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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Non-Invasive Monitoring Systems of Florida, Inc., which has no current operations, and NIMS of Canada, Inc., a Canadian corporation, which has no current operations. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions, such as accounts receivable, warranty accrual, deferred taxes, and the input variables for stock based compensation as estimates, that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid short-term investments purchased with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had approximately $14,000 and $40,000, on deposit in bank operating accounts at April 30, 2016 and July 31, 2015, respectively.

 

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts. Royalties and other receivables are recorded at the stated amount of the transactions. The Company provides an allowance for royalties and other receivables it believes it may not collect in full. Receivables are written off when they are deemed to be uncollectible and all collection attempts have ceased. The amount of bad debt recorded each period and the resulting adequacy of the allowance at the end of each period are determined using a combination of the Company’s historical loss experience, customer-by-customer analysis of the Company’s accounts receivable each period and subjective assessments of the Company’s future bad debt exposure.

 

Inventories. Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method, and are evaluated at least annually for impairment. Inventories at April 30, 2016 and July 31, 2015 primarily consist of finished Exer-Rest units, spare parts and accessories. Provisions for potentially obsolete or slow-moving inventory are made based on management’s analysis of inventory levels, historical obsolescence and future sales forecasts.

 

Tooling and Equipment. These assets are stated at cost and depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method, over their estimated useful lives.

 

Long-lived Assets. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In performing the review for recoverability, the Company estimates the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, an impairment loss is recognized as the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of the asset.

 

Taxes Assessed on Revenue-Producing Transactions. The Company presents sales taxes assessed on revenue-producing transactions between a seller and customer using the net presentation; thus, sales and cost of revenues are not affected by such taxes.

 

Income Taxes. The Company provides for income taxes using an asset and liability based approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded to reflect the tax consequences in future years of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The deferred tax asset for loss carryforwards and other potential future tax benefits has been fully offset by a valuation allowance since it is uncertain whether any future benefit will be realized. The utilization of the loss carryforward is limited to future taxable earnings of the Company and may be subject to severe limitations if the Company undergoes an ownership change pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code Section 382.

 

The Company files its tax returns as prescribed by the laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. Tax years ranging from 2012 to 2015 remain open to examination by various taxing jurisdictions as the statute of limitations has not expired. It is the Company’s policy to include income tax interest and penalty expense in its tax provision.

 

Revenue Recognition. Revenue from product sales is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the goods are shipped and title has transferred, the price is fixed or determinable, and the collection of the sales proceeds is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes royalties as they are earned, based on reports from licensees. Research and consulting revenue and revenue from sales of extended warranties on therapeutic platforms are recognized over the term of the respective agreements.

 

Advertising Costs. The Company expenses all costs of advertising and promotions as incurred. There were no advertising and promotional costs incurred for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015.

 

Research and Development Costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, and primarily consist of payments to third parties for research and development of the Exer-Rest® device and regulatory testing and other costs to obtain FDA approval.

 

Warranties. The Company’s warranties are two years on all Exer-Rest® products sold domestically and one year for products sold outside of the U.S. and are accrued based on management’s estimates and the history of warranty costs incurred. There were no material warranty costs incurred during the three and nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015, and management estimates that the Company’s accrued warranty expense at April 30, 2016 will be sufficient to offset claims made for units under warranty.

 

Stock-based compensation. The Company recognizes all share-based payments, including grants of stock options, as operating costs and expenses, based on their grant date fair values. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting life of the underlying stock options and is included in selling, general and administrative costs and expenses in the condensed consolidated comprehensive statements of operations for all periods presented.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of April 30, 2016 and July 31, 2015. The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, royalties and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair values because they are short term in nature or they bear current market interest rates. As of April 30, 2016, the respective carrying value of the notes payable – related party and notes payable – other approximate our current borrowing rate for similar debt instruments of comparable maturity and are considered Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.

 

Foreign Currency Translation. The functional currency for the Company’s foreign subsidiary is the local currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date while income and expense amounts are translated at average exchange rates during the period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are disclosed as a separate component of shareholders deficit and accumulated other comprehensive loss. There were no foreign currency translation adjustments for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2016 and there were no foreign currency translation adjustments for the three months ended April 30, 2015 and $1,000 for the nine months ended April 30, 2015.

 

Comprehensive Income (Loss). Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including foreign currency translations.

 

Loss Contingencies. We recognize contingent losses that are probable and estimable. In this context, we define probability as circumstances under which events are likely to occur. In regards to legal costs, we record such costs as incurred.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update which amends existing lease guidance. The update requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and related lease liability for many operating leases now currently off-balance sheet under current US GAAP. Accounting by lessors remains largely unchanged from current US GAAP. The update is effective using a modified retrospective approach for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years, with early application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the update will have on its financial statements.

 

In July 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standard update which affects the measurement of inventory. The update requires inventory to be measured using the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined in the update as the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The update applies to all types of inventory except inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. The update is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company adopted the update as of August 1, 2015. The adoption did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standard update which affects the revenue recognition of entities that enter into either (1) certain contracts to transfer goods or services to customers or (2) certain contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The update indicates an entity should recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred by the entity. The update is to be applied to the beginning of the year of implementation or retrospectively and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and in interim periods in that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the update will have on its consolidated financial statements.