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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements for the years ended July 31, 2018 and 2017 include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Non-Invasive Monitoring Systems of Florida, Inc., which has no current operations, and NIMS of Canada, Inc., a Canadian corporation, which has no current operations. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions, such as accounts receivable, stock based compensation, warranty accrual and deferred taxes as estimates, that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such items include input variables for stock based compensation, accounts receivable, lower of cost or market determination for inventory, warranty accrual and deferred taxes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid short-term investments purchased with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had approximately $90,000 and $11,000 in checking accounts at July 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts. Royalties and other receivables are recorded at the stated amount of the transactions. The Company provides an allowance for royalties and other receivables it believes it may not collect in full. Receivables are written off when they are deemed to be uncollectible and all collection attempts have ceased. The amount of bad debt recorded each period and the resulting adequacy of the allowance at the end of each period are determined using a combination of the Company’s historical loss experience, customer-by-customer analysis of the Company’s accounts receivable each period and subjective assessments of the Company’s future bad debt exposure.

 

Inventories. Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method, and are evaluated at least annually for impairment. Inventories at July 31, 2018 and 2017 had been written down to zero.

 

Long-lived Assets. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In performing the review for recoverability, the Company estimates the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, an impairment loss is recognized as the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of the asset.

 

Segments The Company operates in only one segment. Management uses cash flow as the primary measure to manage its business and does not segment its business for internal reporting or decision-making.

 

Taxes Assessed on Revenue-Producing Transactions. The Company presents sales taxes assessed on revenue-producing transactions between a seller and customer using the net presentation; thus, sales and cost of revenues are not affected by such taxes.

 

Income Taxes. The Company provides for income taxes using an asset and liability based approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded to reflect the tax consequences in future years of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The deferred tax asset for loss carryforwards and other potential future tax benefits has been fully offset by a valuation allowance since it is uncertain whether any future benefit will be realized. The Company files its tax returns as prescribed by the laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. Tax years ranging from 2015 to 2018 remain open to examination by various taxing jurisdictions as the statute of limitations has not expired. It is the Company’s policy to include income tax interest and penalty expense in its tax provision.

 

Revenue Recognition. The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, on January 1, 2018. The Company’s revenue consists of product sales and parts. The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract between the Company and the customer, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of the contract consideration is probable. The Company’s revenues are measured based on consideration specified in the contract with each customer, net of any sales incentives and taxes collected from customers that are remitted to government authorities.

 

Advertising Costs. The Company expenses all costs of advertising and promotions as incurred. There were no advertising and promotional costs for the years ended July 31, 2018 and 2017.

 

Research and Development Costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, and primarily consist of payments to third parties for research and development of the Exer-Rest device and regulatory testing costs to obtain FDA approval.

 

Warranties. The Company’s warranties are two years on all Exer-Rest products sold domestically and one year for products sold outside of the U.S. and are accrued based on management’s estimates and the history of warranty costs incurred. There were no material warranty costs incurred for the years ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, and management estimates that the Company’s accrued warranty expense at July 31, 2018 will be sufficient to offset claims made for units under warranty. Warranty accruals of approximately $12,000 are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses at July 31, 2018 and 2017.

 

Stock-based compensation. The Company recognizes all share-based payments, including grants of stock options, as operating expenses, based on their grant date fair values. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting life of the underlying stock options and is included in selling, general and administrative costs and expenses in the consolidated comprehensive statements of operations for all periods presented. Forfeitures are accounted for when they occur.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of July 31, 2018 and 2017. The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, royalties and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair values because they are short term in nature or they bear current market interest rates.

 

As of July 31, 2018 and 2017, the respective carrying value of the notes payable – related party and notes payable – other approximate our current borrowing rate for similar debt instruments of comparable maturity and are considered Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.

 

Comprehensive Income (Loss). Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including foreign currency translations. There were no transactions that resulted in comprehensive income or losses during the years ended July 31, 2018 or 2017.

 

Loss Contingencies. We recognize contingent losses that are both probable and estimable. In this context, we define probability as circumstances under which events are likely to occur. In regard to legal costs, we record such costs as incurred.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

 

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU’s”). ASU’s not discussed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated balance sheets or consolidated comprehensive statement of operations.

 

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 impacts any entity that enters into a lease with some specified scope exceptions. This new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The guidance updates and supersedes Topic 840, Leases. For public entities, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods with those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company has not yet implemented this guidance. However, based on the Company’s current operating lease arrangements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its financial statements based upon current obligations.

 

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” ASU 2014-09, as amended and codified into Topic 606, clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and develops a common revenue standard for GAAP that removes inconsistencies and weaknesses in revenue requirements, provides a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues, improves comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets, provides more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosure requirements and simplifies the preparation of financial statements by reducing the number of requirements to which an entity must refer. As required, we adopted ASU 2014-09 using the modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2018.

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-09 – Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The amendments in this update affect all entities that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. The areas for simplification in this update involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Changes introduced by this relates to the timing of when unrecognized tax benefits are recognized, minimum statutory withholding requirements, and forfeitures, The Company implemented this ASU on August 1, 2017. The adoption of this update did not impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). This standard addresses the classification of eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. ASU 2016-15 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.