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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Allocation of Income Taxes
The following table details the total income tax provision/(benefit) allocation for each respective period.
Year ended September 30,
$ in millions202320222021
Recorded in:
Net income$541 $513 $388 
Equity, arising from available-for-sale securities recorded through OCI3 (311)(32)
Equity, arising from cash flow hedges recorded through OCI
 24 
Equity, arising from currency translations, net of the impact of net investment hedges recorded through OCI
(4)23 (10)
Total provision for income taxes$540 $249 $354 
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
The following table details our provision/(benefit) for income taxes included in net income for each respective period.
Year ended September 30,
$ in millions202320222021
Current:
Federal$468 $406 $321 
State and local122 91 79 
Foreign39 32 25 
Total current$629 $529 $425 
Deferred:
Federal(59)(10)(28)
State and local(16)(3)(6)
Foreign(13)(3)(3)
Total deferred$(88)$(16)$(37)
Total provision for income taxes$541 $513 $388 
Reconciliation Between Income Tax Expense and the Amount Computed by Applying the Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate is detailed in the following table.
Year ended September 30,
202320222021
Provision calculated at statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income tax, net of federal benefit3.9 %3.6 %3.6 %
Nondeductible fines and penalties
0.8 %— %— %
Nondeductible executive compensation
0.6 %0.4 %0.3 %
Foreign tax rate differential0.4 %0.2 %0.2 %
General business tax credits (1)
(1.0)%(1.2)%(1.0)%
(Gains)/losses on company-owned life insurance policies which are not subject to tax(1.0)%1.8 %(1.8)%
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation
(0.9)%(1.1)%(0.2)%
Solar and LIHTC investment amortization, net of tax credits received (2)
(0.4)%— %— %
Change in uncertain tax positions
(0.1)%0.3 %(0.1)%
Other, net0.4 %0.4 %(0.3)%
Total provision for income tax
23.7 %25.4 %21.7 %

(1)    General business tax credits consist of credits related to foreign withholdings, research and development, wage credits, certain historic tax credits, certain LIHTC credits, and various state credits.
(2)    During the year ended September 30, 2023, we made an investment in a solar entity which qualified for tax credits and is accounted for under the proportional amortization method. For the year ended September 30, 2023, amortization of this investment, which was included in our provision for income taxes, was $86 million, and we recognized an offsetting $81 million of tax credits and $9 million of other tax benefits. The amortization of LIHTC investments accounted for under the proportional amortization method was $3 million for the year ended September 30, 2023, and the related offsetting tax credits received from LIHTC investments were $3 million. There was no such investment amortization in either of the years ended September 30, 2022 or 2021.
U.S. and Foreign Components of Income Before Income Taxes
The following table presents our U.S. and foreign components of pre-tax income for each respective period.
Year ended September 30,
$ in millions202320222021
U.S.$2,193 $1,907 $1,701 
Foreign87 115 90 
Pre-tax income$2,280 $2,022 $1,791 
Deferred Tax Asset/(Liability) Items
Deferred income taxes are provided for the effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the financial statements. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. The cumulative effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax asset/(liability) items are detailed in the following table.
September 30,
$ in millions20232022
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred compensation$338 $272 
Unrealized loss associated with available-for-sale securities310 343 
Allowances for credit losses
140 106 
Lease liabilities135 121 
Accrued expenses56 54 
Unrealized loss associated with loan portfolios46 34 
Net operating losses and credit carryforwards
19 
Unrealized loss associated with foreign currency translations5 27 
Other16 27 
Total deferred tax assets1,065 992 
Less: valuation allowance(5)(2)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
1,060 990 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Lease ROU assets
(141)(118)
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets(131)(126)
Property and equipment(68)(110)
Unrealized gain associated with cash flow hedges(16)(15)
Other(1)(5)
Total deferred tax liabilities(357)(374)
Net deferred tax assets$703 $616 
Classified as follows in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
Deferred income taxes, net$711 $630 
Other payables(8)(14)
Net deferred tax assets$703 $616 
The following table presents deferred tax assets and valuation allowances relating to carryforwards for the periods indicated.
Year ended September 30,
$ in millions20232022Expires beginning of fiscal year
Deferred tax asset:
U.S. Federal net operating losses (1)
$8 $Indefinitely
U.S. State net operating losses (1)
4 2026
Foreign net operating losses
7 2040
Total deferred tax asset related to carryforwards
$19 $
Valuation allowance:
U.S. Federal net operating losses
$1 $
U.S. State net operating losses
4 
Net valuation allowance
$5 $
(1)     Both the federal and state net operating loss carryfowards relate to separate company entity filings. As a result, these losses are not able to be utilized in our consolidated filings.
Aggregate Changes in Liability for Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following table presents the aggregate changes in the balances for uncertain tax positions.
Year ended September 30,
$ in millions202320222021
Uncertain tax positions beginning of year$43 $36 $45 
Increases for tax positions related to the current year5 
Increases for tax positions related to prior years
4 10 
Decreases for tax positions related to prior years(2)(1)(7)
Decreases due to lapsed statute of limitations(8)(7)(5)
Decreases related to settlements(1)— (4)
Uncertain tax positions end of year$41 $43 $36