INCOME TAXES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

NOTE 8. INCOME TAXES

On a quarterly basis, we estimate what our effective tax rate will be for the full fiscal year and record a quarterly income tax provision based on the anticipated rate. As the year progresses, we refine our estimate based on the facts and circumstances, including discrete events.

Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 122% and (71)%, respectively, compared to 8% and 62% for the same periods in 2024. The primary drivers of the change in effective tax rate were fluctuations in pretax income (loss), taxes on foreign entities and impact of the U.S. book loss on the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”).

In the third quarter of 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) restored the Company’s ability to immediately deduct domestic research and development expenses. The Company has prepared its tax provision for three and nine-months ending September 30, 2025 assuming it will take advantage of this provision of the OBBBA. As a result, the Company currently estimates that it will incur a U.S. tax loss for the Company in 2025, which will temporarily limit the Company’s ability to deduct interest expense and would impact the ability to claim foreign tax deductions and credits under the GILTI provisions of the US tax code. The impact to the GILTI results in a permanent unfavorable impact to the overall tax rate for the quarter and year-to-date periods in 2025. The Company plans to continue to review the impact of the OBBBA, and the various elections, including the Company’s deduction of research and development expense, to optimize tax cash payments, along with overall tax expense.