Note 11 – Income taxes:

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2016			2015			2016
	(In millions)
Expected tax expense (benefit), at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35%	$	(.8	)	$	2.5		$	(15.0	)	$	2.0
Rate differences on equity in earnings (losses) of Kronos		(2.7	)		(3.0	)		(7.4	)		(2.8	)
Adjustment to the reserve for uncertain tax positions, net		—			—			(3.0	)		—
Nontaxable income		(.1	)		(.2	)		(.3	)		(.4	)
U.S. state income taxes and other, net		.1			.1			.2			.1

Income tax expense (benefit)	$	(3.5	)	$	(.6	)	$	(25.5	)	$	(1.1	)

Comprehensive provision for income taxes (benefit) allocable to:
Net income (loss)	$	(3.5	)	$	(.6	)	$	(25.5	)	$	(1.1	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Marketable securities		(18.6	)		3.7			(22.4	)		4.9
Currency translation		(2.0	)		1.0			(8.3	)		2.0
Interest rate swap		(.4	)		.1			(.4	)		(.3	)
Pension plans		.5			.4			1.5			1.3
OPEB plans		—			(.1	)		(.2	)		(.2	)

Total	$	(24.0	)	$	4.5		$	(55.3	)	$	6.6

In accordance with GAAP, we recognize deferred income taxes on our undistributed equity in earnings (losses) of Kronos. Because we and Kronos are part of the same U.S. federal income tax group, any dividends we receive from Kronos are nontaxable to us. Accordingly, we do not recognize and we are not required to pay income taxes on dividends from Kronos. We received aggregate dividends from Kronos of $15.8 million in the first nine months of 2015 and 2016. The amounts shown in the above table of our income tax rate reconciliation for rate differences on equity in earnings (losses) of Kronos represents the net tax (benefit) associated with such non-taxability of the dividends we receive from Kronos, as it relates to the amount of deferred income taxes we recognize on our undistributed equity in earnings (losses) of Kronos.

Kronos has substantial net operating losses in Germany and Belgium, the benefit of which Kronos had previously recognized under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria. In the second quarter of 2015, Kronos determined that such losses did not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria, and as a result Kronos recognized a non-cash deferred income tax expense of $150.3 million in the second quarter of 2015 as a valuation allowance against Kronos’ net deferred income tax assets in such jurisdictions. Kronos recognized an additional $2.3 million non-cash deferred income tax asset valuation allowance during the third quarter of 2015 and recognized an aggregate $2.1 million non-cash deferred income tax asset valuation allowance in the first nine months of 2016 (mostly in the second quarter) as additional valuation allowance against additional losses in such jurisdictions. The rate difference related to our equity in losses of Kronos in the third quarter and first nine months of 2015 and 2016 includes our equity in such non-cash deferred income tax expense recognized by Kronos.

Tax authorities are examining certain of our U.S. and non-U.S. tax returns, including those of Kronos, and tax authorities have or may propose tax deficiencies, including penalties and interest. Because of the inherent uncertainties involved in settlement initiatives and court and tax proceedings, we cannot guarantee that these matters will be resolved in our favor, and therefore our potential exposure, if any, is also uncertain. As a result of ongoing audits in in certain jurisdictions, in 2008 Kronos filed Advance Pricing Agreement Requests with the tax authorities in the U.S., Canada and Germany. These requests have been under review with the respective tax authorities since 2008 and prior to the third quarter of 2016, it was uncertain whether an agreement would be reached between the tax authorities and whether Kronos would agree to execute and finalize such agreements. During the third quarter of 2016, Contran, as the ultimate parent of our U.S. Consolidated income tax group, executed and finalized an Advance Pricing Agreement with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and Kronos’ Canadian subsidiary executed and finalized an Advance Pricing Agreement with the Competent Authority for Canada (collectively, the “U.S.-Canada APA”) effective for tax years 2005 - 2015. Pursuant to the terms of the U.S.-Canada APA, the U.S. and Canadian tax authorities agreed to certain prior year changes to taxable income of the U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries. As a result of such agreed-upon changes, Kronos recognized a $5.6 million current U.S. income tax benefit in the third quarter of 2016. In addition, Kronos’ Canadian subsidiary will incur a cash income tax payment of approximately CAD $3 million (USD $2.3 million) as a result of the U.S.-Canada APA, but such payment was fully offset by previously provided accruals. Kronos currently expects the Advance Pricing Agreement between Canada and Germany (collectively, the “Canada-Germany APA”) to be executed and finalized within the next twelve months. Kronos believes it has adequate accruals to cover any cash income tax payment which might result from the finalization of the Canada-Germany APA, and accordingly does not expect the execution of such APA to have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. We believe we have adequate accruals for additional taxes and related interest expense which could ultimately result from tax examinations. We believe the ultimate disposition of tax examinations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. The rate difference related to our equity in losses of Kronos in the third quarter and first nine months of 2016 includes our equity in such current tax benefit recognized by Kronos.

In the first nine months of 2015, we recognized a first quarter non-cash income tax benefit of $3.0 million related to the release of a portion of our reserve for uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. We currently estimate that our unrecognized tax benefits will not change materially during the next twelve months.