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Basis of Presentation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Note 2. Basis of Presentation
Presentation   The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the US (US GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 contain all normally recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and equity for such periods. Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. For the periods presented, net income or loss is materially consistent with comprehensive income or loss.
Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.
These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Consolidation   Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts, the accounts of subsidiaries which Noble Energy wholly owns, and the accounts of Noble Midstream Partners LP (Noble Midstream Partners). Noble Energy has determined that the partners with equity at risk in Noble Midstream Partners lack the authority, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact Noble Midstream Partners' economic performance; therefore, Noble Midstream Partners is considered a variable interest entity. Through Noble Energy's ownership interest in Noble Midstream GP LLC (the General Partner to Noble Midstream Partners), Noble Energy has the authority to direct the activities that most significantly affect economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to Noble Midstream Partners. Therefore, Noble Energy is considered the primary beneficiary and consolidates Noble Midstream Partners.
In addition, we use the equity method of accounting for investments in entities that we do not control, but over which we exert significant influence. Amounts recorded within equity method investments, including contributions, include capitalized interest when the primary asset is under construction.
All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. 
Noncontrolling Interests  Our consolidated financial statements include both noncontrolling interests and a redeemable noncontrolling interest. The noncontrolling interests represent the public's ownership in Noble Midstream Partners and third-party ownership in Noble Midstream Partners' consolidated non-wholly owned subsidiaries. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests for the six months ended June 30, 2020 includes goodwill impairment expense of $72 million based upon third party ownership interests in the underlying asset. See Note 4. Impairments.
The redeemable noncontrolling interest represents perpetual preferred equity with a 6.5% annual dividend rate. Noble Midstream Partners may redeem the preferred equity in whole or in part at any time for cash at a predetermined redemption price. The preferred equity partner can request redemption at a pre-determined base return on or after March 25, 2025.
Estimates   The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic and commodity price environment.
The current commodity price, supply and demand environment coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic have increased uncertainty related to our estimates for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Impairments We performed a review for impairment indicators related to our proved and unproved properties on a field-by-field basis as of June 30, 2020, concluding there were no indicators of impairment. Assumptions utilized within this review were consistent with those utilized in first quarter 2020, as outlined further below.
Additionally, we performed impairment assessments over other long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, equity method investments, right-of-use assets and intangible assets. No impairment indicators were identified with the exception of certain capitalized exploratory well costs, as discussed below.

We reviewed capitalized exploratory well costs to determine whether facts and circumstances support continued capitalization of such costs. These considerations included management's long-range plans, whether sufficient progress has been made in assessing reserves, and whether each project remains economically and operationally viable. During second quarter 2020, we recognized asset impairment expense related to the Felicita project, Block O, offshore Equatorial Guinea. See Note 4. Impairments and Note 6. Capitalized Exploratory Well Costs and Undeveloped Leasehold Costs.

During first quarter 2020, we identified certain impairment indicators including the significant decrease in commodity prices resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, which lowered demand for our products, as well as the supply response from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and non-OPEC producers. Collectively, these factors caused us to change our development plans in first quarter 2020. Due to these impairment indicators, we conducted impairment testing of certain of our assets as of March 31, 2020, as follows:
Proved Properties
Asset Recovery Test We conducted asset recovery testing of our proved properties on a field-by-field basis, inclusive of associated Midstream assets. For each field, we developed estimates of future undiscounted cash flows expected in connection with the property and compared these estimates to the carrying amount of the property. Assumptions used in these estimates included expectations for future commodity prices, development and capital spending plans, reservoir performance and production. Additionally, these estimates included certain asset specific assumptions, such as the political and regulatory impacts on future development activity, exploration plans, our geologists' evaluation of the property and the remaining lease term of the property. An impairment was indicated if, as a result of the assessment, an asset's carrying value exceeds its future net undiscounted cash flows.
In preparing and reviewing assumptions used in the recovery test, we reassessed our historical methodology and rationale of inputs given the current industry and global environment. We concluded that our historical methodology and inputs were reasonable with the exception of estimating future commodity prices.
Historically, management has relied on future undiscounted net cash flows which included five-year strip prices for crude oil and natural gas, with prices subsequent to the fifth year held constant, unless contractual arrangements designated the price to be used. This pricing methodology has been similar to pricing assumptions used in creating management's long-range plans for asset development and capital allocation decisions. However, during first quarter 2020, forward five-year strip prices experienced considerable volatility and limited liquidity in the outer years of the forward strip. As such, we concluded that estimating future commodity prices using only five-year strip pricing would not be representative of expected market prices for certain of the years within our undiscounted cash flow models.
As such, absent contractual arrangements designating the price to be used, we aligned our future commodity price estimates used in the recovery test with those utilized in our updated long-range plans for asset development and capital allocation. This pricing reflects our analysis of market supply and demand considerations and industry cost of supply curve.
Except for our Delaware Basin proved properties, we determined that the carrying amount of each field was recoverable.
Fair Value Determination We estimated the fair value of our Delaware Basin proved properties using a number of fair value inputs, which are Level 3 on the fair value hierarchy. We utilized a discounted cash flow model, estimating future net cash flows based on our expectations of future crude oil and natural gas production, commodity prices, and operating and development costs and discounted the cash flows using a weighted average cost of capital.
As a result of the fair value determination, we concluded that the carrying amount of our Delaware Basin proved properties was impaired and recognized impairment expense for the excess of the carrying value above the fair value of the properties. See Note 4. Impairments.
Unproved Properties Our unproved properties consist of leasehold costs and value allocated to probable and possible reserves resulting from acquisitions. During first quarter 2020, we assessed our unproved properties for impairment by considering numerous factors including, but not limited to, current development plans, favorable or unfavorable exploration activity on the property being evaluated and/or adjacent properties, our geologists' evaluation of the property, and the remaining months in the lease term for the property.
We determined that the carrying values relating to both our Delaware Basin and Eagle Ford Shale unproved properties were impaired and recognized exploration expense. See Note 4. Impairments.
Other Property, Plant & Equipment Other property includes lease right-of-use assets such as compressors and buildings, leasehold improvements, automobiles, trucks and other fixed assets. During first quarter 2020, we identified certain impairment indicators with regards to a corporate real estate finance lease. We performed an impairment assessment which indicated the right-of-use asset's carrying value exceeded its future net undiscounted cash flows. As such, in first quarter 2020 we estimated the fair value of the asset, recognizing impairment expense for the excess of the carrying value above the fair value of the right-of-use asset. See Note 4. Impairments.
Equity Method Investments We consider our equity method investments to be essential components of our business and necessary and integral elements of our value chain in support of our upstream operations. We considered whether any facts or circumstances suggested that our equity method investments were impaired on an other-than-temporary basis and concluded that the carrying values of our equity method investments were not impaired.
Goodwill Noble Midstream Partners recorded goodwill upon the acquisition of Saddle Butte Rockies Midstream, LLC and affiliates (collectively Saddle Butte and subsequently renamed Black Diamond). In first quarter 2020, the commodity price environment coupled with decreased market capitalization were indicators that goodwill may be impaired. Noble Midstream Partners performed a qualitative assessment, concluding it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying value. As a result, Noble Midstream Partners performed a fair value assessment which took into account changes in customer development plans. Based on these assessments, Noble Midstream Partners concluded that the goodwill was fully impaired and recorded goodwill impairment expense in first quarter 2020. See Note 4. Impairments.
Deferred Taxes We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In first quarter 2020, we changed our US onshore development plans in response to significant decreases in commodity prices, excess supply and lower demand for commodities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as expected slower global economic growth. Additionally, in first quarter 2020 we recorded impairments to our Delaware Basin proved and unproved properties and to our Eagle Ford Shale unproved properties. Collectively, these factors suggested it was more likely than not that our forecasted domestic net deferred tax asset would not be realized and as such, we recorded a valuation allowance in first quarter 2020. See Note 10. Income Taxes.
Revenue Recognition   We recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. We routinely monitor the credit worthiness of our purchasers. While we maintain credit insurance associated with certain purchasers, we do not carry credit insurance for all purchasers.
In the Eastern Mediterranean, we sell natural gas under natural gas sales and purchase agreements (GSPAs) to customers in Israel, Egypt, and Jordan. The majority of these contracts include total contracted quantities for which we will deliver volumes to customers over the life of the agreements. As of June 30, 2020, a total of approximately 9.5 Tcf, gross (2.6 Tcf, net), of natural gas remained to be delivered under these contracts. Based on current production levels, our available quantities of proved reserves are more than sufficient to meet delivery commitments associated with these sales agreements with minimal additional capital investment.
Certain of our Tamar and Leviathan GSPAs have buyer-minimum take or pay volume-obligations and index prices subject to minimum-price floor supports. In addition, our Egyptian export contracts include provisions which trigger adjustments to either decrease, or increase, fixed minimum take or pay volumes in the event the arithmetic average of daily Brent crude oil prices falls below, or rises above, $50 per barrel for certain periods of time. Our GSPAs do not preclude us from selling natural gas to customers, at amounts which exceed fixed minimum sales volumes. Estimated future net revenues related to remaining performance obligations subject to minimum sales volumes and base pricing as of June 30, 2020 were as follows:
(millions)
Remainder of 2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
2023
 
2024
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Natural Gas Revenues
$
298

 
$
553

 
$
546

 
$
550

 
$
552

 
$
5,192

 
$
7,691


Our actual future natural gas sales volumes may exceed future minimum volume commitments. Additionally, future natural gas revenues will vary due to variable consideration exceeding the contractual minimum volume or floor price provision. For example, estimates related to our Egyptian export contracts included in the table above calculate minimum fixed volume commitments assuming the arithmetic average of daily Brent crude oil prices are less than $50 per barrel for the remainder of the contract terms, which extend into 2035. In addition, these Egyptian export contracts include increases in minimum volume commitments up to 650 MMcf/d, gross, by mid-2022 once certain conditions precedent are satisfied. As of June 30, 2020, the table above reflects the increase in contractual minimum volumes to 450 MMcf/d, gross, from the Tamar and Leviathan fields. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) Reform In first quarter 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 (ASU 2020-04): Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the transition from LIBOR to an alternative reference rate. The ASU intends to address certain concerns relating to accounting for contract modifications and hedge accounting. These optional expedients and exceptions to applying GAAP, assuming certain criteria are met, are allowed through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2020-04 and have not yet determined whether we will elect the optional expedients. We do not expect the transition to an alternative rate to have a significant impact on our business, operations or liquidity.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Clarifying Certain Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topics In first quarter 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01: Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), to clarify the interactions between these Topics. The update provides clarifications for entities investing in equity securities accounted for under the ASC 321 measurement alternative and companies that hold certain non-derivative forward contracts and purchased options to acquire equity securities. ASU 2020-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted this ASU in first quarter 2020. This adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
Statements of Operations Information   Other statements of operations information is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Other Revenue
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments and Other
$
3

 
$
16

 
$
(21
)
 
$
33

Midstream Services Revenues – Third Party
26

 
20

 
51

 
44

Total
$
29

 
$
36

 
$
30

 
$
77

Production Expense
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Lease Operating Expense
$
98

 
$
122

 
$
236

 
$
273

Production and Ad Valorem Taxes
24

 
41

 
63

 
90

Gathering, Transportation and Processing Expense
89

 
96

 
184

 
198

Other Royalty Expense
3

 
1

 
7

 
4

Total
$
214

 
$
260

 
$
490

 
$
565

Exploration Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leasehold Impairment (1)
$
3

 
$

 
$
1,488

 
$

Seismic, Staffing Expense and Other
12

 
33

 
31

 
57

Total
$
15

 
$
33

 
$
1,519

 
$
57

Other Operating Expense, Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finance Lease Right-of-Use Asset Impairment (2)
$

 
$

 
$
40

 
$

Marketing Expense
10

 
14

 
19

 
19

Firm Transportation Exit Cost

 

 

 
92

Corporate Restructuring (3)
30

 
1

 
30

 
1

Other, Net
33

 
7

 
28

 
27

Total
$
73

 
$
22

 
$
117

 
$
139


(1) 
See Note 4. Impairments and Note 6. Capitalized Exploratory Well Costs and Undeveloped Leasehold Costs.
(2) 
See Note 4. Impairments.
(3) 
Relates to cash severance, termination benefits and acceleration of stock-based compensation for workforce reduction.
Balance Sheet Information   Other balance sheet information is as follows:
(millions)
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
Accounts Receivable, Net
 
 
 
Commodity Sales
$
270

 
$
446

Joint Interest Billings
115

 
164

Other
88

 
128

Current Expected Credit Losses
(8
)
 
(8
)
Total
$
465

 
$
730

Other Current Assets
 

 
 

Commodity Derivative Assets
$
61

 
$
14

Inventory - Materials and Supplies
68

 
59

Assets Held for Sale 
2

 
14

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
83

 
61

Total
$
214

 
$
148

Other Noncurrent Assets
 

 
 

Equity Method Investments
$
1,246

 
$
1,066

Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets, Net (1)
225

 
227

Customer-Related Intangible Assets, Net (2)
262

 
278

Goodwill (3)

 
110

Other Assets, Noncurrent
177

 
153

Total
$
1,910

 
$
1,834

Other Current Liabilities
 

 
 

Production and Ad Valorem Taxes
$
109

 
$
118

Commodity Derivative Liabilities
151

 
36

Asset Retirement Obligations
89

 
84

Interest Payable
59

 
74

Operating Lease Liabilities
79

 
88

Compensation and Benefits Payable
53

 
126

Other Liabilities, Current
166

 
193

Total
$
706

 
$
719

Other Noncurrent Liabilities
 

 
 

Deferred Compensation Liabilities
$
121

 
$
133

Asset Retirement Obligations
732

 
730

Operating Lease Liabilities
169

 
164

Firm Transportation Exit Cost Accrual (4)
113

 
129

Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
153

 
222

Total
$
1,288

 
$
1,378

(1) 
Balance includes a five-year $28 million lease renewal executed in first quarter 2020 for a vessel offshore West Africa.
(2) 
Balances at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are net of accumulated amortization of $78 million and $62 million, respectively.
(3) 
See Note 4. Impairments.
(4) 
Represents the discounted present value of our remaining obligations to third parties for permanent assignments of capacity on pipelines in the Marcellus Shale.
Reconciliation of Total Cash We define total cash as cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short-term nature. The following table provides a reconciliation of total cash:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)
2020
 
2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
$
484

 
$
716

Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period

 
3

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period
$
484

 
$
719

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
$
324

 
$
470

Restricted Cash at End of Period

 
132

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period
$
324

 
$
602