DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION	9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION	DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Inotiv, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company,” and “Inotiv”) comprise a leading contract research organization (“CRO”) dedicated to providing nonclinical and analytical drug discovery and development services primarily to the pharmaceutical and medical device industries and selling a range of research-quality animals and diets to the same industries as well as academia and government clients. Our products and services focus on bringing new drugs and medical devices through the discovery and preclinical phases of development, all while increasing efficiency, improving data, and reducing the cost of discovering and taking new drugs and medical devices to market. Inotiv is committed to supporting discovery and development objectives as well as helping researchers realize the full potential of their critical research and development projects, all while working together to build a healthier and safer world. We are dedicated to practicing high standards of laboratory animal care and welfare. The Company reports its results in two segments: Discovery and Safety Assessment (“DSA”) and Research Models and Services (“RMS”). Through our DSA segment, we support the discovery, nonclinical development and clinical development needs of researchers and clinicians for primarily small molecule drug candidates, as well as biotherapeutics and biomedical devices. Our scientists have skills in analytical instrumentation development, chemistry, computer software development, histology, pathology, physiology, surgery, analytical chemistry, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology to make the services and products we provide increasingly valuable to our current and potential clients. Our principal clients are companies whose scientists are engaged in analytical chemistry, drug safety evaluation, clinical trials, drug metabolism studies, pharmacokinetics and basic research, from small start-up biotechnology companies to some of the largest global pharmaceutical companies. Through our RMS segment, we offer access to a wide range of small and large purpose-bred animal research models for basic research and drug discovery and development, as well as specialized models for specific diseases and therapeutic areas, in addition to diet, bedding and enrichment products. We provide deep animal husbandry expertise and expanded access to scientists across the discovery and preclinical continuum, which can reduce nonclinical lead times and provide enhanced project delivery. In conjunction with our DSA business, we have the ability to run selected nonclinical studies directly on-site at closely located research model facilities and provide access to innovative genetically engineered models and services solutions. Our principal clients include biopharmaceutical companies, CROs, and academic and government organizations. Liquidity and Going Concern The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") applicable to a going concern. This presentation contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business and does not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described below. On December 18, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC, as underwriter (the “Underwriter”), relating to the public offering of 6,000,000 common shares at a purchase price per share to the public of $4.25 (the “Offering Price”). Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the Underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 900,000 common shares at the Offering Price, less underwriting discounts and commissions, which option was exercised in full and closed on December 30, 2024. Net proceeds from the offering were $27,524 after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses paid by the Company. The Company has and intends to continue to use the net proceeds from the offering for working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $6,215 and access to a $15,000 revolving credit facility, which had no balance outstanding. The Company has requested a draw of $3,000 on its revolving credit facility, but has not yet received the funds as of the date of this report. Further, for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the Company had negative operating cash flows, operating losses and net losses. If the Company's results of operations in the twelve months following the date of this report do not improve relative to the results of the first nine months of fiscal 2025, the Company will be at risk of non-compliance with its financial covenants under its Credit Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2021 (as amended through the date hereof, the "Credit Agreement"). If at any time in the twelve months following the date of this report the Company fails to comply with its financial covenants which remain unremedied for the period of time stipulated under the Credit Agreement, this would constitute an event of default under the Credit Agreement and the lenders may, among other remedies set out under the Credit Agreement, declare all or any portion of the outstanding principal amount of the borrowings plus accrued and unpaid interest to be immediately due and payable. Furthermore, if the lenders were to accelerate the loans under the Credit Agreement, such acceleration would constitute a default under our indentures governing the Company's Convertible Senior Notes (the "Notes") and the Company's 15.00% Senior Secured Second Lien PIK Notes due 2027 (the "Second Lien Notes") which, if not cured within 30 days following notice of such default from the trustee or holders of 25 percent of the Notes and from the trustee or holders of 30 percent of the Second Lien Notes, would permit the trustee or such holders to accelerate the Notes and the Second Lien Notes. If the loans under the Credit Agreement, the Notes and the Second Lien Notes are accelerated, the Company does not believe its existing cash and cash equivalents, together with cash generated from operations, would be sufficient to fund its operations, satisfy its obligations, including cash outflows for planned targeted capital expenditures, and repay the entirety of its outstanding senior term loans, repay the entirety of its outstanding Notes and repay the entirety of its outstanding Second Lien Notes. Additionally, access to the revolving credit facility would be restricted and such funds would not be available to pay for any operating activities. On September 13, 2024, the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to the Credit Agreement, which among other changes, made certain changes to the component definitions of the financial covenants, including the definition of Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, and increased the cash netting capability in the First Lien Leverage Ratio covenant. Further, the Seventh Amendment included the addition of a maximum capital expenditure limit and a minimum EBITDA test effective as of the closing date for the testing periods of the six months ended December 31, 2024 and the nine months ended March 31, 2025, waived the existing financial covenants from the date of the Seventh Amendment until June 30, 2025, replaced the Secured Leverage Ratio covenant with a First Lien Leverage Ratio covenant, and established new testing ratios for the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and the First Lien Leverage Ratio covenants for the fiscal quarters beginning June 30, 2025 and thereafter. The Seventh Amendment also capped the reinvestment of funds from extraordinary receipts, asset sales and casualty events at $5,000 in the aggregate, and established a non-voting third party observer to the Company’s board of directors meetings, as elected by the lenders. In connection with the $5,000 capped reinvestment of funds from extraordinary receipts, asset sales and casualty events in the aggregate, during the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company made additional principal payments of $2,181 on the outstanding term loans. The Company was in compliance with the First Lien Leverage Ratio test and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio test for the testing period ended June 30, 2025. Our evaluation of the Company's ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles entailed analyzing prospective fully implemented operating budgets and forecasts for expectations of our cash needs and comparing those needs to the current cash and cash equivalent balances in order to satisfy our obligations, including cash outflows for planned targeted capital expenditures, and to comply with minimum liquidity and financial covenant requirements under our debt covenants related to borrowings pursuant to our Credit Agreement for at least the next twelve months. This evaluation initially does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented and are outside of its control as of the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists under this methodology, we evaluate whether the mitigating effect of our plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of management’s plans, however, is only considered if both (1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. During the next twelve months, the Company plans to continue its efforts to optimize its capital allocation and expense base. Additionally, the Company's plan is to continue its efforts to improve its operating results through increases to non-human primate ("NHP")-related product and service revenue, including pre-selling NHP inventory, and increasing purchase orders for long-term colony management service contracts and our volume of discovery and safety assessment contract awards. The Company also continues to discuss its current business conditions with its lenders. In the event that the Company fails to comply with the requirements of the financial covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement, the Company has approximately 55 days subsequent to any fiscal quarter, and approximately 100 days subsequent to fiscal year-end, to cure noncompliance (the "grace period"). Further, the Company has and may continue to seek additional financing and evaluate financing alternatives to meet its cash requirements for the next twelve months. There is no assurance that the Company’s lenders will agree to any amendment to the Credit Agreement, nor can there be any assurance that the Company would be able to raise additional capital, whether through selling additional equity or debt securities or obtaining a line of credit or other loan on terms acceptable to the Company or at all. Management's operating plan forecasts compliance with the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement for the next twelve months. Although management believes that it will be able to implement its plan, there can be no assurances that its plan will prove successful. As a result, substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern exists. Basis of Presentation The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP, and therefore should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 include all adjustments which are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods and of the Company’s financial position at June 30, 2025. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025. Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. These include, but are not limited to, management estimates in the calculation and timing of revenue recognition, pension liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities and the related valuation allowance. Although estimates are based upon management’s best estimate using historical experience, current events, and actions, actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known. Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by the Company, including all subsidiaries and prior to December 23, 2023, a variable interest entity (“VIE”) it previously consolidated in accordance with GAAP. During December 2023, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with Vanguard Supply Chain Solutions LLC, one of the Company's transportation providers, to enable the in-house integration of Inotiv’s North American transportation operations. Following this transaction, Inotiv was no longer required to consolidate this entity. The VIE has not materially impacted our net assets or net loss. The Company successfully completed the in-house integration of its North American transportation operations during the second fiscal quarter of 2024. The Company accounted for noncontrolling interests in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation” (“ASC 810”). ASC 810 requires companies with noncontrolling interests to disclose such interests as a portion of equity but separate from the parent’s equity. The noncontrolling interests’ portion of net loss is presented on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended September 30, 2024, and there have been no material changes to those significant accounting policies. Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280)”. ASU 2023-07 modifies reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about segment expenses categorized as significant or regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance and assess potential future cash flows. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740)”. ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced disclosures on income taxes paid, adds disaggregation of continuing operations before income taxes between foreign and domestic earnings and defines specific categories for the reconciliation of jurisdictional tax rate to effective tax rate. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and can be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)”. ASU 2024-03 requires enhanced disclosures on disaggregated information about certain income statement line items in a tabular format in the notes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Concentration of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of trade receivables from clients in the biopharmaceutical, contract research, academic, and governmental sectors. The Company believes its exposure to credit risk is minimal, as the majority of the clients are predominantly well established and viable. Additionally, the Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event that payment is not received for revenue recognized equals the outstanding trade receivables and contract assets less fees invoiced in advance. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, one client accounted for 16.4% and 16.1% of revenue, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, no clients accounted for more than 10.0% of revenue. During the nine months ended June 30, 2024, one client accounted for 16.1% of revenue. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, no vendor spend accounted for more than 10.0% of the sum of cost of services and cost of products.

Inotiv, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company,” and “Inotiv”) comprise a leading contract research organization (“CRO”) dedicated to providing nonclinical and analytical drug discovery and development services primarily to the pharmaceutical and medical device industries and selling a range of research-quality animals and diets to the same industries as well as academia and government clients. Our products and services focus on bringing new drugs and medical devices through the discovery and preclinical phases of development, all while increasing efficiency, improving data, and reducing the cost of discovering and taking new drugs and medical devices to market. Inotiv is committed to supporting discovery and development objectives as well as helping researchers realize the full potential of their critical research and development projects, all while working together to build a healthier and safer world. We are dedicated to practicing high standards of laboratory animal care and welfare.

Through our DSA segment, we support the discovery, nonclinical development and clinical development needs of researchers and clinicians for primarily small molecule drug candidates, as well as biotherapeutics and biomedical devices. Our scientists have skills in analytical instrumentation development, chemistry, computer software development, histology, pathology, physiology, surgery, analytical chemistry, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology to make the services and products we provide increasingly valuable to our current and potential clients. Our principal clients are companies whose scientists are engaged in analytical chemistry, drug safety evaluation, clinical trials, drug metabolism studies, pharmacokinetics and basic research, from small start-up biotechnology companies to some of the largest global pharmaceutical companies.

Through our RMS segment, we offer access to a wide range of small and large purpose-bred animal research models for basic research and drug discovery and development, as well as specialized models for specific diseases and therapeutic areas, in addition to diet, bedding and enrichment products. We provide deep animal husbandry expertise and expanded access to scientists across the discovery and preclinical continuum, which can reduce nonclinical lead times and provide enhanced project delivery. In conjunction with our DSA business, we have the ability to run selected nonclinical studies directly on-site at closely located research model facilities and provide access to innovative genetically engineered models and services solutions. Our principal clients include biopharmaceutical companies, CROs, and academic and government organizations.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") applicable to a going concern. This presentation contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business and does not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described below.

On December 18, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC, as underwriter (the “Underwriter”), relating to the public offering of 6,000,000 common shares at a purchase price per share to the public of $4.25 (the “Offering Price”). Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the Underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 900,000 common shares at the Offering Price, less underwriting discounts and commissions, which option was exercised in full and closed on December 30, 2024. Net proceeds from the offering were $27,524 after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses paid by the Company. The Company has and intends to continue to use the net proceeds from the offering for working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $6,215 and access to a $15,000 revolving credit facility, which had no balance outstanding. The Company has requested a draw of $3,000 on its revolving credit facility, but has not yet received the funds as of the date of this report. Further, for the nine months ended June 30,

2025, the Company had negative operating cash flows, operating losses and net losses. If the Company's results of operations in the twelve months following the date of this report do not improve relative to the results of the first nine months of fiscal 2025, the Company will be at risk of non-compliance with its financial covenants under its Credit Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2021 (as amended through the date hereof, the "Credit Agreement").

If at any time in the twelve months following the date of this report the Company fails to comply with its financial covenants which remain unremedied for the period of time stipulated under the Credit Agreement, this would constitute an event of default under the Credit Agreement and the lenders may, among other remedies set out under the Credit Agreement, declare all or any portion of the outstanding principal amount of the borrowings plus accrued and unpaid interest to be immediately due and payable. Furthermore, if the lenders were to accelerate the loans under the Credit Agreement, such acceleration would constitute a default under our indentures governing the Company's Convertible Senior Notes (the "Notes") and the Company's 15.00% Senior Secured Second Lien PIK Notes due 2027 (the "Second Lien Notes") which, if not cured within 30 days following notice of such default from the trustee or holders of 25 percent of the Notes and from the trustee or holders of 30 percent of the Second Lien Notes, would permit the trustee or such holders to accelerate the Notes and the Second Lien Notes. If the loans under the Credit Agreement, the Notes and the Second Lien Notes are accelerated, the Company does not believe its existing cash and cash equivalents, together with cash generated from operations, would be sufficient to fund its operations, satisfy its obligations, including cash outflows for planned targeted capital expenditures, and repay the entirety of its outstanding senior term loans, repay the entirety of its outstanding Notes and repay the entirety of its outstanding Second Lien Notes. Additionally, access to the revolving credit facility would be restricted and such funds would not be available to pay for any operating activities.

On September 13, 2024, the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to the Credit Agreement, which among other changes, made certain changes to the component definitions of the financial covenants, including the definition of Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, and increased the cash netting capability in the First Lien Leverage Ratio covenant. Further, the Seventh Amendment included the addition of a maximum capital expenditure limit and a minimum EBITDA test effective as of the closing date for the testing periods of the six months ended December 31, 2024 and the nine months ended March 31, 2025, waived the existing financial covenants from the date of the Seventh Amendment until June 30, 2025, replaced the Secured Leverage Ratio covenant with a First Lien Leverage Ratio covenant, and established new testing ratios for the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and the First Lien Leverage Ratio covenants for the fiscal quarters beginning June 30, 2025 and thereafter. The Seventh Amendment also capped the reinvestment of funds from extraordinary receipts, asset sales and casualty events at $5,000 in the aggregate, and established a non-voting third party observer to the Company’s board of directors meetings, as elected by the lenders. In connection with the $5,000 capped reinvestment of funds from extraordinary receipts, asset sales and casualty events in the aggregate, during the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company made additional principal payments of $2,181 on the outstanding term loans. The Company was in compliance with the First Lien Leverage Ratio test and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio test for the testing period ended June 30, 2025.

Our evaluation of the Company's ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles entailed analyzing prospective fully implemented operating budgets and forecasts for expectations of our cash needs and comparing those needs to the current cash and cash equivalent balances in order to satisfy our obligations, including cash outflows for planned targeted capital expenditures, and to comply with minimum liquidity and financial covenant requirements under our debt covenants related to borrowings pursuant to our Credit Agreement for at least the next twelve months. This evaluation initially does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented and are outside of its control as of the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists under this methodology, we evaluate whether the mitigating effect of our plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of management’s plans, however, is only considered if both (1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

During the next twelve months, the Company plans to continue its efforts to optimize its capital allocation and expense base. Additionally, the Company's plan is to continue its efforts to improve its operating results through increases to non-human primate ("NHP")-related product and service revenue, including pre-selling NHP inventory, and increasing purchase orders for long-term colony management service contracts and our volume of discovery and safety assessment contract awards. The Company also continues to discuss its current business conditions with its lenders. In the event that the Company fails to comply with the requirements of the financial covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement, the Company has approximately 55 days subsequent to any fiscal quarter, and approximately 100 days subsequent to fiscal

year-end, to cure noncompliance (the "grace period"). Further, the Company has and may continue to seek additional financing and evaluate financing alternatives to meet its cash requirements for the next twelve months. There is no assurance that the Company’s lenders will agree to any amendment to the Credit Agreement, nor can there be any assurance that the Company would be able to raise additional capital, whether through selling additional equity or debt securities or obtaining a line of credit or other loan on terms acceptable to the Company or at all.

Management's operating plan forecasts compliance with the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement for the next twelve months. Although management believes that it will be able to implement its plan, there can be no assurances that its plan will prove successful. As a result, substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern exists.

The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP, and therefore should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 include all adjustments which are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods and of the Company’s financial position at June 30, 2025. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025.

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. These include, but are not limited to, management estimates in the calculation and timing of revenue recognition, pension liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities and the related valuation allowance. Although estimates are based upon management’s best estimate using historical experience, current events, and actions, actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by the Company, including all subsidiaries and prior to December 23, 2023, a variable interest entity (“VIE”) it previously consolidated in accordance with GAAP. During December 2023, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with Vanguard Supply Chain Solutions LLC, one of the Company's transportation providers, to enable the in-house integration of Inotiv’s North American transportation operations. Following this transaction, Inotiv was no longer required to consolidate this entity. The VIE has not materially impacted our net assets or net loss. The Company successfully completed the in-house integration of its North American transportation operations during the second fiscal quarter of 2024.

The Company accounted for noncontrolling interests in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation” (“ASC 810”). ASC 810 requires companies with noncontrolling interests to disclose such interests as a portion of equity but separate from the parent’s equity. The noncontrolling interests’ portion of net loss is presented on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance and assess potential future cash flows. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740)”. ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced disclosures on income taxes paid, adds disaggregation of continuing operations before income taxes between foreign and domestic earnings and defines specific categories for the reconciliation of jurisdictional tax rate to effective tax rate. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and can be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)”. ASU 2024-03 requires enhanced disclosures on disaggregated information about certain income statement line items in a tabular format in the notes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of trade receivables from clients in the biopharmaceutical, contract research, academic, and governmental sectors. The Company believes its exposure to credit risk is minimal, as the majority of the clients are predominantly well established and viable. Additionally, the Company maintains allowances for potential credit losses. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event that payment is not received for revenue recognized equals the outstanding trade receivables and contract assets less fees invoiced in advance.