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Segment Reporting
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting Segment Reporting
We have four reportable segments for management reporting purposes: GCB, SVB Private Bank, SVB Capital and SVB Securities. The results of our operating segments are based on our internal management reporting process.
Our GCB and SVB Private Bank segments primary source of revenue is from NII, which is primarily the difference between interest earned on loans, net of FTP and interest paid on deposits, net of FTP. Accordingly, these segments are reported using NII, net of FTP. FTP is an internal measurement framework designed to assess the financial impact of a financial institution’s sources and uses of funds. It is the mechanism by which an earnings credit is given for deposits raised, and an earnings charge is made for funded loans. FTP is calculated at an instrument level based on account characteristics.
We also evaluate performance based on provision for credit losses, noninterest income and noninterest expense, which are presented as components of segment operating profit or loss. In calculating each operating segment’s noninterest expense, we consider the direct costs incurred by the operating segment as well as certain allocated direct costs. As part of this review, we allocate certain corporate overhead costs to a corporate account. We do not allocate income tax expense or the provision for unfunded credit commitments (included in provision for credit losses) to our segments. Additionally, our management reporting model is predicated on average asset balances; therefore, period-end asset balances are not presented for segment reporting purposes. Changes in an individual client’s primary relationship designation have resulted, and in the future may result, in the inclusion of certain clients in different segments in different periods.
Unlike financial reporting, which benefits from the comprehensive structure provided by GAAP, our internal management reporting process is highly subjective, as there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our management reporting process measures the performance of our operating segments based on our internal operating structure, which is subject to change from time to time, and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for other financial services companies.
For reporting purposes, SVB Financial Group has four operating segments for which we report our financial information:
•Global Commercial Bank is comprised of results from the following:
◦Our Commercial Bank products and services are provided by the Bank and its subsidiaries to commercial clients in key innovation markets. The Bank provides solutions to the financial needs of commercial clients through credit, treasury management, foreign exchange, trade finance and other services. In addition, the Bank and its subsidiaries offer a variety of investment services and solutions to its clients that enable them to effectively manage their assets. 
◦Our Global Fund Banking provides banking products and services primarily to our private equity and venture capital clients.
◦SVB Wine provides banking products and services to our premium wine industry clients, including vineyard development loans. 
•SVB Private Bank is the private banking division of the Bank, which now includes the financial results of Boston Private effective July 1, 2021. SVB Private Bank provides a range of personal financial solutions for consumers. Our clients are primarily private equity/venture capital professionals and executive leaders of the innovation companies they support as well as high net worth clients acquired from Boston Private. We offer a customized suite of private banking services, including mortgages, home equity lines of credit, restricted and private stock loans, capital call lines of credit and other secured and unsecured lending products, as well as planning-based financial strategies, wealth management, family office, financial planning, tax planning and trust services. In addition, we provide real estate secured loans to eligible employees through our EHOP.
•SVB Capital is the funds management business of SVB Financial Group, which focuses primarily on venture capital investments. SVB Capital manages funds (primarily venture capital funds) on behalf of third-party limited partners and, on a more limited basis, SVB Financial Group. The SVB Capital family of funds is comprised of direct venture funds that invest in companies and funds of funds that invest in other venture capital funds. SVB Capital generates income for the Company primarily from investment returns (including carried interest allocations) and management fees.
•SVB Securities is an investment bank focused on the innovation economy and operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of SVB Financial Group. SVB Securities provides investment banking services across all major sub-sectors of Healthcare and Technology. Healthcare sub-sectors include Biopharma, Digital Health and HealthTech, Healthcare Services, Medical Devices and Tools and Diagnostics. SVB Securities launched Technology investment banking in 2021 and serves numerous Technology sub-sectors including Consumer Internet, Commerce Enablement and Marketing Software, Digital Infrastructure and Tech-Enabled Services, Education Technology, Enterprise Software, Industrial Technology and FinTech. SVB also expanded equity research coverage to include
Technology companies with the acquisition of MoffettNathanson LLC in 2021. SVB Securities focuses on four main product and service offerings: Capital Raising, M&A Advisory, Equity Research and Sales and Trading.
The summary financial results of our operating segments are presented along with a reconciliation to our consolidated results.
Our segment information for 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
(Dollars in millions)Global
Commercial
Bank (1)		SVB Private  
Bank		SVB Capital 
(1)  		SVB Securities (1)Other Items
(2)		Total      
Year ended December 31, 2021
Net interest income$2,946 $194 $— $1 $38 $3,179 
Provision for credit losses(55)(14)— — (54)(123)
Noninterest income708 56 487 608 879 2,738 
Noninterest expense (3)(1,277)(212)(71)(561)(949)(3,070)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (4)$2,322 $24 $416 $48 $(86)$2,724 
Total average loans, amortized cost$44,173 $8,958 $— $— $1,416 $54,547 
Total average assets (5) (6)141,393 10,140 700 830 12,948 166,011 
Total average deposits138,336 8,645 — — 966 147,947 
Year ended December 31, 2020
Net interest income$2,025 $77 $— $1 $54 $2,157 
Provision for credit losses(166)(21)— — (33)(220)
Noninterest income606 3 226 497 508 1,840 
Noninterest expense (3)(1,020)(46)(51)(379)(539)(2,035)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (4)$1,445 $13 $175 $119 $(10)$1,742 
Total average loans, amortized cost$31,218 $4,196 $— $— $1,852 $37,266 
Total average assets (5) (6)75,034 4,230 437 557 5,534 85,792 
Total average deposits72,127 2,172 — — 717 75,016 
Year ended December 31, 2019
Net interest income$1,850 $51 $— $1 $195 $2,097 
Provision for credit losses(92)(2)— — (13)(107)
Noninterest income638 4 122 264 193 1,221 
Noninterest expense (3)(875)(40)(31)(253)(402)(1,601)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (4)$1,521 $13 $91 $12 $(27)$1,610 
Total average loans, amortized cost$26,031 $3,341 $— $— $544 $29,916 
Total average assets (5)56,043 3,371 405 398 2,995 63,212 
Total average deposits53,054 1,524 — — 479 55,057 
(1)GCB’s, SVB Capital’s and SVB Securities' components of NII, noninterest income, noninterest expense and total average assets are shown net of noncontrolling interests for all periods presented. Noncontrolling interest is included within "Other Items."
(2)The "Other Items" column reflects the adjustments necessary to reconcile the results of the operating segments to the consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP. NII consists primarily of interest earned from our fixed income investment portfolio, net of FTP. Noninterest income consists primarily of gains or losses on equity warrant assets, gains or losses on the sale of AFS securities and gains or losses on equity securities from exercised warrant assets. Noninterest expense consists primarily of expenses associated with corporate support functions such as finance, human resources, marketing, legal and other expenses.
(3)The GCB segment includes direct depreciation and amortization of $34 million, $25 million and $20 million for December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(4)The internal reporting model used by management to assess segment performance does not calculate income tax expense by segment. Our effective tax rate is a reasonable approximation of the segment rates.
(5)Total average assets equal the greater of total average assets or the sum of total average liabilities and total average stockholders’ equity for each segment to reconcile the results to the consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP.