Allowance for Credit Losses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

We maintain an ACL at a level determined to be adequate to absorb estimated expected credit losses within the loan portfolio over the contractual life of an instrument that considers our historical loss experience, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. We develop and document a systematic ACL methodology based on the following portfolio segments: 1) Commercial Real Estate, or CRE, 2) Commercial and Industrial, or C&I, 3) Commercial Construction, 4) Business Banking, 5) Consumer Real Estate and 6) Other Consumer.

The following are key risks within each portfolio segment:

CRE—Loans secured by commercial purpose real estate, including both owner-occupied properties and investment properties for various purposes such as hotels, retail, multifamily and health care. Operations of the individual projects and global cash flows of the debtors are the primary sources of repayment for these loans. The condition of the local economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the collateral type and the business prospects of the lessee, if the project is not owner-occupied.

C&I—Loans made to operating companies or manufacturers for the purpose of production, operating capacity, accounts receivable, inventory or equipment financing. Cash flow from the operations of the company is the primary source of repayment for these loans. The condition of the local economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the industry of the company. Collateral for these types of loans often does not have sufficient value in a distressed or liquidation scenario to satisfy the outstanding debt.

Commercial Construction—Loans made to finance construction of buildings or other structures, as well as to finance the acquisition and development of raw land for various purposes. While the risk of these loans is generally confined to the construction/development period, if there are problems, the project may not be completed, and as such, may not provide sufficient cash flow on its own to service the debt or have sufficient value in a liquidation to cover the outstanding principal. The condition of the local economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the type of project and the experience and resources of the developer.

Business Banking—Commercial purpose loans made to small businesses that are standard, non-complex products evaluated through a streamlined credit approval process that has been designed to maximize efficiency while maintaining high credit quality standards that meet small business market customers’ needs. The business banking portfolio is monitored by utilizing a standard and closely managed process focusing on behavioral and performance criteria. The condition of the local economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the collateral type and business.

Consumer Real Estate—Loans secured by first and second liens such as home equity loans, home equity lines of credit and 1-4 family residential mortgages, including purchase money mortgages. The primary source of repayment for these loans is the income and assets of the borrower. The condition of the local economy, in particular the unemployment rate, is an important indicator of risk for this segment. The state of the local housing market can also have a significant impact on this segment because low demand and/or declining home values can limit the ability of borrowers to sell a property and satisfy the debt.

Other Consumer—Loans made to individuals that may be secured by assets other than 1-4 family residences, as well as unsecured loans. This segment includes auto loans and unsecured loans and lines of credit. The primary source of repayment for these loans is the income and assets of the borrower. The condition of the local economy, in particular the unemployment rate, is an important indicator of risk for this segment. The value of the collateral, if there is any, is less likely to be a source of repayment due to less certain collateral values.

Management monitors various credit quality indicators for the commercial, business banking and consumer loan portfolios, including changes in risk ratings, nonperforming status and delinquency on a monthly basis.

We monitor the commercial loan portfolio through an internal risk rating system. Loan risk ratings are assigned based upon the creditworthiness of the borrower and are reviewed on an ongoing basis according to our internal policies. Loans within the pass rating generally have a lower risk of loss than loans risk rated as special mention or substandard.

Our risk ratings are consistent with regulatory guidance and are as follows:

Pass—The loan is currently performing and is of high quality.

Special Mention—A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that warrant management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or in the strength of our credit position at some future date.

Substandard—A substandard loan is not adequately protected by the net worth and/or paying capacity of the borrower or by the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful—Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following tables present loan balances by year of origination and internally assigned risk rating for our portfolio segments as of the dates presented:


	June 30, 2022
	Risk Rating
(dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and Prior		Revolving		Revolving-Term		Total

Commercial Real Estate
Pass	$	179,496	$	359,214	$	296,299	$	432,058	$	284,614	$	804,236	$	22,509	$	—	$	2,378,426
Special mention	—		—		—		8,569		7,391		116,973		—		—		132,933
Substandard	—		3,240		1,331		13,771		15,984		80,309		—		—		114,635
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		10		—		—		10
Total Commercial Real Estate	179,496		362,454		297,630		454,398		307,989		1,001,528		22,509		—		2,626,004

Commercial and Industrial
Pass	100,561		340,453		101,459		81,813		70,673		145,354		589,993		—		1,430,306
Special mention	—		42		—		3,898		2,185		215		7,721		—		14,061
Substandard	—		—		—		14,057		1,286		2,120		17,756		—		35,219
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial and Industrial	100,561		340,495		101,459		99,768		74,144		147,689		615,470		—		1,479,586

Commercial Construction
Pass	56,592		153,742		63,832		58,690		4,656		3,222		26,591		—		367,325
Special mention	—		—		—		19,077		—		4,389		—		—		23,466
Substandard	—		—		2,142		480		4		1,918		—		—		4,544
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial Construction	56,592		153,742		65,974		78,247		4,660		9,529		26,591		—		395,335

Business Banking
Pass	142,538		248,994		96,053		121,959		91,817		311,935		108,301		538		1,122,135
Special mention	—		92		250		2,904		2,972		5,144		179		110		11,651
Substandard	—		—		2,836		2,194		3,097		18,131		152		594		27,004
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Business Banking	142,538		249,086		99,139		127,057		97,886		335,210		108,632		1,242		1,160,790

Consumer Real Estate
Pass	146,031		148,128		96,856		78,335		32,192		207,827		510,231		21,874		1,241,474
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		910		—		—		910
Substandard	39		80		138		285		1,364		11,077		942		2,943		16,868
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer Real Estate	146,070		148,208		96,994		78,620		33,556		219,814		511,173		24,817		1,259,252

Other Consumer
Pass	12,242		13,787		7,201		4,948		1,898		1,051		77,282		1,489		119,898
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		12		4		—		2		1		—		10		29
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Other Consumer	12,242		13,799		7,205		4,948		1,900		1,052		77,282		1,499		119,927

Pass	637,460		1,264,318		661,700		777,803		485,850		1,473,625		1,334,907		23,901		6,659,564
Special mention	—		134		250		34,448		12,548		127,631		7,900		110		183,021
Substandard	39		3,332		6,451		30,787		21,737		113,556		18,850		3,547		198,299
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		10		—		—		10
Total Loan Balance	$	637,499	$	1,267,784	$	668,401	$	843,038	$	520,135	$	1,714,822	$	1,361,657	$	27,558	$	7,040,894


	December 31, 2021
	Risk Rating
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and Prior		Revolving		Revolving-Term		Total

Commercial Real Estate
Pass	$	385,347	$	316,003	$	412,191	$	314,303	$	213,019	$	698,992	$	35,448	$	—	$	2,375,303
Special mention	—		—		37,786		6,401		40,445		75,938		—		—		160,570
Substandard	—		1,356		18,743		14,039		12,555		106,461		1,500		—		154,654
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial Real Estate	385,347		317,359		468,720		334,743		266,019		881,391		36,948		—		2,690,528

Commercial and Industrial
Pass	437,483		126,371		115,359		83,030		37,176		132,182		536,554		—		1,468,155
Special mention	46		—		3,060		2,546		72		832		8,887		—		15,443
Substandard	—		—		14,221		1,336		4,174		3,456		4,961		—		28,148
Doubtful	—		—		1,777		—		—		—		—		—		1,777
Total Commercial and Industrial	437,529		126,371		134,417		86,912		41,422		136,470		550,402		—		1,513,523

Commercial Construction
Pass	142,321		108,405		111,512		16,838		989		3,539		30,036		—		413,640
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		4,458		—		—		4,458
Substandard	—		2,157		2,020		—		—		2,480		—		—		6,657
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial Construction	142,321		110,562		113,532		16,838		989		10,477		30,036		—		424,755

Business Banking
Pass	257,264		107,791		141,411		110,586		79,187		293,215		107,093		443		1,096,990
Special mention	104		151		1,986		1,365		1,057		5,929		160		111		10,863
Substandard	41		106		1,579		3,277		1,645		19,591		977		625		27,841
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Business Banking	257,409		108,048		144,976		115,228		81,889		318,735		108,230		1,179		1,135,693

Consumer Real Estate
Pass	137,465		100,995		91,981		48,531		39,029		231,861		442,530		23,391		1,115,783
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		937		—		—		937
Substandard	—		—		184		1,625		1,355		5,664		876		1,161		10,865
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer Real Estate	137,465		100,995		92,165		50,156		40,384		238,462		443,406		24,552		1,127,585

Other Consumer
Pass	19,976		9,396		7,120		2,878		613		2,037		57,702		1,130		100,852
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	83		52		141		215		408		4,407		201		1,547		7,054
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Other Consumer	20,059		9,448		7,261		3,093		1,021		6,444		57,903		2,677		107,906


Pass	1,379,856		768,961		879,574		576,166		370,013		1,361,826		1,209,363		24,964		6,570,723
Special Mention	150		151		42,832		10,312		41,574		88,094		9,047		111		192,271
Substandard	124		3,671		36,888		20,492		20,137		142,059		8,515		3,333		235,219
Doubtful	—		—		1,777		—		—		—		—		—		1,777
Total Loan Balance	$	1,380,130	$	772,783	$	961,071	$	606,970	$	431,724	$	1,591,979	$	1,226,925	$	28,408	$	6,999,990

We monitor the delinquent status of the commercial and consumer portfolios on a monthly basis. Loans are considered nonperforming and placed on nonaccrual when interest and principal are 90 days or more past due or management has determined that a material deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition exists. The risk of loss is generally highest for nonperforming loans.

The following tables present loan balances by year of origination and performing and nonperforming status for our portfolio segments as of the dates presented:


	June 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and Prior		Revolving		Revolving-Term		Total

Commercial Real Estate
Performing	$	179,496	$	362,454	$	297,630	$	451,998	$	307,380	$	989,515	$	22,509	$	—	$	2,610,982
Nonperforming	—		—		—		2,400		609		12,013		—		—		15,022
Total Commercial Real Estate	179,496		362,454		297,630		454,398		307,989		1,001,528		22,509		—		2,626,004

Commercial and Industrial
Performing	100,561		340,495		101,459		99,768		74,087		147,634		615,240		—		1,479,244
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		57		55		230		—		342
Total Commercial and Industrial	100,561		340,495		101,459		99,768		74,144		147,689		615,470		—		1,479,586

Commercial Construction
Performing	56,592		153,742		65,974		77,767		4,660		9,145		26,591		—		394,471
Nonperforming	—		—		—		480		—		384		—		—		864
Total Commercial Construction	56,592		153,742		65,974		78,247		4,660		9,529		26,591		—		395,335

Business Banking
Performing	142,538		249,086		99,139		126,702		96,028		329,746		108,530		1,114		1,152,883
Nonperforming	—		—		—		355		1,858		5,464		102		128		7,907
Total Business Banking	142,538		249,086		99,139		127,057		97,886		335,210		108,632		1,242		1,160,790

Consumer Real Estate
Performing	146,070		148,208		96,073		78,369		33,317		214,842		511,065		23,924		1,251,868
Nonperforming	—		—		921		251		239		4,972		108		893		7,384
Total Consumer Real Estate	146,070		148,208		96,994		78,620		33,556		219,814		511,173		24,817		1,259,252

Other Consumer
Performing	12,242		13,799		7,080		4,948		1,900		921		77,282		1,499		119,671
Nonperforming	—		—		125		—		—		131		—		—		256
Total Other Consumer	12,242		13,799		7,205		4,948		1,900		1,052		77,282		1,499		119,927

Performing	637,499		1,267,784		667,355		839,552		517,372		1,691,803		1,361,217		26,537		7,009,119
Nonperforming	—		—		1,046		3,486		2,763		23,019		440		1,021		31,775
Total Loan Balance	$	637,499	$	1,267,784	$	668,401	$	843,038	$	520,135	$	1,714,822	$	1,361,657	$	27,558	$	7,040,894


	December 31, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and Prior		Revolving		Revolving-Term		Total

Commercial Real Estate
Performing	$	385,347	$	317,359	$	461,613	$	332,482	$	259,723	$	865,567	$	36,948	$	—	$	2,659,039
Nonperforming	—				7,107		2,261		6,296		15,824		—		—		31,488
Total Commercial Real Estate	385,347		317,359		468,720		334,743		266,019		881,391		36,948		—		2,690,528

Commercial and Industrial
Performing	437,529		126,371		123,944		86,852		38,540		136,427		548,622		—		1,498,285
Nonperforming	—		—		10,473		60		2,882		43		1,780		—		15,239
Total Commercial and Industrial	437,529		126,371		134,417		86,912		41,422		136,470		550,402		—		1,513,523

Commercial Construction
Performing	142,321		110,562		111,445		16,838		989		10,093		30,036		—		422,284
Nonperforming	—		—		2,087		—		—		384		—		—		2,471
Total Commercial Construction	142,321		110,562		113,532		16,838		989		10,477		30,036		—		424,755

Business Banking
Performing	257,368		107,984		144,689		113,820		81,195		311,673		108,202		1,122		1,126,052
Nonperforming	41		64		287		1,408		694		7,062		28		57		9,641
Total Business Banking	257,409		108,048		144,976		115,228		81,889		318,735		108,230		1,179		1,135,693

Consumer Real Estate
Performing	137,465		100,253		91,689		49,853		39,657		234,297		443,238		23,839		1,120,291
Nonperforming	—		742		476		303		727		4,165		168		713		7,294
Total Consumer Real Estate	137,465		100,995		92,165		50,156		40,384		238,462		443,406		24,552		1,127,585

Other Consumer
Performing	20,059		9,290		7,261		3,093		1,021		6,444		57,903		2,677		107,748
Nonperforming	—		158		—		—		—		—		—		—		158
Total Other Consumer	20,059		9,448		7,261		3,093		1,021		6,444		57,903		2,677		107,906

Performing	1,380,089		771,819		940,641		602,938		421,125		1,564,501		1,224,949		27,638		6,933,699
Nonperforming	41		964		20,430		4,032		10,599		27,478		1,976		770		66,291
Total Loan Balance	$	1,380,130	$	772,783	$	961,071	$	606,970	$	431,724	$	1,591,979	$	1,226,925	$	28,408	$	6,999,990

The following tables present the age analysis of past due loans segregated by class of loans as of the dates presented:


	June 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Non - performing		Total Past Due Loans		Total Loans
Commercial real estate	$	2,610,642	$	—	$	340	$	15,022	$	15,362	$	2,626,004
Commercial and industrial	1,478,546		698		—		342		1,040		1,479,586
Commercial construction	394,471		—		—		864		864		395,335
Business banking	1,150,781		674		1,428		7,907		10,009		1,160,790
Consumer real estate	1,250,221		1,050		597		7,384		9,031		1,259,252
Other consumer	119,370		225		76		256		557		119,927
Total	$	7,004,031	$	2,647	$	2,441	$	31,775	$	36,863	$	7,040,894


	December 31, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Non - performing		Total Past Due Loans		Total Loans
Commercial real estate	$	2,659,040	$	—	$	—	$	31,488	$	31,488	$	2,690,528
Commercial and industrial	1,497,755		529		—		15,239		15,768		1,513,523
Commercial construction	421,834		450		—		2,471		2,921		424,755
Business banking	1,124,748		813		491		9,641		10,945		1,135,693
Consumer real estate	1,117,074		1,087		2,130		7,294		10,511		1,127,585
Other consumer	107,492		206		50		158		414		107,906
Total(1)	$	6,927,943	$	3,085	$	2,671	$	66,291	$	72,047	$	6,999,990
(1) We had eight loans that were modified totaling $28.8 million under the CARES Act at December 31, 2021. These customers were not considered past due as a result of their delayed payments. Upon exiting the loan modification deferral program, the measurement of loan delinquency will resume where it left off upon entry into the program. Due to the modification program, this delinquency table may not accurately reflect the credit risk associated with these loans.

The following tables present loans on nonaccrual status by class of loan for the year-to-date periods presented:


	June 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning of Period Nonaccrual		End of Period Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance		Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual(1)
Commercial real estate	$	31,488	$	15,022	$	11,974	$	557
Commercial and industrial	15,239		342		—		84
Commercial construction	2,471		864		480		—
Business banking	9,641		7,907		1,326		136
Consumer real estate	7,294		7,384		—		132
Other consumer	158		256		—		—
Total	$	66,291	$	31,775	$	13,780	$	909

(1) Represents only cash payments received and applied to interest on nonaccrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2022.


	December 31, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning of Period Nonaccrual		End of Period Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance		Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual(1)
Commercial real estate	$	101,070	$	31,488	$	28,046	$	158
Commercial and industrial	16,985		15,239		5,707		74
Commercial construction	384		2,471		2,020		(28)
Business banking	17,122		9,641		1,696		427
Consumer real estate	11,117		7,294		—		496
Other consumer	96		158		—		1
Total	$	146,774	$	66,291	$	37,469	$	1,128

(1) Represents only cash payments received and applied to interest on nonaccrual loans for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.

The following tables present collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of the dates presented:


	June 30, 2022
	Type of Collateral
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Business Assets		Investment/Cash		Other
Commercial real estate	$	11,974	$	—	$	16	$	—
Commercial and industrial	—		690		—		—
Commercial construction	1,695		—		480		—
Business banking	795		1,210		—		—
Consumer real estate	598		—		—		—

Total	$	15,062	$	1,900	$	496	$	—


	December 31, 2021
	Type of Collateral
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Business Assets		Investment/Cash		Other
Commercial real estate	$	28,046	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial	259		4,905		—		10,473
Commercial construction	4,210		—		—		—
Business banking	910		1,636		—		—
Consumer real estate	1,031		—		—		—

Total	$	34,456	$	6,541	$	—	$	10,473

The following tables present activity in the ACL for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Construction		Business Banking		Consumer Real Estate		Other Consumer		Total Loans
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at beginning of period	$	48,903	$	22,237	$	5,329	$	11,497	$	9,118	$	2,831	$	99,915
Provision for credit losses on loans(1)	(3,678)		948		1,254		1,668		582		418		1,192
Charge-offs	(199)		(5,797)		—		(1,141)		(60)		(481)		(7,678)
Recoveries	288		4,138		—		133		33		74		4,666
Net Recoveries/(Charge-offs)	89		(1,659)		—		(1,008)		(27)		(407)		(3,012)
Balance at End of Period	$	45,314	$	21,526	$	6,583	$	12,157	$	9,673	$	2,842	$	98,095
(1) Excludes the provision for credits losses for unfunded commitments.


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Construction		Business Banking		Consumer Real Estate		Other Consumer		Total Loans
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at beginning of period	$	66,842	$	14,663	$	6,329	$	15,680	$	8,981	$	2,606	$	115,101

Provision for credit losses on loans(1)	2,937		225		(426)		(560)		(410)		243		2,008
Charge-offs	(7,558)		(473)		—		(410)		(76)		(221)		(8,737)
Recoveries	965		11		2		47		152		88		1,264
Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries	(6,594)		(462)		2		(363)		76		(132)		(7,473)
Balance at End of Period	$	63,186	$	14,426	$	5,905	$	14,756	$	8,647	$	2,717	$	109,636

(1) Excludes the provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments.


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Construction		Business Banking		Consumer Real Estate		Other Consumer		Total Loans
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at beginning of period	$	50,700	$	19,727	$	5,355	$	11,338	$	8,733	$	2,723	$	98,576
Provision for credit losses on loans(1)	(5,475)		768		1,227		2,207		1,010		758		495
Charge-offs	(199)		(5,798)		—		(1,746)		(138)		(780)		(8,661)
Recoveries	288		6,829		1		358		68		141		7,685
Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries	89		1,031		1		(1,388)		(70)		(639)		(976)
Balance at End of Period	$	45,314	$	21,526	$	6,583	$	12,157	$	9,673	$	2,842	$	98,095
(1) Excludes the provision for credits losses for unfunded commitments.


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Construction		Business Banking(1)		Consumer Real Estate		Other Consumer		Total Loans
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at beginning of period	$	65,656	$	16,100	$	7,239	$	15,917	$	10,014	$	2,686	$	117,612
Provision for credit losses on loans(1)	4,933		2,953		(1,337)		(46)		(1,254)		61		5,308
Charge-offs	(8,369)		(4,774)		—		(1,327)		(347)		(453)		(15,270)
Recoveries	965		148		3		213		234		423		1,985
Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries	(7,403)		(4,627)		3		(1,115)		(113)		(30)		(13,285)
Balance at End of Period	$	63,186	$	14,426	$	5,905	$	14,756	$	8,647	$	2,717	$	109,636
(1) Excludes the provision for credits losses for unfunded commitments.

The C&I portfolio included $11.7 million of loans originated under the PPP program at June 30, 2022 compared to $336.1 million for the same period in 2021. The PPP loans are 100 percent guaranteed by the SBA, therefore, we have not assigned any A