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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany transactions and amounts have been eliminated. Investments in business entities in which we do not have control, but have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, are accounted for using the equity method. Refer to Note 6 for further information on our equity method investments.
References to "we," "our," and similar pronouns in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 (this "Form 10-Q") refer to Cardinal Health, Inc. and its majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries unless the context requires otherwise.
Our fiscal year ends on June 30. References to fiscal 2019 and 2018 in these condensed consolidated financial statements are to the fiscal years ending or ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") instructions to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and include the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial reporting. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts may differ from these estimated amounts. In our opinion, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. Except as disclosed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, all such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. To conform to the current year presentation, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified. In addition, financial results presented for this fiscal 2019 interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year ending June 30, 2019. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, accordingly, should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 (the "2018 Form 10-K").
Recent Financial Accounting Standards
In March 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued amended accounting guidance to codify SEC staff accounting bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”), which was issued in connection with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) of December 2017. The guidance allows companies to use provisional estimates to record the effects of the Tax Act and also provides a measurement period (not to exceed one year from the date of enactment) to complete the accounting for the impacts of the Tax Act. We adopted this guidance in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 when it was initially issued as SAB 118. We are still completing our accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act because all the necessary information is not currently available, prepared or analyzed. As such, we have made reasonable estimates of the effects of the Tax Act on our financial results. As we complete our analysis of the accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Act, we may record additional provisional amounts or adjustments to provisional amounts as discrete items in the three months ended December 31, 2018. See Note 8 for additional information regarding income taxes.
In August 2017, the FASB issued accounting guidance which is intended to improve and simplify accounting rules around hedge accounting. We early adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 as permitted by the guidance. The adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance that requires an entity to recognize the income tax effect of intercompany sales and transfers of assets other than inventory at the time that the transfer occurs rather than when the asset is sold to a third party. This amendment became effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance which clarifies the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows, including those related to contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, distributions received from equity method investees, debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
In June 2016, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance that will require entities to measure credit losses on trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments using an "expected credit loss" model that considers historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. This guidance also requires that credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses be recognized as allowances rather than as deductions in the amortized cost of the securities. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance that requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset but recognize expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to today’s accounting. The guidance also requires disclosures that meet the objective of enabling financial statement users to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. We will adopt this guidance when it is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and we expect to elect the practical expedient which will allow us to not apply the amended lease accounting guidance to comparative periods that will be presented. The majority of our lease spend relates to certain real estate with the remaining lease spend primarily related to equipment. We anticipate that the adoption of the amended lease guidance will result in an increase to the assets and liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet, but we are continuing to evaluate the impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements and the methods of adoption.
In January 2016, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance intended to improve the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The amended guidance primarily changes the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, the method for assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets related to available-for-sale securities and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. We adopted the amended guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and are using the net asset value ("NAV") practical expedient for certain fund assets previously accounted for using the equity and cost methods. The amended accounting guidance did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance related to revenue recognition which we adopted in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the modified retrospective method and that we applied to customer contracts that were not completed as of June 30, 2018. This guidance is based on the principle that revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for the transfer of goods or services to customers. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The FASB also subsequently issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on principal versus agent considerations, performance obligations and licensing, and certain scope improvements and practical expedients.
Our revenue is primarily distribution revenue related to the distribution of pharmaceutical and medical products, which we recognize at a point in time when title transfers to customers and we have no further obligation to provide services related to such merchandise.
The adoption of the amended accounting guidance did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. We did not record any material contract assets, contract liabilities, or deferred contract costs in our condensed consolidated balance sheets upon adopting the amended accounting guidance.
We elected the practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract when incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. Additionally, we have elected the practical expedients to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed and for contracts for which the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation. See Note 14 for additional information regarding our revenue recognition.