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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The quarterly income tax provision is calculated using an estimated annual effective tax rate, based upon expected annual income, permanent items, statutory rates and planned tax strategies in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. However, losses in certain jurisdictions and discrete items are treated separately.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. We record a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Our expectations regarding realization of our deferred tax assets is based upon the weight of all available evidence, including such factors as our recent earnings history, expected future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. We maintain a valuation allowance with respect to certain state, federal and foreign deferred tax assets that may not be recovered. We have established valuation allowances on substantially all net deferred tax assets, after considering all of the available objective evidence, both positive and negative, historical and prospective, with greater weight given to historical evidence, and determined it is not more likely than not that these assets will be realized.
We classify all of our uncertain tax positions as income taxes payable long-term. At March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $3.9 million. If recognized, these amounts would favorably impact the effective tax rate. Income taxes payable long-term primarily includes, among other items, withholding taxes that are not due until the related intercompany service fees are paid.
We classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016, we had an accrual for potential interest and penalties of approximately $2.5 million and $2.3 million, respectively, classified with income taxes payable long-term.
We and one or more of our subsidiaries file income tax returns in The Netherlands, France, China, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Germany, as well as in the U.S. and various states in the U.S. The Company and its subsidiaries have a number of open tax years dictated by statute in each of their respective taxing jurisdictions, but generally it is from 3 to 5 years in the jurisdictions in which we file tax returns.