Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Hierarchy Tables Present Information about Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016:



(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at December 31, 2016
Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	8,909,491	$	—	$	—	$	8,909,491
U.S. agency debentures	—		2,078,375		—		2,078,375
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - fixed rate	—		1,152,665		—		1,152,665
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - variable rate	—		474,283		—		474,283
Equity securities	175		5,422		—		5,597
Total available-for-sale securities	8,909,666		3,710,745		—		12,620,411
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
Non-marketable securities:
Venture capital and private equity fund investments measured at net asset value	—		—		—		141,649
Other venture capital investments (1)	—		—		2,040		2,040
Other securities (1)	753		—		—		753
Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting)	753		—		2,040		144,442
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	—		810		—		810
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts	—		68,027		—		68,027
Equity warrant assets	—		2,310		128,813		131,123
Client interest rate derivatives	—		10,110		—		10,110
Total assets	$	8,910,419	$	3,792,002	$	130,853	$	12,974,923
Liabilities
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts	$	—	$	54,668	$	—	$	54,668
Client interest rate derivatives	—		9,770		—		9,770
Total liabilities	$	—	$	64,438	$	—	$	64,438


(1)	Included in Level 1 and Level 3 assets are $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively, attributable to noncontrolling interests calculated based on the ownership percentages of the noncontrolling interests.

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015:



(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at December 31, 2015
Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	11,678,035	$	—	$	—	$	11,678,035
U.S. agency debentures	—		2,690,029		—		2,690,029
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - fixed rate	—		1,399,279		—		1,399,279
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - variable rate	—		607,936		—		607,936
Equity securities	4,517		952		—		5,469
Total available-for-sale securities	11,682,552		4,698,196		—		16,380,748
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
Non-marketable securities:
Venture capital and private equity fund investments measured at net asset value	—		—		—		152,237
Other venture capital investments (1)	—		—		2,040		2,040
Other securities (1)	548		—		—		548
Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting)	548		—		2,040		154,825
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	—		2,768		—		2,768
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts	—		31,237		—		31,237
Equity warrant assets	—		1,937		135,168		137,105
Client interest rate derivatives	—		3,973		—		3,973
Total assets	$	11,683,100	$	4,738,111	$	137,208	$	16,710,656
Liabilities
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts	$	—	$	26,353	$	—	$	26,353
Client interest rate derivatives	—		4,384		—		4,384
Total liabilities	$	—	$	30,737	$	—	$	30,737


(1)	Included in Level 1 and Level 3 assets are $0.4 million and $1.8 million, respectively, attributable to noncontrolling interests calculated based on the ownership percentages of the noncontrolling interests.

Additional Information about Level 3 Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively:



(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses), net Included in Income			Purchases		Sales			Issuances		Distributions and Other Settlements			Transfers Out of Level 3			Ending Balance
Year ended December 31, 2016:
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
Other venture capital investments (1)	$	2,040	$	(21	)	$	—	$	(4	)	$	—	$	25		$	—		$	2,040
Other assets:
Equity warrant assets (2)	135,168		38,091			—		(56,643		)	13,405		—			(1,208		)	128,813
Total assets	$	137,208	$	38,070		$	—	$	(56,647	)	$	13,405	$	25		$	(1,208	)	$	130,853
Year ended December 31, 2015:
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
Other venture capital investments (1) (3)	$	3,291	$	1,192		$	—	$	(2,356	)	$	—	$	(87	)	$	—		$	2,040
Other assets:
Equity warrant assets (2)	114,698		71,402			—		(61,044		)	12,534		—			(2,422		)	135,168
Total assets	$	117,989	$	72,594		$	—	$	(63,400	)	$	12,534	$	(87	)	$	(2,422	)	$	137,208
Year ended December 31, 2014:
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
Other venture capital investments	$	32,839	$	12,793		$	51,407	$	(20,362	)	$	—	$	(5,347	)	$	(126	)	$	71,204
Other securities (fair value accounting)	319,249		103,864			—		(46,840		)	—		3,863			(380,136		)	—
Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting) (1)	352,088		116,657			51,407		(67,202		)	—		(1,484		)	(380,262		)	71,204
Other assets:
Equity warrant assets (2)	99,891		71,516			—		(70,875		)	15,886		—			(1,720		)	114,698
Total assets	$	451,979	$	188,173		$	51,407	$	(138,077	)	$	15,886	$	(1,484	)	$	(381,982	)	$	185,902


(1)	Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are recorded in the line item “Gains on investment securities, net”, a component of noninterest income.


(2)	Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are recorded on the line item “Gains on derivative instruments, net”, a component of noninterest income.


(3)	Beginning balance was adjusted to conform with our adoption of the new accounting standards (ASU 2015-02), Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (Topic 820).

Unrealized Gains Included in Earnings Attributable to Level 3 Assets Held

The following table presents the amount of unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings (which is inclusive of noncontrolling interest) attributable to Level 3 assets still held at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively:



	Year ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2016		2015
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
Other venture capital investments (1)	$	1,739	$	(177	)
Other assets:
Equity warrant assets (2)	14,502		32,576
Total unrealized gains, net	$	16,241	$	32,399
Unrealized gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests	$	1,553	$	(158	)


(1)	Unrealized gains are recorded on the line item “gains on investment securities, net”, a component of noninterest income.


(2)	Unrealized gains are recorded on the line item “gains on derivative instruments, net”, a component of noninterest income.

Quantitative Information About Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for certain of our Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2016 and 2015. We have not included in this table our venture capital and private equity fund investments (fair value accounting) as we use net asset value per share (as obtained from the general partners of the investments) as a practical expedient to determine fair value.



(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Weighted Average
December 31, 2016:
Other venture capital investments (fair value accounting)	$	2,040	Private company equity pricing	(1)	(1)
Equity warrant assets (public portfolio)	764		Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model	Volatility	46.6	%
				Risk-Free interest rate	2.1
				Sales restrictions discount (2)	17.7
Equity warrant assets (private portfolio)	128,049		Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model	Volatility	36.9
				Risk-Free interest rate	1.3
				Marketability discount (3)	17.1
				Remaining life assumption (4)	45.0
December 31, 2015:
Other venture capital investments (fair value accounting)	$	2,040	Private company equity pricing	(1)	(1)
Equity warrant assets (public portfolio)	1,786		Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model	Volatility	38.1	%
				Risk-Free interest rate	2.1
				Sales restrictions discount (2)	18.0
Equity warrant assets (private portfolio)	133,382		Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model	Volatility	36.0
				Risk-Free interest rate	1.1
				Marketability discount (3)	16.6
				Remaining life assumption (4)	45.0

(1)

In determining the fair value of our other venture capital investment portfolio, we evaluate a variety of factors related to each underlying private portfolio company including, but not limited to, actual and forecasted results, cash position, recent or planned transactions and market comparable companies. Additionally, we have ongoing communication with the portfolio companies and venture capital fund managers, to determine whether there is a material change in fair value. We use company provided valuation reports, if available, to support our valuation assumptions. These factors are specific to each portfolio company and a weighted average or range of values of the unobservable inputs is not meaningful.


(2)	We adjust quoted market prices of public companies which are subject to certain sales restrictions. Sales restriction discounts generally range from 10 percent to 20 percent depending on the duration of the sales restrictions which typically range from three to six months.

(3)

Our marketability discount is applied to all private company warrants to account for a general lack of liquidity due to the private nature of the associated underlying company. The quantitative measure used is based on long-run averages and is influenced over time by various factors, including market conditions. On a quarterly basis, a sensitivity analysis is performed on our marketability discount.

(4)

We adjust the contractual remaining term of private company warrants based on our best estimate of the actual remaining life, which we determine by utilizing historical data on cancellations and exercises. At December 31, 2016, the weighted average contractual remaining term was 5.9 years, compared to our estimated remaining life of 2.6 years. On a quarterly basis, a sensitivity analysis is performed on our remaining life assumption.

Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The following fair value hierarchy table presents the estimated fair values of our financial instruments that are not carried at fair value at December 31, 2016 and 2015:



			Estimated Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2016:
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,545,750	$	2,545,750	$	2,545,750	$	—	$	—
Held-to-maturity securities	8,426,998		8,376,138		—		8,376,138		—
Non-marketable securities (cost and equity method accounting) not measured at net asset value	120,037		127,343		—		—		127,343
Non-marketable securities (cost and equity method accounting) measured at net asset value (1)	245,626		353,870		—		—		—
Net commercial loans	17,518,430		17,811,356		—		—		17,811,356
Net consumer loans	2,156,148		2,199,501		—		—		2,199,501
FHLB and FRB stock	57,592		57,592		—		—		57,592
Accrued interest receivable	111,222		111,222		—		111,222		—
Financial liabilities:
Short-term FHLB advances	500,000		500,000		500,000		—		—
Other short-term borrowings	12,668		12,668		12,668		—		—
Non-maturity deposits (2)	38,923,750		38,923,750		38,923,750		—		—
Time deposits	56,118		55,949		—		55,949		—
3.50% Senior Notes	346,979		337,600		—		337,600		—
5.375% Senior Notes	347,586		378,777		—		378,777		—
6.05% Subordinated Notes (3)	46,646		47,489		—		47,489		—
7.0% Junior Subordinated Debentures	54,493		53,140		—		53,140		—
Accrued interest payable	12,013		12,013		—		12,013		—
Off-balance sheet financial assets:
Commitments to extend credit	—		22,074		—		—		22,074
December 31, 2015:
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,503,257	$	1,503,257	$	1,503,257	$	—	$	—
Held-to-maturity securities	8,790,963		8,758,622		—		8,758,622		—
Non-marketable securities (cost and equity method accounting) not measured at net asset value	114,795		117,172		—		—		117,172
Non-marketable securities (cost and equity method accounting) measured at net asset value (1)	250,970		364,799		—		—		—
Net commercial loans	14,763,302		14,811,588		—		—		14,811,588
Net consumer loans	1,761,155		1,737,960		—		—		1,737,960
FHLB and FRB stock	56,991		56,991		—		—		56,991
Accrued interest receivable	107,604		107,604		—		107,604		—
Financial liabilities:
Short-term FHLB advances	638,000		638,000		638,000
Federal funds purchased	135,000		135,000		135,000
Other short-term borrowings	1,900		1,900		1,900		—		—
Non-maturity deposits (2)	39,072,297		39,072,297		39,072,297		—		—
Time deposits	70,479		70,347		—		70,347		—
3.50% Senior Notes	346,667		333,648		—		333,648		—
5.375% Senior Notes	347,016		384,216		—		384,216		—
6.05% Subordinated Notes (3)	48,350		49,820		—		49,820		—
7.0% Junior Subordinated Debentures	54,669		52,905		—		52,905		—
Accrued interest payable	12,058		12,058		—		12,058		—
Off-balance sheet financial assets:
Commitments to extend credit	—		26,483		—		—		26,483


(1)	In accordance with the accounting standard (ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.


(2)	Includes noninterest-bearing demand deposits, interest-bearing checking accounts, money market accounts and interest-bearing sweep deposits.


(3)	At December 31, 2016 and 2015, included in the carrying value and estimated fair value of our 6.05% Subordinated Notes was $0.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively, related to hedge accounting associated with the notes.

Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Investments and Remaining Unfunded Commitments for Each Major Category of Investments

The following table is a summary of the estimated fair values of these investments and remaining unfunded commitments for each major category of these investments as of December 31, 2016:



(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Unfunded Commitments
Non-marketable securities (fair value accounting):
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (1)	$	141,649	$	141,649	$	4,504
Non-marketable securities (equity method accounting):
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (2)	82,823		82,823		4,953
Debt funds (2)	17,020		18,187		—
Other investments (2)	31,177		31,180		715
Non-marketable securities (cost method accounting):
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (2)	114,606		221,680		10,008
Total	$	387,275	$	495,519	$	20,180

(1)

Venture capital and private equity fund investments within non-marketable securities (fair value accounting) include investments made by our managed funds of funds and one of our direct venture funds. These investments represent investments in venture capital and private equity funds that invest primarily in U.S. and global technology and life science/healthcare companies. Included in the fair value and unfunded commitments of fund investments under fair value accounting are $101 million and $3 million, respectively, attributable to noncontrolling interests. It is estimated that we will receive distributions from the fund investments over the next 10 to 13 years, depending on the age of the funds and any potential extensions of terms of the funds.

(2)

Venture capital and private equity fund investments, debt funds, and other fund investments within non-marketable securities (equity and cost method accounting) include funds that invest in or lend money to primarily U.S. and global technology and life science/healthcare companies. It is estimated that we will receive distributions from the funds over the next 10 to 13 years, depending on the age of the funds and any potential extensions of the terms of the funds.