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Segment Reporting (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting
Our segment information for 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Global
Commercial
Bank (1)
 
SVB Private  
Bank
 
SVB Capital 
(1)  
 
SVB Leerink (1)
 
Other Items
(2)
 
Total      
Year ended December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
1,850,391

 
$
51,022

 
$
38

 
$
1,252

 
$
193,898

 
$
2,096,601

Provision for credit losses
 
(91,814
)
 
(2,369
)
 
—

 
—

 
(12,233
)
 
(106,416
)
Noninterest income
 
637,922

 
3,366

 
122,394

 
264,516

 
193,281

 
1,221,479

Noninterest expense (3)
 
(874,854
)
 
(40,151
)
 
(30,798
)
 
(252,678
)
 
(402,781
)
 
(1,601,262
)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (4)
 
$
1,521,645

 
$
11,868

 
$
91,634

 
$
13,090

 
$
(27,835
)
 
$
1,610,402

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
26,031,284

 
$
3,341,188

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
543,735

 
$
29,916,207

Total average assets (5) (6)
 
56,043,321

 
3,371,052

 
405,152

 
397,650

 
2,994,455

 
63,211,630

Total average deposits
 
53,053,665

 
1,524,232

 
—

 
—

 
479,053

 
55,056,950

Year ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
1,623,488

 
$
64,902

 
$
23

 
$
—

 
$
205,575

 
$
1,893,988

Provision for credit losses
 
(80,953
)
 
(3,339
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3,578
)
 
(87,870
)
Noninterest income (7)
 
520,302

 
2,281

 
101,181

 
—

 
121,220

 
744,984

Noninterest expense (3)
 
(793,159
)
 
(25,064
)
 
(22,792
)
 
—

 
(347,178
)
 
(1,188,193
)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (4)
 
$
1,269,678

 
$
38,780

 
$
78,412

 
$
—

 
$
(23,961
)
 
$
1,362,909

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
22,354,305

 
$
2,850,271

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
425,944

 
$
25,630,520

Total average assets (5) (8)
 
48,854,416

 
2,871,743

 
380,543

 
—

 
3,122,358

 
55,229,060

Total average deposits
 
46,039,570

 
1,502,308

 
—

 
—

 
533,466

 
48,075,344

Year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
1,274,366

 
$
58,131

 
$
48

 
$
—

 
$
87,824

 
$
1,420,369

Provision for credit losses
 
(81,553
)
 
(4,386
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6,365
)
 
(92,304
)
Noninterest income (7)
 
392,101

 
2,175

 
58,992

 
—

 
103,963

 
557,231

Noninterest expense (3)
 
(707,666
)
 
(17,693
)
 
(19,340
)
 
—

 
(265,956
)
 
(1,010,655
)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (4)
 
$
877,248

 
$
38,227

 
$
39,700

 
$
—

 
$
(80,534
)
 
$
874,641

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
18,479,793

 
$
2,423,078

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
256,523

 
$
21,159,394

Total average assets (5) (8)
 
43,704,667

 
2,445,220

 
325,939

 
—

 
1,904,446

 
48,380,272

Total average deposits
 
41,043,731

 
1,303,542

 
—

 
—

 
397,875

 
42,745,148

 
(1)
Global Commercial Bank’s, SVB Capital’s and SVB Leerink's components of net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and total average assets are shown net of noncontrolling interests for all periods presented. Noncontrolling interest is included within "Other Items."
(2)
The "Other Items" column reflects the adjustments necessary to reconcile the results of the operating segments to the consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP. Net interest income consists primarily of interest
earned from our fixed income investment portfolio, net of FTP. Noninterest income consists primarily of gains on equity warrant assets and gains or losses on the sale of fixed income investments and equity securities from exercised warrant assets. Noninterest expense consists primarily of expenses associated with corporate support functions such as finance, human resources, marketing, legal and other expenses.
(3)
The Global Commercial Bank segment includes direct depreciation and amortization of $20.4 million, $21.8 million and $25.3 million for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(4)
The internal reporting model used by management to assess segment performance does not calculate income tax expense by segment. Our effective tax rate is a reasonable approximation of the segment rates.
(5)
Total average assets equal the greater of total average assets or the sum of total average liabilities and total average stockholders’ equity for each segment to reconcile the results to the consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP.