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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
10. Income Taxes
The income tax provision (benefit) consists of the following:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Current (1)
$
37

 
$
45

 
$
49

 
$
65

Deferred
(873
)
 
(228
)
 
(873
)
 
(414
)
Total Income Tax Benefit
$
(836
)
 
$
(183
)
 
$
(824
)
 
$
(349
)
Effective Tax Rate
35.8
%
 
36.7
%
 
36.2
%
 
36.7
%

(1) Current income taxes are attributable to our operations in Israel and Equatorial Guinea.
Effective Tax Rate (ETR) At the end of each interim period, we apply a forecasted annualized effective tax rate (ETR) to current year earnings or loss before tax, which can result in significant interim ETR fluctuations. Our ETR for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 varied as compared with the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 primarily due to a larger discrete tax benefit in the prior year driven by a tax rate change in a foreign jurisdiction. In addition, the significant increase in the deferred tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 is primarily due to the loss recorded for the Marcellus Shale upstream divestiture.
In our major tax jurisdictions, the earliest years remaining open to examination are as follows: US – 2013, Israel – 2015 and Equatorial Guinea – 2011.