10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549  

FORM 10-K 

Mark one:
☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-12500

ISRAMCO, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	13-3145265
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1001 West Loop South, Suite 750, Houston Texas 77027

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

713-621-6785

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:

Common Stock, par value $0.01

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained in this Form, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of March 12, 2018, there were 2,717,648 shares of the Registrant’s common stock par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) outstanding. The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant at March 9, 2018, based on the last sale price of such equity reported on Nasdaq Market, was approximately $69.45 million.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

ISRAMCO, INC.

2017 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I
ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	5
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	14
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	27
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	27
ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	29
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	30
PART II
ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	31
ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	31
ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	32
ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	49
ITEM 8.	CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA	50
ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	50
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	50
ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	50
PART III
ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	51
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	51
ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	51
ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	51
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES & SERVICES	51
PART IV
ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	53

Special note regarding forward-looking statements

This report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, concerning, among other things, planned capital expenditures, potential increases in oil and natural gas production, the number of anticipated wells to be drilled in the future, future cash flows and borrowings, pursuit of potential acquisition opportunities, our financial position, business strategy and other plans and objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as “may,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “achievable,” “anticipate,” “will,” “continue,” “potential,” “should,” “could” and similar terms and phrases. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, they do involve certain assumptions, risks and uncertainties. The actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. One should consider carefully the statements under the “Risk Factors” section of this report and other sections of this report that describe factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following factors:

• the timing and extent of changes in prices for, and demand for, crude oil and condensate, NGLs, natural gas and related commodities;

• the possibility that the industry may be subject to future regulatory or legislative actions (including any additional taxes and changes in environmental regulation);

• the presence or recoverability of estimated oil and natural gas reserves and the actual future production rates and associated costs;

• the possibility that production decline rates for some of our oil and gas producing properties are greater than we expect;

• our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations, borrowings or other sources to enable us to fully develop our undeveloped acreage positions;

• the ability to replace oil and natural gas reserves;

• our ability to retain skilled operations personnel whom we would need in the event of an upturn in the demand for our services;

• environmental risks;

• drilling and operating risks;

• the loss of one or more of our larger customers;

• our ability to implement price increases or maintain pricing on our core services;

• exploration and development risks;

• competition, including competition for acreage in oil and gas producing areas and for experienced personnel;

• management’s ability to execute our plans to meet our goals;

• technological advances affecting energy consumption and energy supply;

• the collectability of our receivables;

• our ability to retain key members of senior management and key technical employees;

• industry capacity;

• employee turnover and our ability to replace or add qualified workers;

• severe weather impacts on our business;

• operating risks and the possibility that our insurance may not be adequate to cover all of our losses or liabilities;

• our ability to repay our debt when due;

• changes in domestic and global economic and business conditions that impact the demand for oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas;

• changes in domestic and global supplies of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids arising from economic and business conditions (including actions by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries);

• our ability to obtain goods and services, such as drilling rigs and tubulars, and access to adequate gathering systems and pipeline take-away capacity, to execute our drilling and development programs;

• general economic and regulatory conditions, whether internationally, nationally, or in the regional and local market areas in which we do business, may be less favorable than expected; and

• other economic, competitive, governmental, legislative, regulatory, geopolitical and technological factors that may negatively impact our business, operations or commodity prices.

Finally, our future results will depend upon various other risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those detailed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in this report. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this paragraph and elsewhere in this document. Other than as required under the securities laws, we do not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Isramco, Inc., (NASDAQ: ISRL) is a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1982 (hereinafter, “we”, the “Company” or “Isramco”). The Company together with its subsidiaries is an independent oil and natural gas company, engaged in the exploration, development and production of predominately oil and natural gas properties located onshore in the United States and offshore Israel. The Company also operates a production services company that provides a full range of onshore production services to oil companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies conducting operations in the United States.

We currently conduct our operations through two operating segments: our Exploration, Development and Production Segment and our Production Services Segment. The following is a description of these two operating segments. Financial information about our operating segments is included in Note 10, “Segment Information”, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplemental Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Exploration, Development and Production Segment

At December 31, 2017, our estimated total proved oil, natural gas reserves and natural gas liquids, as prepared by our independent reserve engineering firms, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. and Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc., were approximately 38,653 thousand barrels of oil equivalent (“MBOE”), consisting of 1,765 thousand barrels (MBbls) of oil, 216,451 million cubic feet (MMcf) of natural gas and 813 thousand barrels (MBbls) of natural gas liquids. Approximately 86.0% of our proved reserves were classified as proved developed (See Note 13, “Supplemental Oil and Gas Information”). Full year 2017 production averaged 3.78 MBOE/d compared to 3.80 MBOE/d in 2016. Tamar Field production share amounted to 2.46 MBOE/d out of total 3.78 MBOE/d compared to 2.35 MBOE/d in 2016.

United States

We, through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, are involved in oil and gas exploration, including the development, production and operation of wells in the United States. We own varying working interests in oil and gas wells in Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Utah and Colorado and currently serve as operator of approximately 422 producing wells located mainly in Texas and in New Mexico.

Israel

In 2007, we closed our branch in Israel in order to focus on our expanding presence in the United States. Despite the closure of that branch we retained certain overriding royalties in three oil and gas licenses located offshore Israel. These licenses granted by the government of Israel are known as the “Michal”, “Matan” and “Shimshon” Licenses.

In 2009, two natural gas discoveries, known as “Tamar” and “Dalit”, were made within the area covered by the Michal and Matan Licenses, respectively. In December 2009, the Israeli Petroleum Commissioner granted Noble Energy, Inc. (“Noble”) and its partners, (the “Tamar Consortium”), two leases (the “Tamar Lease” and the “Dalit Lease”). The Leases are scheduled to expire in December 2038 and cover the Tamar and Dalit gas fields (collectively the “Tamar Field”). The Tamar Field is approximately 95 kilometers off the coast of the Israel, in the Israel exclusive economic zone of the Eastern Mediterranean, with a water depth of approximately 1,700 meters.

We own all ownership units in Tamar Royalties LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. Tamar Royalties LLC owns an overriding royalty interest of 1.5375% before payout / 2.7375% after payout in the Tamar Field (collectively the “Tamar Royalty”). An overriding royalty interest is an ownership interest in the oil and gas leasehold estate equating to a certain percentage of production or production revenues, calculated free of the costs of production and development of the underlying lease(s), but subject to its proportionate share of certain post production costs. An overriding royalty interest is a non-possessory interest in the oil and gas leasehold estate and, accordingly, we have no control over the operations, drilling, expenses, timing, production, sales, or any other aspect of development or production of the Tamar Field.

Production from the Tamar Field commenced in March 2013. The Tamar Field is now operational and delivering natural gas to Israel. The natural gas flows from the Tamar Field through the world’s longest subsea tieback, more than 90 miles to the Tamar platform, and then to the Ashdod onshore terminal (AOT). 

5

With regard to the payout of the Tamar Field, a disagreement between the Company and Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership has emerged as to what costs should be included in the calculation of payout. In addition to actual costs for the development of the Tamar Field, Isramco, Negev 2 Limited Partnership has asserted that the following costs should be included in the calculation of payout: (i) Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership’s financing costs; (ii) the general and administrative expenses of Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership; (iii) the expected decommissioning costs of the Tamar Field; and (iv) expected future payments to be made in respect of the “Sheshinsky Levy” under Israeli law. The disagreement primarily stems from the fact that the agreements governing the creation of the Tamar Royalty were formulated in the 1980s and do not have a clear and unequivocal definition as to what costs should be included in the payout calculation. The Company currently believes that the total scope of the disagreement is approximately forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000). Under the terms of the agreements creating the Tamar Royalty, the dispute is subject to arbitration in Israel. The Company believes that the claims of Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership are erroneous and contrary to generally accepted industry practice. The Company expects that the matter will be favorably resolved through this arbitration process; however, the Company cannot be assured of a favorable result in this arbitration process.

The Tamar Consortium currently sells natural gas from the Tamar Field to the Israel Electric Corporation (“IEC”) and numerous other Israeli purchasers, including independent power producers, cogeneration facilities, local distribution companies and certain industrial companies. Currently, many of the Tamar Consortium’s gas purchase and sale agreements provide for sales at a 7 to 15 year term, while some contracts have extension options of up to 2 years. Depending on the specific contract, prices may vary and are based on an initial base price subject to price adjustment provisions, including price indexation and a price floor. The IEC contract provides for price reopeners (sometimes referred to as “price review” clauses) in the eighth and eleventh years of the contract, subject to limits on the amount of increase or decrease from the existing contractual price.

During year ended December 31, 2017, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to the Company amounted to 5,343,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,990 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.35 per Mcf and $47.46 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $28,781,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,907,000 of this revenue.

During year ended December 31, 2016, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to the Company amounted to 5,102,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,882 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.34 per Mcf and $37.48 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $27,462,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,866,000 of this revenue.

During year ended December 31, 2015, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to the Company amounted to 4,505,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,074 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.52 per Mcf and $46.53 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $25,151,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,665,000 of this revenue.

We have a third party reserve report from independent petroleum engineers, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. dated March 7, 2018 estimating reserves allocable to the Tamar Royalty as of December 31, 2017 (the “Tamar Reserve Report”). This reserve report estimates that by reason of the Company’s ownership of the Tamar Royalty, we have proven reserves estimated at 206.4 million cubic feet of natural gas and 268 thousand barrels of natural gas liquids. The Tamar Reserve Report indicates the undiscounted estimated future net revenue (after deduction of estimated production, ad valorem taxes and levy but before estimated income tax) for such reserves (paid out over time) to be $684.3 million. The Tamar Reserve Report estimates the net present worth of such reserves, discounted at 10% annual discount rate factor, at $331.7 million (See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements, “Supplemental Oil and Gas Information”). The gas price used to value the reserves in the Tamar Reserve Report is calculated in accordance with SEC rules based on the unweighted arithmetic price for each month within the 12-month period prior to December 31, 2017. The report indicates that there are no commercial oil deposits included as reserves.

The amount of proceeds we receive from the Tamar Royalty is contingent on a variety of factors including the timing of production and the price received. In the event of payout, the Tamar Royalty increases. Payout is the point when all the costs of leasing, drilling, producing and operating the leases have been recovered from lease production proceeds, as defined in the royalty agreements under which we acquired our interest.

As we do not control any of the factors affecting our rights to payments (time of production, price received, costs incurred) and as a result of the other risk factors as set forth below in “Risk Factors,” we cannot determine the amounts or timing of any payments we will receive or when payout is likely to occur, if ever. As discussed above, the determination of the occurrence of payout with respect to the Tamar Royalty is currently the subject of a disagreement with Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership. The Company believes that the disagreement will be resolved through a forthcoming arbitration process with Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership. Based on the reserves and anticipated production, the income from the Tamar Royalty is currently expected to be very significant to the Company for the foreseeable future.

6

Commercial production of the Tamar Field reserves is subject to numerous risks, including all of the typical risks associated with offshore oil and gas production. Commercial production of such reserves is also subject to additional risks that may be unique to the Tamar Field. These include:

● There has been no previous large scale production of natural gas from offshore Israel. Therefore, there may be geological, geophysical, or other unforeseen problems unique to offshore Israel that could affect production. In addition, because of the lack of comparable production history for this part of offshore Israel, the length of time that large scale production from offshore Israel can be sustained is uncertain.

● There has been significant political upheaval and unrest in the Middle East, particularly in Syria. In addition, there is considerable hostility between Israel and other countries in the region. Accordingly, there is significant risk that production from the Tamar Field may be delayed, diminished, or prevented by virtue of war, acts of terrorism, or other similar or dissimilar events of force majeure.

● The market for natural gas in Israel exists, but the financial ability of customers of the Tamar Consortium to take and pay for material amounts of such natural gas remains unclear. It is uncertain that existing customers and markets are capable of buying all of the anticipated production from the Tamar Field.

● The Israel Antitrust Authority continues to monitor the Israeli natural gas market, including Noble and the Tamar Consortium, and could impose additional regulations or requirements on the Noble or the Tamar Consortium which could include a requirement to divest of some or all of their ownership or require all or any of them to separately market their proportionate share of production.

As noted above, the Company owns an interest in the Shimshon license located offshore Israel.  In April of 2012, a well was drilled in the area covered by the Shimshon license, which has been recognized as a commercial discovery by the Israeli government. The Shimshon partners submitted an application to convert the Shimshon license to a lease. Terms of the lease are in discussion with the Israeli government’s Ministry of Energy and Water Resources. As of December 31, 2017 there were no estimated recoverable reserves.

Production Services Segment

The Company began production services operations in September 2011. Our production servicing rig and truck fleet provides a range of production services, including the completion of newly-drilled wells, maintenance and workover of existing wells, fluid transportation, related oilfield services and plugging and abandonment of wells at the end of their useful lives to a diverse group of oil and gas exploration and production companies.

●   Completion Services. Newly drilled wells require completion services to prepare the well for production. Production servicing rigs are frequently used to complete newly drilled wells to minimize the use of higher cost drilling rigs in the completion process. The completion process may involve selectively perforating the well casing in the productive zones to allow oil or gas to flow into the well bore, stimulating and testing these zones, and installing the production string and other downhole equipment. The completion process typically ranges from a few days to several weeks, depending on the nature and type of the completion, and generally requires additional auxiliary equipment in addition to a production services rigs. The demand for completion services is directly related to drilling activity levels, which are sensitive to fluctuations in oil and gas prices.

●   Well-servicing/Maintenance Services. We provide maintenance services on the mechanical apparatus used to pump or lift oil from producing wells. These services include, among other activities, repairing and replacing pumps, sucker rods and tubing. We provide the rigs, equipment and crews for these tasks, which are performed on both oil and natural gas wells, but which are more commonly required on oil wells. Maintenance services typically take less than 48 hours to complete. Rigs generally are provided to customers on a call-out basis.

●   Workover Services. Producing oil and natural gas wells occasionally require major repairs or modifications, called “workovers.” Workovers may be required to remedy failures, modify well depth and formation penetration to capture hydrocarbons from alternative formations, clean out and recomplete a well when production has declined, repair leaks or convert a depleted well to an injection well for secondary or enhanced recovery projects. Workovers normally are carried out with pumps and tanks for drilling fluids, blowout preventers, and other specialized equipment for servicing rigs. A workover may last anywhere from a few days to several weeks.

7

●   Fluid Services. At December 31, 2017, we owned and operated 26 fluid service trucks equipped with an average fluid hauling capacity of up to 130 barrels a piece. Each fluid service truck is equipped to pump fluids from or into wells, pits, tanks and other storage facilities. The majority of our fluid service trucks are also used to transport water to fill frac tanks on well locations, to transport produced salt water to disposal wells, and to transport drilling and completion fluids to and from well locations.

●   Plugging Services. Production servicing rigs are also used in the process of permanently closing oil and gas wells no longer capable of producing in economic quantities. Many well operators bid this work on a “turnkey” basis, requiring the service company to perform the entire job, including the sale or disposal of equipment salvaged from the well as part of the compensation received, and complying with state regulatory requirements. Plugging and abandonment work can provide favorable operating margins and is less sensitive to oil and gas pricing than drilling and workover activity since well operators must plug a well in accordance with state regulations when it is no longer productive. We perform plugging and abandonment work throughout our core areas of operation in conjunction with equipment provided by us or by other service companies.

We typically bill clients for our production servicing on an hourly basis for the period that the rig is actively working. As of December 31, 2017, our fleet of production servicing rigs totaled 33 rigs, which we operate through 4 locations in Texas and New Mexico. Our fleet is capable of working at depths from 14,000 to 25,000 feet, and as of December 31, 2017, our fleet consists of one 600 series rig, twenty eight 550 series rigs, and four 300 series rigs.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

From time to time we utilize derivative contracts to hedge against the variability in cash flows associated with interest rate risk and/or the forecasted sale of our anticipated future oil and natural gas production. We may hedge a substantial, but varying, portion of our anticipated oil and natural gas production current and subsequent. We do not use derivative instruments for trading purposes. We have elected not to apply hedge accounting to derivative contracts, which would potentially allow us to not record the change in fair value of our derivative contracts in the consolidated statements of operations. We carry our derivatives at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, with the changes in the fair value included in our consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the change occurs.

On June 16, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, engaged in an interest rate swap agreement (“IRS Agreement”) with the Deutsche Bank AG London Branch (“DBAG”). An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties (known as counterparties) where one stream of future interest payments is exchanged for another based on a specified notional principal amount. Interest rate swaps often exchange fixed interest payments for floating interest payments that are linked to interest rates.

As previously disclosed on the Company’s Form 8-K filed May 22, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC entered into a $120,000,000 credit facility with Deutsche Bank, which facility is discussed further in Note 4 “Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense” to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, Under the terms of this facility, Tamar Royalties LLC, is required to hedge at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding balance under this Facility against fluctuations in LIBOR, with at least thirty seven and one-half percent (37.5%) of the outstanding balance being hedged through swaps. The notional value of these hedges corresponds to the amortization schedule covering the facility and previously disclosed in the aforementioned Form 8-K. Accordingly, on June 16, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC and DBAG entered into the IRS Agreement whereby the Tamar Royalties LLC hedged $119,250,000 of the $120,000,000 initial borrowing as follows:

 (a)   Tamar Royalties LLC hedged 37.5% of the perpetual outstanding balance under the facility, being an initial notional amount of $45,000,000, with a fixed rate swap whereby the Company will pay DBAG a fixed interest rate of 4.63%, and DBAG will pay the Company a monthly floating interest rate of USD-LIBOR-BBA plus a spread of 2.75%.

 (b)   Tamar Royalties hedged the remaining 62.5% of the perpetual outstanding balance less $750,000, being an initial notional amount of $74,250,000, against fluctuations in LIBOR by capping the fluctuations in LIBOR at 1.50%. Pursuant to the IRS agreement, the Company will pay DBAG a fixed interest rate of 0.91%, and DBAG will pay the Company the greater of (i) USD-LIBOR-BBA minus a cap strike of 1.5% and (ii) zero.

8

Competitive Conditions in the Business

The oil and natural gas industry is highly competitive and we compete with many other companies that have greater financial and other resources. Many of these companies explore for, produce and market oil and natural gas, as well as carry on refining operations and market the resultant products on a worldwide basis. There are also many production services companies that compete for the same customers as we compete. The primary areas in which we encounter substantial competition are in locating and acquiring attractive producing oil and natural gas properties, obtaining purchasers and transporters of the oil and natural gas we produce and hiring and retaining key employees during active times in the oil and gas industry. Furthermore, competitive conditions may be substantially affected by various forms of energy legislation and/or regulation considered from time to time by the government of the United States and in some instances individual states where we operate. It is not possible to predict the nature of any such legislation or regulation which may ultimately be adopted or its effects upon our future operations. Such laws and regulations may substantially increase the costs of exploring for, developing or producing oil and natural gas and may prevent or delay the commencement or continuation of a given operation. 

Our production services customers include major oil companies and mid-range independent oil and natural gas production companies. The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Competition is influenced by such factors as price, capacity, availability of work crews, and reputation and experience of the service provider. We believe that an important competitive factor in establishing and maintaining long-term customer relationships is having an experienced, skilled and well-trained work force. We believe many of our large customers place increased emphasis on the safety, performance and quality of the crews, equipment and services provided by their contractors. Although we believe customers consider all of these factors, price is often the primary factor in determining which service provider is awarded the work. However, in several instances, we have secured and maintained work for large customers for which efficiency, safety, technology, size of fleet, and availability of other services are of equal importance to price.

Markets and Major Customers

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, we operate a substantial portion of our domestic oil and natural gas properties. As the operator of a property, the Company makes full payment of the costs associated with each property and seeks reimbursement from the other working interest owners in the property for their share of those costs. Our joint interest partners consist primarily of independent oil and natural gas producers. If the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry in general were adversely affected, the ability of the Company’s joint interest partners to reimburse the Company could be adversely affected.

The purchasers of the Company’s United States based oil and natural gas production consist primarily of independent marketers, major oil and natural gas companies and gas pipeline companies. During the year ended December 31, 2017 no purchaser, marketer, or major oil and gas or pipeline company accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues. The Company has not experienced any significant losses from uncollectible accounts as to its sales of oil and gas production. The Company does not believe the loss of any one of its purchasers would materially affect the Company’s ability to sell the oil and natural gas it produces. The Company believes other purchasers are available in the Company’s areas of operations.

The Company’s overriding royalty interest in the Tamar field is paid monthly by Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership, a related party. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 income from this source accounted for 44% of the Company’s consolidated revenues. If Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership were to stop receiving revenue from its working interest in the Tamar Field, we would not receive revenue from our overriding royalty interest (the Tamar Royalty). Loss of payments from this source would cause significant financial consequences to the Company.

Our production service subsidiary customers include major oil and natural gas production companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies. We perform credit evaluations of our customers and usually do not require collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses when necessary. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, no one individual customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues. The Company believes the loss of one or more customers of our production service subsidiary would not have a significant effect on this Segment because the Company believes that it can employ its rigs with other existing customers or new customers to the extent it has in the past in such circumstances.

Seasonality of Business

Weather conditions affect the demand for, and prices of, natural gas and can disrupt our overall business plans. Demand for natural gas is typically higher in the fourth and first quarters resulting in higher natural gas prices. Due to these seasonal fluctuations, results of operations for individual quarterly periods may not be indicative of the results that may be realized on an annual basis.

9

Operational Risks

Oil and natural gas exploration and development involves a high degree of risk that even a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to overcome. There is no assurance that we will discover or acquire additional oil and natural gas in commercial quantities. Oil and natural gas operations also involve the risk that well fires, blowouts, equipment failure, human error and other circumstances may cause accidental leakage of toxic or hazardous materials, such as petroleum liquids or drilling fluids, into the environment, or cause significant injury to persons or property. Such hazards may also cause damage to or destruction of wells, producing formations, production facilities and pipeline or other processing facilities. In such event, substantial liabilities to third parties or governmental entities may be incurred, the satisfaction of which could substantially reduce available cash and possibly result in loss of oil and natural gas properties. 

We carry insurance against such hazards. However, as is common in the oil and natural gas industry, we do not insure fully against all risks associated with our business, either because such insurance is not available or because we believe the premium costs are prohibitive. A loss not fully covered by insurance could have a materially adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. For further discussion on risks, see Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Regulations

We do not have any offshore operations in the United States. However, all of the jurisdictions in which we own or operate oil and natural gas properties regulate exploration for and production of oil and natural gas. These laws and regulations include provisions requiring permits to drill wells and requirements that we obtain and maintain a bond or other security as a condition to drilling or operating wells. Regulations also specify the permitted location of and method of drilling and casing wells, the surface use and restoration of properties upon which wells are drilled, the sourcing and disposal of water used in the drilling and completion process, and the plugging and abandonment of wells.

Our operations are also subject to various conservation laws and regulations. These include the regulation of the size of drilling and spacing units or proration units, the number of wells which may be drilled in a given area, and the unitization or pooling of oil and natural gas properties, as well as regulations that generally prohibit the venting or flaring of natural gas, and impose certain requirements regarding the establishment of maximum allowable rates of production from fields and individual wells. The effect of these regulations may limit the amount of oil and natural gas that we can produce from our wells and limit the number of wells or the locations at which we can drill, although we can apply for exceptions to such regulations or to have reductions in well spacing.

Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations can result in substantial penalties. The regulatory burden on the industry increases the cost of doing business and affects profitability.

Each state in which we operate also imposes some form of production or severance tax with respect to the production and sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids within its jurisdiction. We are liable for paying this tax on our production, and are also liable for various real and personal property taxes on our leases and facilities.

Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Regulations

The oil and gas industry in the United States is subject to stringent federal, state and local laws regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to health and safety or the protection of the environment. Many governmental agencies, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) have issued lengthy and comprehensive regulations to implement and enforce these laws. These laws and regulations often require difficult and costly compliance measures. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of substantial administrative, civil and criminal penalties, as well as the issuance of injunctions limiting or prohibiting our activities.

In addition, some laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment may, in certain circumstances, impose strict liability for environmental contamination, rendering a person liable for environmental damages and cleanup costs without regard to negligence or fault on the part of that person. We endeavor to fully comply with these regulatory requirements; however, compliance increases our costs and consequently affects our profitability.

As a part of the overall environmental regulatory policy, the permitting, construction and operations of certain oil and gas facilities are regulated. Many factors, including public perception, can materially impact the ability to secure an environmental construction or operation permit. Once operational, enforcement measures can include significant civil penalties for regulatory violations, regardless of intent. Under appropriate circumstances, an administrative agency can issue a cease and desist order to require termination of operations.

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Environmental regulation is becoming more comprehensive and additional programs, as well as increased obligations under existing programs, are anticipated. In this regard, we expect additional regulation of naturally occurring radioactive materials, oil and natural gas exploration and production operations, waste management, and underground injection of water and waste material. The adoption of additional regulations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Environmental laws and regulations have been subject to frequent changes over the years, and the imposition of more stringent requirements could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Compliance with environmental laws and regulations increases the Company’s overall cost of business, but has not had, to date, a material adverse effect on its operations, financial condition or results of operations. It is not anticipated, based on current laws and regulations, that Isramco will be required in the near future to expend amounts (whether for environmental control facilities or otherwise) that are material in relation to its total exploration and development expenditure program in order to comply with such laws and regulations. However, given that such laws and regulations are subject to change, Isramco is unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance or the ultimate effect on its operations, financial condition and results of operations.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and Hazardous Substances

In 1980, the United States Congress enacted the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, referred to as CERCLA or the Superfund law. This law, which has been amended since enactment, and comparable state laws impose strict liability, without regard to fault, on certain classes of persons that are considered to be responsible for the release of what are considered to be “hazardous substances” into the environment. These persons include the current or former owners or operators of the sites where the release occurred and companies that disposed or arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances released at the site. Under CERCLA, we may be subject to joint and several liability for the costs of investigating and cleaning up hazardous substances that have been released into the environment whether or not we are responsible for the release or even owned an interest in the site at the time of the release, as well as for damages to natural resources and for the costs of health studies. In addition, companies that incur liability frequently confront additional claims because it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances or other pollutants released into the environment in addition to a CERCLA claim.

The Solid Waste Disposal Act and Waste Management

The federal Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, referred to as RCRA, regulates the disposal of solid waste but generally excludes most wastes generated by the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, such as drilling fluids, produced waters and other wastes associated with the exploration, development or production of oil and natural gas from regulation as hazardous wastes. However, these wastes may be regulated by the EPA or state agencies as non-hazardous wastes as long as these wastes are not commingled with regulated hazardous wastes. Moreover, in the ordinary course of our operations, other wastes generated in connection with our exploration and production activities may be regulated as hazardous waste under RCRA or hazardous substances under CERCLA. From time to time, releases of materials or wastes have occurred at locations we own or at which we have operations. These properties and the materials or wastes released thereon may be subject to CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws. Under these laws, we have been and may be required to remove or remediate these materials or wastes. At this time it is not possible to estimate the potential liabilities to which we may be subject from unknown, latent liability risks with respect to any properties where materials or wastes may have been released, but of which we have not been made aware.

The Clean Water Act, wastewater and storm water discharges

The oil and gas industry, generally, and our operations specifically, are also subject to the federal Clean Water Act and analogous state laws. Under the Clean Water Act, the EPA has adopted regulations concerning discharges of storm water runoff. This program requires covered facilities to obtain individual permits, or seek coverage under a general permit. Some of our properties may require permits for discharges of storm water runoff and, as part of our overall evaluation of our current operations, we may apply for storm water discharge permit coverage and updating storm water discharge management practices at some of our facilities. We believe that we will be able to obtain, or be included under, these permits, where necessary, and be required make only minor modifications to existing facilities and operations that we believe would not have a material effect on us. The Clean Water Act and similar state acts regulate other discharges of wastewater, oil, and other pollutants to surface water bodies, such as lakes, rivers, wetlands, and streams. Failure to obtain permits for such discharges could result in civil and criminal penalties, orders to cease such discharges, and costs to remediate and pay natural resources damages.

These laws also require the preparation and implementation of Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Plans in connection with on-site storage of significant quantities of oil. More specifically, we are required to develop and maintain a plan applicable to each of our properties at which any significant volume of crude oil or other substance is stored and to ensure the site has sufficient protections (such as berms, etc.) to ensure that any spill will be contained and not reach navigable waters.

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The Safe Drinking Water Act, groundwater protection, and the Underground Injection Control Program

The federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SWDA), the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program promulgated under the SWDA and state programs all regulate the drilling and operation of salt water disposal wells. EPA directly administers the UIC program in some states and in others the responsibility for the program has been delegated to the state. This program requires that a permit be obtained before drilling salt water disposal well. Monitoring the integrity of well casing must also be conducted periodically to ensure the casing is not leaking saltwater to groundwater. Violation of these regulations and/or contamination of groundwater by oil and natural gas drilling, production, and related operations may result in fines, penalties, and remediation costs, among other sanctions and liabilities under the SWDA and state laws. In addition, third party claims may be filed by landowners and other parties claiming damages for alternative water supplies, property damages, and bodily injury.

We have engaged in limited hydraulic fracturing or other well stimulation services on the wells for which we are the operator by engaging third parties to conduct these operations on our behalf. For non-operated properties, the operators have applied and may choose to apply in the future hydraulic-fracturing techniques on properties in which we share interest.

The Clean Air Act

The federal Clean Air Act, enacted in 1970, and comparable state laws regulate emissions of various air pollutants through air emissions permitting programs and the imposition of other requirements. The EPA has developed and continues to develop stringent regulations under the authority of the Clean Air Act governing emissions of toxic air pollutants from specified sources. Federal and state regulatory agencies can impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance with air permits or other requirements of the federal Clean Air Act and associated state laws and regulations.

Some of our operations may be located in areas designated as “non-attainment” areas, which are geographic areas that do not meet the federal air quality standards. Air emission controls and requirements in non-attainment areas are generally more stringent that those imposed in other areas, and the construction of new, or expansion of existing, sources may be restricted.

Climate change

The issue of “global warming” has attracted significant attention and many believe that emissions of certain gases contribute to this problem. Many nations have agreed to limit emissions of “greenhouse gases” pursuant to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the “Kyoto Protocol.” Methane, a primary component of natural gas, and carbon dioxide, a byproduct of the burning of oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum products, are considered “greenhouse gases” regulated by the Kyoto Protocol. Although the United States is not participating in the Kyoto Protocol, several states have adopted legislation and regulations to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Restrictions on emissions of methane or carbon dioxide that may be imposed in various states could adversely affect our operations and demand for our products.

In summary, we may be subject to EPA greenhouse gas monitoring and reporting rules, and potentially new EPA permitting rules if adopted, that would apply greenhouse gas permitting obligations and emissions limitations under the federal Clean Air Act. Whether or not any federal greenhouse gas regulations are enacted, more than one-third of the states have begun taking action on their own to control and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Several multi-state programs have been developed or are in the process of being developed, including the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative involving 10 Northeastern states, the Western Climate Initiative involving seven western states, and the Midwestern Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord involving seven states. The latter two programs have several other states acting as observers and they may join one of the programs at a later date. Any of the climate change regulatory and legislative initiatives described above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Legislative initiatives and discussions to date have focused on the development of cap-and-trade and/or carbon tax programs. A cap-and-trade program generally would cap overall greenhouse gas emissions on an economy-wide basis and require major sources of greenhouse gas emissions or major fuel producers to acquire and surrender emission allowances. Cap-and-trade programs could be relevant to us and our operations in several ways. First, the equipment we use to explore for, develop, produce and process oil and natural gas emits greenhouse gases. We could therefore be subject to caps, and penalties if emissions exceeded the caps. Second, the combustion of carbon-based fuels, such as the oil, gas and NGLs we sell, emits carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Therefore, demand for our products could be reduced by imposition of caps and penalties on our customers. Carbon taxes could likewise affect us by being based on emissions from our equipment and/or emissions resulting from use of our products by our customers. Application of caps or taxes on companies such as Isramco, based on carbon content of produced oil and gas volumes rather than on consumer emissions, could lead to penalties, fees or tax assessments for which there are no mechanisms to pass them through the distribution and consumption chain where fuel use or conservation choices are made. Moreover, because oil and natural gas are used as chemical feedstocks and not solely as fossil fuel, the Company believes that applying a carbon tax to oil and gas at the production stage would be excessive with respect to actual carbon emissions from petroleum fuels.

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The National Environmental Policy Act

Oil and natural gas exploration and production activities on federal lands are subject to the National Environmental Policy Act, or NEPA. NEPA requires federal agencies, including the Department of the Interior, to evaluate major agency actions that have the potential to significantly impact the environment. In the course of such evaluations, an agency will prepare an Environmental Assessment that assesses the potential direct, indirect and cumulative impacts of a proposed project and, if necessary, will prepare a more detailed Environmental Impact Statement that may be made available for public review and comment. All of our current exploration and production activities, as well as proposed exploration and development plans, on federal lands require governmental permits that are potentially subject to the requirements of NEPA. This process has the potential to delay the development of oil and natural gas projects.

Threatened and endangered species, migratory birds, and natural resources

Various state and federal statutes prohibit certain actions that adversely affect endangered or threatened species and their habitat, migratory birds, wetlands, and natural resources. These statutes include the Endangered Species Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the Clean Water Act and CERCLA. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service may designate critical habitat and suitable habitat areas that it believes are necessary for survival of threatened or endangered species. A critical habitat or suitable habitat designation could result in further material restrictions to federal land use and private land use and could delay or prohibit land access or development. Where takings of or harm to species or damages to wetlands, habitat, or natural resources occur or may occur, government entities or at times private parties, may act to prevent oil and gas exploration activities or seek damages for harm to species, habitat, or natural resources resulting from drilling, construction or releases of oil, wastes, hazardous substances or other regulated materials, and may seek compensation for alleged natural resources damages and in some cases, criminal penalties.

Hazard communications and community right to know

We are subject to federal and state hazard communications and community right to know statutes, including, but not limited to, the federal Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, and regulations. These regulations govern record keeping and reporting of the use and release of hazardous substances. 

Occupational Safety and Health Act

We are subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, commonly referred to as OSHA, and comparable state statutes that regulate the protection of the health and safety of workers. In addition, the OSHA hazard communication standard requires that information be maintained about hazardous materials used or produced in operations and that this information be provided to employees, state and local government authorities and the public.

Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing is an essential and common practice in the oil and gas industry used to stimulate production of natural gas and/or oil from dense subsurface rock formations. Hydraulic fracturing involves using water, sand or other proppant materials, and certain chemicals to fracture the hydrocarbon-bearing rock formation to allow flow of hydrocarbons into the wellbore.

As explained in more detail below, the hydraulic fracturing process is typically regulated by state oil and natural gas agencies, although the EPA, and the Bureau of Land Management of the United States Department of the Interior (“BLM”), and other federal regulatory agencies have taken steps to review or impose federal regulatory requirements. Certain states in which we operate, have adopted, and other states are considering adopting, regulations that could impose more stringent permitting, public disclosure and well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing operations or otherwise seek to ban fracturing activities altogether. Certain municipalities have already banned hydraulic fracturing, and courts have upheld those moratoria in some instances. In the past several years, dozens of states have approved or considered additional legislative mandates or administrative rules on hydraulic fracturing.

At the federal level, the EPA has issued final Clean Air Act regulations governing performance standards, including standards for the capture of air emissions released during hydraulic fracturing; finalized regulations in June 2016 that prohibit the discharge of wastewater from hydraulic fracturing operations to publicly owned wastewater treatment plants; and issued in May 2014 an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on its intent to develop regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act to require companies to disclose information regarding the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. Also, the BLM finalized rules in March 2015 that impose new or more stringent standards for performing hydraulic fracturing on federal and American Indian lands including, for example, notice to and pre-approval by BLM of the proposed hydraulic fracturing activities; development and pre-approval by BLM of a plan for managing and containing flowback fluids and produced water recovered during the hydraulic fracturing process; implementation of measures designed to protect usable water from hydraulic fracturing activities; and public disclosure of the chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing fluid. The rule has been challenged in federal court and implementation has been stayed pending a final decision. 

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In addition, from time to time, legislation has been introduced, but not enacted, in Congress to provide for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing and to require disclosure of the chemicals used in the fracturing process. The adoption of new federal rules or regulations relating to hydraulic fracturing could lead to increased operating costs, delays and curtailment in the pursuit of exploration, development or production activities, which in turn could materially adversely affect our operations. Several governmental reviews are underway that focus on environmental aspects of hydraulic fracturing activities. For example, in December 2016, the EPA released its final report on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources. The final report concluded that “water cycle” activities associated with hydraulic fracturing may impact drinking water resources “under some circumstances,” noting that the following hydraulic fracturing water cycle activities and local- or regional-scale factors are more likely than others to result in more frequent or more severe impacts: water withdrawals for fracturing in times or areas of low water availability; surface spills during the management of fracturing fluids, chemicals or produced water; injection of fracturing fluids into wells with inadequate mechanical integrity; injection of fracturing fluids directly into groundwater resources; discharge of inadequately treated fracturing wastewater to surface waters; and disposal or storage of fracturing wastewater in unlined pits. Since the report did not find a direct link between hydraulic fracturing itself and contamination of groundwater resources, we do not believe that this multi-year study report provides any basis for further regulation of hydraulic fracturing at the federal level.

Based on the foregoing, increased regulation and attention given to the hydraulic fracturing process from federal agencies, various states and local governments could lead to greater opposition, including litigation, to oil and gas production activities using hydraulic fracturing techniques. Additional legislation or regulation could also lead to operational delays or increased operating costs in the production of oil and natural gas, including from the developing shale plays, or could make it more difficult to perform hydraulic fracturing. The adoption of any federal, state or local laws or the implementation of regulations regarding hydraulic fracturing could potentially cause a decrease in the completion of new oil and gas wells and increased compliance costs and time, which could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Employees

As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately 193 full-time employees. We hire independent contractors on an as needed basis. We have no collective bargaining agreements with our employees.

Available Information

We file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and other documents with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC maintains an internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including Isramco, Inc., that file electronically with the SEC. Information about the Company can be found at our internet address: www.isramcousa.com The public can obtain any document we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, investors should consider carefully the following risk factors, which may not be the only risks we face, as our business and operations may also be subject to risks that we do not yet know of, or that we currently believe are immaterial. If any of the events or circumstances described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected and the trading price of our common stock could decline.

Oil, natural-gas and NGLs prices are volatile. A substantial or extended decline in prices could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Prices for oil, natural gas and NGLs (Natural Gas Liquids) can fluctuate widely. Our revenues, operating results and future growth rates are highly dependent on the prices we receive for our oil, natural gas and NGLs. Historically, the markets for oil, natural gas and NGLs have been volatile and may continue to be volatile in the future. For example, in recent years market prices for natural gas in the United States have declined substantially from the highs achieved in 2008, and the rapid development of shale plays throughout North America has contributed significantly to this trend.

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A significant decline in crude oil prices started in October 2014, continued through 2015 and slightly rebounded towards the end of 2016, which continued through the end of 2017. As a result, we experienced decreases in crude oil revenues and recorded asset impairment charges due to commodity price declines. If crude oil prices were continue to decline again, further operating asset impairment and our profitability will likely be negatively affected.

Factors influencing the prices of oil, natural gas and NGLs are beyond our control. These factors include, among others:

● the worldwide military and political environment, uncertainty or instability resulting from the escalation or additional outbreak of armed hostilities or further acts of terrorism in the United States, or elsewhere, particularly Israel;

● global factors impacting supply quantities of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs, in particular, US crude oil and NGL supply growth resulting from shale oil development;

● the extent to which US shale producers become swing producers, yielding additional non-OPEC crude oil supply; 

● political conditions and events (including instability or armed conflict) in hydrocarbon-producing regions; 

● actions taken by foreign oil and gas producing nations;

● the level of global crude oil and natural gas inventories;

● further application of horizontal drilling techniques which could increase production and significantly impact both domestic and global supplies of crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs;

● the price and level of foreign imports of oil, natural gas and NGLs;

● the effect of worldwide energy conservation efforts;

● actions by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which we refer to as OPEC;

● the price and availability of alternative and competing fuels;

● technology advances that increase crude oil, natural gas and NGL production, thereby increasing supply;

● the cost of exploring for, developing, producing, transporting, and marketing oil, natural gas, and NGLs;

● the availability of pipeline capacity and infrastructure;

● the availability of crude oil transportation and refining capacity;

● consumer demand for oil, gas and NGLs;

● the growth of consumer product demand in emerging markets, such as India and China;

● fuel efficiency regulations, such as the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, and its impacts on crude oil demand as a transportation fuel;

● labor unrest in oil and natural gas producing regions;

● regional pricing differentials;

● weather conditions;

● electricity needs;

● the nature and extent of domestic and foreign governmental regulation (including environmental regulation and regulation of derivatives transactions and hedging activities) and taxation; and

● the overall economic environment.

The long-term effect of these and other factors on the prices of oil, natural gas and NGLs are uncertain. Prolonged or substantial declines in these commodity prices may have the following effects on our business:

● adversely affecting our financial condition, liquidity, ability to finance planned capital expenditures and results of operations;

● reducing the amount of oil, natural gas and NGLs that we can produce economically;

● reducing our revenues, profit margins, operating income and cash flows;

● certain properties in our portfolio becoming economically unviable;

● delay or postponement of some of our capital projects;

● reducing the carrying value of our crude oil and natural gas properties;

● reducing the amounts of our estimated proved oil and natural-gas reserves;

● reducing the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to oil and natural-gas reserves; and

● limiting our access to sources of capital, such as equity and long-term debt; and

● additional counterparty credit risk exposure on commodity hedges.

● asset impairment charges resulting from reductions in the carrying values of our crude oil and natural gas properties at the date of assessment;

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Depending on the market prices of oil and gas, oil and gas exploration and production companies may cancel or curtail their drilling programs and may lower production spending on existing wells, thereby reducing demand for our production services. Many factors beyond our control affect oil and gas prices, including:

● the cost of exploring for, producing and delivering oil and gas;

● the discovery rate of new oil and gas reserves;

● the rate of decline of existing and new oil and gas reserves;

● the ability of oil and gas exploration and production companies to raise capital;

● economic conditions in the United States, Israel and elsewhere;

● the price of foreign imports of oil and gas.

Our domestic operations are subject to governmental risks that may impact our operations.

Our domestic operations have been, and at times in the future may be, affected by political developments and are subject to complex federal, state, tribal, local and other laws and regulations such as restrictions on production, permitting, changes in taxes, deductions, royalties and other amounts payable to governments or governmental agencies, price or gathering-rate controls, hydraulic fracturing and environmental protection regulations. In order to conduct our operations in compliance with these laws and regulations, we must obtain and maintain numerous permits, approvals and certificates from various federal, state, tribal and local governmental authorities. We may incur substantial costs in order to maintain compliance with these existing laws and regulations. In addition, our costs of compliance may increase if existing laws, including environmental and tax laws, and regulations are revised or reinterpreted, or if new laws and regulations become applicable to our operations. For example, currently proposed federal legislation, that, if adopted, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, includes the following:

●	Climate Change. A number of state and regional efforts have emerged that are aimed at tracking and/or reducing emissions of green-house gases (GHGs). In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made findings that emissions of GHGs present a danger to public health and the environment and, based on these findings, has adopted regulations that restrict emissions of GHGs under existing provisions of the federal Clean Air Act. We may be required to install “best available control technology” to limit emissions of GHGs from any new or significantly modified facilities that we may seek to construct in the future if they would otherwise emit large volumes of GHGs.
●	Taxes. On December 22, 2017, the United States Congress enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform Legislation”). The Tax Reform Legislation, among other things, (i) permanently reduces the US corporate income tax rate to 21% beginning in 2018, (ii) repeals the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) allowing for corresponding refunds of prior period AMT credits,  (iii) provides for a five year period of 100% bonus depreciation followed by a phase-down of the bonus depreciation percentage, (iv) imposes a new limitation on the utilization of net operating losses generated in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and (v) provides for more general changes to the taxation of corporations, including changes to the deductibility of interest expense, the adoption of a modified territorial tax system, assessing a repatriation tax or “toll-charge” on undistributed earnings and profits of US-owned foreign corporations, and introducing certain anti-base erosion provisions. The Tax Reform Legislation is complex and far-reaching and could eliminate or postpone certain tax deductions that currently are available with respect to oil and gas development, or increase costs.  The ultimate impact of the Tax Reform Legislation may differ from our estimates due to changes in interpretations and assumptions made by us as well as additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.
	In addition, from time to time, legislation has been proposed that, if enacted into law, would make significant changes to US federal and state income tax laws, including (i) the elimination of the immediate deduction for intangible drilling and development costs, (ii) the repeal of the percentage depletion allowance for oil and natural gas properties; and (iii) an extension of the amortization period for certain geological and geophysical expenditures. While these specific changes are not included in the Tax Reform Legislation, no accurate prediction can be made as to whether any such legislative changes will be proposed or enacted in the future, or the timing of any such action. The elimination of such US federal tax deductions, as well as any other changes to or the imposition of new federal, state, local or non-US taxes (including the imposition of, or increases in production, severance or similar taxes) could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
●	Hydraulic Fracturing. This process is an essential and common practice in the oil and gas industry used to stimulate production of natural gas and/or oil from dense subsurface rock formations. With regard to our non-operated properties, the operators may choose to apply hydraulic-fracturing techniques in many of our U.S. onshore oil and natural-gas drilling and completion programs. Hydraulic fracturing involves using water, sand or other proppant materials, and certain chemicals to fracture the hydrocarbon-bearing rock formation to allow flow of hydrocarbons into the wellbore.

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As explained in more detail below, the hydraulic fracturing process is typically regulated by state oil and natural gas agencies, although the EPA, the BLM and other federal regulatory agencies have taken steps to review or impose federal regulatory requirements. Certain states in which we operate, have adopted, and other states are considering adopting, regulations that could impose more stringent permitting, public disclosure and well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing operations or otherwise seek to ban fracturing activities altogether. Certain municipalities have already banned hydraulic fracturing, and courts have upheld those moratoria in some instances. In the past several years, dozens of states have approved or considered additional legislative mandates or administrative rules on hydraulic fracturing. At the federal level, the EPA has taken numerous actions, including the following: final federal Clean Air Act regulations in 2012 and, more recently, in June 2016 governing performance standards, including standards for the capture of air emissions released during oil and natural gas hydraulic fracturing, leak detection, and permitting; published in June 2016 an effluent limitation final rule prohibiting the discharge of wastewater from onshore unconventional oil and natural gas extraction facilities to publicly owned wastewater treatment plants; and issued in May 2014 an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on its intent to develop regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act to require companies to disclose information regarding the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. Also, the BLM finalized rules in March 2015 that impose new or more stringent standards for performing hydraulic fracturing on federal and American Indian lands including, for example, notice to and pre‑approval by BLM of the proposed hydraulic fracturing activities; development and pre‑approval by BLM of a plan for managing and containing flowback fluids and produced water recovered during the hydraulic fracturing process; implementation of measures designed to protect usable water from hydraulic fracturing activities; and public disclosure of the chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing fluid. Some of these rules are subject to pending challenges and, on March 28, 2017, an executive order was signed directing the EPA and the BLM to review their rules and, if appropriate, to initiate rulemaking to rescind or revise them consistent with the stated policy of promoting clean and safe development of the nation’s energy resources, while at the same time avoiding regulatory burdens that unnecessarily encumber energy production. Accordingly, the EPA and the BLM have taken actions to delay or rescind certain requirements related to hydraulic fracturing activities. In addition, from time to time, legislation has been introduced, but not enacted, in Congress to provide for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing and to require disclosure of the chemicals used in the fracturing process. The adoption of new federal rules or regulations relating to hydraulic fracturing could require us to obtain additional permits or approvals or to install expensive pollution control equipment for our operations, which in turn could lead to increased operating costs, delays and curtailment in the pursuit of exploration, development or production activities, which in turn could materially adversely affect our operations. In December 2016, the EPA released its final report on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources. The final report concluded that “water cycle” activities associated with hydraulic fracturing may impact drinking water resources “under some circumstances,” noting that the following hydraulic fracturing water cycle activities and local- or regional-scale factors are more likely than others to result in more frequent or more severe impacts: water withdrawals for fracturing in times or areas of low water availability; surface spills during the management of fracturing fluids, chemicals or produced water; injection of fracturing fluids into wells with inadequate mechanical integrity; injection of fracturing fluids directly into groundwater resources; discharge of inadequately treated fracturing wastewater to surface waters; and disposal or storage of fracturing wastewater in unlined pits. Since the report did not find a direct link between hydraulic fracturing itself and contamination of groundwater resources, we do not believe that this multi-year study report provides any basis for further regulation of hydraulic fracturing at the federal level. Based on the foregoing, increased regulation and attention given to the hydraulic fracturing process from federal agencies, various states and local governments could lead to greater opposition, including litigation, to oil and gas production activities using hydraulic fracturing techniques. Additional legislation or regulation could also lead to operational delays or increased operating costs in the production of oil, natural gas and NGLs, including from the developing shale plays, or could make it more difficult to perform hydraulic fracturing. The adoption of any federal, state or local laws or the implementation of regulations regarding hydraulic fracturing could potentially cause a decrease in the completion of new oil and gas wells and increased compliance costs and time, which could adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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The federal Clean Water Act, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act, the federal Clean Air Act, the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA, the Safe Drinking Water Act, or SDWA, the federal Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, or OSHA, and their state counterparts and similar statutes are the primary statutes that impose the requirements and provide for civil, criminal and administrative penalties and other sanctions for violation of their requirements. The OSHA hazard communication standard, the Environmental Protection Agency “community right-to-know” regulations under Title III of the federal Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act and comparable state statutes require us to organize and report information about the hazardous materials we use in our operations to employees, state and local government authorities and local citizens. In addition, CERCLA, also known as the “Superfund” law, and similar state statutes impose strict liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons who are considered responsible for the release or threatened release of hazardous substances into the environment. These persons include the current owner or operator of a facility where a release has occurred, the owner or operator of a facility at the time a release occurred, and companies that disposed of or arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances found at a particular site. This liability may be joint and several. Such liability, which may be imposed for the conduct of others and for conditions others have caused, includes the cost of removal and remedial action as well as damages to natural resources. Few defenses exist to the liability imposed by environmental laws and regulations. It is also common for third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage caused by substances released into the environment.

17

The enactment of derivatives legislation could have an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to use derivative instruments to reduce the effect of commodity-price, interest-rate, and other risks associated with its business.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), enacted in 2010, establishes federal oversight and regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives market and entities, such as the Company, that participate in that market. The Dodd-Frank Act requires the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the SEC to promulgate rules and regulations implementing the Dodd-Frank Act. In its rulemaking under the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFTC issued a final rule on position limits for certain futures and option contracts in the major energy markets and for swaps that are their economic equivalents. Certain bona fide hedging transactions or positions are exempt from these position limits. The position-limits rule was vacated by the U.S. District Court for the District of Colombia in September 2012 and the CFTC recently stated that it will appeal the District Court’s decision. The CFTC also finalized other regulations, including critical rulemakings on the definition of “swap,” “swap dealer,” and “major swap participant.” Some regulations, however, remain to be finalized and it is not possible at this time to predict when this will be accomplished. Depending on the Company’s classification and the particular nature of its derivative activities, the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations may require the Company to comply with margin requirements and with certain clearing and trade-execution requirements in connection with its derivative activities. The Dodd-Frank Act and regulations may also require the counterparties to the Company’s derivative instruments to spin off some of their derivatives activities to separate entities, which may not be as creditworthy as the current counterparties. The Dodd-Frank Act and regulations could significantly increase the cost of derivative contracts (including through requirements to post collateral which could adversely affect our available liquidity), materially alter the terms of derivative contracts, reduce the availability of derivatives to protect against risks the Company encounters, reduce the Company’s ability to monetize or restructure its existing derivative contracts, and increase the Company’s exposure to less-creditworthy counterparties. If the Company reduces its use of derivatives as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations, the Company’s results of operations may become more volatile and its cash flows may be less predictable, which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to plan for and fund capital expenditures. Finally, the Dodd-Frank Act was intended, in part, to reduce the volatility of oil and natural-gas prices, which some legislators attributed to speculative trading in derivatives and commodity instruments related to oil and natural gas. The Company’s revenues could therefore be adversely affected if a consequence of the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations is to lower commodity prices. Any of these consequences could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Drilling crude oil and natural gas wells is a high-risk activity and subjects us to a variety of risks that we cannot control.

Drilling crude oil and natural gas wells, including development wells, involves numerous risks, including the risk that we may not encounter commercially productive crude oil and natural gas reserves (including “dry holes”). As a result, we may not recover all or any portion of our investment in new wells.

Specifically, we often are uncertain as to the future cost or timing of drilling, completing and operating wells, and our drilling operations and those of our third-party operators may be curtailed, delayed or canceled, the cost of such operations may increase and/or our results of operations and cash flows from such operations may be impacted, as a result of a variety of factors, including

● unexpected drilling conditions;

● title problems;

● pressure or irregularities in formations;

● equipment failures or accidents;

● adverse weather conditions, such as winter storms, flooding and hurricanes, and changes in weather patterns;

● compliance with, or changes in, environmental laws and regulations relating to air emissions, hydraulic fracturing and disposal of produced water, drilling fluids and other wastes, laws and regulations imposing conditions and restrictions on drilling and completion operations and other laws and regulations, such as tax laws and regulations;

● the availability and timely issuance of required governmental permits and licenses;

● the availability of, costs associated with and terms of contractual arrangements for properties, including mineral licenses and leases, pipelines, rail cars, crude oil hauling trucks and qualified drivers and related facilities and equipment to gather, process, compress, transport and market crude oil, natural gas and related commodities; and

● the costs of, or shortages or delays in the availability of, drilling rigs, hydraulic fracturing services, pressure pumping equipment and supplies, tubular materials, water, sand, disposal facilities, qualified personnel and other necessary equipment, materials, supplies and services.

Our failure to recover our investment in wells, increases in the costs of our drilling operations or those of our third-party operators, and/or curtailments, delays or cancellations of our drilling operations or those of our third-party operators in each case due to any of the above factors or other factors, may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For related discussion of the risks and potential losses and liabilities inherent in our crude oil and natural gas operations generally, see the immediately following risk factor.

18

Our oil and natural gas activities are subject to various risks that are beyond our control and expose us to potential losses and liabilities, and insurance may not fully protect us against these risks and potential losses and liabilities.

Our operations are subject to many risks and hazards incident to exploring and drilling for, producing, transporting, marketing and selling oil and natural gas. Although we may take precautionary measures, many of these risks and hazards are beyond our control and unavoidable under the circumstances. Many of these risks or hazards could materially and adversely affect our revenues and expenses, the ability of certain of our wells to produce oil and natural gas in commercial quantities, the rate of production and the economics of the development of, and our investment in the prospects in which we have or will acquire an interest. Any of these risks and hazards could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Such risks and hazards include:

● human error, accidents, labor force and other factors beyond our control that may cause personal injuries or death to persons and destruction or damage to equipment and facilities;

● blowouts, fires, explosions, loss of well control, hurricanes, pollution and equipment failures that may result in damage to or destruction of wells, producing formations, production facilities and equipment;

● unavailability of materials and equipment;

● engineering and construction delays;

● unanticipated transportation costs and delays;

● adverse weather conditions, such as winter storms, flooding and hurricanes, and other natural disasters;

● hazards resulting from unusual or unexpected geological or environmental conditions;

● environmental regulations and requirements;

● accidental leakage of toxic or hazardous materials, such as petroleum liquids or drilling fluids, into the environment;

● changes in laws and regulations, including laws and regulations applicable to oil and natural gas activities or markets for the oil and natural gas produced;

● fluctuations in supply and demand for oil and natural gas causing variations of the prices we receive for our oil and natural gas production;

● hazards resulting from the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or other contaminants in gas we produce;

● the availability of alternative fuels and the price at which they become available; and

● terrorism, vandalism and physical, electronic and cyber security breaches.

To mitigate financial losses resulting from these operating hazards, we maintain insurance coverage, including insurance coverage for certain physical damage, comprehensive general liability, and worker’s compensation and employer’s liability. However, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover us against all of potential losses arising as a result of the foregoing, and for certain risks, such as political risk, business interruption, war, terrorism, and piracy, for which we have limited or no coverage. In addition, we are not insured against all risks in all aspects of our business. The occurrence of a significant event against which we are not fully insured could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The high cost or unavailability of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, personnel, and other oilfield services could adversely affect our ability to execute our exploration and development plans on a timely basis and within our budget, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Our industry is cyclical and, from time to time, there is a shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, or qualified personnel. During these periods, the costs of rigs, equipment, supplies, and personnel are substantially greater and their availability to us may be limited. Additionally, these services may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. The high cost or unavailability of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, personnel, and other oilfield services could adversely affect our ability to execute our exploration and development plans on a timely basis and within our budget, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

A portion of our crude oil and natural gas production may be subject to interruptions that could have a material and adverse effect on us.

A portion of our crude oil and natural gas production may be interrupted, or shut in, from time to time for various reasons, including, but not limited to, as a result of accidents, weather conditions, loss of gathering, processing, compression or transportation facility access or field labor issues, or intentionally as a result of market conditions such as crude oil or natural gas prices that we deem uneconomic. If a substantial amount of our production is interrupted, our cash flows and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

19

Failure to fund continued capital expenditures could adversely affect our properties.

Our acquisition, exploration, and development activities require substantial capital expenditures. Historically, we have funded our capital expenditures through a combination of cash flows from operations and loans from commercial banks and related parties. Future cash flows are subject to a number of variables, such as the level of production from existing wells, prices of crude oil and natural gas, and our success in finding, developing and producing new reserves. If revenues were to decrease as a result of lower crude oil and natural gas prices or decreased production, and our access to capital were limited, we would have a reduced ability to replace our reserves, resulting in a decrease in production over time. If our cash flows from operations are not sufficient to meet our obligations and fund our capital budget, we may not be able to access debt, equity or other methods of financing on an economic basis to meet these requirements, particularly in the current economic environment. If we are not able to fund our capital expenditures, interests in some properties might be reduced or forfeited as a result.

Reserve estimates depend on many interpretations and assumptions that may turn out to be inaccurate. Any significant inaccuracies in these interpretations and assumptions could cause the reported quantities and the value of our reserves to be materially misstated.

Estimating quantities of crude oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves and future net cash flows from such reserves is a complex, inexact process. It requires interpretations of available technical data and various assumptions, including assumptions relating to economic factors, made by our management and our independent reserve engineering firms; Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. and Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. Any significant inaccuracies in these interpretations or assumptions could cause the reported quantities of our reserves and future net cash flows from such reserves to be overstated or understated. Also, the data for a given reservoir may also change substantially over time as a result of numerous factors including, but not limited to, additional development activity, evolving production history and continual reassessment of the viability of production under varying economic conditions.

To prepare estimates of our economically recoverable crude oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves and future net cash flows from our reserves, we analyze many variable factors, such as historical production from the area compared with production rates from other producing areas. We also analyze available geological, geophysical, production and engineering data, and the extent, quality and reliability of this data can vary. The process also involves economic assumptions relating to commodity prices, production costs, severance and excise taxes, capital expenditures and workover and remedial costs, many of which factors are or may be beyond our control.

Estimates of reserves based on risk of recovery and estimates of expected future net cash flows prepared by different engineers, or by the same engineers at different times, may vary substantially. Actual production, revenues, and expenditures with respect to our reserves will likely vary from estimates, and the variance may be material. The discounted cash flows included in this report should not be construed as the fair value of the estimated oil, natural-gas, and NGLs reserves attributable to our properties. The estimated discounted future net cash flows from proved reserves are based on average 12-month sales prices using the average beginning-of-month price. Actual future prices and costs may differ materially from the SEC regulation-compliant prices used for purposes of estimating future discounted net cash flows from proved reserves.

Discoveries or Acquisitions of reserves are needed to avoid a material decline in reserves and production.

The production rates from oil and gas properties generally decline as reserves are depleted, while related per unit production costs generally increase, due to decreasing reservoir pressures and other factors. Therefore, our estimated proved reserves and future oil, gas and NGL production will decline materially as reserves are produced unless we conduct successful exploration and development activities or, through engineering studies, identify additional producing zones in existing wells, secondary or tertiary recovery techniques, or acquire additional properties containing proved reserves. Consequently, our future oil, gas and NGL production and related per unit production costs are highly dependent upon our level of success in finding or acquiring additional reserves.

20

If we acquire crude oil and natural gas properties, our failure to fully identify existing and potential problems and liabilities, to accurately estimate reserves, production rates or costs, or to effectively integrate the acquired properties into our operations could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

From time to time, we seek to acquire crude oil and natural gas properties. Although we perform reviews of properties to be acquired in a manner that we believe is duly diligent and consistent with industry practices, reviews of records and properties may not necessarily reveal existing or potential problems, nor may they permit us to become sufficiently familiar with the properties in order to assess fully their deficiencies and potential. We do not inspect every well. Even when we inspect a well, we do not always discover structural, subsurface and environmental problems that may exist or arise in the future. Even when problems with a property are identified, we often may assume environmental and other risks and liabilities in connection with acquired properties pursuant to the acquisition agreements. In addition, there are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of crude oil and natural gas reserves (as discussed further above), actual future production rates and associated costs with respect to acquired properties. Actual reserves, production rates and costs may vary substantially from those assumed in our estimates. In addition, an acquisition may have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations, particularly during the periods in which the operations of the acquired properties are being integrated into our ongoing operations or if we are unable to effectively integrate the acquired properties into our ongoing operations.

Title to the properties in which we have an interest may be impaired by title defects.

We generally conduct due diligence to review title on significant properties that we drill or acquire. However, there is no assurance that we will not suffer a monetary loss from title defects or title failure. Additionally, undeveloped acreage has greater risk of title defects than developed acreage. Generally, under the terms of the operating agreements affecting our properties, any monetary loss is due to title defects is to be borne by all parties to any such agreement in proportion to their interests in such property. If there are any title defects or defects in assignment of leasehold rights in properties in which we hold an interest, we will suffer a financial loss.

There is a possibility that we will lose the leases to our oil and gas properties.

Our oil and gas revenues are generated through oil and gas leases. These leases are conditioned on the performance of certain obligations, primarily the obligation to produce oil and/or gas or engage in operations designed to result in the production of oil and gas. If production ceases and operations are not commenced within a specified time, the lease may be lost. The loss of our leases may have a material and adverse impact on our revenues.

In the case of Israeli-based properties, we have interests in licenses that, subject to certain conditions, may result in leases being granted. The leases are subject to certain obligations and are renewable at the discretion of various governmental authorities. As such, if the parties responsible for operations are not able to fulfill their obligations under the leases, the leases may be modified, cancelled, not renewed, or renewed on terms different from the current leases. The modification or cancellation of our leases could eliminate our interests and may have a material and adverse impact on our revenues.

We are subject to complex laws and regulations relating to environmental protection that can adversely affect the cost, manner, and feasibility of doing business.

Our operations and properties are subject to numerous federal, regional, state, tribal, local, and foreign laws and regulations governing the release of pollutants or otherwise relating to environmental protection. These laws and regulations govern the following, among other things:

● issuance of permits in connection with exploration, drilling and production activities;

● protection of endangered species;

● amounts and types of emissions and discharges;

● generation, management, and disposition of waste materials;

● reclamation and abandonment of wells and facility sites; and

● remediation of contaminated sites.

In addition, these laws and regulations may impose substantial liabilities for our failure to comply or for any contamination resulting from our operations. Future environmental laws and regulations, such as the restriction against emission of pollutants from previously unregulated activities or the designation of previously unprotected species as threatened or endangered in areas where we operate, may negatively impact our industry. The cost of satisfying these requirements may have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows or could result in limitations on our exploration and production activities, which could have an adverse impact on our ability to develop and produce our reserves.

21

We cannot be certain that the insurance coverage maintained by us will be adequate to cover all losses that may be sustained in connection with all oil and natural gas activities.

We maintain general and excess liability policies, which we consider to be reasonable and consistent with industry standards. These policies generally cover:

● personal injury;

● bodily injury;

● third party property damage;

● medical expenses;

● legal defense costs;

● pollution in some cases;

● loss or damage to equipment;

● well blowouts in some cases; and

● worker’s compensation.

As is common in the oil and natural gas industry, we will not insure fully against all risks associated with our business either because such insurance is not available or because we believe the premium costs are prohibitive. A loss not fully covered by insurance could have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. There can be no assurance that the insurance coverage that we maintain will be sufficient to cover claims made against us in the future.

Reduced demand for or excess capacity of production services could adversely affect our profitability.

Our profitability in the future will depend on many factors, but largely on pricing and utilization rates for our production services. An increase in supply of production servicing rigs and equipment, without a corresponding increase in demand, or decrease in demand for production servicing rigs and equipment could decrease the pricing and utilization rates of our production services, which would adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

Our production services business depends on domestic spending by the oil and natural gas industry, and this spending and our business has been in the past, and may in the future be, adversely affected by industry and financial market conditions that are beyond our control.

We depend on our customers’ willingness to make operating and capital expenditures to explore for, develop and produce oil and natural gas in the United States. Customers’ expectations for lower market prices for oil and natural gas, as well as the availability of capital for operating and capital expenditures, may cause them to curtail spending, thereby reducing demand for our services and equipment.

Industry conditions are influenced by numerous factors over which we have no control, such as the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas, domestic and worldwide economic conditions, political instability in oil and natural gas producing countries and merger and divestiture activity among oil and gas producers. The volatility of the oil and natural gas industry and the consequent impact on exploration and production activity could adversely impact the level of drilling and workover activity by some of our customers. This reduction may cause a decline in the demand for our services or adversely affect the price of our services. In addition, reduced discovery rates of new oil and natural gas reserves in our market areas also may have a negative long-term impact on our business, even in an environment of stronger oil and natural gas prices, to the extent existing production is not replaced and the number of producing wells for us to service declines.

Deterioration in the global economic environment commencing in the latter part of 2008 and continuing throughout 2009 caused the oilfield services industry to cycle into a downturn due to weakened demand. The industry returned to higher activity levels in 2011 and remained higher during the first half of 2012, before another downturn in the second half of 2012, affecting natural gas prices in particular. The industry pricing remained relatively stable through the middle of 2014. However, beginning in the second half of 2014 through the end of 2015 and continued at the beginning of 2016, oil prices declined substantially from historical highs. Towards the end of 2016 and through 2017 we saw an increase in oil prices though they did not reach the same levels prior to the decline beginning in 2014. Any adverse changes in capital markets and declines in prices for oil and natural gas will likely cause oil and natural gas producers to announce reductions in capital budgets for future periods.

22

Limitations on the availability of capital, or higher costs of capital, for financing expenditures may cause oil and natural gas producers to make further reductions to capital budgets in the future even if oil or natural gas prices increase from current levels. Any such cuts in spending will curtail drilling programs as well as discretionary spending on production services, which may result in a reduction in the demand for our services, the rates we can charge and our utilization. In addition, certain of our customers could become unable to pay their suppliers, including us. Any of these conditions or events could adversely affect our operating results.

If oil and natural gas prices remain volatile, or if oil or natural gas prices remain low or decline further, the demand for our production services could be adversely affected.

The demand for our services is primarily determined by current and anticipated oil and natural gas prices and the related general production spending and level of drilling activity in the areas in which we have operations. Volatility or weakness in oil prices or natural gas prices (or the perception that oil prices or natural gas prices will decrease) affects the spending patterns of our customers and may result in the drilling of fewer new wells or lower production spending on existing wells. This, in turn, could result in lower demand for our services and may cause lower rates and lower utilization of our production service equipment. If oil prices or natural gas prices continue to remain low or decline further, or if there is a reduction in drilling activities, the demand for our services and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Competition in the oil and gas exploration and production industry is intense, and many of our competitors have greater resources than we have.

We compete with national oil companies, major integrated oil and gas companies, independent oil and gas companies and other individual producers for the acquisition of licenses and leases, properties and reserves and the equipment, materials, services and employees and other contract personnel (including geologists, geophysicists, engineers and other specialists) required to explore, develop, produce and market crude oil and natural gas. Some of our competitors may have greater and more diverse resources on which to draw than we do. As a consequence, we may be at a competitive disadvantage in certain respects, such as in bidding for drilling rights, acquisition of licenses and leases, properties and reserves or in acquiring necessary services, equipment, materials and personnel. If we are not successful in our competition for oil and gas reserves or in our marketing of production, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Poor general economic, business, or industry conditions may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

During the last few years, concerns over inflation, energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, the U.S. mortgage market, uncertainties with regard to European sovereign debt, and a declining real estate market in the United States have contributed to increased economic uncertainty and diminished expectations for the global economy. Concerns about global economic conditions have had a significant adverse impact on global financial markets and commodity prices. If the economic recovery in the United States or abroad remains prolonged, demand for petroleum products could diminish or stagnate, which could impact the price at which we can sell our oil, natural gas, and NGLs, affect our vendors’, suppliers’ and customers’ ability to continue operations, and ultimately adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

Our hedging activities may prevent us from benefiting fully from price increases and may expose us to other risks.

In order to manage our exposure to price risks in the marketing of our oil and natural gas production, we sometimes enter into oil and natural gas price hedging arrangements with respect to a portion of our anticipated production and we may enter into additional hedging transactions in the future. While intended to reduce the effects of volatile oil and natural gas prices, such transactions may limit our potential gains and increase our potential losses if oil and natural gas prices were to rise substantially over the price established by the hedge. In addition, such transactions may expose us to the risk of loss in certain circumstances, including instances in which:

● our actual production is less than hedged volumes;

● there is a widening of price differentials between delivery points for our production and the delivery point assumed in the hedge arrangement;

● the counterparties to our hedging agreements fail to perform under the contracts; or

● a sudden unexpected event materially impacts oil and natural-gas prices.

23

At the time of this report, the Company had no commodity price hedging agreements in place.

The credit risk of financial institutions could adversely affect us.

We have exposure to different counterparties, and we have entered into transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, insurance companies and other institutions. These transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty. Deterioration in the credit markets may impact the credit ratings of our current and potential counterparties and affect their ability to fulfill their existing obligations to us and their willingness to enter into future transactions with us. We have exposure to these financial institutions through our derivative transactions. In addition, if any lender under our credit facility is unable to fund its commitment, our liquidity will be reduced by an amount up to the aggregate amount of such lender’s commitment under our credit facility.Moreover, to the extent that purchasers of the Company’s production rely on access to the credit or equity markets to fund their operations, there is a risk that those purchasers could default in their contractual obligations to the Company if such purchasers were unable to access the credit or equity markets for an extended period of time.

We have no means to market our oil and gas production without the assistance of third parties.

The marketability of our production depends upon the proximity of our reserves to, and the capacity of, facilities and third party services, including oil and natural gas gathering systems, pipelines, trucking or terminal facilities, and processing facilities. The unavailability or lack of capacity of such services and facilities could impair or delay the production of new wells or the delay or discontinuance of development plans for properties. A shut-in, delay or discontinuance could adversely affect our financial condition. In addition, regulation of oil and natural gas production transportation in the United States or in other countries may affect its ability to produce and market our oil and natural gas on a profitable basis.

Our exploration and development drilling efforts and the operation of our wells may not be profitable or achieve our targeted returns.

We require significant amounts of undeveloped leasehold acreage to further our development efforts. Exploration, development, drilling and production activities are subject to many risks, including the risk that commercially productive reservoirs will not be discovered. We invest in property, including undeveloped leasehold acreage, which we believe will result in projects that will add value over time. However, we cannot guarantee that our leasehold acreage will be profitably developed, that new wells drilled by us will be productive or that we will recover all or any portion of our investment in such leasehold acreage or wells. Drilling for oil and natural gas may involve unprofitable efforts, not only from dry wells but also from wells that are productive but do not produce sufficient net reserves to return a profit after deducting operating and other costs. In addition, wells that are profitable may not achieve our targeted rate of return. Our ability to achieve our target results is dependent upon the current and future market prices for oil and natural gas, costs associated with producing oil and natural gas and our ability to add reserves at an acceptable cost.

In addition, we may not be successful in controlling our drilling and production costs to improve our overall return. The cost of drilling, completing and operating a well is often uncertain and cost factors can adversely affect the economics of a project. We cannot predict the cost of drilling and completing a well, and we may be forced to limit, delay or cancel drilling operations as a result of a variety of factors, including:

● unexpected drilling conditions;

● pressure or irregularities in formations;

● equipment failures or accidents and shortages or delays in the availability of drilling and completion equipment and services;

● adverse weather conditions, including hurricanes; and

● compliance with governmental requirements.

We depend on the skill, ability and decisions of third party operators to a significant extent.

The success of the drilling, development and production of the oil and natural gas properties in which we have or expect to have a non-operating working interest is substantially dependent upon the decisions of such third-party operators and their diligence to comply with various laws, rules and regulations affecting such properties. The failure of any third-party operator to make decisions, perform their services, discharge their obligations, deal with regulatory agencies, and comply with laws, rules and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations in a proper manner with respect to properties in which we have an interest could result in material adverse consequences to our interest in such properties, including substantial penalties and compliance costs. Such adverse consequences could result in substantial liabilities to us or reduce the value of our properties, which could negatively affect our results of operations.

24

We depend substantially on the continued presence of key personnel for critical management decisions and industry contacts.

Our success depends upon the continued contributions of our executive officers and key employees, particularly with respect to providing the critical management decisions and contacts necessary to manage and maintain growth within a highly competitive industry. Competition for qualified personnel can be intense, particularly in the oil and natural gas industry, and there are a limited number of people with the requisite knowledge and experience. Under these conditions, we could be unable to attract and retain these personnel. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key employees for any reason could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Our operations in Israel may be adversely affected by unique economic, terrorist activities and political developments.

We have interests in oil and gas leases and in oil and gas licenses in the waters off Israel. These interests are a significant portion of our future production and cash flow and may be adversely affected by terrorist activities, political and economic developments, including the following:

● war, terrorist acts and civil disturbances, and other political risks;

● changes in taxation policies;

● laws and policies of the US and Israel affecting foreign investment, taxation, trade and business conduct;

● foreign exchange restrictions;

● international monetary fluctuations and changes in the value of the US dollar, such as the decline of the US dollar; and

● other hazards arising out of Israeli governmental sovereignty over areas in which we own oil and gas interests.

Oilfield service is a highly competitive, fragmented industry in which price competition could reduce our profitability.

We encounter substantial competition from other oilfield service companies. Our primary market areas are highly fragmented and competitive. The fact that production services equipment are mobile and can be moved from one market to another in response to market conditions heightens the competition in the industry and may result in an oversupply of equipment in an area. Oilfield service companies compete primarily on a regional basis, and the intensity of competition may vary significantly from region to region at any particular time. If demand for drilling or production services improves in a region where we operate, our competitors might respond by moving in suitable rigs and production services equipment from other regions. An influx of equipment from other regions could rapidly intensify competition, reduce profitability and make any improvement in demand for production services short-lived.

Most production services contracts are awarded on the basis of competitive bids, which also results in price competition. In addition to pricing and equipment availability, we believe the following factors are also important to our clients in determining which production services provider to select:

● the type and condition of each of the competing production servicing rigs;

● the quality of service and experience of the crews;

● the safety record of the company providing the services; and

● the offering of ancillary services.

We could be adversely affected if shortages of equipment, supplies or personnel occur.

From time to time there have been shortages of production services equipment and supplies during periods of high demand which we believe could recur. Shortages could result in increased prices for production services equipment or supplies that we may be unable to pass on to clients. In addition, during periods of shortages, the delivery times for equipment and supplies can be substantially longer. Any significant delays in our obtaining production services equipment or supplies could limit production services operations and jeopardize our relations with clients. In addition, shortages of production services equipment or supplies could delay and adversely affect our ability to obtain new contracts for our rigs, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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Our operations require the services of employees having the technical training and experience necessary to achieve the proper operational results. As a result, our operations depend, to a considerable extent, on the continuing availability of such personnel. Shortages of qualified personnel have occurred in our industry. If we should suffer any material loss of personnel to competitors or be unable to employ additional or replacement personnel with the requisite level of training and experience to adequately operate our equipment, our operations could be materially and adversely affected. A significant increase in the wages paid by other employers could result in a reduction in our workforce, increases in wage rates, or both. The occurrence of either of these events for a significant period of time could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

There are limitations with regard to sales of Tamar Field Production

As noted above, we own an interest in the Tamar Field located offshore Israel. This interest in 2017 accounted for approximately 44% of our consolidated revenues and we expect the interest as a percentage of consolidated revenues to increase significantly if and when payout occurs. We note that the government of Israel allows the owners of Tamar Field production to export fifty percent (50%) of the production that has not yet been committed to supply the Israel domestic market as of the date of the government’s decision in this regard.  Accordingly, production from Tamar must first satisfy the minimum amount required to supply the Israeli economy.  

If our customers delay paying or fail to pay a significant amount of our outstanding receivables, it could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.

In most cases, we bill our customers for our services in arrears and are, therefore, subject to our customers delaying or failing to pay our invoices. In weak economic environments, we may experience increased delays and failures due to, among other reasons, a reduction in our customers’ cash flow from operations and their access to the credit markets. If our customers delay paying or fail to pay us a significant amount of our outstanding receivables, it could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.

We may be unable to implement price increases or maintain existing prices on our core services.

We periodically seek to increase the prices of our services to offset rising costs and to generate higher returns for our stockholders. However, we operate in a very competitive industry and as a result, we are not always successful in raising, or maintaining our existing prices. Additionally, during periods of increased market demand, a significant amount of new service capacity, including new production services rigs may enter the market, which also puts pressure on the pricing of our services and limits our ability to increase or maintain prices. Furthermore, during periods of declining pricing for our services, we may not be able to reduce our costs accordingly, which could further adversely affect our profitability.

Even when we are able to increase our prices, we may not be able to do so at a rate that is sufficient to offset such rising costs. In periods of high demand for oilfield services, a tighter labor market may result in higher labor costs. During such periods, our labor costs could increase at a greater rate than our ability to raise prices for our services. Also, we may not be able to successfully increase prices without adversely affecting our activity levels. The inability to maintain our prices or to increase our prices as costs increase could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

A member of Isramco’s management team owns a significant amount of common stock, giving him influence or control in corporate transactions and other matters, and the interests of these individuals could differ from those other shareholders.

Haim Tsuff, the Company’s President, Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, individually and through companies that he beneficially controls own over 73% of our outstanding shares of common stock as of March 12, 2018. As a result, Haim Tsuff is in a position to significantly influence or control the outcome of matters requiring a shareholder vote, including the election of directors, the adoption of an amendment to our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, and the approval of mergers and acquisitions, and other significant corporate transactions.

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Our stock price is volatile, could continue to be volatile and has limited liquidity; Accordingly, investors may not be able to sell any significant number of shares of our stock at prevailing market prices.

Investor interest in our common stock may not lead to the development of an active or liquid trading market. The market price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past and is likely to continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. The stock prices and trading volumes for our stock has fluctuated widely and the average daily trading volume of our stock continues to be limited and may continue for reasons that may be unrelated to business or results of operations. General economic, market and political conditions could also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock and investors may be unable to resell their shares of common stock at or above their purchase price. As a result of the limited trading in our stock, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices.

We have not paid dividends on our common stock and do not plan to declare dividends in the foreseeable future, and therefore only appreciation of the price of our common stock will provide a return to our shareholders.

We have not paid or declared any dividends on our common stock and currently intend to retain any earnings to fund our working capital needs, reduce debt and fund growth opportunities. Any future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors it deems relevant, including our financial condition and performance, cash needs, income tax consequences and restrictions imposed by the Texas Business Organizations Code and other applicable laws.

The Company could be impacted by unfavorable results of legal proceedings.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings, disputes and claims that have not yet been fully resolved, and additional disputes and claims may arise in the future. Results of legal proceedings are subject to significant uncertainty and, regardless of the merit of the claims, these legal proceedings may be expensive, time-consuming, and disruptive to the Company’s operations and management. The Company may enter into arrangements to settle legal proceedings and other disputes in an attempt to mitigate against the foregoing risks. However, the Company cannot guarantee a favorable result with respect to any resolution of a legal proceeding, whether by settlement or otherwise. If one or more of these legal proceedings were resolved against the Company in a reporting period for amounts in excess of the Company’s expectations, such resolution could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production - Properties and Reserves

We own varying working interests in oil and gas wells in Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Utah and Colorado. We currently serve as operator of approximately 422 producing wells most of which are located in Texas and New Mexico. Moreover, we own interests in properties operated by third party entities. In many instances, the Company does not have, nor is it entitled to, information pertaining to certain matters such as (i) whether shut-in or temporarily abandoned wells operated by these third parties are mechanically capable of production, (ii) whether third party operators have obtained leases in which the Company would be contractually entitled to participate (being undeveloped acreage), and, in some instances or (iii) the gross and net acreage maintained in the leases included in the contract area under the operative joint operating agreements. Due to the nature of some third party operations (e.g., field wide units), to the Company cannot ascertain the total number of wells drilled within a particular project area and whether each well within such project area is productive. In some instances, third parties operate properties (e.g. field wide units and leases covering a large amount of acreage) where production, revenue and expenses for the property are aggregated and reported as a single property. Accordingly, well information with regard to such properties is not always available to Isramco. In addition, most of the Company’s operated wells are legacy assets and, accordingly, were drilled and operated for several years by our predecessors in title. Therefore, at this time, the Company is conducting a review of the terms and conditions of each lease covering our operated assets to determine the acreage held by the underlying oil and gas leases and the Company is also examining shut-in wells to ascertain whether these wells are mechanically capable of production in their current state. Moreover, we are working with the operators of our non-operated assets to obtain similar information with regard to such properties. The Company expects to complete this review in the near future. Currently, we do not own any interest in undeveloped acreage.

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Drilling Activities

During the year ended December 31, 2015 we drilled and completed two development wells in North Texas. No new wells were drilled in 2017 or 2016.

Reserve Information. For estimates of Isramco’s net proved reserves of natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids, see Note 13 to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Supplemental Oil and Gas Information”.

There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and in projecting future rates of production and timing of development expenditures, including many factors beyond the control of the producer. The reserve data set forth in Note 13 to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Supplemental Oil and Gas Information”, represent only estimates. Reserve engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of natural gas, crude oil and condensate and natural gas liquids that cannot be measured in an exact manner. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the amount and quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. As a result, estimates of different engineers normally vary. In addition, results of drilling, testing and production subsequent to the date of an estimate may justify revision of such estimate (upward or downward). Accordingly, reserve estimates are often different from the quantities ultimately recovered. The meaningfulness of such estimates is highly dependent upon the accuracy of the assumptions upon which they were based. For related discussion, see ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.

We believe that we have satisfactory title to the properties owned and used in our business, subject to liens for taxes not yet payable, liens incident to minor encumbrances, liens for credit arrangements and easements and restrictions that do not materially detract from the value of these properties, our interests in these properties, or the use of these properties in our business. We believe that our properties are adequate and suitable for us to conduct business in the future.

Controls Over Reserve Estimates

The Company’s policies and practices regarding internal controls over the recording of reserves are structured to objectively and accurately estimate our oil and gas reserves quantities and present values in compliance with the SEC’s regulations and GAAP. The Company relies on third party professionals to integrate geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data to produce the Company’s reserve reports, which are utilized for its filings with the Commission. Our internal controls over reserves estimates include the following:

•  A reserve report covering 100% of our proved reserves in the United States is prepared by Cawley, Gillespie and Associates, Inc., a third-party petroleum consulting firm, on an annual basis;

•  A reserve report covering 100% of our interests in Israel is prepared by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (“NSAI”), a third-party petroleum consulting firm, on an annual basis; and

•  Senior Management of the Company reviews and examines the reserve reports generated by third parties and conducts an internal evaluation of the assumptions underlying material changes to reserves on an annual basis.

The reserves estimates shown for our U.S. properties have been independently evaluated by Cawley, Gillespie and Associates, Inc. The technical person at Cawley, Gillespie and Associates primarily responsible for preparing the estimates set forth in the reserves report incorporated herein is Mr. Todd Brooker, President. Mr. Brooker joined CG&A in October 1992 as a reservoir engineer. His responsibilities include reserves and economics evaluations, fair market valuations, field studies, pipeline resource studies and acquisition/divestiture analysis. His reserve reports are routinely used for public company SEC disclosures. His experience includes significant projects in both conventional and unconventional resources in every major U.S. producing basin and abroad, including oil and gas shale plays, coalbed methane fields, waterfloods and complex, faulted structures. He is currently President of the firm and has managed the Austin office since its opening in 2002. Prior to joining CG&A, Todd worked in Gulf of Mexico drilling and production engineering at Chevron USA in New Orleans, Louisiana. He graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Texas at Austin in 1989 with a BS degree in Petroleum Engineering, and is a registered professional engineer in Texas.

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The reserves estimates shown for overriding royalty interest in the Tamar field have been independently evaluated by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (NSAI), a worldwide leader of petroleum property analysis for industry and financial organizations and government agencies. NSAI was founded in 1961 and performs consulting petroleum engineering services under Texas Board of Professional Engineers Registration No. F-2699. Within NSAI, the technical persons primarily responsible for preparing the estimates set forth in the NSAI reserves report incorporated herein are Mr. Richard B. Talley, Jr. and Mr. Zachary R. Long. Mr. Talley, a Licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Texas (No. 102425), has been practicing consulting petroleum engineering at NSAI since 2004 and has over 5 years of prior industry experience. He graduated from University of Oklahoma in 1998 with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering and from Tulane University in 2001 with a Master of Business Administration Degree. Mr. Long, a Licensed Professional Geoscientist in the State of Texas, Geology (No. 11792), has been practicing consulting petroleum geoscience at NSAI since 2007 and has over 2 years of prior industry experience. He graduated from University of Louisiana at Lafayette in 2003 with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Geology and from Texas A&M University in 2005 with a Master of Science Degree in Geophysics. Both technical principals meet or exceed the education, training, and experience requirements set forth in the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers; both are proficient in judiciously applying industry standard practices to engineering and geoscience evaluations as well as applying SEC and other industry reserves definitions and guidelines.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On or about September 21, 2011, the Company’s former Vice President and General Counsel, Dennis Holifield resigned. Mr. Holifield had been hired in March 2011. On or about October 12, 2011, Mr. Holifield submitted a “Summary Report” to the SEC (the “Summary Report”), in which made numerous factual allegations regarding Haim Tsuff, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chairman, and President; Edy Francis, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer; Amir Sanker, the Company’s Asset Manager; and other Company personnel. In the Summary Report, Mr. Holifield characterized the alleged conduct as illegal or criminal. On November 3, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors constituted a committee of independent directors consisting of Max Pridgeon and Asaf Yarkoni, referred to as the Special Investigative Committee of the Board of Directors (“SIC”) which was directed to investigate all of the Holifield allegations and report back to the full board and make any recommendations, if any, for corrective action. On January 7, 2013, SIC made their final report to the Board of Directors of the conclusions and results of the fourteen-month investigation into the allegations made by Mr. Holifield. The SIC determined that Mr. Holifield’s allegations were not supported by any available documentary evidence or by any statements made by former or current Isramco, Inc., directors, management, or employees interviewed by the SIC or its counsel. The SIC also determined that the Company had not engaged in wrongdoing of any sort including any unlawful or unethical business practices, any lapses in financial controls, or any governance issues that require redress or reform.

On September 10, 2013, the Company filed suit against Mr. Holifield in Cause No. 201352927 of the 270th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas, to collect damages estimated in the amount of $1,000,000.00 owing to the Company by virtue of Mr. Holifield’s actions, which are alleged in the suit to include, but are not limited to, negligence, negligence per se, gross negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty owed to the Company. In response, in December 2013, Mr. Holifield filed a pro se answer which included counterclaims and a summary judgment motion. In his counterclaims. Mr. Holifield seeks to recover from the Company the following damages, inter alia: (i) over $2,000,000 for loss of income and failure to secure gainful employment arising from his constructive discharge or termination by the Company; (ii) over $2,000,000 for loss of earnings due to his alleged inability to obtain gainful employment by virtue of the damage caused to his professional reputation by alleged willful and deliberate acts of Haim Tsuff, Edy Francis, and Amir Sanker, (iii) over $2,000,000 due to the intentional infliction of emotional distress to Mr. Holifield; (iv) an amount estimated at $5,000,000 arising from Mr. Holifield’s claim that the Company violated the Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations Act, by engaging in racketeering and conspiracy; (v) over $5,000,000 arising from the Company’s alleged fraudulent misrepresentation regarding Isramco’s purpose in hiring Mr. Holifield and (vi) other relief. The Company believes Mr. Holifield’s counter claims have no merit.

Pursuant to a settlement between the Company and Mr. Holifield, the parties agreed to release and dismiss all claims against the other in the above litigation, and to file a Joint Notice of Nonsuit with Prejudice with the Court (the “Joint Notice”). On October 30, 2017, in response to the Joint Notice, the Court entered an order dismissing all claims between the parties with prejudice. Accordingly, the lawsuit between Isramco and its former general counsel, Dennis Holifield, has settled. After Mr. Holifield reviewed the evidence, he came to the conclusion that there is no basis for his accusations against Isramco, its directors, its officers, and its employees. Mr. Holifield regrets any harm caused to Isramco, Haim Tsuff, Edy Francis, and Amir Sanker.

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As noted above, the Company owns an overriding royalty interest of 1.5375% in the Tamar Field, which will increase to 2.7375% after payout (the “Tamar Royalty”). With regard to the payout of the Tamar Field, a disagreement between the Company and Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership has emerged as to what costs should be included in the calculation of payout.  In addition to actual costs for the development of the Tamar Field, Isramco, Negev 2 Limited Partnership has asserted that the following costs should be included in the calculation of payout: (i) Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership’s financing costs; (ii) the general and administrative expenses of Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership; (iii) the expected decommissioning costs of the Tamar Field; and (iv) expected future payments to be made in respect of the “Sheshinsky Levy” under Israeli law. The disagreement primarily stems from the fact that the agreements governing the creation of the Tamar Royalty were formulated in the 1980s and do not have a clear and unequivocal definition as to what costs should be included in the payout calculation. The Company currently believes that the total scope of the disagreement is approximately forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000). Under the terms of the agreements creating the Tamar Royalty, the dispute is subject to arbitration in Israel. The Company believes that the claims of Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership are erroneous and contrary to generally accepted industry practice. The Company expects that the matter will be favorably resolved through this arbitration process;  however, the Company cannot be assured of a favorable result in this arbitration process. On February 26, 2017, Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership reported the dispute concerning the Tamar Royalty in its filing with the stock exchange in Israel. As noted above, this dispute will be resolved through arbitration proceedings. The Company and Isramco Negev 2-LP have arranged to conduct the arbitration through the Center for Arbitration and Dispute Resolution (CADR) in Israel and have agreed upon the appointment of retired judge Itzhak Inbar to preside over the proceeding. The preliminary arbitration hearing in the matter occurred on August 13, 2017. On February 25, 2018, the Company submitted as Statement of Claim outlining the Company’s position with regard to the matter. Accordingly, the case is still in its early stages. The Company believes that its interpretation of the agreements governing the creation of the Tamar Royalty is the correct interpretation and, accordingly, intends to vigorously pursue its case in the aforementioned arbitration proceedings.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ISRL”. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated, the reported high and low closing prices for our common stock. As of March 12, 2018, there were approximately 139 holders of record of our common stock.

	High		Low
2017
First Quarter	$	129.05	$	109.50
Second Quarter		120.10		101.75
Third Quarter		118.05		100.60
Fourth Quarter		124.90		104.65

2016
First Quarter	$	88.11	$	72.43
Second Quarter		99.93		75.70
Third Quarter		85.00		78.00
Fourth Quarter		124.30		82.90

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and therefore do not anticipate declaring cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends on common stock will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will be dependent upon then existing conditions, including other factors, as the board of directors deems relevant.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The table below contains selected consolidated financial data derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements. The data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report.

	Year Ended December 31,
(thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2017			2016		2015			2014		2013
Revenues and Income (Loss)
Total Revenues		65,947			54,942		74,509			93,898		68,692
Net Income (Loss)		(24,310	)		6,745		(17,310	)		5,162		(6,710	)
Per Share Data
Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Basic		(8.95	)		2.48		(6.37	)		1.90		(2.47	)
Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Diluted		(8.95	)		2.48		(6.37	)		1.90		(2.47	)
Cash Dividends Per Share		-			-		-			-		-
Year-End Stock Price Per Share		104.65			124.30		89.31			138.00		127.05
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Basic		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Total Assets		108,797			141,272		146,957			158,864		157,913
Long-term Obligations		99,039			116,289		124,567			92,674		114,849
Long-Term Debt & Long-Term Accrued Interest		77,369			95,441		104,252			72,628		96,035

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

THE FOLLOWING COMMENTARY SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RELATED NOTES CONTAINED ELSEWHERE IN THIS FORM 10-K. THE DISCUSSION CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES. THESE STATEMENTS RELATE TO FUTURE EVENTS OR OUR FUTURE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. IN SOME CASES, YOU CAN IDENTIFY THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS BY TERMINOLOGY SUCH AS “MAY,” “WILL,” “SHOULD,” “EXPECT,” “PLAN,” “ANTICIPATE,” “BELIEVE,” “ESTIMATE,” “PREDICT,” “POTENTIAL,” “INTEND,” OR “CONTINUE,” AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS. THESE STATEMENTS ARE ONLY PREDICTIONS. OUR ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE ANTICIPATED IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF A VARIETY OF FACTORS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE SET FORTH UNDER “RISK FACTORS” AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS FORM 10-K.

Overview

We are an independent oil and natural gas company engaged in the exploration, development, and production of oil and natural gas properties located onshore in the United States and an owner of various royalty interests offshore Israel. Our properties are primarily located in Texas, New Mexico and Oklahoma. We act as the operator of most of our U.S. properties. Historically, we have grown through acquisitions, with a focus on properties within our core operating areas that we believe have significant development and exploration opportunities and where we can apply our technical experience and economies of scale to increase production and proved reserves while lowering lease operating costs. In August, 2011 we created a new production services subsidiary that began operations in October 2011. As of December 2017, the subsidiary had 33 deployed production services rigs and various trucks that operate primarily in Texas and New Mexico. The Company provides a full range of production services such as well completion and wellbore maintenance, workover, fluid transportation and plugging and abandonment services.

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Segment

Our financial results depend upon many factors, but are largely driven by the volume of our oil and natural gas production and the price that we receive for that production. Our production volumes will decline as reserves are depleted unless we expend capital in successful development and exploration activities or acquire additional properties with existing production. The amount we realize for our production depends predominantly upon commodity prices, which are affected by changes in market demand and supply, as impacted by overall economic activity, weather, pipeline capacity constraints, inventory storage levels, quality, basis differentials and other factors, and secondarily upon our commodity price hedging activities. Accordingly, finding and developing oil and natural gas reserves at economical costs is critical to our long-term success. Our future drilling plans are subject to change based upon various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including drilling results, oil and natural gas prices, the availability and cost of capital, drilling and production costs, availability of drilling services and equipment, gathering system and pipeline transportation constraints and regulatory approvals. To the extent these factors lead to reductions in our drilling plans and associated capital budgets in future periods, our financial position, cash flows and operating results could be adversely impacted.

We own all ownership units in Tamar Royalties, LLC, which owns an overriding royalty interest of 1.5375% before payout / 2.7375% after payout in the Tamar Field (collectively the “Tamar Royalty”). An overriding royalty interest is an ownership interest in the oil and gas leasehold estate equating to a certain percentage of production or production revenues, calculated free of the costs of production and development of the underlying lease(s), but subject to its proportionate share of certain post production costs. An overriding royalty interest is a non-possessory interest in the oil and gas leasehold estate and, accordingly, we have no control over the operations, drilling, expenses, timing, production, sales, or any other aspect of development or production of the Tamar Field.

The Tamar Field project began production in March 2013 and is now operational and delivering natural gas to Israel. The natural gas flows from the Tamar Field through the world’s longest subsea tieback, more than 90 miles to the Tamar platform, and then to the Ashdod onshore terminal.

As noted above with regard to the payout of the Tamar Field, a disagreement between the Company and Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership has emerged as to what costs should be included in the calculation of payout. In addition to actual costs for the development of the Tamar Field, Isramco, Negev 2 Limited Partnership has asserted that the following costs should be included in the calculation of payout: (i) Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership’s financing costs; (ii) the general and administrative expenses of Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership; (iii) the expected decommissioning costs of the Tamar Field; and (iv) expected future payments to be made in respect of the “Sheshinsky Levy” under Israeli law. The disagreement primarily stems from the fact that the agreements governing the creation of the Tamar Royalty were formulated in the 1980s and do not have a clear and unequivocal definition as to what costs should be included in the payout calculation. The Company currently believes that the total scope of the disagreement is approximately forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000). Under the terms of the agreements creating the Tamar Royalty, the dispute is subject to arbitration in Israel. The Company believes that the claims of Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership are erroneous and contrary to generally accepted industry practice. The Company expects that the matter will be favorably resolved through this arbitration process; however, the Company cannot be assured of a favorable result in this arbitration process.

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During year ended December 31, 2017, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to the Company amounted to 5,343,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,990 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.35 per Mcf and $47.46 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $28,781,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,907,000 of this revenue.

During year ended December 31, 2016, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to Isramco amounted to 5,102,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,882 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.34 per Mcf and $37.48 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $27,462,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,866,000 of this revenue.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to the Company amounted to 4,505,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,074 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.52 per Mcf and $46.53 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $25,151,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,665,000 of this revenue.

At December 31, 2017, our estimated total proved oil, natural gas reserves and natural gas liquids, as prepared by our independent reserve engineering firms, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. and Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc., were approximately 38,653 thousand barrels of oil equivalent (“MBOE”), consisting of 1,765 thousand barrels (MBbls) of oil, 216,451 million cubic feet (MMcf) of natural gas and 813 thousand barrels (MBbls) of natural gas liquids. Approximately 86.0% of our proved reserves were classified as proved developed (See Note 13, “Supplemental Oil and Gas Information”). Full year 2017 production averaged 3.78 MBOE/d compared to 3.80 MBOE/d in 2016. Tamar Field production share amounted to 2.46 MBOE/d out of total 3.78 MBOE/d compared to 2.35 MBOE/d in 2016.

Production Services Segment

Our core businesses depend on our customers’ willingness to make expenditures to produce, develop and explore for oil and natural gas in the United States. Industry conditions are influenced by numerous factors, such as the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas, domestic and worldwide economic conditions, political instability in oil producing countries and merger and divestiture activity among oil and natural gas producers. The volatility of the oil and natural gas industry, and the consequent impact on exploration and production activity, could adversely impact the level of workover activity by some of our customers. This volatility also affects the demand for our services and the price of our services. In addition, the discovery rate of new oil and natural gas reserves in our market areas also may have an impact on our business, even in an environment of stronger oil and natural gas prices.

We derive a majority of our revenues from services supporting production from existing oil and natural gas operations including in moderate oil and natural gas price environments, ongoing maintenance spending is generally required to sustain production. However, in a low commodity price environment our customers may reduce their budgets resulting in reduced demand for our services. As oil and natural gas prices reach higher levels, demand for all of our services generally increases as our customers engage in more well servicing activities relating to existing wells to maintain or increase oil and natural gas production from those wells. Because our services are required to support drilling and workover activities, our revenues will vary based on changes in capital spending by our customers as oil and natural gas prices increase or decrease.

The production services market is highly competitive. Competition is influenced by such factors as price, capacity, availability of work crews, and reputation and experience of the service provider. We believe that an important competitive factor in establishing and maintaining long-term customer relationships is having an experienced, skilled and well-trained work force. We believe many of our larger customers place increased emphasis on the safety, performance and quality of the crews, equipment and services provided by their contractors. Although we believe customers consider all of these factors, price is often the primary factor in determining which service provider is awarded the work. However, in numerous instances, we secure and maintain work from large customers for which efficiency, safety, technology, size of fleet and availability of other services are of equal importance to price.

The demand for our services fluctuates, primarily in relation to the price (or anticipated price) of oil and natural gas, which, in turn, is driven primarily by the supply of, and demand for, oil and natural gas. Generally, as supply of those commodities decreases and demand increases, service and maintenance requirements increase as oil and natural gas producers attempt to maximize the productivity of their wells in a higher priced environment. However, in a lower oil and natural gas price environment, demand for service and maintenance generally decreases as oil and natural gas producers decrease their activity. In particular, the demand for new or existing field drilling and completion work is driven by available investment capital for such work. Oil and natural gas producers generally tend to be less risk tolerant when commodity prices are low or volatile, we may experience a more rapid decline in demand for well maintenance services compared with demand for other types of oilfield services. Further, in a low commodity price environment, fewer production services rigs are needed for completions, as these activities are generally associated with drilling activity. The plugging and abandonment work is less affected by prices and generally driven by state regulations and have smaller variations in demand.

The level of our revenues, earnings and cash flows are substantially dependent upon, and affected by, the level of U.S. oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activity, as well as the equipment capacity in any particular region.

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Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported results of operations and the amount of reported assets, liabilities and proved oil and natural gas reserves. Some accounting policies involve judgments and uncertainties to such an extent that there is reasonable likelihood that materially different amounts could have been reported under different conditions, or if different assumptions had been used. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Described below are the most significant policies we apply in preparing our consolidated financial statements, some of which are subject to alternative treatments under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. We also describe the most significant estimates and assumptions we make in applying these policies.

Oil and Natural Gas Activities

Accounting for oil and natural gas activities is subject to unique rules. Two generally accepted methods of accounting for oil and natural gas activities are available - successful efforts and full cost. The most significant differences between these two methods are the treatment of unsuccessful exploration costs and the manner in which the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties are amortized and evaluated for impairment. The successful efforts method requires unsuccessful exploration costs to be expensed as they are incurred upon a determination that the well is uneconomical, while the full cost method provides for the capitalization of these costs. Both methods generally provide for the periodic amortization of capitalized costs based on proved reserve quantities. Impairment of oil and natural gas properties under the successful efforts method is based on an evaluation of the carrying value of individual oil and natural gas properties against their estimated fair value, while impairment under the full cost method requires an evaluation of the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties included in a cost center against the net present value of future cash flows from the related proved reserves, using period-end prices and costs and a 10% discount rate. We account for our natural gas and crude oil exploration and production activities under the successful efforts method of accounting.

Proved Oil and Natural Gas Reserves

Isramco estimates its proved oil and gas reserves as defined by the SEC and the FASB. This definition includes crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible in future periods from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions, operating methods, government regulations, etc., i.e., at prices and costs as of the date the estimates are made. Prices include consideration of price changes provided only by contractual arrangements, and do not include adjustments based upon expected future conditions.

The Company’s estimates of proved reserves are made using available geological and reservoir data, as well as production performance data. These estimates are reviewed annually by our independent reserve engineering firm, Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc and Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. and revised, either upward or downward, as warranted by additional data. Revisions are necessary due to changes in, among other things, reservoir performance, prices, economic conditions, and governmental restrictions, as well as changes in the expected recovery associated with infill drilling. Decreases in prices, for example, may cause a reduction in some proved reserves due to reaching economic limits earlier. A material adverse change in the estimated volumes of proved reserves could have a negative impact on depreciation, depletion and amortization expense (DD&A) and could result in property impairments.

Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization

Our rate of recording DD&A is primarily dependent upon our estimate of proved reserves, which is utilized in our unit-of-production method calculation. If the estimates of proved reserves were to be reduced, the rate at which we record DD&A expense would increase, reducing net income. Such a reduction in reserves may result from lower market prices, which may make it non-economic to drill for and produce higher cost reserves.

Our production services equipment and tools are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided for our assets over the estimated depreciable lives of the assets using the straight-line method. We depreciate our operational assets over their depreciable lives to their salvage value, which is a fair value higher than the assets’ value as scrap. When we scrap an asset, we accelerate the depreciation of the asset down to its salvage value. When we dispose of an asset, a gain or loss is recognized.

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Impairment

We review our property and equipment in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (ASC 360). ASC 360 requires us to evaluate property and equipment as an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the property and equipment below the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of property and equipment is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, then we would recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the current fair value. Further, we evaluate the remaining useful lives of property and equipment at each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining depreciation periods.

Asset Retirement Obligations

We have significant obligations to remove tangible equipment and facilities associated with our oil and gas wells and to restore land at the end of oil and gas production operations. Our removal and restoration obligations are most often associated with plugging and abandoning wells. Estimating the future restoration and removal costs is difficult and requires us to make estimates and judgments because most of the removal obligations we have will be take effect in the future. Additionally, these operations are subject to private contracts and government regulations that often have vague descriptions of what is required. Asset removal technologies and costs are constantly changing, as are regulatory, political, environmental, safety and public relations considerations. Inherent in the present value calculations are numerous assumptions and judgments including the ultimate removal cost amounts, inflation factors, credit adjusted discount rates, timing of obligations and changes in the legal, regulatory, environmental and political environments. 

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We have and may utilize derivative contracts to hedge against the variability in cash flows associated with the forecasted sale of our anticipated future oil and natural gas production. We may generally hedge a substantial, but varying, portion of our anticipated oil and natural gas production for the next years. We do not use derivative instruments for trading purposes. We have elected not to apply hedge accounting to our derivative contracts, which would potentially allow us to not record the change in fair value of our derivative contracts in the consolidated statements of operations. We carry our derivatives at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, with the changes in the fair value included in our consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the change occurs.

Environmental Obligations, Litigation and Other Contingencies

Management makes judgments and estimates in accordance with applicable accounting rules when it establishes reserves for environmental remediation, litigation, and other contingent matters. Provisions for such matters are charged to expense when it is probable that a liability is incurred and reasonable estimates of the liability can be made. Estimates of environmental liabilities are based on a variety of matters, including, but not limited to, the stage of investigation, the stage of the remedial design, evaluation of existing remediation technologies, and presently enacted laws and regulations. In future periods, a number of factors could significantly change the Company’s estimate of environmental-remediation costs, such as changes in laws and regulations, changes in the interpretation or administration of laws and regulations, revisions to the remedial design, unanticipated construction problems, identification of additional areas or volumes of contaminated soil and groundwater, and changes in costs of labor, equipment, and technology. Consequently, it is not possible for management to reliably estimate the amount and timing of all future expenditures related to environmental or other contingent matters and actual costs may vary significantly from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s in-house legal counsel regularly assesses these contingent liabilities and, in certain circumstances, consults with third-party legal counsel or consultants to assist in forming the Company’s conclusion.

Income Taxes and Impact of Tax Reform Legislation

The Company follows ASC 740, Income Taxes, (ASC 740), which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed using the liability method based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.

A valuation allowance is provided, if necessary, to reserve the amount of net operating loss and net deferred tax assets which the Company may not be able to use because of the expiration of maximum carryover periods allowed under applicable tax codes.

On December 22, 2017, the US Congress enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Reform Legislation), which made significant changes to US federal income tax law affecting us. See Note 5. Income Taxes.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary source of cash during the year ended December 31, 2017, was net cash flow from operating activities. We continuously monitor our liquidity and evaluate our development plans in light of a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, our cash flows, capital resources and drilling success.

Our future capital resources and liquidity may depend, in part, on our success in developing the leasehold interests that we have acquired. Cash is required to fund capital expenditures necessary to offset inherent declines in production and proven reserves, which is typical in the capital-intensive oil and gas industry. Future success in growing reserves and production will be highly dependent on the capital resources available and our success in finding and acquiring additional reserves. Our production services subsidiary also requires capital resources to acquire and maintain equipment. We expect to fund our future capital requirements through internally generated cash flows, and borrowings under loans and the credit facility described below. Long-term cash flows are subject to a number of variables, including the level of production, prices, amount of work orders received, and our commodity price hedging activities, as well as various economic conditions that have historically affected the oil and natural gas industry.

On May 18, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC (“Tamar Royalties”), a newly formed, wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiary of the Company entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “DB Facility”) with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (“Deutsche Bank”) in the amount of $120,000,000 secured by the Company’s interest in the Tamar field. Interest on the borrowing is subject to fluctuations in LIBOR. The Company entered into interest rate swap agreements in relation to this borrowing. The terms of the agreement and swaps are disclosed in Notes 3 and 4.

On June 30, 2015, the Company obtained a credit facility (the “SG Facility”) with The Société Générale. The SG facility provided for a commitment by The Société Générale of $150,000,000, subject to an initial borrowing base of $40,000,000. The tenure of the SG Facility was four (4) years and it was secured by certain onshore United States oil and gas properties. Interest on borrowing was variable as disclosed in Note 4 “Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense”. On February 28, 2017 the SG Facility was terminated.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, our cash increased by $3,919,000. Specifically, net cash from operating activities of $18,552,000, was offset by cash used in financing activities of $10,519,000 and cash used in investing activities of $4,114,000.

(See Item 1A “Risk Factors”). 

Commitments and Contingencies

As is common within the oil and natural gas industry, we have entered into various commitments and operating agreements related to the exploration and development of and production from proved oil and natural gas properties. It is our belief that such commitments will be met without a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Contractual Obligations: Aggregate maturities of contractual obligations at December 31, 2017 are due in future years as follows (in thousands):

Principal Payments on Long-term debt:

2018	$	18,900
2019		21,900
2020		17,100
2021		14,700
2022		14,400
2023		11,400
Total	$	98,400

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Debt

	As of December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands except percentage)
Long – term debt net of discount and bank fees		77,369			95,441			104,252
Long – term debt – related party (1)		-			-			-
Current maturities of long-term debt, short-term debt, net of current portion of discount and debt cost and bank overdraft		18,517			9,147			9,952
Total debt		95,886			104,588			114,204
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)		(23,818	)		2,016			(2,868	)
Debt to capital ratio		133	%		98	%		103	%

(1)   The amounts are exclusive of accrued interest.

At year-end 2017, our total debt was $95,886,000 compared to total debt of $104,588,000 at year-end 2016 and $114,204,000 at year-end 2015.

Bank Loan and Credit Facility

The Deutsche Bank Facility

On May 18, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC (“Tamar Royalties”), a newly formed, wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiary of the Company, entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “DB Facility”) with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (“Deutsche Bank”), as facility agent for the lenders and as collateral agent for the secured parties, and with the lenders party thereto. The DB Facility provides for borrowings in the amount of $120,000,000 on a committed basis and is secured by, among other things, an overriding royalty interest in the Tamar Field, a natural gas field in the Mediterranean Sea, equal to 1.5375% before payout / 2.7375% after payout in the Tamar Field (the “Royalty Interest”). In connection with the DB Facility, and pursuant to a royalties sale and contribution agreement, the Company contributed the Royalty Interest to Tamar Royalties in exchange for all of the ownership units of Tamar Royalties. Pursuant to the terms of its governing documents, Tamar Royalties will be managed by N.M.A. Energy Resources Ltd, a related party of the Company, and an independent manager, Donald J. Puglisi.

Pursuant to the terms of the DB Facility, Tamar Royalties borrowed $120,000,000 in its initial borrowing under this facility. The initial borrowing under the DB Facility bears annual interest based on the LIBOR for a three-month interest period plus a spread of 2.75%. The $120,000,000 initial borrowing under the DB Facility will be repaid over eight (8) years commencing July 1, 2015, in accordance with an amortization profile based on projected cash flows from the Royalty Interest. Tamar Royalties’s obligations under the Facility are secured by a first ranking pledge of the shares of Tamar Royalties, first ranking pledge of all rights under the agreements creating the Royalty Interest, and a first priority security interest over the accounts created under the DB Facility.

So long as any amounts remain outstanding to the Lenders under the DB Facility, Tamar Royalties must, from and after the end of the Availability Period (as defined in the DB Facility), have a Historical Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the DB Facility) of not less than 1.00:1.00, a Loan Life Coverage Ratio (as defined in the DB Facility) of at least 1.1:1.00, and maintain a Required Reserve Amount (as defined in the DB Facility). In addition, Tamar Royalties is required under the DB facility to hedge against fluctuations in LIBOR as reflected in Note 3 “Financial Instruments and Fair Value”.

The amortization schedule under the DB Facility was based on the projection that the Investment Repayment Date (as defined therein) would occur at some point before the end of the first quarter of 2018 and therefore, commencing from the Payment Date occurring on 1st April 2018, the amounts to be repaid on each payment date under the credit agreement increase to reflect the expected increase in the Royalties Receivables (as defined therein) as a result of the increase in the royalty percentage following the Investment Repayment Date.

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As noted above with regard to the payout of the Tamar Field, a disagreement between Tamar Royalties and Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership has emerged as to whether certain items  may be included in the calculation of payout. The disagreement largely stems from the fact that the agreements governing the creation of the Tamar Royalty were formulated in the 1980s and do not have a clear and unequivocal definition as to what costs should be included in the payout calculation. The Company currently believes that the total scope of the disagreement is approximately forty five million dollars ($45,000,000). Under the terms of the agreements creating the Tamar Royalty, the dispute is subject to arbitration in Israel. The Company expects that the matter will be resolved through this arbitration process. However, the Company cannot be assured of a favorable result resulting from this arbitration process.  Accordingly, the Company continues to receive royalty payments at the lower rates as if the Investment Repayment Date has not occurred.

Therefore, as a result of the dispute with the Isramco Negev 2, Tamar Royalties will have a shortfall in its Royalties Receivables for the period (or part of the period) between 1st April 2018 and 1st April 2019, by which time, even if the Isramco Negev 2’s claims regarding the Investment Repayment Date are accepted, the Investment Repayment Date is expected to occur.

As a result, the Company believes Tamar Royalites required an additional $15,600,000 USD to cover payments under the amortization schedule of the DB Facility  (the “Shortfall”), and the Company believes that curing the Shortfall was in the best interest of both Isramco Inc. and Tamar Royalties.  Therefore, Isramco Inc. contributed the expected amount of the Shortfall, being $15,600,000 USD, to Tamar Royalties as an additional capital contribution and such contribution was made pursuant to the terms and conditions of that certain Consent and Agreement dated February 27, 2018, between and among Tamar Royalties, as Borrower, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Facility Agent and Collateral Agent, and the Lenders party thereto.  As a result of the aforementioned contribution, together with the terms and conditions of the aforementioned consent and assignment, Tamar Royalties remains in compliance with all covenants of the DB Facility.

In 2015 the Company incurred debt costs in obtaining the facility in the amount of $2,011,000 and $2,959,000 in fees were retained by the lenders. These costs totaling $4,970,000 were recorded as a reduction of the principal loan balance and are being amortized over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. Amortization of these costs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 totaled $789,000, $820,000, and $402,000 respectively.

In connection with the DB Facility, the Company and Tamar Royalties entered into an Intercompany Loan Agreement dated May 18, 2015 (the “Intercompany Loan Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Intercompany Loan Agreement, Tamar Royalties LLC provided a loan to the Company in an aggregate principal amount of $108,000,000 USD. The purpose of the Intercompany Loan was to repay indebtedness owed by the Company to related parties, to enable acquisitions and capital expenditures by the Company, and for other general corporate purposes of the Company.

As of December 31, 2017, Tamar Royalties was in compliance with the financial covenants required under the DB Facility.

The Société Générale Facility

On June 30, 2015, Isramco Onshore LLC (“Isramco Onshore”), a newly formed, wholly-owned, subsidiary of Isramco, Inc. (the “Company”), entered into a secured Credit Agreement (the “SG Facility”) with The Société Générale, as Administrative Agent and Issuing Lender, SG Americas Securities LLC, as Sole Bookrunner, Lead Arranger and Documentation Agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time, as Lenders. The SG Facility provides for a commitment by The Société Générale of $150,000,000, subject to an initial borrowing base of $40,000,000. The tenure of the SG Facility was four (4) years and the SG Facility was secured by certain onshore United States oil and gas properties. Pricing under the SG Facility was as follows: (i) for EuroDollar Rate (as defined in the SG Facility) loans range from the EuroDollar rate plus 1.75% to the EuroDollar rate plus 2.75% depending on borrowing base utilization; and (ii) for Reference Rate (as defined in the SG Facility) loans ranges from the Reference Rate plus 0.75% to the Reference Rate Spread plus 1.75% based on borrowing base utilization; (iii) a quarterly commitment fee (as defined in the SG Facility) ranging from an annual rate of 0.38% to 0.5% of the undrawn borrowing base.

The SG Facility provided that Isramco Onshore hedge at least seventy-five percent (75%) of its crude oil production before borrowing under the SG Facility. As of December 31, 2017 and as of the date of issuance Isramco Onshore has not entered into such hedge agreements nor has it made a draw under the SG Facility. The Company incurred $478,000 of financing costs in relation to this credit facility which were capitalized as a long-term asset and amortized over the term on the agreement on a straight-line basis until December 31, 2016 at which time the remaining balance totaling $299,000 was expensed.

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Isramco Onshore had various financial and operating covenants required by the SG Facility, including, among other things, the requirement that, during the term of the SG Facility, Isramco Onshore must have a Minimum Current Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of not less than 1.00:1.00, a Maximum Leverage Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of not less than 4.00:1.00 and a Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of at least 2.50:1.00. In addition, the SG Facility provided for customary events of default, including, but not limited to, payment defaults, breach of representations or covenants, bankruptcy events and change of control.

On August 18, 2016 as a result of semi-annual borrowing base redetermination the borrowing base under SG Facility was reduced to zero. On February 28, 2017 the SG Facility was terminated.

Related Party Debt

A discussion of the Company’s related party debt previously outstanding in fiscal year 2015 is set forth below. On June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt discussed below. The final payment totaled $101,022,000 which included loan principal payments totaling $93,395,000 and interest payments totaling $7,267,000. The remaining portion of the payment equal to $360,000 repaid related party payables. As result, all such related party debt was repaid and the outstanding balance as of December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 was zero.

I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. (“IOC”)

On February 27, 2007, Isramco obtained a loan in the principal amount of $12,000,000 from IOC, repayable at the end of five years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal is due and payable in four equal annual installments, commencing on the second anniversary of the loan. Accrued interest is payable in equal annual installments. At any time Isramco can make prepayments without premium or penalty. The loan is not secured.

In July 2009, the Company entered into a loan transaction with IOC, a related party, pursuant to which the Company borrowed $6 million (the “IOC Loan”). Amounts outstanding under the IOC Loan bear interest at LIBOR plus 6.0%. The IOC Loan matures in five years, with accrued interest payable annually on each anniversary date of the loan. The IOC Loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty.

Effective February 1, 2009, the loan from IOC was amended and restated to extend the payment deadlines arising on and after February 2009, by two years.

On March 3, 2011, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with IOC pursuant to which it borrowed the sum of $11,000,000. The loan bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum and is payable in quarterly payments of interest only until March 3, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty. The loan is unsecured. During September 2011, Isramco paid $4,544,000 of principal pursuant to this Loan agreement with IOC leaving outstanding principle of $6,456,000.

Subsequently, in October 2011 the agreement with IOC, pertaining to the above mentioned loan in the outstanding principal amount of $6,456,000 was renegotiated. The payoff of principal amount was extended by 6 month to September 9, 2013. Interest accrued per annum was determined on LIBOR+5.5% from initial 10%.

On March 29, 2012, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with IOC pursuant to which it borrowed $3,500,000. The loan bears interest at a rate of Libor + 5.5% per annum and matures on March 29, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan was unsecured.

On April 29, 2012, the Company entered into another Loan Agreement with IOC, pursuant to which it borrowed $10,000,000. The loan bears interest of Libor+5.5% per annum and matures on April 30, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan was funded by IOC in three monthly installments starting April 2012. The loan is unsecured. The purpose of the loan was to provide funds to Isramco for the payment of amounts that were due to the Lenders under the Senior Credit Facility that was paid in full June 29, 2012.

On February 13, 2013, the Company entered into another Loan Agreement with IOC, pursuant to which it borrowed $1,500,000. The loan bears interest of Libor+6% per annum and matures on February 13, 2018, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan is unsecured. The purpose of the loan was to provide funds to back up a Letter of Credit.

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On March 1, 2013, all of the above-mentioned Loan agreements and notes with IOC except for the $1,500,000 loan agreement entered on February 13, 2013, were amended. The terms of all these loans and notes between the Company and IOC were amended extending the maturity to December 31, 2018. In addition the payment schedule was changed on the all of the loans and notes to require accrued interest only payments December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017 and final interest payment December 31, 2018 with outstanding principal paid in four equal installments with the first payment December 31, 2015 and a similar payment made December 31 in each of the following three years until the final payment on December 31, 2018. The other terms of the loan agreements and notes remained unchanged.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the IOC debts have been paid in full.

Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and is a controlling shareholder of IOC.

Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp. Ltd., (“Naphtha”)

In connection with the Company’s purchase of certain oil and gas interests mainly in New Mexico and Texas in February 2007, the Company obtained loan from Naphtha, a related party, with terms and conditions as below:

On February 27, 2007, Isramco obtained a loan, in the principal amount of $11,500,000 from Naphtha, repayable at the end of seven years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal is due and payable in four equal installments, commencing on the fourth anniversary of the date of the loan. Interest is payable annually upon each anniversary date of this loan. At any time Isramco can make prepayments without premium or penalty. The loan is not secured. Interest is payable at the end of each loan year. Principal plus any accrued and unpaid interest are due and payable on February 27, 2014. Interest after the maturity date accrues at the per annum rate of LIBOR plus 12% until paid in full. At any time, Isramco is entitled to prepay the outstanding amount of the loan without penalty or prepayment. To secure its obligations that may be incurred under the Loan Agreement, Jay Petroleum, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Isramco, agreed to guarantee the indebtedness. Naphtha can accelerate the loan and exercise its rights under the collateral upon the occurrence any one or more of the following events of default: (i) Isramco’s failure to pay any amount that may become due in connection with the loan within five (5) days of the due date (whether by extension, renewal, acceleration, maturity or otherwise) or fail to make any payment due under any hedge agreement entered into in connection with the transaction, (ii) Isramco’s material breach of any of the representations or warranties made in the loan agreement or security instruments or any writing furnished pursuant thereto, (iii) Isramco’s failure to observe any undertaking contained in transaction documents if such failure continues for 30 calendar days after notice, (iv) Isramco’s insolvency or liquidation or a bankruptcy event or (v) Isramco’s criminal indictment or conviction under any law pursuant to which such indictment or conviction can lead to a forfeiture by Isramco of any of the properties securing the loan.

Effective February 1, 2009, the loan from Naphtha to the Company was amended and restated to extend all payment deadlines arising on and after February 2009, by two years.

On March 1, 2013, the terms of the existing loan and note between the Company and Naphtha was amended extending the maturity to December 31, 2018. The payment schedule was changed on the Naphtha loan and note to require interest only payments December 31, 2013, December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017 and the final interest payment December 31, 2018 with principal outstanding paid in four equal installments with the first payment December 31, 2015 and a similar payment made December 31 in each of the following three years until the final payment on December 31, 2018. The other terms of the loan agreement and note remained unchanged.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the Naphtha debts have been paid in full.

Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and is a controlling shareholder of Naphtha.

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Jerusalem Oil Exploration Ltd (“JOEL”)

In February and March, 2008 the Company obtained loans from JOEL in the aggregate principal amount of $48.9 million, repayable at the end of 4 months at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.25% per annum. Pursuant to a loan agreement signed in June 2009, the maturity date of this loan was extended for an additional period of seven years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal and interest are due and payable in four equal annual installments, commencing on June 30, 2013. At any time, we can make prepayments without premium or penalty.

On June 30, 2013, the terms of an Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated May 25, 2008, and note between the Company and Jerusalem Oil Exploration, Ltd. (“JOEL”) were amended to extend the maturity date to June 30, 2017. The payment schedule of the loan agreement and note was amended to require principal and accrued interest to be paid in three (3) installments in the amounts reflected in Promissory Note due on June 30th of each year commencing June 30, 2015. The other terms of the loan agreement and note remained unchanged.

Mr. Jackob Maimon, Isramco’s president at the time and a former director of the Company is a director of JOEL. Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, is a controlling shareholder of JOEL.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the JOEL debts have been paid in full.

Isramco also had related party payables of $60,000 and $90,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively which are included with short term related party debt on the balance sheets.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At December 31, 2017, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Cash Flow

Our primary source of cash in 2017 was cash flow from operating activities. In 2017, cash received from operations and proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties was primarily used for repayment of long-term debt, short-term debt, investments in equipment and an increase in restricted cash.

Our primary source of cash in 2016 was cash flow from operating activities. In 2016, cash received from operations and proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties was primarily used for repayment of long-term debt, short-term debt, investments in equipment and an increase in restricted cash.

Our primary source of cash in 2015 was cash flow from financing activities. In 2015, net cash received from bank loans, sales of property, and operating activities was primarily used to replay related party loans and short-term debt, increase restricted cash, and investment in equipment for our production services subsidiary and oil and gas properties.

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Operating cash flow fluctuations were substantially driven by changes in commodity prices and changes in our production volumes. Working capital was substantially influenced by these variables. Fluctuation in commodity prices and our overall cash flow may result in an increase or decrease in our future capital expenditures. Prices for oil and natural gas have historically been subject to seasonal fluctuations characterized by peak demand and higher prices in the winter heating season; however, the impact of other risks and uncertainties have influenced prices throughout recent years. See Results of Operations below for a review of the impact of prices and volumes on sales.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Cash flows provided by operating activities	$	18,552		$	15,510		$	8,911
Cash flows (used in) investing activities		(4,114	)		(807	)		(4,680	)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities		(10,519	)		(10,691	)		15,820
Net increase in cash	$	3,919		$	4,012		$	20,051

Operating Activities, Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $18,552,000, $15,510,000, and $8,911,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Key drivers of net operating cash flows are commodity prices, production volumes, operating costs, proceeds from an overriding royalty interest in the Tamar Field and activities of our production services subsidiary.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016, net cash flow provided by operating activities increased by $3,042,000 to $18,552,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to the same period in 2015, net cash flow provided by operating activities increased by $6,599,000 to $15,510,000.

We are unable to predict future production levels, future commodity prices, future proceeds from our Tamar Field royalties, and future revenues generated by our production services segment; therefore, we cannot predict future levels of net cash provided by operating activities.

Investing Activities, Net cash flows used in investing activities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $4,114,000 and $807,000, respectively. During 2017 and 2016 the Company invested in equipment and oil and gas properties in amounts equal to $4,184,000 ($615,000 in oil and gas properties and $3,569,000 in production services equipment) and $794,000 ($157,000 in oil and gas properties and $637,000 in production services equipment) respectively. During 2017 the Company increased restricted cash by $2,653,000, received $2,705,000 from the sale of oil and gas properties, invested $31,000 in a LLC, and received $49,000 from the sale of equipment.

Net cash flows used in investing activities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $807,000 and $4,680,000, respectively. During 2016 and 2015 the Company invested in equipment and oil and gas properties in amounts equal to $794,000 ($157,000 in oil and gas properties and $637,000 in production services equipment) and $4,883,000 ($2,292,000 in oil and gas properties and $2,591,000 in production services equipment) respectively. During 2016 the Company increased restricted cash by $557,000, received $600,000 from the sale of oil and gas properties, invested $133,000 in a LLC, and received $77,000 from the sale of equipment.

Financing Activities, Net cash flows used in financing activities were $10,519,000 and $10,691,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In 2017, the Company made $9,600,000 in principal loan payments. The Company also repaid short-term insurance financing of $911,000.

Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities were ($10,691,000) and $15,820,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. In 2016, the Company made $9,000,000 in principal loan payments. The Company also repaid short-term insurance financing of $1,341,000, and decreased bank overdraft by $350,000. 

42

Results of Continuing Operations

Selected Data

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands except per share and MBOE amounts)
Financial Results
Oil and Gas sales
United States	$	15,109		$	12,947		$	17,047
Israel		28,781			27,462			25,151
Production services		18,265			12,752			22,465
Gain on divestiture		2,703			600			8,378
Other		1,089			1,181			1,468
Total revenues and other		65,947			54,942			74,509
Cost and expenses		41,321			40,875			97,365
Other expense		4,815			5,544			7,383
Income tax expense (benefit)		45,637			3,634			(9,251	)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders		(25,826	)		4,889			(20,988	)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,516	)		(1,856	)		(3,678	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		(24,310	)		6,745			(17,310	)
Earnings (loss) per common share – basic	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48		$	(6.37	)
Earnings (loss) per common share –diluted	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48		$	(6.37	)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Weighted average number of shares outstanding- diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Operating Results
Adjusted EBITDAX (1)	$	31,970		$	24,847		$	31,177
Total proved reserves (MBOE)		38,653			34,582			36,220
Sales volumes United States (MBOE)		483			528			623
Sales volumes Israel (MBOE)		897			857			757
Average cost per BOE - United States:
Production (excluding transportation and taxes)	$	15.79		$	13.76		$	19.88
General and administrative	$	9.65		$	8.49		$	7.71
Depletion of oil and gas properties	$	5.08		$	6.58		$	9.77

(1)   See Adjusted EBITDAX for a description of Adjusted EBITDAX, which is not a Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) measure, and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDAX to income from operations before income taxes, which is presented in accordance with GAAP.

Financial Results

Net Income (Loss)

In 2017 our net loss was $(24,310,000), or $(8.95) per share. This compares to net income of $6,745,000, or $2.48 per share for the year ended December 31, 2016.

This decrease in income is primarily due to the increase in allowance for foreign tax credit and deferred tax assets. We fully allowed for our accumulated future tax credit related to the taxes withheld by the Israeli taxing authorities. The valuation allowance amounted to $28,677,000. Total foreign tax credit balance was written off after the passing of new tax legislation of New Tax Reform in the United States which lowered the corporate tax rate to a level that eliminated the forecasted usage of the accumulated foreign tax credit. Likewise we increased our allowance to fully allow for our deferred tax assets see Item 5 Income Tax. This increase in tax expense was partially offset by increased revenues from our United States based production operations, increased revenues from the Tamar field, increased revenues from production service activities, and an increased in gain on divestiture.

43

In 2016 our net income was $6,745,000, or $2.48 per share. This compares to net loss of $(17,310,000), or $(6.37) per share for the year ended December 31, 2015.

This increase was primarily due to the decrease in impairment expense from $43,704,000 in 2015 to $4,529,000 in 2016. Additionally lease operating expenses decreased by $5,903,000 from $14,828,000 in 2015 to $8,925,000 in 2016 and Tamar Field proceeds increased by $2,311,000 from $25,151,000 in 2015 to $27,462,000 in 2016. This increase was offset by decreased revenues from our US based oil and gas assets and production services subsidiary which was driven by decrease in natural gas and crude oil prices which in turn reduced demand for our production services; and lower sales volumes of oil, natural gas and NGLs. Additionally the increase in net income was offset lower gain on divestiture, $600,000 in 2016 as compared to $8,378,000 in 2015.

Revenues, Volumes and Average Prices Oil and Gas Segment - Israel

During year ended December 31, 2017, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to the Company amounted to 5,343,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,990 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.35 per Mcf and $47.46 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $28,781,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,907,000 of this revenue.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to the Company amounted to 5,102,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,882 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.34 per Mcf and $37.48 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $27,462,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,866,000, of this revenue.

During year ended December 31, 2015, net sales from the Tamar Field attributable to the Company amounted to 4,505,000 Mcf of natural gas and 6,074 Bbl of condensate with prices of $5.52 per Mcf and $46.53 per Bbl of condensate. Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses were $25,151,000. The Israeli Tax Authority withheld $6,665,000 of this revenue.

Revenues, Volumes and Average Prices Oil and Gas Segment - United States

Sales Revenues

	Years Ended December 31,
In thousands except percentages	2017		2016		Dvs. 2016			2015		D vs. 2015
Gas sales	$	3,955	$	3,209		23	%	$	3,935		(18	)%
Oil sales		9,558		8,506		12			11,677		(27	)
Natural gas liquid sales		1,596		1,232		30			1,435		(14	)
Total	$	15,109	$	12,947		17	%	$	17,047		(24	)%

Our sales revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by 17% when compared to the same period of 2016, due to increase in prices for natural gas and crude oil and natural gas liquids partially offset by reduced production volumes. Our sales revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased by 24% when compared to the same period of 2015, primarily due to decrease in prices and production volumes for crude oil and natural gas.

Volumes and Average Prices

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		D vs. 2016			2015		D vs. 2015
Natural Gas
Sales volumes Mmcf		1,320		1,417		(7	)%		1,640		(14	)%
Price per Mcf	$	3.00	$	2.26		33		$	2.40		(6	)
Total gas sales revenues (thousands)	$	3,955	$	3,209		23	%	$	3,935		(18	)%
Crude Oil
Sales volumes MBbl		196		215		(9	)%		257		(16	)%
Price per Bbl	$	48.77	$	39.56		23		$	45.44		(13	)
Total oil sales revenues (thousands)	$	9,558	$	8,506		12	%	$	11,677		(27	)%
Natural gas liquids
Sales volumes MBbl		67		77		(13	)%		93		(17	)%
Price per Bbl	$	23.82	$	16.00		49		$	15.43		4
Total natural gas liquids sales revenues (thousands)	$	1,596	$	1,232		30	%	$	1,435		(14	)%

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The Company’s natural gas sales volumes decreased by 7%, crude oil sales volumes decreased by 9% and natural gas liquids sales volumes decreased by 13% for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016.

Our average natural gas price for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by 33%, or $0.74 per Mcf, when compared to the same period of 2016. Our average crude oil price for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by 23%, or $9.21 per Bbl, when compared to the same period of 2016. Our average natural gas liquids price for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by 49%, or $7.82 per Bbl, when compared to the same period of 2016.

The Company’s natural gas sales volumes decreased by 14%, crude oil sales volumes decreased by 16% and natural gas liquids sales volumes decreased by 17% for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period of 2015.

Our average natural gas price for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased by 6%, or $0.14 per Mcf, when compared to the same period of 2015. Our average crude oil price for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased by 13%, or $5.88 per Bbl, when compared to the same period of 2015. Our average natural gas liquids price for the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by 4%, or $0.57 per Bbl, when compared to the same period of 2015.

Analysis of Oil and Gas Operations Sales Revenues

The following table provides a summary of the effects of changes in volumes and prices on Isramco’s sales revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 2016 and 2015.

In thousands	Natural Gas			Oil			Natural gas liquids
2015 sales revenues	$	3,935		$	11,677		$	1,435
Changes associated with sales volumes		(535	)		(1,908	)		(247	)
Changes in prices		(191	)		(1,263	)		44
2016 sales revenues	$	3,209		$	8,506		$	1,232
Changes associated with sales volumes		(220	)		(752	)		(160	)
Changes in prices		966			1,804			524
2017 sales revenues	$	3,955		$	9,558		$	1,596

Operating Expenses (excluding production services segment)

	Years Ended December 31,
In thousands except percentages	2017		2016			D vs. 2016			2015		D vs. 2015
Lease operating expense, transportation and taxes	$	9,478	$	8,925			6	%	$	14,828		(40	)%
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of oil and gas properties		2,454		3,474			(29	)		6,091		(43	)
Impairments of oil and gas assets		1,682		4,529			(63	)		33,138		(86	)
Accretion expense		913		897			2			856		5
Loss from plug and abandonment		26		(3	)	NM				91		(103	)
General and administrative		4,662		4,485			4			4,806		(7	)
	$	19,215	$	22,307			(14	)%	$	59,810		(63	)%

NM – Not Meaningful

45

During 2017, our operating expenses decreased by 14% when compared to 2016 as highlighted below:

●   Lease operating expense, transportation cost and taxes increased by 6%, or $553,000 in 2017 when compared to 2016. On a per unit basis, lease operating expenses (excluding transportation and taxes) increased by $2.03 per MBOE to $15.79 per MBOE in 2017 from $13.76 per MBOE in 2016. The increase was a result of an increase in repair and maintenance activity as oil, natural gas and NGLs prices increased.

●   Depreciation, Depletion &Amortization (DD&A) of the cost of proved oil and gas properties is calculated using the unit-of-production method. Our DD&A rate and expense are the composite of numerous individual field calculations. There are several factors that can impact our composite DD&A rate and expense, including but not limited to field production profiles, drilling or acquisition of new wells, disposition of existing wells, and reserve revisions (upward or downward) primarily related to well performance and commodity prices, and impairments. Changes in these factors may cause our composite DD&A rate and expense to fluctuate from period to period. DD&A decreased by 29%, or $1,020,000, in 2017 when compared to 2016. On a per unit basis, depletion expenses decreased by $1.50 per MBOE to $5.08 per MBOE in 2017 from $6.58 per MBOE in 2016 due to a lower beginning balance resulted from previous years impairments and lower production volumes compared to 2016.

●   Impairments of oil and gas assets of $1,682,000 in 2017 were primarily the result of lower estimated future production in several fields which reduced the projected value in those fields from prior estimates and resulted in a projected value lower than the carrying value of those fields which triggered impairment.

●   Loss from plugging and abandonment expenses increased by $29,000 in 2017 when compared to 2016, primarily due to an increase in the wells plugged in 2017.

●   General and administrative expenses increased as a result of increased professional fees. This increase was partially offset by a lesser increase in allowance for doubtful accounts and no write off of deferred financing costs as had occurred in 2016.

During 2016, our operating expenses decreased by 63% when compared to 2015 as highlighted below:

●   Lease operating expense, transportation cost and taxes decreased by 40%, or $5,903,000 in 2016 when compared to 2015. On a per unit basis, lease operating expenses (excluding transportation and taxes) decreased by $6.12 per MBOE to $13.76 per MBOE in 2016 from $19.88 per MBOE in 2015. The decrease was a direct result of company efforts to reduce costs through delaying well repairs, reducing vendor prices, and reducing employee headcount/wages.

●   Depreciation, Depletion &Amortization (DD&A) of the cost of proved oil and gas properties is calculated using the unit-of-production method. Our DD&A rate and expense are the composite of numerous individual field calculations. There are several factors that can impact our composite DD&A rate and expense, including but not limited to field production profiles, drilling or acquisition of new wells, disposition of existing wells, and reserve revisions (upward or downward) primarily related to well performance and commodity prices, and impairments. Changes in these factors may cause our composite DD&A rate and expense to fluctuate from period to period. DD&A decreased by 43%, or $2,617,000, in 2016 when compared to 2015. On a per unit basis, depletion expenses decreased by $3.19 per MBOE to $6.58 per MBOE in 2016 from $9.77 per MBOE in 2015 due to a decrease in the depletable base as a result of prior year impairments.

●   Impairments of oil and gas assets of $4,529,000 in 2016 were primarily the result of lower estimated future production in several fields which reduced the projected value in those fields from prior estimates and resulted in a projected value lower than the carrying value of those fields which triggered impairment.

●   Loss from plugging and abandonment expenses decreased by 103%, or $94,000 in 2016 when compared to 2015, primarily due to a decrease in the wells plugged in 2016.

●   The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to decrease in bad debt expenses and professional fees partially offset by a 2016 write-off of $299,000 in deferred financing costs.

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Production Services Segment

	Years Ended December 31,
In thousands except percentages	2017			2016			D vs. 2016			2015			D vs. 2015
Production Services (1)	$	18,265		$	12,752			43	%	$	22,465			(43	)%
Operating expenses		18,241			14,494			26			21,802			(34	)
Depreciation		3,072			3,193			(4	)		3,853			(17	)
Impairment		-			-			0			10,566			(100	)
General and administrative (1)		913			1,001			(9	)		1,454			(31	)
Operating income	$	(3,961	)	$	(5,936	)		33	%	$	(15,210	)		61	%

(1) Production Services revenue includes intersegment revenues and expenses.

●  The revenues from production services operations in 2017 increased by 43% or $5,513,000 when compared to 2016 primarily due to a rebound in crude oil prices which resulted in growth in our trucking services through customer acquisition. The revenues from production services operations in 2016 decreased by 43% or $9,713,000 when compared to 2015 primarily due to a continued decrease in crude oil and natural gas prices that triggered a continued decrease in demand for our production services.

●  Operating expenses from production services operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 has increased by 26% or $3,747,000 when compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily associated with an increase in payroll, fuel, and other related expenses as a result of increase in trucking services. Operating expenses from production services operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 has decreased by 34% or $7,308,000 when compared to the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily associated with reduction in payroll, fuel, and other related expenses as a result of decrease in number of deployed rigs.

●  Production service equipment depreciation – the amounts represent depreciation for our production services rigs and auxiliary equipment. The depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by $121,000 compared to 2016. The decrease in depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 of $660,000 is a result of a decrease in the depreciable base stemming from the impairment in 2015.

●  Impairment of production service equipment – we analyze the potential impairment of property and equipment annually as of December 31 or on an interim basis if events or circumstances indicate that the fair values of the assets have decreased below the carrying value. Our analysis for potential impairment of property and equipment requires us to estimate undiscounted future cash flows. Actual impairment charges are recorded using an estimate of discounted future cash flows. The determination of future cash flows requires us to estimate rates and utilization in future periods and such estimates can change based on market conditions, technological advances in industry or changes in regulations governing the industry.

As a result of the downturn which began in late 2014 and worsened through 2015, we performed impairment testing on our equipment as of December 31, 2015. Such testing indicated that the carrying value of our production services equipment was not recoverable and thus we recorded an impairment of $10,566,000 at December 31, 2015. No such impairment was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

●  For the year ended December 31, 2017 general and administrative expenses decreased by 9% or $88,000 from 2016 primarily as a result of lesser increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts partially offset by increased legal fees. General and administrative expenses from production services operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased by 31% or $453,000 from 2015 primarily as a result of lesser increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts. 

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Other expenses

	Years Ended December 31,
In thousands except percentages	2017			2016		D vs. 2016			2015		D vs. 2015
Interest expense net	$	4,784		$	4,817		(1	)%	$	2,432		98	%
Interest expense – related party, net		-			-		0			2,878		(100	)
Loss from derivative contracts, net		176			657		(73	)		1,988		(67	)
Capital (gain) loss		(145	)		70		307			85		(18	)
	$	4,815		$	5,544		(18	)%	$	7,383		(25	)%

●  Net Interest expense. Isramco’s interest expense decreased only slightly, by $33,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 as increased interest income from investment and the reduced principal balance on loans was partially offset by the increase in the indexed interest rate.

Isramco’s interest expense including related party interest expense decreased by 9%, or $493,000, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period of 2015. This decrease was primarily due to lower interest rates on the loans and lower average principal balance outstanding during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.

●  Net loss on derivative contracts.During 2015 we entered into interest rate cap and swap agreements. These agreements are considered derivative and are accounted for with mark-to-market valuation. The loss in fair value of these contracts is recorded in the statement of operations. The loss from derivative contracts decreased from $1,988,000 in 2015 to $657,000 in 2016 and to $176,000 in 2017 primarily as a result of an increase in the estimated future LIBOR rate which is a factor in determining the market value of the derivatives.

Income Taxes and Impact of Tax Reform Legislation

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $45,637,000. The tax expense was primarily due to the full allowance of amounts previously in deferred tax assets as future tax credits related to tax withheld by the Israel taxation authorities on Tamar Field proceeds and the full allowance of other deferred tax assets. On December 22, 2017, the US Congress enacted the Tax Reform Legislation, which made significant changes to US federal income tax law, including a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Under US GAAP, we are required to recognize the effect of a rate change on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the period in which the tax rate change is enacted. At the lower tax rate, we projected that we would not be able to recover accumulated foreign tax credits balance to reduce our future tax burden and therefore recorded a full valuation allowance of  $31,091,000. In addition, a full valuation allowance was recorded to reduce deferred tax assets balances as of December 31, 2017 due to uncertainty in their future recoverability - see Note 5 Income Taxes. Our pre-tax income of $19,811,000 for 2017 increased by $11,288,000 from pre-tax income in 2016 of $8,523,000. This increase in pre-tax income from 2016 to 2017 was primarily the result of a $5,513,000 increase in production services revenues, a $2,162,000 increase revenues from United States based oil and gas assets, a $2,103,000 increase in gain on divestiture, and a $1,319,000 increase in Tamar Field proceeds. This increase was partially offset by increased operating expenses.

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $3,634,000. The tax expense was primarily due to our pre-tax income of $8,523,000 which was primarily due to the decrease in impairment expense from $43,704,000 in 2015 to $4,529,000 in 2016. Additionally lease operating expenses decreased by $5,903,000 from $14,828,000 in 2015 to $8,925,000 in 2016 and Tamar Field proceeds increased by $2,311,000 from $25,151,000 in 2015 to $27,462,000 in 2016. This increase was offset by decreased revenues from our US based oil and gas assets and production services subsidiary which was driven by decrease in natural gas and crude oil prices which in turn reduced demand for our production services; and lower sales volumes of oil, natural gas and NGLs. Additionally the increase in net income was offset lower gain on divestiture, $600,000 in 2016 as compared to $8,378,000 in 2015.

The effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were 230.4%, 42.6% and 30.6%, respectively.

Adjusted EBITDAX.

To assess the operating results of Isramco, management analyzes income from operations before income taxes, interest expense, exploration expense, unrealized gain (loss) on derivative contracts and DD&A expense and impairments (“Adjusted EBITDAX”). Adjusted EBITDAX is not a GAAP measure. Isramco’s definition of Adjusted EBITDAX excludes exploration expense because exploration expense is not an indicator of operating efficiency for a given reporting period, but rather is monitored by management as a part of the costs incurred in exploration and development activities. Similarly, Isramco excludes DD&A expense and impairments from Adjusted EBITDAX as a measure of segment operating performance because capital expenditures are evaluated at the time capital costs are incurred. The Company’s definition of Adjusted EBITDAX also excludes interest expense to allow for assessment of segment operating results without regard to Isramco’s financing methods or capital structure. Adjusted EBITDAX is a widely accepted financial indicator of a company’s ability to incur and service debt, fund capital expenditures and make payments on its long term loans. Management believes that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDAX provides information useful in assessing the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

48

However, Adjusted EBITDAX, as defined by Isramco, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Therefore, Isramco’s consolidated Adjusted EBITDAX should be considered in conjunction with income (loss) from operations and other performance measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, such as operating income or cash flow from operating activities. Adjusted EBITDAX has important limitations as an analytical tool because it excludes certain items that affect income from continuing operations and net cash provided by operating activities. Adjusted EBITDAX should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of Isramco’s results as reported under GAAP. Below is a reconciliation of consolidated Adjusted EBITDAX to income (loss) from operations before income taxes.

	Years Ended December 31,
In thousands	2017			2016			2015
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes (1)	$	19,811		$	8,523		$	(30,239	)
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment expense		7,208			11,196			53,648
Interest expense, net		4,784			4,817			5,310
Loss (gain) on derivative contract		(746	)		(586	)		1,602
Accretion Expenses		913			897			856
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDAX	$	31,970		$	24,847		$	31,177

(1)   Including net gain on divestiture $2,703,000 in 2017, $600,000 in 2016, and $8,378,000 in 2015.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

We discuss recently adopted and issued accounting standards in Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental Data–Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Commodity Price Risk and Derivative Instruments

We are exposed to various risks, including energy commodity price risk. If oil and natural gas prices decline significantly our ability to finance our capital budget and operations could be adversely impacted. We expect energy prices to remain volatile and unpredictable, therefore we have adopted a risk management policy which provides for the use of derivative instruments to provide partial protection against declines in oil and natural gas prices by reducing the risk of price volatility and the affect it could have on our operations. The type of derivative instrument that we typically utilize is swaps. The total volumes which we hedge through the use of our derivative instruments vary from period to period.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into certain swap and cap agreements with Deutsche Bank AG London Branch to hedge the risk of interest rate volatility loan balances. See Note 3 “Financial Instruments and Fair Value” for details.

We may be exposed to market risk on our open derivative contracts of non-performance by our counterparties. However, we do not expect such non-performance because our contracts are with major financial institutions with investment grade credit ratings.

We account for our derivative activities under the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, (ASC 815). ASC 815 establishes accounting and reporting that every derivative instrument be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. Please refer to Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental Data—Note 3, “Financial Instruments and Fair Value” for additional information. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 we did not have open commodity derivative positions.

Interest-Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to adverse changes in interest rates. Our interest rate risk results primarily from fluctuations in short-term rates, which are LIBOR based. If interest rates increase, our interest expense would increase and our available cash flow would decrease. Periodically, we look to utilize interest rate swaps to reduce the exposure to market rate fluctuations by converting variable interest rates to fixed interest rates. During the year ended December 31, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into certain swap and cap agreements with Deutsche Bank AG London Branch to hedge the risk of interest rate volatility loan balances. See Note 3 “Financial Instruments and Fair Value” for details.

We continue to monitor our risk exposure as we incur future indebtedness at variable interest rates and will look to continue our risk management policy as situations present themselves. 

49

Fair Market Value of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values for financial instruments under ASC 825, Financial Instruments, (ASC 825) are determined at discrete points in time based on relevant market information. These estimates involve uncertainties and cannot be determined with precision. The estimated fair value of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates their carrying value due to their short-term nature. See Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental Data—Note 3 “Financial Instruments and Fair Value” for additional information.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

The information called for by this Item 8 is included following the “Index to Financial Statements” contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to Isramco, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify Isramco’s financial reports and to other members of senior management and the Board of Directors.

Based on their evaluation, Isramco’s principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that Isramco’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were effective as of December 31, 2017 to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by Isramco in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management, under the supervision of and with the participation of our Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Executive Officer / Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control − Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment using these criteria, our management determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, has been audited by MaloneBailey LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There was no change in Isramco’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Isramco’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

50

PART III

We will file a definitive Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders with the SEC, pursuant to Regulation 14A, not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year. Accordingly, certain information required by Part III has been omitted under General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K. Only those sections of our definitive Proxy Statement that specifically address the items set forth herein are incorporated by reference.

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

Item 11.  Executive Compensation

The information required by Item 11 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by Item 12 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by Item 13 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by Item 14 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

51

GLOSSARY

“Limited Partnership” means Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership, a Limited Partnership founded pursuant to a Limited Partnership Agreement made on the 2nd and 3rd days of March, 1989 (as amended on September 7, 1989, July 28, 1991, March 5, 1992 and June 11, 1992) between the Trustee on part as Limited Partner and Isramco Oil and Gas Ltd., as General Partner on the other part.

“Overriding Royalty” means a percentage interest over and above the base royalty and is free of all costs of exploration and production, which costs are borne by the Grantor of the Overriding Royalty Interest and which is related to a particular Petroleum License.

“Payout” means the point at which all costs of leasing, exploring, drilling and operating have been recovered from production of a well or wells as defined by contractual agreement or otherwise.

“Petroleum” means any petroleum fluid, whether liquid or gaseous, and includes oil, natural gas, natural gasoline, condensates and related fluid hydrocarbons, and also asphalt and other solid petroleum hydrocarbons when dissolved in and producible with fluid petroleum.

“Israel Petroleum Law”

The Company’s business in Israel is subject to regulation by the State of Israel pursuant to the Petroleum Law, 1952. The administration and implementation of the Petroleum Law is vested in the Minister of National Infrastructure (the “Minister”) and an Advisory Council.

The following includes brief statements of certain provisions of the Petroleum Law in effect at the date of this Prospectus. Reference is made to the copy of the Petroleum Law filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement referred to under “Additional Information” and the description which follows is qualified in its entirety by such reference.

The holder of a preliminary permit is entitled to carry out petroleum exploration, but not test drilling or petroleum production, within the permit areas. The Commissioner determines the term of a preliminary permit and it may not exceed eighteen (18) months. The Minister may grant the holder a priority right to receive licenses in the permit areas and for the duration of such priority right no other Party will be granted a license or lease in such areas.

Drilling for petroleum is permitted pursuant to a license issued by the Commissioner. The term of a license is for three (3) years, subject to extension under certain circumstances for an additional period up to four (4) years. A license holder is required to commence test drilling within two (2) years from the grant of a license (or earlier if required by the terms of the license) and not to interrupt operations between test drillings for more than four (4) months. If any well drilled by the Company is determined to be a Commercial discovery prior to expiration of the license, the Company will be entitled to receive a Petroleum Lease granting it the exclusive right to explore for and produce petroleum in the lease area. The term of a lease is for thirty (30) years, subject to renewal for an additional term of twenty (20) years.

The Company, as a lessee, will be required to pay the State of Israel the royalty prescribed by the Petroleum Law which is presently, and at all times since 1952 has been, 12.5% of the petroleum produced from the leased area and saved, excluding the quantity of petroleum used in operating the leased area.

The Minister may require a lessee to supply at the market price such quantity of petroleum as, in the Minister’s opinion, is required for domestic consumption, subject to certain limitations.

As a lessee, the Company will also be required to commence drilling of a development well within six (6) months from the date on which the lease is granted and, thereafter, with due diligence to define the petroleum field, develop the leased area, produce petroleum therefore and seek markets for and market such petroleum.

52

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) Exhibits

3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant with all amendments filed as an Exhibit to the S-l Registration Statement, File No. 2-83574.
3.2	Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed March 17, 1993, filed as an Exhibit with the S-l Registration Statement, File No. 33-57482.
3.3	By-laws of Registrant filed as Exhibit 3(ii) to the 8-K filed January 18, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.2	First Amended and Restated Promissory Note dated as of February 27, 2007, issued to NAPHTHA ISRAEL PETROLEUM CORP., LTD. in the principal amount of $11,500,000 filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.3	First Amended and Restated Promissory Note dated as of February 27, 2007, issued to and I.O.C. ISRAEL OIL COMPANY, LTD. in the principal amount of $12,000,000 filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.4	Promissory Note dated as of February 27, 2007, issued to and J.O.E.L JERUSALEM OIL EXPLORATION, LTD. in the principal amount of $7,000,000, filed as an Exhibit to the 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.5	Promissory Note dated as of May 25, 2008, issued to and J.O.E.L JERUSALEM OIL EXPLORATION, LTD. in the principal amount of $48,900,000 filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.1	Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of February 16, 2007, among Five States Energy Company, L.L.C. and each of the other parties listed as a party “Seller” on the signature pages thereof and ISRAMCO, Inc., filed as an Exhibit to the 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.2	LOAN AGREEMENT, dated as of February 27, 2007, between ISRAMCO, INC., and NAPHTHA ISRAEL PETROLEUM CORP., LTD., filed as an Exhibit to the 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.3	LOAN AGREEMENT, dated as of February 27, 2007, between ISRAMCO, INC., and NAPHTHA ISRAEL PETROLEUM CORP., LTD., filed as an Exhibit to the 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.4	LOAN AGREEMENT, dated as of February 27, 2007, Between ISRAMCO, INC., and I.O.C. ISRAEL OIL COMPANY, LTD., filed as an Exhibit to the 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.5	LOAN AGREEMENT, dated as of February 26, 2007, between ISRAMCO, INC., and J.O.E.L JERUSALEM OIL EXPLORATION, LTD., filed as an Exhibit to the 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.7	Agreement dated as of December 31, 2007 between Isramco Inc. and I.O.C. Israel Oil Company Ltd and addendum dated January 1, 2008, filed as an Exhibit to the 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.8	Amended and restated credit agreement dated on April 28, 2008 between Isramco Resources, LLC and The Bank of Nova Scotia and Capital One, N.A., filed as an Exhibit to the 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.

53

10.9	Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated as of May 25, 2008 between Isramco Inc. and J.O.E.L. Jerusalem Oil Explorations Ltd. filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.10	Amended and Restated Agreement dated as of November 17, 2008 between Isramco Inc. and Goodrich Global Ltd. filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.11	First Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of February 1, 2009, between Isramco, Inc. and I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd.($18.5 million) filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.12	First Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of February 1, 2009, between Isramco, Inc, and Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp., Ltd.($11.5 million) filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.13	Loan Agreement dated as of July 14, 2009 between Isramco, Inc. and I.O.C. – Israel Oil Company, Ltd.($6.0 million) filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.14	First Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of February 1, 2009 between Isramco, Inc. and I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd.($12.0 million) filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.15	Loan Agreement dated as of March 3, 2011 between Isramco, Inc. and I.O.C. – Israel Oil Company, Ltd.($11.0 million) filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.16	First Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of October 1, 2011 between Isramco, Inc. and I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. ($11.0 million) filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.17	2011 Stock Incentive Plan filed as an Exhibit to the 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.18	Loan Agreement dated as of February 13, 2013 between Isramco, Inc. and I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. (1.5 million) filed as an Exhibit to 10-K for the year ended December 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.19	Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of March 1, 2013 between Isramco, Inc. and I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. filed as an Exhibit to 10-K for the year ended December 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.20	Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of March 1, 2013 between Isramco, Inc. and NAPHTHA ISRAEL PETROLEUM CORP., LTD filed as an Exhibit to 10-K for the year ended December 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.21	Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Note between Isramco Inc and J.O.E.L. Jerusalem Oil Exploration, Ltd dated June 30, 2013 filed as an Exhibit to 10-Q for the quarter ended June 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.22	Promissory Note dated June 30, 2013, issued to and J.O.E.L JERUSALEM OIL EXPLORATION, LTD. in the principal amount of $43,700,921 filed as an Exhibit to 10-Q for the quarter ended June 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.23	Loan Agreement dated as of March 29, 2012 between Isramco, Inc. and I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. ($3.5 million) filed as an Exhibit to 10K-A for the year ended December 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.24	Loan Agreement dated as of April 29, 2012 between Isramco Inc. and I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. ($10.0 million) filed as an Exhibit to 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.25	Employment Agreement dated effective November 3, 2017, between Isramco Inc. and Edy Francis, filed as an Exhibit to Form 8-K dated November 9, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.26	Consulting Agreement dated effective June 1, 2014, between Isramco Inc. and Goodrich Global Ltd., filed as an Exhibit to Form 8-K dated September 11, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.

54

10.27	Credit Agreement dated as of May 18, 2015, by and among Tamar Royalties LLC, as Borrower, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as administrative agent, the lenders party thereto, as Lenders, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as collateral agent filed as an Exhibit to 8-K filed by the Company on May 22, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.28	Royalties Sale and Contribution Agreement dated May 18, 2015, by and between Isramco, Inc., as Seller, and Tamar Royalties, LLC, as Borrower filed as an Exhibit to 8-K filed by the Company on May 22, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.29	Pledge, Assignment and Security Agreement dated as of May 18, 2015, by and between Tamar Royalties LLC, as Borrower, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as collateral agent filed as an Exhibit to 8-K filed by the Company on May 22, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.30	Intercompany Loan Agreement dated as of May 18, 2015, by and between Isramco, Inc., as Payor, and Tamar Royalties, LLC, as Payee filed as an Exhibit to 8-K filed by the Company on May 22, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.31	Credit Agreement dated as of June 30, 2015, by and among Isramco Onshore LLC, as Borrower, Société Générale, as Administrative Agent and Issuing Lender, SG Americas Securities LLC, as Sole Bookrunner, Lead Arranger and Documentation Agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time, as Lenders filed as an Exhibit to 8-K filed by the Company on July 6, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
14.1	Code of Ethics, filed as an Exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.

23.1*	Consent of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.
23.2*	Consent of Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc.

31.1*	Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
31.2*	Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer / Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act
31.3*	Certification of Chief Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 Of the Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2002
32.2*	Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer / Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 Of the Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2002
32.3*	Certification of Chief Accounting Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 Of the Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2002
99.1*	Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. Reserves Report
99.2*	Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. Reserves Report
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

__________________________

* Filed Herewith.

+ Management Agreement

55

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

/S/ HAIM TSUFF                                                                                     

HAIM TSUFF,  

CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD,

CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER)

Date: March 12, 2018

/S/ EDY FRANCIS                                                                                  

EDY FRANCIS,

CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER / CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER)

Date: March 12, 2018

/S/ ZEEV KOLTOVSKOY                                                                       

ZEEV KOLTOVSKOY,

CHIEF ACCOUNTING OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER)

Date: March 12, 2018

Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Haim Tsuff	Chairman of the Board &	March 12, 2018
Haim Tsuff	Co-Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Josef From	Director	March 12, 2018
Josef From
/s/ Max Pridgeon	Director	March 12, 2018
Max Pridgeon
/s/ Frans Sluiter	Director	March 12, 2018
Frans Sluiter
/s/ Nir Hasson	Director	March 12, 2018
Nir Hasson
/s/ Asaf Yarkoni	Director	March 12, 2018
Asaf Yarkoni

56

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting	F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-8

57

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management of Isramco, Inc. (the “Company”), including the Company’s Co-Chief Executive Officer, Co-Chief Executive Officer / Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Accounting Officer is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. The Company’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s Management and Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

MaloneBailey, LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.

/s/ Haim Tsuff	/s/ Zeev Koltovskoy	/s/ Edy Francis
Haim Tsuff	Zeev Koltovskoy	Edy Francis
Co-Chief Executive Officer	Chief Accounting Officer	Co-Chief Executive Officer / Chief Financial Officer

Houston, Texas

March 12, 2018

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and board of directors of

Isramco, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Isramco, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that responds to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ MaloneBailey, LLP

www.malonebailey.com

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2007.

Houston, Texas

March 12, 2018

F-2

ISRAMCO INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

As of December 31	2017			2016
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	30,009		$	26,090
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2,431 and $2,294		12,549			9,902
Restricted and designated cash		802			701
Inventories		475			697
Prepaid expenses and other		2,711			2,295
Total Current Assets		46,546			39,685
Property and Equipment, at cost – successful efforts method:
Oil and Gas properties		243,812			244,158
Advanced payment for equipment		564			440
Production service equipment and other equipment and property		59,108			57,292
Total Property and Equipment		303,484			301,890
Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment		(251,355	)		(246,390	)
Net Property and Equipment		52,129			55,500
Deferred tax assets and other		-			38,735
Derivative asset		187			-
Restricted cash – long term		9,674			7,122
Investments		261			230
Total assets	$	108,797		$	141,272
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	13,515		$	11,840
Short term debt and current maturities of long-term debt, net of discount of $828 and $789		18,517			9,147
Payables due to related party		60			90
Accrued interest		1,027			974
Derivative liability		457			916
Total current liabilities		33,576			22,967
Long term debt, net of discount of $2,131 and $2,959		77,369			95,441
Other Long-term Liabilities:
Asset retirement obligations		21,670			20,748
Derivative liability		-			100
Total liabilities		132,615			139,256
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Shareholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock $0.01 par value; authorized 7,500,000 shares; issued 2,746,915 shares; outstanding 2,717,648 shares		27			27
Additional paid-in capital		23,853			23,853
Accumulated deficit		(40,970	)		(16,660	)
Treasury stock, 29,267 shares at cost		(164	)		(164	)
Total Isramco, Inc. shareholders’ equity (deficit)		(17,254	)		7,056
Non controlling interest		(6,564	)		(5,040	)
Total equity (deficit)		(23,818	)		2,016
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)	$	108,797		$	141,272

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

F-3

ISRAMCO INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Year Ended December 31	2017			2016			2015
Revenues and other
Oil and gas sales	$	43,890		$	40,409		$	42,198
Production services		18,265			12,752			22,465
Office services		554			569			634
Gain on divestiture		2,703			600			8,378
Other		535			612			834
Total revenues and others		65,947			54,942			74,509
Operating expenses
Lease operating expense, transportation and taxes		9,478			8,925			14,828
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		5,526			6,667			9,944
Impairments of oil and gas assets and equipment		1,682			4,529			43,704
Accretion expense		913			897			856
Production services		18,241			14,494			21,802
Loss (gain) from plug and abandonment		26			(3	)		91
General and administrative		5,455			5,366			6,140
Total operating expenses		41,321			40,875			97,365
Operating income (loss)		24,626			14,067			(22,856	)
Other expenses
Interest expense, net		4,784			4,817			2,432
Interest expense – related party, net		-			-			2,878
Loss from derivative contracts, net		176			657			1,988
Capital (gain) loss		(145	)		70			85
Total other expenses		4,815			5,544			7,383
Income (loss) before income taxes		19,811			8,523			(30,239	)
Income tax benefit (expense)		(45,637	)		(3,634	)		9,251
Net income (loss)	$	(25,826	)	$	4,889		$	(20,988	)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(1,516	)		(1,856	)		(3,678	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco	$	(24,310	)	$	6,745		$	(17,310	)
Earnings (loss) per share – basic:	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48		$	(6.37	)
Earnings (loss) per share – diluted:	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48		$	(6.37	)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic:		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Weighted average number of shares outstanding-diluted:		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-4

ISRAMCO INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31
	2017			2016			2015
Net income (loss)	$	(25,826	)	$	4,889		$	(20,988	)
Comprehensive income (loss)		(25,826	)		4,889			(20,988	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(1,516	)		(1,856	)		(3,678	)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Isramco	$	(24,310	)	$	6,745		$	(17,310	)

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-5

ISRAMCO INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Common stock
	Number of shares		Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Treasury stock			Non-controlling interests			Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance of January 1, 2015		2,717,648	$	27	$	23,853	$	-	$	(6,095	)	$	(164	)	$	499		$	18,120
Net loss										(17,310	)					(3,678	)		(20,988	)
Balance of December 31, 2015		2,717,648	$	27	$	23,853	$	-	$	(23,405	)	$	(164	)	$	(3,179	)	$	(2,868	)
Distribution to non-controlling interests																(5	)		(5	)
Net income (loss)										6,745						(1,856	)		4,889
Balance of December 31, 2016		2,717,648	$	27	$	23,853	$	-	$	(16,660	)	$	(164	)	$	(5,040	)	$	2,016
Distribution to non-controlling interests																(8	)		(8	)
Net loss										(24,310	)					(1,516	)		(25,826	)
Balance of December 31, 2017		2,717,648	$	27	$	23,853	$	-	$	(40,970	)	$	(164	)	$	(6,564	)	$	(23,818	)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

ISRAMCO INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31	2017			2016			2015
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(25,826	)	$	4,889		$	(20,988	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion, amortization		5,526			6,667			9,944
Impairment of oil and gas properties and equipment		1,682			4,529			43,704
Bad debt expense		268			551			1,094
Accretion expense		913			897			856
Gain on divestiture		(2,703	)		(600	)		(8,378	)
Changes in deferred taxes		38,735			(3,239	)		(15,915	)
Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts		(746	)		(586	)		1,602
Loss (gain) on sale of equipment and other		(145	)		70			85
Amortization of debt cost		789			940			462
Write off of debt cost		-			299			-
Changes in components of working capital and other assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(2,915	)		2,007			3,712
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,088			639			1,787
Due to related party		(30	)		27			(4,786	)
Inventories		222			174			(42	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,694			(1,754	)		(4,226	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		18,552			15,510			8,911
Cash flows from investing activities:
Addition to oil and gas property and equipment, net		(4,184	)		(794	)		(4,883	)
Proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties		2,705			600			7,506
Proceeds from sale of equipment		49			77			-
Restricted cash and deposit, net		(2,653	)		(558	)		(7,205	)
Investment in Apache Flats		(31	)		(132	)		(98	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,114	)		(807	)		(4,680	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Distributions to non-controlling interests		(8	)		-			-
Proceeds from long term debt		-			-			115,030
Repayment of long term debt		(9,600	)		(9,000	)		(3,000	)
Repayments on loans – related parties, net		-			-			(94,250	)
Repayment of short-term debt		(911	)		(1,341	)		(1,810	)
Payment of deferred financing costs		-			-			(478	)
Borrowings of bank overdraft, net		-			(350	)		328
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(10,519	)		(10,691	)		15,820
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3,919			4,012			20,051
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		26,090			22,078			2,027
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	30,009		$	26,090		$	22,078

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-7

ISRAMCO INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Isramco, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliated companies (together referred to as “We”, “Our”, “Isramco” or the “Company”) is predominately an independent oil and natural gas company engaged in the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties located onshore in the United States and ownership of various royalty interests in oil and gas concessions located offshore Israel. The Company also operates a production services company that provides well maintenance and workover, well completion and recompletion services. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned, controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company has evaluated events or transactions through the date of issuance of this report in conjunction with the preparation of these consolidated financial statements.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no material effect on the reported results of operations.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management makes informed judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Management evaluates its estimates and related assumptions regularly, including those related to the value of properties and equipment; proved reserves; intangible assets; asset retirement obligations; litigation reserves; environmental liabilities; liabilities, and costs; income taxes; and fair values. Changes in facts and circumstances or additional information may result in revised estimates, and actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Fair Value Measurements

Certain of Isramco’s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. This price is commonly referred to as the “exit price.” Fair value measurements are classified according to a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs underlying the valuation techniques. This hierarchy consists of three broad levels:

• Level 1 – Inputs consist of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and have the highest priority. When available, Isramco measures fair value using Level 1 inputs because they generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value.

• Level 2 – Inputs consist of quoted prices that are generally observable for the asset or liability. Common examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets not considered to be active.

• Level 3 – Inputs are not observable from objective sources and have the lowest priority. The most common Level 3 fair value measurement is an internally developed cash flow model.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Isramco records as cash equivalents all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Restricted and designated cash

Restricted cash deposits are held in favor of financial institutions or represent deposits with original maturity of longer than three months.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company establishes provisions for losses on accounts receivable if it determines that it will not collect all or part of the outstanding balance. The Company regularly reviews collectability and establishes or adjusts the allowance as necessary by using both the specific identification method and/or general allowance as a percentage of outstanding accounts receivable balances.

F-8

Oil and Gas Operations

The Company applies the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Under the successful efforts method, exploration costs such as exploratory geological and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploration overhead are charged against earnings as incurred. Acquisition costs and costs of drilling exploratory wells are capitalized pending determination of whether proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling the well. If management determines that commercial quantities of hydrocarbons have not been discovered, capitalized costs associated with exploratory wells are charged to exploration expense. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proved oil and gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization of the cost of proved oil and gas properties are calculated using the unit-of-production method. The reserve base used to calculate depreciation, depletion and amortization is the sum of proved developed reserves and proved undeveloped reserves for leasehold acquisition costs and the cost to acquire proved properties. With respect to lease and well equipment costs, which include development costs and successful exploration drilling costs, the reserve base includes only proved developed reserves. Estimated future dismantlement, restoration and abandonment costs, net of salvage values, are taken into account.

Amortization rates are updated to reflect: 1) the addition of capital costs, 2) reserve revisions (upwards or downwards) and additions, 3) property acquisitions and/or property dispositions and 4) impairments.

The Company reviews its property and equipment in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 requires the Company to evaluate property and equipment as an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the property and equipment below the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of property and equipment is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the discounted cash flow.

In 2017, 2016 and 2015, we reported an impairment charge of $1,682,000, $4,529,000, and $33,138,000, respectively, relating to our oil and gas properties. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $1,682,000 in 2017 were a result of lower estimated future production in a few fields. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $4,529,000 in 2016 were a result of lower estimated future production in a few fields. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $33,138,000 in 2015 were a result of lower estimated future crude oil, natural gas and NGLs prices which are basis for an impairment calculation and a decrease in production volumes in certain fields 2015.

Gain on divestiture – During the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company sold several leases for a net gain of $2,703,000. The gain consists of $2,705,000 cash plus $18,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset by a write off of accounts receivable of $10,000 and a net book value of $10,000. During the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company sold deep rights in one field for a gain of $600,000. The property sold had no net book value. During year ended December 31, 2015 the Company sold several leases for a net gain of $8,378,000. The gain consists of $7,506,000 cash plus $1,035,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset by a net book value of $163,000. In February 2018 the Company sold a lease for a net gain of $472,000. The gain consists of $454,000 cash plus $19,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset a net book value of $1,000.

Inventory

Inventory is valued at the net realizable value. Cost is determined by using average method. The Company provides a reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventory. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 no reserve has been recorded.

Investments

Investments are recorded at historical costs.

Property, Plant and Equipment Other than Oil and Natural Gas Properties

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation is provided for our assets over the estimated depreciable lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $3,458,000, $3,569,000, and $4,275,000 respectively. We depreciate our operational assets over their depreciable lives to their salvage value, which is a fair value higher than the assets’ value as scrap. Salvage value approximates 15% of an operational asset’s acquisition cost. When an operational asset is stacked or taken out of service, we review its physical condition, depreciable life and ultimate salvage value to determine if the asset is no longer operable and whether the remaining depreciable life and salvage value should be adjusted. When we scrap an asset, we accelerate the depreciation of the asset down to its salvage value. When we dispose of an asset, a gain or loss is recognized.

F-9

As of December 31, 2017, the estimated useful lives of our asset classes are as follows:

Description	Years
Production services rigs and components		15
Oilfield trucks, vehicles and related equipment		5 - 10
Production services auxiliary equipment		7 - 15
Furniture and equipment		3 - 7

A long-lived asset or asset group should be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. For purposes of testing for impairment, we group our long-lived assets along our lines of business based on the services provided, which is the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We record an impairment charge, reducing the net carrying value to an estimated fair value, if the asset group’s estimated future cash flows were less than its net carrying value. Events or changes in circumstance that cause us to evaluate our fixed assets for recoverability and possible impairment may include changes in market conditions, such as adverse movements in the prices of oil and natural gas, or changes of an asset group, such as its expected future life, intended use or physical condition, which could reduce the fair value of certain of our property and equipment. The development of future cash flows and the determination of fair value for an asset group involves significant judgment and estimates. During the year ended December 31, 2015 we recorded an impairment of $10,566,000 in relation to our production services segment equipment. We had no such impairment loss in 2017 or 2016.

Asset Retirement Obligation

ASC 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations (ASC 410) requires that the fair value of an asset retirement cost, and corresponding liability, should be recorded as part of the cost of the related long-lived asset and subsequently allocated to expense using a systematic and rational method. The Company records asset retirement obligations to reflect the Company’s legal obligations related to future plugging and abandonment of its oil and natural gas wells and gas gathering systems. The Company estimates the expected cash flow associated with the obligation and discounts the amounts using a credit-adjusted, risk-free interest rate. At least annually, the Company reassesses the obligation to determine whether a change in the estimated obligation is necessary. The Company evaluates whether there are indicators that suggest the estimated cash flows underlying the obligation have materially changed. Should those indicators suggest the estimated obligation may have materially changed on an interim basis (quarterly), the Company will accordingly update its assessment. Additional retirement obligations increase the liability associated with new oil and natural gas wells as these obligations are incurred. See Note 12 “Asset Retirement Obligations.”

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, we operate a substantial portion of our domestic oil and natural gas properties. As the operator of a property, the Company makes full payment of the costs associated with each property and seeks reimbursement from the other working interest owners in the property for their share of those costs. Isramco’s joint interest partners consist primarily of independent oil and natural gas producers. If the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry in general were adversely affected, the ability of the Company’s joint interest partners to reimburse the Company could be adversely affected.

The purchasers of the Company’s oil and natural gas production consist primarily of independent marketers, major oil and natural gas companies and gas pipeline companies. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, no purchaser, marketer, or major oil and gas or pipeline company accounted for 10% or more of Isramco’s consolidated revenues. The Company has not experienced any significant losses from uncollectible accounts as to its sales of oil and gas production. The Company does not believe the loss of any one of its purchasers would materially affect the Company’s ability to sell the oil and natural gas it produces. The Company believes other purchasers are available in the Company’s areas of operations.

The Company’s overriding royalty interest in the Tamar field is paid monthly by Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership, a related party. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, income from this source accounted for 44%, 50%, and 34%, respectively of the Company’s consolidated revenues. If Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership were to stop receiving revenue from its working interest in the Tamar Field, we would not receive revenue from our overriding royalty interest. Loss of payments from this source would have significant financial consequences on the Company.

F-10

Our production service subsidiary customers include major oil and natural gas production companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies. We perform credit evaluations of our customers and usually do not require collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses when necessary. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, no one individual customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues. The Company believes the loss of one or more customers of our production service subsidiary would not have a significant effect on this Segment because the Company believes that it can employ its rigs with other existing customers or new customers to the extent it has in the past in such circumstances.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from the sale of oil and natural gas are recognized when the products are sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, delivery has occurred and title has transferred, and collectability of the revenue is reasonably assured. The Company follows the sales method of accounting for recording oil and gas revenues. Under this method, the company records revenue based on the actual sale of volumes to purchasers.

Revenues from our production services activities are recognized when all of the following criteria have been met: (i) evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the price to the customer is fixed and determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

• Evidence of an arrangement exists when a final understanding between us and our customer has occurred, and can be evidenced by a completed customer purchase order, field ticket, supplier contract, or master service agreement.

• Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered when we have completed requirements pursuant to the terms of the arrangement as evidenced by a field ticket.

• The price to the customer is fixed and determinable when the amount that is required to be paid is agreed upon. Evidence of the price being fixed and determinable is evidenced by contractual terms, our price book, a completed customer purchase order, or a field ticket.

• Collectability is reasonably assured when we screen our customers and provide goods and services to customers according to determined credit terms that have been granted based on credit evaluation and assessment.

We present our revenues net of any sales taxes collected by us from our customers that are required to be remitted to local or state governmental taxing authorities.

Price Risk Management Activities

The Company follows ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. From time to time, the Company may hedge a portion of its forecasted oil and natural gas production. Derivative contracts entered into by the Company consist of transactions in which the Company hedges the variability of cash flow related to a forecasted transaction. The Company elected to not designate any of its positions for hedge accounting. Accordingly, the Company records the net change in the mark-to-market valuation of these positions, as well as payments and receipts on settled contracts, in “Net gain (loss) on derivative contracts” on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

As of the date of this report there are no open hedge positions related to commodity prices.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs are amortized over the life of the underlying credit agreement or the expected remaining life of the underlying credit agreement.

Income Taxes and Impact of Tax Reform Legislation

We account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method and provide deferred taxes for all significant temporary differences. Management determines our current tax liability as well as taxes incurred as a result of current operations, but which are deferred until future periods. Current taxes payable represent our liability related to our income tax returns for the current year, while net deferred tax expense or benefit represents the change in the balance of deferred tax assets and liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets. Management estimates the changes in both deferred tax assets and liabilities using the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and for enacted rates that management estimates will be in effect when the differences reverse. Further, management makes certain assumptions about the timing of temporary tax differences for the differing treatments of certain items for tax and accounting purposes or whether such differences are permanent. The final determination of our tax liability involves the interpretation of local tax laws, tax treaties, and related authorities in each jurisdiction as well as the significant use of estimates and assumptions regarding the scope of future operations and results achieved and the timing and nature of income earned and expenditures incurred.

F-11

We establish valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets if we determine that it is more likely than not (e.g., a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. To assess the likelihood, we use estimates and judgment regarding our future taxable income, as well as the jurisdiction in which this taxable income is generated, to determine whether a valuation allowance is required. Such evidence can include our current financial position, our results of operations, both actual and forecasted results, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning strategies as well as the current and forecasted business economics of our industry. Additionally, we record uncertain tax positions at their net recognizable amount, based on the amount that management deems is more likely than not to be sustained upon ultimate settlement with the tax authorities in the domestic and international tax jurisdictions in which we operate.

On December 22, 2017, the US Congress enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Reform Legislation), which made significant changes to US federal income tax law affecting us. See “Note 5 Income Taxes” for further discussion of accounting for income taxes, changes in our valuation allowance, components of our tax rate reconciliation and realization of loss carryforwards.

Legal Contingencies

When estimating our liabilities related to litigation, we take into account all available facts and circumstances in order to determine whether a loss is probable and reasonably estimable.

Various suits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business are pending against us. We conduct business throughout the continental United States and offshore Israel and may be subject to jury verdicts or arbitrations that result in outcomes in favor of the plaintiffs. We continually assess our contingent liabilities, including potential litigation liabilities, as well as the adequacy of our accruals and our need for the disclosure of these items. We establish a provision for a contingent liability when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable.

Earnings per Share

The Company’s basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts have been computed based on the average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period and include the effect of any participating securities as appropriate. Diluted EPS includes the effect of the Company’s outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance-based stock awards if the inclusion of these items is dilutive.

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, & 2015, Isramco did not have any outstanding stock options, restrictive stock awards, restricted stock units, or performance-based awards.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent third-party ownership in the net assets of the Company’s consolidated subsidiary and are presented as a component of equity.

Environmental

The Company accrues for losses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Accruals for estimated losses from environmental remediation obligations are recognized no later than the time of the completion of the remediation feasibility study or remediation plan. These accruals are adjusted as additional information becomes available or as circumstances change. Costs of future expenditures for environmental remediation obligations are not discounted to their present value.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance regarding the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. In April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016, the FASB issued additional guidance, addressed implementation issues and provided technical corrections. The guidance may be applied retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach to adjust retained earnings (deficit). The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Isramco adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 using the full retrospective approach. Isramco has concluded that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

F-12

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance regarding the accounting for leases. The guidance requires recognition of most leases on the balance sheet. The guidance requires lessees and lessors to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Isramco will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019. Isramco has conclude that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-18 to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This update clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods therein with early adoption permitted and must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company does not currently anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties

On November 17, 2008, the Company and Goodrich entered into an Amended and Restated Agreement, as subsequently amended on November 24, 2008, and January 1, 2011 (the “Goodrich Agreement”). The Goodrich Agreement replaced the consulting agreement entered into in May 1996 between the Company and Goodrich which terminated on May 31, 2008, pursuant to which the Company paid $240,000 per annum in installments of $20,000 per month. Under the Goodrich Agreement, as of June 1, 2008, the Company pays Goodrich $360,000 per annum in installments of $30,000 per month in addition to reimbursing Goodrich for all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with services rendered to the Company. The Company’s payment of $360,000 per year under the Goodrich Agreement is herein reflected as the salary of Haim Tsuff, the Company’s Chairman, Co-Chief Executive Officer and President. The Goodrich Agreement had an initial term through May 31, 2011, and automatically extended by its terms for an additional three-year period. The Goodrich Agreement contains certain customary confidentiality and non-compete provisions. The Company and Goodrich entered into a Consulting Agreement dated effective June 1, 2014 (the “2014 Consulting Agreement”), which replaced the Goodrich Agreement. However, the 2014 Consulting Agreement will continue the payment to Goodrich of $360,000 per annum in installments of $30,000 per month, in addition to reimbursing Goodrich for all reasonable business expenses, including automobile expenses, incurred by Mr. Tsuff in connection with services rendered on behalf of the Company, in exchange for management services performed by Mr. Tsuff as the Company’s Chairman, Co-Chief Executive Officer and President. The 2014 Consulting Agreement had an initial term through May 31, 2017, and was automatically extended by its terms for an additional three-years. The Consulting Agreement also contains certain customary confidentiality and non-compete provisions which are identical to those contained in the Goodrich Agreement.

As previously disclosed, on May 18, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC, a newly formed, wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiary of the Company, entered into a term loan credit agreement with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as facility agent for the lenders and as collateral agent for the secured parties, and with the lenders party thereto. Pursuant to the terms of the transaction, the Amended and Restated Borrower LLC Agreement of Tamar Royalties LLC requires management by N.M.A. Energy Resources Ltd, a related party of the Company, and an independent manager, Donald J. Puglisi. As consideration for its management of Tamar Royalties LLC, the Company pays twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) per month to N.M.A. Energy Resources Ltd. As noted herein, Isramco Inc. owns all ownership interests in Tamar Royalties LLC, subject to its management by the aforementioned parties. All overriding royalty payments received in Tamar Royalties LLC are paid by Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership, a company affiliated by common ownership.

3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value

Pursuant to ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820) the Company’s determination of fair value incorporates not only the credit standing of the counterparties involved in transactions with the Company resulting in receivables on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, but also the impact of the Company’s nonperformance risk on its own liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. The Company classifies fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs.

F-13

On June 16, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, engaged in an interest rate swap agreement (“IRS Agreement”) with the Deutsche Bank AG London Branch (“DBAG”). An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties (known as counterparties) where one stream of future interest payments is exchanged for another based on a specified notional principal amount. Interest rate swaps often exchange fixed interest payments for floating interest payments that are linked to interest rates.

As previously disclosed on the Company’s Form 8-K filed May 22, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC entered into a $120,000,000 credit facility with Deutsche Bank, which facility is discussed further in Note 4 “Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense”. Under the terms of this facility, Tamar Royalties LLC, is required to hedge at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding balance under this Facility against fluctuations in LIBOR, with at least thirty seven and one-half percent (37.5%) of the outstanding balance being hedged through swaps. The notional value of these hedges corresponds to the amortization schedule covering the facility and previously disclosed in the aforementioned Form 8-K. Accordingly, on June 16, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC and DBAG entered into the IRS agreement whereby Tamar Royalties LLC hedged $119,250,000 of the $120,000,000 initial borrowing as follows:

(a)    Tamar Royalties LLC hedged 37.5% of the perpetual outstanding balance under the facility, being an initial notional amount of $45,000,000, with a fixed rate swap whereby the Company will pay DBAG a fixed interest rate of 4.63%, and DBAG will pay the Company a monthly floating interest rate of USD-LIBOR-BBA plus a spread of 2.75%.

(b)   Tamar Royalties hedged the remaining 62.5% of the perpetual outstanding balance less $750,000, being an initial notional amount of $74,250,000, against fluctuations in LIBOR by capping the fluctuations in LIBOR at 1.50%. Pursuant to the IRS agreement, the Company will pay DBAG a fixed interest rate of 0.91%, and the Bank will pay the Company the greater of (i) USD-LIBOR-BBA minus a cap strike of 1.5% and (ii) zero.

Financial Instruments as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands): 

		December 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
Financial Instrument	Fair Value Input Level	Carrying			Fair			Carrying			Fair
		Value			Value			Value			Value
ST Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	Level 2	$	(457	)	$	(457	)	$	(916	)	$	(916	)
LT (Liabilities)/Assets:
Interest rate swaps	Level 2		187			187			(100	)		(100	)
		$	(270	)	$	(270	)	$	(1,016	)	$	(1,016	)

Level 2 Financial Instruments

Our interest rate swaps are measured at fair value using Level 2 inputs. The fair of our interest rate swaps is based on the net present value of expected future cash flows related to both variable and fixed-rate legs of the swap agreement. This measurement is computed using the forward London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) yield curve, a market-based observable input.

4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense

Long-term debt as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2017			As of December 31, 2016
Bank loan
Principal amount	$	98,400		$	108,000
Less: unamortized discount and debt costs		(2,959	)		(3,748	)
Total long-term debt		95,441			104,252
Less: current maturities and current discount amortization		(18,072	)		(8,811	)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	77,369		$	95,441

F-14

Bank Loan and Credit Facility

The Deutsche Bank Facility

On May 18, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC (“Tamar Royalties”), a newly formed, wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiary of the Company, entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “DB Facility”) with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (“Deutsche Bank”), as facility agent for the lenders and as collateral agent for the secured parties, and with the lenders party thereto. The DB Facility provides for borrowings in the amount of $120,000,000 on a committed basis and is secured by, among other things, an overriding royalty interest in the Tamar Field, a natural gas field in the Mediterranean Sea, equal to 1.5375% before payout / 2.7375% after payout in the Tamar Field (the “Royalty Interest”). In connection with the DB Facility, and pursuant to a royalties sale and contribution agreement, the Company contributed the Royalty Interest to Tamar Royalties in exchange for all of the ownership units of Tamar Royalties. Pursuant to the terms of its governing documents, Tamar Royalties will be managed by N.M.A. Energy Resources Ltd, a related party of the Company, and an independent manager, Donald J. Puglisi.

Pursuant to the terms of the DB Facility, Tamar Royalties borrowed $120,000,000 in its initial borrowing under this facility. The initial borrowing under the DB Facility bears annual interest based on the LIBOR for a three-month interest period plus a spread of 2.75%. The $120,000,000 initial borrowing under the DB Facility will be repaid over eight (8) years commencing July 1, 2015, in accordance with an amortization profile based on projected cash flows from the Royalty Interest. Tamar Royalties’ obligations under the Facility are secured by a first ranking pledge of the shares of Tamar Royalties, first ranking pledge of all rights under the agreements creating the Royalty Interest, and a first priority security interest over the accounts created under the DB Facility.

So long as any amounts remain outstanding to the Lenders under the DB Facility, Tamar Royalties must, from and after the end of the Availability Period (as defined in the DB Facility), have a Historical Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the DB Facility) of not less than 1.00:1.00, a Loan Life Coverage Ratio (as defined in the DB Facility) of at least 1.1:1.00, and maintain a Required Reserve Amount (as defined in the DB Facility). In addition, Tamar Royalties is required under the DB facility to hedge against fluctuations in LIBOR as reflected in Note 3 “Financial Instruments and Fair Value”.

On January 3, 2017 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,374,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $974,000 in principal and interest respectively.

On April 3, 2017 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,389,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $989,000 in principal and interest respectively.

On July 3, 2017 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,417,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $1,017,000 in principal and interest respectively.

On October 3, 2017 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,432,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $1,032,000 in principal and interest respectively.

On January 2, 2018 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,427,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $1,027,000 in principal and interest respectively.

The Company incurred debt costs in obtaining the facility in the amount of $2,011,000 and $2,959,000 in fees were retained by the lenders. These costs totaling $4,970,000 are recorded as a reduction of the principal loan balance and are being amortized over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. Amortization of these costs for the period ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 totaled $789,000, $820,000, and $402,000 respectively.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, Tamar Royalties was in compliance with the financial covenants required under the DB Facility.

The Société Générale Facility

On June 30, 2015, Isramco Onshore LLC (“Isramco Onshore”), a newly formed, wholly-owned, subsidiary of Isramco, Inc. (the “Company”), entered into a secured Credit Agreement (the “SG Facility”) with The Société Générale, as Administrative Agent and Issuing Lender, SG Americas Securities LLC, as Sole Bookrunner, Lead Arranger and Documentation Agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time, as Lenders. The SG Facility provides for a commitment by The Société Générale of $150,000,000, subject to an initial borrowing base of $40,000,000. The tenure of the SG Facility was four (4) years and the SG Facility was secured by certain onshore United States oil and gas properties. Pricing under the SG Facility was as follows: (i) for EuroDollar Rate (as defined in the SG Facility) loans range from the EuroDollar rate plus 1.75% to the EuroDollar rate plus 2.75% depending on borrowing base utilization; and (ii) for Reference Rate (as defined in the SG Facility) loans ranges from the Reference Rate plus 0.75% to the Reference Rate Spread plus 1.75% based on borrowing base utilization; (iii) a quarterly commitment fee (as defined in the SG Facility) ranging from an annual rate of 0.38% to 0.5% of the undrawn borrowing base.

F-15

The SG Facility provided that Isramco Onshore hedge at least seventy-five percent (75%) of its crude oil production before borrowing under the SG Facility. As of December 31, 2017 and as of the date of issuance Isramco Onshore has not entered into such hedge agreements nor has it made a draw under the SG Facility. The Company incurred $478,000 of financing costs in relation to this credit facility which were capitalized as a long-term asset and amortized over the term on the agreement on a straight-line basis until December 31, 2016 at which time the remaining balance totaling $299,000 was expensed.

Isramco Onshore had various financial and operating covenants required by the SG Facility, including, among other things, the requirement that, during the term of the SG Facility, Isramco Onshore must have a Minimum Current Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of not less than 1.00:1.00, a Maximum Leverage Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of not less than 4.00:1.00 and a Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of at least 2.50:1.00. In addition, the SG Facility provided for customary events of default, including, but not limited to, payment defaults, breach of representations or covenants, bankruptcy events and change of control.

On August 18, 2016 as a result of semi-annual borrowing base redetermination the borrowing base under SG Facility was reduced to zero. On February 28, 2017 the SG Facility was terminated.

Related Party Debt

On June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. The final payment totaled $101,022,000 which included loan principal payments totaling $93,395,000 and interest payments totaling $7,267,000. The remaining portion of the payment equal to $360,000 repaid related party payables. As result all related party debt was repaid and the outstanding balance as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was zero.

On March 27, 2015 the Company made a payment against the $12,000,000 I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. Loan, a company which may be deemed to be controlled by Mr. Haim Tsuff, the Company’s Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer, in the amount of $1,030,000, consisting of $855,000 and $175,000 in principal and interest payments, respectively.

I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. (“IOC”)

On February 27, 2007, Isramco obtained a loan in the principal amount of $12,000,000 from IOC, repayable at the end of five years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal is due and payable in four equal annual installments, commencing on the second anniversary of the loan. Accrued interest is payable in equal annual installments. At any time Isramco can make prepayments without premium or penalty. The loan is not secured.

In July 2009, the Company entered into a loan transaction with IOC, a related party, pursuant to which the Company borrowed $6 million (the “IOC Loan”). Amounts outstanding under the IOC Loan bear interest at LIBOR plus 6.0%. The IOC Loan matures in five years, with accrued interest payable annually on each anniversary date of the loan. The IOC Loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty.

Effective February 1, 2009, the loan from IOC was amended and restated to extend the payment deadlines arising on and after February 2009, by two years.

On March 3, 2011, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with IOC pursuant to which it borrowed the sum of $11,000,000. The loan bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum and is payable in quarterly payments of interest only until March 3, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty. The loan is unsecured. During September 2011, Isramco paid $4,544,000 of principal pursuant to this Loan agreement with IOC leaving outstanding principle of $6,456,000.

Subsequently, in October 2011 the agreement with IOC, pertaining to the above mentioned loan in the outstanding principal amount of $6,456,000 was renegotiated. The payoff of principal amount was extended by 6 month to September 9, 2013. Interest accrued per annum was determined on LIBOR+5.5% from initial 10%.

On March 29, 2012, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with IOC pursuant to which it borrowed $3,500,000. The loan bears interest at a rate of Libor + 5.5% per annum and matures on March 29, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan was unsecured.

F-16

On April 29, 2012, the Company entered into another Loan Agreement with IOC, pursuant to which it borrowed $10,000,000. The loan bears interest of Libor+5.5% per annum and matures on April 30, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan was funded by IOC in three monthly installments starting April 2012. The loan is unsecured. The purpose of the loan was to provide funds to Isramco for the payment of amounts that were due to the Lenders under the Senior Credit Facility that was paid in full June 29, 2012.

On February 13, 2013, the Company entered into another Loan Agreement with IOC, pursuant to which it borrowed $1,500,000. The loan bears interest of Libor+6% per annum and matures on February 13, 2018, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan is unsecured. The purpose of the loan was to provide funds to back up a Letter of Credit.

On March 1, 2013, all of the above-mentioned Loan agreements and notes with IOC except for the $1,500,000 loan agreement entered on February 13, 2013, were amended. The terms of all these loans and notes between the Company and IOC were amended extending the maturity to December 31, 2018. In addition the payment schedule was changed on the all of the loans and notes to require accrued interest only payments December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017 and final interest payment December 31, 2018 with outstanding principal paid in four equal installments with the first payment December 31, 2015 and a similar payment made December 31 in each of the following three years until the final payment on December 31, 2018. The other terms of the loan agreements and notes remained unchanged.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the IOC debts have been paid in full.

Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and is a controlling shareholder of IOC.

Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp. Ltd., (“Naphtha”)

In connection with the Company’s purchase of certain oil and gas interests mainly in New Mexico and Texas in February 2007, the Company obtained loan from Naphtha, a related party, with terms and conditions as below:

On February 27, 2007, Isramco obtained a loan, in the principal amount of $11,500,000 from Naphtha, repayable at the end of seven years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal is due and payable in four equal installments, commencing on the fourth anniversary of the date of the loan. Interest is payable annually upon each anniversary date of this loan. At any time Isramco can make prepayments without premium or penalty. The loan is not secured. Interest is payable at the end of each loan year. Principal plus any accrued and unpaid interest are due and payable on February 27, 2014. Interest after the maturity date accrues at the per annum rate of LIBOR plus 12% until paid in full. At any time, Isramco is entitled to prepay the outstanding amount of the loan without penalty or prepayment. To secure its obligations that may be incurred under the Loan Agreement, Jay Petroleum, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Isramco, agreed to guarantee the indebtedness. Naphtha can accelerate the loan and exercise its rights under the collateral upon the occurrence any one or more of the following events of default: (i) Isramco’s failure to pay any amount that may become due in connection with the loan within five (5) days of the due date (whether by extension, renewal, acceleration, maturity or otherwise) or fail to make any payment due under any hedge agreement entered into in connection with the transaction, (ii) Isramco’s material breach of any of the representations or warranties made in the loan agreement or security instruments or any writing furnished pursuant thereto, (iii) Isramco’s failure to observe any undertaking contained in transaction documents if such failure continues for 30 calendar days after notice, (iv) Isramco’s insolvency or liquidation or a bankruptcy event or (v) Isramco’s criminal indictment or conviction under any law pursuant to which such indictment or conviction can lead to a forfeiture by Isramco of any of the properties securing the loan.

Effective February 1, 2009, the loan from Naphtha to the Company was amended and restated to extend all payment deadlines arising on and after February 2009, by two years.

On March 1, 2013, the terms of the existing loan and note between the Company and Naphtha was amended extending the maturity to December 31, 2018. The payment schedule was changed on the Naphtha loan and note to require interest only payments December 31, 2013, December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017 and the final interest payment December 31, 2018 with principal outstanding paid in four equal installments with the first payment December 31, 2015 and a similar payment made December 31 in each of the following three years until the final payment on December 31, 2018. The other terms of the loan agreement and note remained unchanged.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the Naphtha debts have been paid in full.

F-17

Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and is a controlling shareholder of Naphtha.

Jerusalem Oil Exploration Ltd (“JOEL”)

In February and March, 2008 the Company obtained loans from JOEL in the aggregate principal amount of $48.9 million, repayable at the end of 4 months at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.25% per annum. Pursuant to a loan agreement signed in June 2009, the maturity date of this loan was extended for an additional period of seven years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal and interest are due and payable in four equal annual installments, commencing on June 30, 2013. At any time, we can make prepayments without premium or penalty.

On June 30, 2013, the terms of an Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated May 25, 2008, and note between the Company and Jerusalem Oil Exploration, Ltd. (“JOEL”) were amended to extend the maturity date to June 30, 2017. The payment schedule of the loan agreement and note was amended to require principal and accrued interest to be paid in three (3) installments in the amounts reflected in Promissory Note due on June 30th of each year commencing June 30, 2015. The other terms of the loan agreement and note remained unchanged.

Mr. Jackob Maimon, Isramco’s president at the time and a former director of the Company is a director of JOEL. Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, is a controlling shareholder of JOEL.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the JOEL debts have been paid in full.

Isramco also had related party payables of $60,000 and $90,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively.

Short-Term Debt

As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 outstanding debt from short-term insurance financing agreements totaled $445,000 and $336,000 respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company made cash payments totaling $911,000.

Debt Maturities

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2017 are due in future years as follows (in thousands):

2018	$	18,900
2019		21,900
2020		17,100
2021		14,700
2022		14,400
2023		11,400
Total	$	98,400

Interest Expense, net

The following table summarizes the amounts included in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

		Years Ended December 31,
		2017		2016		2015
	(In thousands)
Current debt, long-term debt and other - banks		$	4,784	$	4,817	$	2,432
Long-term debt – related parties			-		-		2,878
		$	4,784	$	4,817	$	5,310

F-18

5. Income Taxes

The Company operates through its various subsidiaries in the United States (“U.S.”); accordingly, income taxes have been provided based upon the tax laws and federal and state income tax rates in the U.S. as they apply to the Company’s current ownership structure.

On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Tax Reform Act”) was enacted. The Tax Reform Act significantly revised the U.S. corporate income tax regime by, among other things, lowering the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, while also repealing the deduction for domestic production activities, implementing a territorial tax system and removing the expiration of net operating losses. U.S. GAAP requires that the impact of tax legislation be recognized in the period in which the law was enacted. As a result of the Tax Reform Act, the Company recorded a tax expense of $9.2 million due to a remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. This tax expense represents a provisional amount and the Company’s current best estimates. Any adjustments recorded to the provisional amounts through the first quarter of fiscal 2018 will be included in income from operations as an adjustment to tax expense. The provisional amounts incorporate assumptions made based upon the Company’s current interpretation of the Tax Reform Act and may change as the Company receives additional clarification and implementation guidance.

The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in Isramco’s financial statements or tax returns. The Company provides for deferred taxes on temporary differences between the financial statements and tax basis of its assets using the enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income when the temporary differences are expected to reverse.

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740-10, effective January 1, 2007.  The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes on continuing operations. There were no unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the tax rate. There were no interest or penalties recognized as of the date of adoption or for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017.  The Company’s tax years subsequent to 2014 currently remain open and subject to examination by federal tax authorities and the tax authorities in Colorado, Louisiana, Michigan, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah which are the jurisdictions in which the Company has had its principal operations. In certain of these jurisdictions, the Company operates through more than one legal entity, each of which may have different open years subject to examination. It is important to note that years are technically open for examination until the statute of limitations in each respective jurisdiction expires.

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the Federal Income Tax Rate to pre-tax income from continuing operations due to the following items:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
	(In thousands)
Expected tax (benefit) expense	$	6,934	$	2,889	$	(10,584	)
US and Foreign Statutory Rate Change (1)		9,234		-		-
Alternative minimum tax conversion		57		-		-
Change in Valuation Allowance		28,677		-		-
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary		531		650		1,287
Other		204		95		46
Total tax expense (benefit)	$	45,637	$	3,634	$	(9,251	)

(1)See Recent Changes in US Tax Law, above. Rate will decrease to 21.0% for fiscal year 2018  

Deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are comprised primarily of net operating loss carry forwards and book impairment from write downs of assets. Book basis in excess of tax basis for oil and gas properties and equipment primarily results from differing methodologies for recording property costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and the applicable income tax statutes and regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

F-19

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdictions during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, current financial position, results of operations, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies as well as current and forecasted business economics in the oil and gas industry. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income, we believe it is unlikely that we will realize the benefits of these net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets as we do not expect to have a realizable taxable income subject to deduction. Therefore, we have included a full valuation allowance to decrease the deferred tax assets balances to zero.

Effective December 21, 2016, the Israeli government decreased the corporate income tax rate from 25% to 24% for 2017 and announced a further rate decrease from 24% to 23% effective January 2018. A full valuation allowance has been recorded against foreign tax credits based on current interpretation of US Tax Reform law and the expected future utilization of foreign tax credits stems from a lower tax rate of 21% applied on taxable income in United States.

The principal components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of December 31 were as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	511		$	803
Unrealized Hedging Transactions		57			356
Foreign tax credit (1)		23,743			24,189
Book-tax differences in property basis		3,757			3,848
Other		2			60
Net operating loss carry-forwards		607			9,479
Less valuation allowance		(28,677	)		-
Deferred noncurrent tax assets	$	-		$	38,735

 (1) Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses from Tamar Field in 2017 were $28,781,000. The Company paid $6,907,000 in foreign income taxes. As a result a foreign tax credit has been created in the US to be used against future US income tax. The credit will expire in various amounts beginning in 2024 and ending in 2027. Due to Recent Changes in US Tax Law a full valuation allowance has been recorded based on our interpretations of US Tax Law and expectation of future usage of foreign tax credit.

Components of income (loss) from operations before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Domestic	$	(8,970	)	$	(18,939	)	$	(55,390	)
Foreign		28,781			27,462			25,151
Total	$	19,811		$	8,523		$	(30,239	)

The principal components of the Company’s Income Tax Provision for the years indicated below were as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Current income tax:
Federal	$	(57	)	$	-		$	-
Foreign		6,907			6,866			6,665
State		-			-			69
Total current income tax	$	6,850		$	6,866		$	6,734
Deferred income tax
Federal	$	38,787		$	(3,232	)	$	(15,985	)
Foreign		-			-			-
State		-			-			-
Total deferred income tax	$	38,787		$	(3,232	)	$	(15,985	)
Provision for income tax	$	45,637		$	3,634		$	(9,251	)

F-20

At December 31, 2017 the Company has U.S. tax loss carry forwards of approximately $2,895,166 which will expire in various amounts beginning in 2028 and ending in 2036.  Utilization of such loss carry forwards could be limited to the extent Isramco has an ownership change that triggers the limitation under Section 382 of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A full valuation allowance has been recorded to decrease deferred tax balances associated with loss carry forwards according to our interpretation of US Tax Law and expectations of future usage of these loss carry forwards.

6. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data):

	2017			2016		2015
Numerator for Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share -
Net Income (loss)	$	(24,310	)	$	6,745	$	(17,310	)
Denominator for Basic Earnings per Share -
Weighted Average Shares		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Potential Dilutive Common Shares -		-			-		-
Adjusted Weighted Average Shares		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders – Basic	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48	$	(6.37	)
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders – Diluted	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48	$	(6.37	)

7. Stock Options

At the Annual Shareholders Meeting in 2011, the shareholders adopted the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. That plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and there are 200,000 shares under that plan that may be awarded. Independent members of the board of directors as well as employee of and consultants to the Company are eligible to receive awards. The awards can be in the form of stock options, restricted stock or other stock–based awards. The awards are intended to qualify as performance-based compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. There are no granted awards outstanding under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan.

No stock options were granted during 2017, 2016 and 2015. Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2011 plan are 200,000 shares. There are no granted stock options outstanding under the 2011 Plan as of balance sheet date.

8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The Israeli taxing authority withheld taxes of $6,907,000, $6,866,000, and $6,665,000 during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 respectively.

Cash payments for interest were $4,012,000, $3,859,000, and $8,451,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 respectively.

F-21

The consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 exclude the following non-cash transactions:

●   Net additions to equipment of $33,000 included in accounts payable in 2017.

●   Addition to prepaid expenses and other of $485,000 from sale of equipment in 2017.

●   Increase in property and equipment of $28,000 due to additional asset retirement obligation in 2017.

●   Asset retirement obligation relieved of $19,000 due to sale of oil and gas properties in 2017.

●   Insurance premiums financed through issuance of short term debt of $835,000 in 2017.

● Increase in property and equipment of $1,000 due to additional asset retirement obligation in 2016.

● Termination of $487,000 short-term insurance financing reduced prepaid insurance in 2016

● Insurance premiums financed through issuance of short term debt of $742,000 in 2016.

● Equipment of $457,000 included in accounts payable in 2016.

● Equipment additions were offset by trade-ins valued at $75,000 in 2016.

● Retirement of asset retirement obligations in the amount of $1,035,000 included in the gain on sale of oil and gas properties in 2015.

● Oil and gas property of $1,347,000 removed from accounts payable due to title dispute in 2015.

● Insurance premiums financed through issuance of short term debt of $1,954,000 in 2015.

● Equipment of $84,000 included in accounts payable in 2015.

● Increase in property and equipment of $17,000 due to additional asset retirement obligation in 2015.

● Increase in debt discount of $235,000 deducted from loan proceeds in 2015.

9. Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially expose Isramco to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash equivalents, trade and joint interest accounts receivable. Isramco’s customer base includes several of the major United States oil and gas operating and production companies as well as major power companies in Israel. Although Isramco is directly affected by the well-being of the oil and gas production industry, management does not believe a significant credit risk existed as of December 31, 2017. Isramco continues to monitor and review credit exposure of its marketing counter-parties.

Our production services segment customers include major oil and natural gas production companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and usually do not require material collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses when necessary. Our results of operations and financial position should be considered in light of the fluctuations in demand experienced by oilfield service companies as changes in oil and gas producers’ expenditures and budgets occur. These fluctuations can impact our results of operations and financial position as supply and demand factors directly affect utilization and hours which are the primary determinants of our net cash provided by operating activities.

Isramco maintains deposits in banks, which may exceed the amount of federal deposit insurance available. Management periodically assesses the financial condition of the institutions and believes that any possible deposit loss is minimal.

10. Segment Information

Isramco’s primary business segments are vertically integrated within the oil and gas industry. These segments are separately managed due to distinct operational differences, unique technology, distribution and marketing requirements. The Company’s two reporting segments are oil and gas exploration and production and production services. The oil and gas exploration and production segment explores for and produces natural gas, crude oil, condensate, and NGLs. The production services segment is engaged in rig-based and workover services, well completion and recompletion services, plugging and abandonment of wells and other ancillary oilfield services.

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Segment

Our Oil and Gas segment is engaged in the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties located onshore in the United States and ownership of various royalty interests in oil and gas concessions located offshore Israel. We own varying working interests in oil and gas wells in Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Utah and Colorado and currently serve as operator of approximately 422 producing wells located mainly in Texas in New Mexico.

Production services Segment

Our rig-based services include the completion of newly drilled wells, workover and recompletion of existing oil and natural gas wells, well maintenance, and the plugging and abandonment of wells at the end of their useful lives.

F-22

The completion and recompletion services provided by our rigs prepare a newly drilled well, or a well that was recently extended through a workover, for production. The completion process may involve selectively perforating the well casing to access production zones, stimulating and testing these zones, and installing tubular and downhole equipment. We typically provide a production services rig and may also provide other equipment to assist in the completion process. The completion process usually takes a few days to several weeks, depending on the nature of the completion.

The workover services that we provide are designed to enhance the production of existing wells and generally are more complex and time consuming than normal maintenance services. Workover services can include deepening or extending wellbores into new formations by drilling horizontal or lateral wellbores, sealing off depleted production zones and accessing previously bypassed production zones, converting former production wells into injection wells for enhanced recovery operations and conducting major subsurface repairs due to equipment failures. Workover services may last from a few days to several weeks, depending on the complexity of the workover.

The maintenance services that we provide with our rig fleet are generally required throughout the life cycle of an oil or natural gas well. Examples of these maintenance services include routine mechanical repairs to the pumps, tubing and other equipment, removing debris and formation material from wellbores, and pulling the rods and other downhole equipment from wellbores to identify and resolve production problems. Maintenance services generally take less than 48 hours to complete. Our rig fleet is also used in the process of permanently shutting-in oil or natural gas wells that are at the end of their productive lives. These plugging and abandonment services generally require auxiliary equipment in addition to a production servicing rig. The demand for plugging and abandonment services is not significantly impacted by the demand for oil and natural gas because well operators are required by state and federal regulations to plug wells that are no longer productive.

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production			Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2017:
Sales revenues
United States	$	15,109		$	18,265		$	-		$	33,374
Israel		28,781			-			-			28,781
Office services and other		3,912			-			(120	)		3,792
Total revenues and other		47,802			18,265			(120	)		65,947
Operating costs and expenses		15,079			19,154			(120	)		34,113
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		2,454			3,072			-			5,526
Impairment		1,682			-			-			1,682
Interest expenses, net and other		993			3,791			-			4,784
Loss on derivative contracts		176			-			-			176
Other income, net		(33	)		(112	)					(145	)
Total expenses and other		20,351			25,905			(120	)		46,136
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	27,451		$	(7,640	)	$	-		$	19,811
Net loss		(20,329	)		(5,497	)		-			(25,826	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-			(1,516	)		-			(1,516	)
Net loss attributable to Isramco		(20,329	)		(3,981	)		-			(24,310	)
Total Assets	$	67,374		$	41,423		$	-		$	108,797
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	727		$	3,457		$	-		$	4,184

F-23

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production		Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2016:
Sales revenues
United States	$	12,947	$	12,752		$	-		$	25,699
Israel		27,462		-			-			27,462
Office services and other		1,901		-			(120	)		1,781
Total revenues and other		42,310		12,752			(120	)		54,942
Operating costs and expenses		14,304		15,495			(120	)		29,679
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		3,474		3,193			-			6,667
Impairment		4,529		-			-			4,529
Interest expenses, net and other		1,509		3,308			-			4,817
Loss on derivative contracts		657		-			-			657
Other expense, net		34		36						70
Total expenses and other		24,507		22,032			(120	)		46,419
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	17,803	$	(9,280	)	$	-		$	8,523
Net income (loss)		11,571		(6,682	)		-			4,889
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		(1,856	)		-			(1,856	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		11,571		(4,826	)		-			6,745
Total Assets	$	103,956	$	37,316		$	-		$	141,272
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	233	$	908		$	-		$	1,141

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production			Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2015:
Sales revenues
United States	$	17,047		$	22,465		$	-		$	39,512
Israel		25,151			-			-			25,151
Office services and other		9,966			-			(120	)		9,846
Total revenues and other		52,164			22,465			(120	)		74,509
Operating costs and expenses		20,581			23,256			(120	)		43,717
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		6,091			3,853			-			9,944
Impairment		33,138			10,566			-			43,704
Interest expenses, net and other		2,156			3,154			-			5,310
Loss on derivative contracts		1,988			-			-			1,988
Other expense, net		59			26						85
Total expenses and other		64,013			40,855			(120	)		104,748
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(11,849	)	$	(18,390	)	$	-		$	(30,239	)
Net income (loss)		(7,747	)		(13,241	)		-			(20,988	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-			(3,678	)		-			(3,678	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		(7,747	)		(9,563	)		-			(17,310	)
Total Assets	$	104,067		$	42,890		$	-		$	146,957
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	2,929		$	2,310		$	-		$	5,239

F-24

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Isramco has a few immaterial lease agreements.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be a plaintiff or defendant in a pending or threatened legal proceeding arising in the normal course of its business. All known liabilities are accrued based on the Company’s best estimate of the potential loss. In the opinion of management, Isramco’s ultimate liability, if any, in these pending actions would not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, operating results or liquidity of Isramco.

12. Asset Retirement Obligation

If a reasonable estimate of the fair value of an obligation to perform site reclamation, dismantle facilities or plug and abandon wells can be made, the Company records a liability (an asset retirement obligation or ARO) on the consolidated balance sheets and capitalizes the asset retirement cost in oil and natural gas properties in the period in which the retirement obligation is incurred. In general, the amount of an ARO and the costs capitalized will be equal to the estimated future cost to satisfy the abandonment obligation using current prices that are escalated by an assumed inflation factor up to the estimated settlement date, which is then discounted back to the date that the abandonment obligation was incurred using an assumed cost of funds for the company. After recording these amounts, the ARO is accreted to its future estimated value using the same assumed cost of funds and the additional capitalized costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis.

The following table presents the reconciliation of the beginning and ending aggregate carrying amount legal obligations associated with the retirement of oil and gas properties at December 31 (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Liability for asset retirement obligation at  the beginning of the year	$	20,748		$	19,884		$	20,046
Liabilities Incurred		28			1			17
Liabilities settled and divested		(19	)		(34	)		(1,035	)
Accretion expense		913			897			856
Liability for asset retirement obligation at  the end of the year	$	21,670		$	20,748		$	19,884

13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited)

The following supplemental information regarding the oil and gas activities of Isramco for 2017, 2016 and 2015 is presented pursuant to the disclosure requirements promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and ASC 932, “Disclosures About Oil and Gas Producing Activities.” Capitalized costs relating to oil and gas activities and costs incurred in oil and gas property acquisition, exploration and development activities for each year are shown below.

CAPITALIZED COST OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES (IN THOUSANDS)

As of December 31	2017			2016
	United States			United States
Unproved properties not being amortized	$	-		$	-
Proved property being amortized		243,812			244,158
Accumulated depreciation, depletion amortization and impairment		(224,105	)		(221,257	)
Net capitalized costs	$	19,707		$	22,901

F-25

COSTS INCURRED IN OIL AND GAS PROPERTY ACQUISITION, EXPLORATION, AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES (IN THOUSANDS)

As of December 31	2017		2016		2015
Property acquisition costs—proved and unproved properties	$	-	$	-	$	-
Exploration costs	$	-	$	-	$	-
Development costs	$	-	$	-	$	1,230

OIL AND GAS RESERVES

Reserves

Users of this information should be aware that the process of estimating quantities of “proved” and “proved developed” oil and natural gas reserves is very complex, requiring significant subjective decisions in the evaluation of all available geological, engineering and economic data for each reservoir. The data for a given reservoir may also change substantially over time as a result of numerous factors including, but not limited to, additional development activity, evolving production history and continual reassessment of the viability of production under varying economic conditions. As a result, revisions to existing reserve estimates may occur from time to time. Although every reasonable effort is made to ensure reserve estimates reported represent the most accurate assessments possible, the subjective decisions and variances in available data for various reservoirs make these estimates generally less precise than other estimates included in the financial statement disclosures.

Economic producibility of reserves is dependent on the crude oil and natural gas prices used in the reserves estimate. We based our December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 reserves estimates on 12-month average commodity prices, unless contractual arrangements designate the price to be used, in accordance with SEC rules. However, commodity prices are volatile. Declines in crude oil or natural gas prices could result in negative reserves revisions.

The following definitions apply to our categories of proved reserves:

Proved Oil and Gas Reserves Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

Developed Oil and Gas Reserves Proved developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared with the cost of a new well.

Undeveloped Oil and Gas Reserves  Proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves (PUDs) are reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.

Our current reserve reports covering United States properties do not reflect any significant or material proved undeveloped reserves (“PUD”).  Nevertheless, we note that the Company owns legacy assets, some of which may include some development potential which has not yet been fully evaluated.  Accordingly, the Company does not currently have a long-term development plan in place for these assets and, therefore, most major expenditures are made on a case-by-case basis.  By rule, reserves cannot be classified as PUDs in the reserve report if a development plan has not been adopted. 

For complete definitions of proved natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil reserves, refer to SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 4-10(a)(6), (22) and (31).

F-26

Geographic Areas

Our supplemental disclosures are grouped by geographic area, which include the United States and Israel.

The following table illustrates the Company’s estimated net proved reserves, including changes, and proved developed reserves for the periods indicated, as estimated by our independent reserve engineering firms, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. and Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.

	Oil Bbls								Gas Mcf
	United States			Israel		Total			United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2014		2,998,805			-		2,998,805			20,047,575			193,118,896			213,166,471
Revisions of previous estimates		(836,981	)		-		(836,981	)		(5,889,831	)		(410,862	)		(6,300,693	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		8,014			-		8,014			23,489			-			23,489
Acquisition of minerals in place					-					-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		(29,344	)		-		(29,344	)		(51,896	)		-			(51,896	)
Production		(256,774	)		-		(256,774	)		(1,640,485	)		(4,505,000	)		(6,145,485	)
December 31, 2015		1,883,720			-		1,883,720			12,488,852			188,203,034			200,691,886
Revisions of previous estimates		(70,134	)		-		(70,134	)		(1,298,250	)		369,348			(928,902	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		11,189			-		11,189			25,057			-			25,057
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Production		(215,256	)		-		(215,256	)		(1,417,252	)		(5,101,795	)		(6,519,047	)
December 31, 2016		1,609,519			-		1,609,519			9,798,407			183,470,587			193,268,994
Revisions of previous estimates		344,048			-		344,048			1,585,008			28,246,503			29,831,511
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		7,155			-		7,155			12,853			-			12,853
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Production		(195,850	)		-		(195,850	)		(1,319,660	)		(5,342,855	)		(6,662,515	)
December 31, 2017		1,764,872			-		1,764,872			10,076,608			206,374,235			216,450,843
Proved Developed Reserves
December 31, 2017		1,764,872			-		1,764,872			10,076,608			174,252,235			184,328,843
December 31, 2016		1,609,519			-		1,609,519			9,798,407			138,511,587			148,309,994
December 31, 2015		1,883,720			-		1,883,720			12,488,852			167,303,034			179,791,886
Proved Undeveloped Reserves
December 31, 2017		-			-		-			-			32,122,000			32,122,000
December 31, 2016		-			-		-			-			44,959,000			44,959,000
December 31, 2015		-			-		-			-			20,900,000			20,900,000

F-27

	NGL Bbls									Total BOE
	United States			Israel			Total			United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2014		1,410,957			251,055			1,662,012			7,751,025			32,437,538			40,188,563
Revisions of previous estimates		(680,340	)		(395	)		(680,735	)		(2,498,961	)		(68,873	)		(2,567,834	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		4,889			-			4,889			16,818			-			16,818
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			(37,993	)		-			(37,993	)
Production		(92,733	)		(6,074	)		(98,807	)		(622,921	)		(756,907	)		(1,379,828	)
December 31, 2015		642,773			244,586			887,359			4,607,968			31,611,758			36,219,726
Revisions of previous estimates		(42,316	)		(1,944	)		(44,260	)		(328,824	)		59,614			(269,210	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		1,334			-			1,334			16,699			-			16,699
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Production		(76,964	)		(6,882	)		(83,846	)		(528,429	)		(857,181	)		(1,385,610	)
December 31, 2016		524,827			235,760			760,587			3,767,414			30,814,191			34,581,605
Revisions of previous estimates		85,934			39,518			125,452			694,150			4,747,269			5,441,419
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		1,094			-			1,094			10,391			-			10,391
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Production		(67,339	)		(6,991	)		(74,330	)		(483,132	)		(897,467	)		(1,380,599	)
December 31, 2017		544,516			268,287			812,803			3,988,823			34,663,993			38,652,816
Proved Developed Reserves
December 31, 2017		544,516			226,287			770,803			3,988,823			29,268,326			33,257,149
December 31, 2016		524,827			177,760			702,587			3,767,414			23,263,024			27,030,438
December 31, 2015		642,773			244,586			887,359			4,607,968			28,128,425			32,736,393
Proved Undeveloped  Reserves
December 31, 2017		-			42,000			42,000			-			5,395,667			5,395,667
December 31, 2016		-			58,000			58,000			-			7,551,167			7,551,167
December 31, 2015		-			-			-			-			3,483,333			3,483,333

(1) Gas reserves are converted to BOE at the rate of six Mcf per Bbl of oil, based upon the approximate relative energy content of gas and oil. This rate is not necessarily indicative of the relationship of natural gas and oil prices. Natural gas liquids reserves are converted to BOE on a one-to-one basis with oil.

F-28

Extensions, discoveries, and other additions —

The increase in 2017, 2016 and 2015 of the United State reserves is from development of onshore assets, primarily in the Permian Basin.

Revisions of Previous Estimates —

2015 — Proved reserves must be estimated using the assumption that prices and costs remain constant for the duration of the reservoir life. The United States downward Revisions of Previous Estimates was due to significantly lower average first-day of the month NGLs prices calculated for the 12 months ended December 31, 2015 compared to prices as of December 31, 2014; decreased production volumes and increased production costs associated with operations in several of our leases.

2016 — Proved reserves must be estimated using the assumption that prices and costs remain constant for the duration of the reservoir life. The United States downward Revisions of Previous Estimates was due to lower average first-day of the month NGLs prices calculated for the 12 months ended December 31, 2016 compared to prices as of December 31, 2015 and decreased production volumes partially offset by overall decreased production costs associated with operations in several of our leases.

2017 — Proved reserves must be estimated using the assumption that prices and costs remain constant for the duration of the reservoir life. The United States upward Revisions of Previous Estimates was due to higher average first-day of the month oil, gas, and NGL prices calculated for the 12 months ended December 31, 2017 compared to prices as of December 31, 2016 partially offset by overall decreased production. For Israel upward reveseions for 2017 relate to increased production estimates upon completion of an additional well.

STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE NET CASH FLOW

The following Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flow information has been developed utilizing ASC 932, Extractive Activities —Oil and Gas, (ASC 932) procedures and based on oil and natural gas reserve and production volumes estimated by our independent reserve engineering firms, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc and Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. It can be used for some comparisons, but should not be the only method used to evaluate the Company or its performance. Further, the information in the following table may not represent realistic assessments of future cash flows, nor should the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flow be viewed as representative of the current value of the Company.

The Company believes that the following factors should be taken into account when reviewing the following information:

• future costs and selling prices will probably differ from those required to be used in these calculations;

• due to future market conditions and governmental regulations, actual rates of production in future years may vary significantly from the rate of production assumed in the calculations;

• a 10% discount rate may not be reasonable as a measure of the relative risk inherent in realizing future net oil and natural gas revenues; and

• future net revenues may be subject to different rates of income taxation.

F-29

Results of operations from producing activities were as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

thousands	United States		Israel		Total
December 31, 2017
Revenues	$	15,109	$	28,781	$	43,890
Production costs		9,504		-		9,504
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		3,367		-		3,367
Income tax expense (benefit)		783		10,073		10,856
Results of operations from producing activities	$	1,455	$	18,708	$	20,163

thousands	United States		Israel		Total
December 31, 2016
Revenues	$	12,947	$	27,462	$	40,409
Production costs		8,922		-		8,922
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		3,995		-		3,995
Income tax expense (benefit)		10		9,612		9,622
Results of operations from producing activities	$	20	$	17,850	$	17,870

thousands	United States			Israel		Total
December 31, 2015
Revenues	$	17,047		$	25,151	$	42,198
Production costs		14,919			-		14,919
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		6,923			-		6,923
Income tax expense (benefit)		(1,678	)		8,803		7,125
Results of operations from producing activities	$	(3,117	)	$	16,348	$	13,231

F-30

Estimates of future net cash flows from proved reserves of natural gas, oil, condensate, and NGLs for 2017, 2016, and 2015 are computed using the average first-day-of-the-month price during the 12-month period for the respective year. Prices used to compute the information presented in the tables below are adjusted only for fixed and determinable amounts under provisions in existing contracts. Estimated future net cash flows for all periods presented are reduced by estimated future development and production based on existing costs, assuming continuation of existing economic conditions, and by estimated future income tax expense. These estimates also include assumptions about the timing of future production of proved reserves, and timing of future development and production costs. Income tax expense, both U.S. and foreign, is calculated by applying the existing statutory tax rates, including any known future changes, to the pretax net cash flows, giving effect to any permanent differences and reduced by the applicable tax basis. The effect of tax credits is considered in determining the income tax expense. The 10% discount factor is prescribed by U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

In thousands

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2017
Future cash inflows	$	125,464		$	1,116,867		$	1,242,331
Future development costs		(574	)		-			(574	)
Future production costs		(67,245	)		(432,610	)		(499,855	)
Future income tax expenses		(2,984	)		(157,379	)		(160,363	)
Future net cash flows		54,661			526,878			581,539
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(25,899	)		(271,433	)		(297,332	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	28,762		$	255,445		$	284,207

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2016
Future cash inflows	$	93,228		$	976,106		$	1,069,334
Future development costs		(670	)		-			(670	)
Future production costs		(55,554	)		(354,305	)		(409,859	)
Future income tax expenses		-			(186,783	)		(186,783	)
Future net cash flows		37,004			435,018			472,022
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(16,042	)		(202,707	)		(218,749	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2015
Future cash inflows	$	128,449		$	1,052,572		$	1,181,021
Future development costs		(673	)		-			(673	)
Future production costs		(78,345	)		(361,608	)		(439,953	)
Future income tax expenses		-			(210,326	)		(210,326	)
Future net cash flows		49,431			480,638			530,069
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(20,634	)		(231,752	)		(252,386	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683

(1) The government of Israel imposes a tax or charge upon oil and gas revenues, including revenues from oil and gas produced from the Tamar well. Currently, such oil and gas revenues would be subject to a sliding scale of taxation, beginning with the imposition of a 20% charge on oil and gas revenues at such time as total revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended and increasing in steps to a 46.8% charge imposed at such time as revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended. The current tax law provides some relief for oil and gas revenues received from reservoirs developed before January 2014 by delaying the imposition of the charges; i.e. the 20% charge would become effective at such time as total revenues received equal 2 times the costs expended and the maximum 46.8% charge would not become effective until revenues received equaled 2.8 times costs expended. Isramco’s overriding royalty would be subject to the above taxation at such time, and at the same rates, as the revenues attributable to the operating interest. The imposed Israeli tax is included in calculation of future gas revenues from Tamar Field.

F-31

CHANGES IN STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE NET CASH FLOWS

The following is a summary of the changes in the Standardized Measure of discounted future net cash flows for the Company’s proved oil and natural gas reserves during each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2017

In thousands

Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows
Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
	United States			Israel			Total
2017
Balance at January 1	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(5,630	)		(28,781	)		(34,411	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		8,193			(6,683	)		1,510
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		266			-			266
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates (2)		5,764			47,645			53,409
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-
Accretion of discount		1,920			30,088			32,008
Net change in income taxes (3)		(1,570	)		(3,828	)		(5,398	)
Change in production rates and other		(1,143	)		(15,307	)		(16,450	)
Balance at December 31	$	28,762		$	255,445		$	284,207

2016
Balance at January 1	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(4,022	)		(27,462	)		(31,484	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		(2,585	)		(26,275	)		(28,860	)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		379			-			379
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates		(1,339	)		612			(727	)
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-
Accretion of discount		2,613			33,347			35,960
Net change in income taxes		-			716			716
Change in production rates and other		(2,881	)		2,487			(394	)
Balance at December 31	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273

2015
Balance at January 1	$	90,540		$	267,765		$	358,305
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(2,219	)		(25,151	)		(27,370	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		(62,407	)		(27,548	)		(89,955	)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		37			-			37
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates		(14,175	)		(745	)		(14,920	)
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		(465	)		-			(465	)
Accretion of discount		9,775			36,064			45,839
Net change in income taxes		17,165			9,100			26,265
Change in production rates and other		(9,454	)		(10,599	)		(20,053	)
Balance at December 31	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683

(1) The increase in United States in 2017 and the decrease in Israel in 2017 and decrease in both in 2016 and 2015 were driven primarily by higher and lower, respectively, 12-month average commodity prices. For Israel the commodity prices for the last 12 month are based on actual sales from contractual agreements rather than a market index.

(2) Revisions of previous quantity estimates in the United States in 2017 related to increased economics of the properties with better pricing. For Israel this change in 2017 relates to increased production estimates upon completion of an additional well.

(3) The decrease in United States and Israel future tax 2017 is related to the decrease in applicable tax rate from 35% to 21% due to the changes in the United States Tax Law effective January 1, 2018 partially offset by projected inability to utilize net operating losses.

F-32

Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

Quarter Ended	March 31			June 30			September 30			December 31
2017
Total revenues and other	$	14,800		$	18,379		$	16,574		$	16,194
Net income before taxes		4,427			6,748			5,052			3,584
Net income (loss)		2,721			4,252			3,180			(35,979	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(447	)		(384	)		(296	)		(389	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		3,168			4,636			3,476			(35,590	)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	1.17		$	1.71		$	1.28		$	(13.11	)
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	1.17		$	1.71		$	1.28		$	(13.11	)
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

2016
Total revenues and other	$	12,693		$	13,870		$	14,422		$	13,957
Net income before taxes		345			3,259			4,809			110
Net income (loss)		69			1,947			2,994			(121	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(442	)		(485	)		(379	)		(550	)
Net income attributable to Isramco		511			2,432			3,373			429
Earnings per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	0.19		$	0.89		$	1.24		$	0.16
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	0.19		$	0.89		$	1.24		$	0.16
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

2015
Total revenues and other	$	16,638		$	19,211		$	23,828		$	14,832
Net income (loss) before taxes		2,599			1,651			(15,827	)		(18,662	)
Net income (loss)		1,625			951			(10,448	)		(13,116	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(181	)		(353	)		(459	)		(2,685	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		1,806			1,304			(9,989	)		(10,431	)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	0.66		$	0.48		$	(3.68	)	$	(3.84	)
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	0.66		$	0.48		$	(3.68	)	$	(3.84	)
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

F-33

EX-23.1

EXHIBIT 23.1

Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.

petroleum consultants

13640 BRIARWICK DRIVE, SUITE 100	306 WEST SEVENTH STREET, SUITE 302	1000 LOUISIANA STREET, SUITE 1900
AUSTIN, TEXAS 78729-1106	FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102-4987	HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002-5017
512-249-7000	817- 336-2461	713-651-9944
	www.cgaus.com

CONSENT OF CAWLEY, GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES, INC.

The undersigned hereby consents to the inclusion of the information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K with respect to the oil and gas reserves of Isramco, Inc as of the year ended December 31, 2017. We hereby further consent to all references to our firm included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CAWLEY, GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Fort Worth, Texas

March 12, 2018

EX-23.2

EXHIBIT 23.2

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PETROLEUM ENGINEERS AND GEOLOGISTS

We hereby consent to the inclusion of our reserves report which sets forth our estimates of proved reserves and future revenue, as of December 31, 2017, to the Isramco, Inc. overriding royalty interest in certain gas properties located in Tamar and Tamar Southwest Fields, Tamar Lease I/12, offshore Israel, appearing in this Isramco, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K.

NETHERLAND, SEWELL & ASSOCIATES, INC.

By:    /s/ G. Lance Binder                           

G. Lance Binder, P.E.

Executive Vice President

Houston, Texas

March 12, 2018

Please be advised that the digital document you are viewing is provided by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (NSAI) as a convenience to our clients.  The digital document is intended to be substantively the same as the original signed document maintained by NSAI.  The digital document is subject to the parameters, limitations, and conditions stated in the original document.  In the event of any differences between the digital document and the original document, the original document shall control and supersede the digital document.

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

RULE 13A-14(A) / 15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS

I, Haim Tsuff, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Isramco, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2017;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons fulfilling the equivalent function):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 12, 2018       

 /s/ HAIM TSUFF                                       

HAIM TSUFF

CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

RULE 13A-14(A) / 15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS

I, Edy Francis, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Isramco, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2017;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting  to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons fulfilling the equivalent function):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 12, 2018         

/s/ EDY FRANCIS                                                                             

EDY FRANCIS

CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER / CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER)

EX-31.3

EXHIBIT 31.3

RULE 13A-14(A) / 15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS

I, Zeev Koltovskoy, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Isramco, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2017;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting  to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons fulfilling the equivalent function):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 12, 2018         

/s/ ZEEV KOLTOVSKOY                                           

ZEEV KOLTOVSKOY

CHIEF ACCOUNTING OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION BY CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Isramco, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, I, Haim Tsuff, Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Company’s Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

MARCH 12, 2018           

/s/ HAIM TSUFF                                        

HAIM TSUFF

CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER)

A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO ISRAMCO, INC. AND WILL BE RETAINED BY ISRAMCO, INC. AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION BY CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER / CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Isramco, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, I, Edy Francis, Co-Chief Executive Officer / Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Company’s Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

MARCH 12, 2018           

/s/ EDY FRANCIS                                                                         

EDY FRANCIS

CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER / CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER)

A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO ISRAMCO, INC. AND WILL BE RETAINED BY ISRAMCO, INC. AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.

EX-32.3

EXHIBIT 32.3

CERTIFICATION BY CHIEF ACCOUNTING OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Isramco, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, I, Zeev Koltovskoy, Chief Accounting Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Company’s Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

MARCH 12, 2018           

/s/ ZEEV KOLTOVSKOY                                  

ZEEV KOLTOVSKOY

CHIEF ACCOUNTING OFFICER

(PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER)

A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO ISRAMCO, INC. AND WILL BE RETAINED BY ISRAMCO, INC. AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.

EX-99.1

EXHIBIT 99.1

CAWLEY, GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES, INC.
PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
13640 BRIARWICK DRIVE, SUITE 100	306 WEST SEVENTH STREET, SUITE 302	1000 LOUISIANA STREET, SUITE 1900
AUSTIN, TEXAS 78729-1106	FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102-4905	HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002-5017
512-249-7000	817- 336-2461	713-651-9944
	www.cgaus.com

February 5, 2018

Mr. Haim Tsuff -CEO

Isramco, Inc

2425 West Loop South, Suite 810

Houston, Texas 77027

Re:     Evaluation Summary - SEC Price

Isramco, Inc Interests

Total Proved Reserves

As of December 31, 2017

Pursuant to the Guidelines of the

Securities and Exchange Commission for

Reporting Corporate Reserves and

Future Net Revenue

Dear Mr. Tsuff:

As requested, this report was prepared on February 5, 2018 for Isramco, Inc for the purpose of submitting our estimates of total proved reserves and forecasts of economics attributable to the subject interests in certain properties in various states. This evaluation utilized an effective date of December 31, 2017, was prepared using constant prices and costs, and conforms to Item 1202(a)(8) of Regulation S-K and other rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  The results of this evaluation are presented in the accompanying tabulations, with a composite summary of the values presented below:

			Proved	Proved
			Developed	Developed	Proved	Total
			Producing	Non-Producing	Undeveloped	Proved
Net Reserves
	Oil	- Mbbl	1,624.3	140.6	0.0	1,764.9
	Gas	- MMcf	9,622.3	454.3	0.0	10,076.6
	NGL	- Mbbl	537.4	7.1	0.0	544.5
Net Revenue
	Oil	- M$	77,883.0	6,903.6	0.0	84,786.5
	Gas	- M$	27,373.2	1,438.7	0.0	28,811.8
	NGL	- M$	11,729.9	135.5	0.0	11,865.4
	Other	- M$	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Severance Taxes		- M$	6,980.0	436.2	0.0	7,416.2
Ad Valorem Taxes		- M$	3,914.4	279.2	0.0	4,193.6
Operating Expenses		- M$	54,728.1	907.2	0.0	55,635.4
Other Deductions		- M$	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Investments		- M$	0.0	574.2	0.0	574.2
Net Operating Income  (BFIT)		- M$	51,363.5	6,280.9	0.0	57,644.4
	Discounted @ 10%	- M$	26,879.5	3,456.7	0.0	30,336.1
	(Present Worth)

Isramco, Inc Interests

February 5, 2018

Page 2

Future revenue is prior to deducting state production taxes and ad valorem taxes. Future net cash flow is after deducting these taxes, future capital costs and operating expenses, but before consideration of federal income taxes.  In accordance with SEC guidelines, the future net cash flow has been discounted at an annual rate of ten percent to determine its “present worth”.  The present worth is shown to indicate the effect of time on the value of money and should not be construed as being the fair market value of the properties. The oil reserves include oil and condensate.  Oil and natural gas liquid (NGL) volumes are expressed in barrels (42 U.S. gallons). Gas volumes are expressed in thousands of standard cubic feet (Mcf) at contract temperature and pressure base. Our estimates are for proved developed reserves only and do not include any probable or possible reserves.

Presentation

This report is divided into four reserve category sections: Total Proved (“TP”), Proved Developed Producing (“PDP”), Proved Developed Non-Producing (“PDNP”) and Proved Undeveloped (“PUD”).  Within the PDP, PDNP and PUD category sections there are grand total Table I and Table II “oneline” summaries.  The Table I presents composite reserve estimates and economic forecasts for the particular reserve category.  The Table II “oneline” summary presents estimates of ultimate recovery, gross and net reserves, ownership, revenue, expenses, investments, net income and discounted cash flow for the individual properties that make up the corresponding Table I.  The data presented in each Table I is explained in page 1 of the Appendix.  The methods employed in estimating reserves are described in page 2 of the Appendix.  For a more detailed explanation of the report layout, please refer to the Table of Contents following this letter.

Hydrocarbon Pricing

 The base SEC oil and gas prices were $51.34/BBL and $2.976/MMBTU, respectively. As specified by the SEC, a company must use a 12-month average price, calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period. The base oil price is based upon WTI-Cushing spot prices (EIA) during 2017 and the base gas price is based upon Henry Hub spot prices (EIA) during 2017. Adjustments to oil and gas prices were forecast based upon 2016-2017 historical data and were applied by property. Adjustments may include treating costs, transportation charges and/or crude quality and gravity corrections.  All economic factors were held constant in accordance with SEC guidelines.

Economic Parameters

Shrinkage factors were applied to each property against net gas volumes. Ownership was accepted as furnished and has not been independently confirmed. Direct lease operating expenses were forecast based upon 2016-2017 historical expenses.  Investments were applied going forward as provided by your office. Severance tax values were determined by applying normal state severance tax rates. Ad valorem tax rates were forecast as provided by your office. All economic parameters, including lease operating expenses and investments, were held constant (not escalated) throughout the life of these properties.

SEC Conformance and Regulations

The reserve classifications and the economic considerations used herein conform to the criteria of the SEC as defined in pages 3 and 4 of the Appendix.  The reserves and economics are predicated on regulatory agency classifications, rules, policies, laws, taxes and royalties currently in effect except as noted herein.  The possible effects of changes in legislation or other Federal or State restrictive actions which could affect the reserves and economics have not been considered.  However, we do not anticipate nor are we aware of any legislative changes or restrictive regulatory actions that may impact the recovery of reserves.

Reserve Estimation Methods

The methods employed in estimating reserves are described in page 2 of the Appendix. Reserves for proved developed producing wells were estimated using production performance methods for the vast majority of properties. Certain new producing properties with very little production history were forecast using a combination of production performance and analogy to similar production, both of which are considered to provide a relatively high degree of accuracy.

Isramco, Inc Interests

February 5, 2018

Page 3  

Non-producing reserve estimates, were forecast using either volumetric or analogy methods, or a combination of both. These methods provide a relatively high degree of accuracy due to the mature nature of their properties targeted for development and an abundance of subsurface control data. The assumptions, data, methods and procedures used herein are appropriate for the purpose served by this report.

General Discussion

The estimates and forecasts were based upon interpretations of data furnished by your office and available from our files. To some extent information from public records has been used to check and/or supplement these data. The basic engineering and geological data were subject to third party reservations and qualifications. Nothing has come to our attention, however, that would cause us to believe that we are not justified in relying on such data. All estimates represent our best judgment based on the data available at the time of preparation. Due to inherent uncertainties in future production rates, commodity prices and geologic conditions, it should be realized that the reserve estimates, the reserves actually recovered, the revenue derived therefrom and the actual cost incurred could be more or less than the estimated amounts.

An on-site field inspection of the properties has not been performed. The mechanical operation or condition of the wells and their related facilities have not been examined nor have the wells been tested by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. Possible environmental liability related to the properties has not been investigated nor considered. The cost of plugging and the salvage value of equipment at abandonment have not been included except as noted above.

Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. is a Texas Registered Engineering Firm (F-693), made up of independent registered professional engineers and geologists that have provided petroleum consulting services to the oil and gas industry for over 50 years. We do not own an interest in the properties or Isramco, Inc and are not employed on a contingent basis. We have used all methods and procedures that we consider necessary under the circumstances to prepare this report. Our work-papers and related data utilized in the preparation of these estimates are available in our office.

Yours very truly,

CAWLEY, GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Texas Registered Engineering Firm F-693

EX-99.2

EXHIBIT 99.2

March 7, 2018

Isramco, Inc.

1001 West Loop South, Suite 750

Houston, Texas 77027

Ladies and Gentlemen:

In accordance with your request, we have estimated the proved reserves and future revenue, as of December 31, 2017, to the Isramco, Inc. overriding royalty interest in certain gas properties located in Tamar and Tamar Southwest Fields, Tamar Lease I/12, offshore Israel.  We completed our evaluation on or about the date of this letter.  It is our understanding that the proved reserves estimated in this report constitute approximately 90 percent of all proved reserves owned by Isramco, Inc.  The estimates in this report have been prepared in accordance with the definitions and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and, with the exception of the exclusion of future income taxes, conform to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 932, Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas.  Definitions are presented immediately following this letter.  This report has been prepared for Isramco, Inc.’s use in filing with the SEC; in our opinion the assumptions, data, methods, and procedures used in the preparation of this report are appropriate for such purpose.

We estimate the net reserves and future net revenue to the Isramco, Inc. interest in these properties, as of December 31, 2017, to be:

	Net Reserves		Future Net Revenue (MM$)
	Gas	Condensate		Present Worth
Category	(BCF)	(MMBBL)	Total	at 10%
Proved Developed Producing	118.6	0.2	428.5	253.3
Proved Developed Non-Producing	55.7	0.1	161.1	47.3
Proved Undeveloped	32.1	0.0	94.7	31.1
Total Proved	206.4	0.3	684.3	331.7

Gas volumes are expressed in billions of cubic feet (BCF) at standard temperature and pressure bases.  Condensate volumes are expressed in millions of barrels (MMBBL); a barrel is equivalent to 42 United States gallons.  Monetary values shown in this report are expressed in United States dollars ($) or millions of United States dollars (MM$).

Reserves categorization conveys the relative degree of certainty; reserves subcategorization is based on development and production status.  As requested, probable and possible reserves that exist for these properties have not been included.  The estimates of reserves and future revenue included herein have not been adjusted for risk.  This report does not include any value that could be attributed to interests in undeveloped acreage beyond those tracts for which undeveloped reserves have been estimated.

Gross revenue is Isramco, Inc.’s share of the gross (100 percent) revenue from the properties prior to any deductions.  Future net revenue is after deductions for Isramco, Inc.’s estimates of the oil and gas profits levy but before consideration of any income taxes.  The future net revenue has been discounted at an annual rate of 10 percent to determine its present worth, which is shown to indicate the effect of time on the value of money.  Future net revenue presented in this report, whether discounted or undiscounted, should not be construed as being the fair market value of the properties.

Prices used in this report are the 12-month unweighted arithmetic average of 2017 wellhead prices received by Isramco, Inc.  The average gas price of $5.35 per MCF and the average condensate price of $47.58 per barrel are held constant throughout the lives of the properties.

Because this report is for the Isramco, Inc. overriding royalty interest in these properties, no operating costs or capital costs would be incurred.  However, estimated operating costs and capital costs have been used to confirm economic producibility and determine economic limits for the properties.  Operating costs used in this report are based on operating expense records of Isramco Negev-2 LP (Isramco Negev), a working interest owner in the properties.  Operating costs are limited to direct project level costs, insurance costs, and Isramco Negev’s estimate of the portion of operator’s headquarters general and administrative overhead expenses that can be directly attributed to this project.  Operating costs have been divided into field-level costs and per-unit-of-production costs.  Capital costs used in this report were provided by Isramco Negev and are based on estimates of future expenditures for the purpose of preserving and expanding the production capacity.  Operating costs and capital costs are not escalated for inflation.  Isramco, Inc. would not incur any costs due to abandonment, nor would it realize any salvage value for the lease and well equipment.

For the purposes of this report, we did not perform any field inspection of the properties, nor did we examine the mechanical operation or condition of the wells and facilities.  Since Isramco, Inc. owns a royalty interest rather than a working interest in these properties, it would not incur any costs due to possible environmental liability.

We have made no investigation of potential volume and value imbalances resulting from overdelivery or underdelivery to the Isramco, Inc. interest.  Therefore, our estimates of reserves and future revenue do not include adjustments for the settlement of any such imbalances; our projections are based on Isramco, Inc. receiving its royalty interest share of estimated future gross production.

The reserves shown in this report are estimates only and should not be construed as exact quantities.  Proved reserves are those quantities of oil and gas which, by analysis of engineering and geoscience data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible; probable and possible reserves are those additional reserves which are sequentially less certain to be recovered than proved reserves.  Estimates of reserves may increase or decrease as a result of market conditions, future operations, changes in regulations, or actual reservoir performance.  In addition to the primary economic assumptions discussed herein, our estimates are based on certain assumptions including, but not limited to, that the properties will be developed consistent with current development plans as provided to us by Isramco Negev, that the properties will be operated in a prudent manner, that no governmental regulations or controls will be put in place that would impact the ability of the interest owner to recover the reserves, and that our projections of future production will prove consistent with actual performance. If the reserves are recovered, the revenues therefrom could be more or less than the estimated amounts.  Because of governmental policies and uncertainties of supply and demand, the sales rates, prices received for the reserves, and costs incurred by the working interest owners in recovering such reserves may vary from assumptions made while preparing this report.

For the purposes of this report, we used technical and economic data including, but not limited to, well logs, geologic maps, seismic data, well test data, production data, historical price and cost information, and property ownership interests.  The reserves in this report have been estimated using deterministic methods; these estimates have been prepared in accordance with the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE Standards).  We used standard engineering and geoscience methods, or a combination of methods, including performance analysis, volumetric analysis, analogy, and reservoir modeling, that we considered to be appropriate and necessary to categorize and estimate reserves in accordance with SEC definitions and regulations.  As in all aspects of oil and gas evaluation, there are uncertainties inherent in the interpretation of engineering and geoscience data; therefore, our conclusions necessarily represent only informed professional judgment.

The data used in our estimates were obtained from Isramco, Inc.; Isramco Negev; public data sources; and the nonconfidential files of Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (NSAI) and were accepted as accurate.  Supporting work data are on file in our office.  We have not examined the contractual rights to the properties or independently confirmed the actual degree or type of interest owned.  The technical persons primarily responsible for preparing the estimates presented herein meet the requirements regarding qualifications, independence, objectivity, and confidentiality set forth in the set forth in the SPE Standards.  Richard B. Talley, Jr., a Licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Texas, has been practicing consulting petroleum engineering at NSAI since 2004 and has over 5 years of prior industry experience.  Zachary R. Long, a Licensed Professional Geoscientist in the State of Texas, has been practicing consulting petroleum geoscience at NSAI since 2007 and has over 2 years of prior industry experience.  We are independent petroleum engineers, geologists, geophysicists, and petrophysicists; we do not own an interest in these properties nor are we employed on a contingent basis.

Sincerely,

NETHERLAND, SEWELL & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Texas Registered Engineering Firm F-2699

/s/ C.H. (Scott) Rees III

By:

C.H. (Scott) Rees III, P.E.

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Richard B. Talley, Jr.	/s/ Zachary R. Long
By:	By:
Richard B. Talley, Jr., P.E. 102425	Zachary R. Long, P.G. 11792
Senior Vice President	Vice President
Date Signed:  March 7, 2018	Date Signed:  March 7, 2018

RBT:LNH

Please be advised that the digital document you are viewing is provided by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (NSAI) as a convenience to our clients.  The digital document is intended to be substantively the same as the original signed document maintained by NSAI.  The digital document is subject to the parameters, limitations, and conditions stated in the original document.  In the event of any differences between the digital document and the original document, the original document shall control and supersede the digital document.

DEFINITIONS OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES

Adapted from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Section 210.4-10(a)

The following definitions are set forth in U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation S-X Section 210.4‑10(a).  Also included is supplemental information from (1) the 2007 Petroleum Resources Management System approved by the Society of Petroleum Engineers, (2) the FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 932, Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas, and (3) the SEC’s Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations.

(1) Acquisition of properties.  Costs incurred to purchase, lease or otherwise acquire a property, including costs of lease bonuses and options to purchase or lease properties, the portion of costs applicable to minerals when land including mineral rights is purchased in fee, brokers’ fees, recording fees, legal costs, and other costs incurred in acquiring properties.

(2) Analogous reservoir.  Analogous reservoirs, as used in resources assessments, have similar rock and fluid properties, reservoir conditions (depth, temperature, and pressure) and drive mechanisms, but are typically at a more advanced stage of development than the reservoir of interest and thus may provide concepts to assist in the interpretation of more limited data and estimation of recovery.  When used to support proved reserves, an “analogous reservoir” refers to a reservoir that shares the following characteristics with the reservoir of interest:

(i) Same geological formation (but not necessarily in pressure communication with the reservoir of interest);

(ii) Same environment of deposition;

(iii) Similar geological structure; and

(iv) Same drive mechanism.

Instruction to paragraph (a)(2): Reservoir properties must, in the aggregate, be no more favorable in the analog than in the reservoir of interest.

(3) Bitumen.  Bitumen, sometimes referred to as natural bitumen, is petroleum in a solid or semi-solid state in natural deposits with a viscosity greater than 10,000 centipoise measured at original temperature in the deposit and atmospheric pressure, on a gas free basis.  In its natural state it usually contains sulfur, metals, and other non-hydrocarbons.

(4) Condensate.  Condensate is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in the gaseous phase at original reservoir temperature and pressure, but that, when produced, is in the liquid phase at surface pressure and temperature.

(5) Deterministic estimate.  The method of estimating reserves or resources is called deterministic when a single value for each parameter (from the geoscience, engineering, or economic data) in the reserves calculation is used in the reserves estimation procedure.

(6) Developed oil and gas reserves.  Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered:

(i) Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and

(ii) Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.

Supplemental definitions from the 2007 Petroleum Resources Management System:

Developed Producing Reserves – Developed Producing Reserves are expected to be recovered from completion intervals that are open and producing at the time of the estimate.  Improved recovery reserves are considered producing only after the improved recovery project is in operation.

Developed Non-Producing Reserves – Developed Non-Producing Reserves include shut-in and behind-pipe Reserves.  Shut-in Reserves are expected to be recovered from (1) completion intervals which are open at the time of the estimate but which have not yet started producing, (2) wells which were shut-in for market conditions or pipeline connections, or (3) wells not capable of production for mechanical reasons.  Behind-pipe Reserves are expected to be recovered from zones in existing wells which will require additional completion work or future recompletion prior to start of production.  In all cases, production can be initiated or restored with relatively low expenditure compared to the cost of drilling a new well.

Definitions - Page 1 of 7

DEFINITIONS OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES

Adapted from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Section 210.4-10(a)

(7) Development costs.  Costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the oil and gas.  More specifically, development costs, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs of development activities, are costs incurred to:

(i) Gain access to and prepare well locations for drilling, including surveying well locations for the purpose of determining specific development drilling sites, clearing ground, draining, road building, and relocating public roads, gas lines, and power lines, to the extent necessary in developing the proved reserves.

(ii) Drill and equip development wells, development-type stratigraphic test wells, and service wells, including the costs of platforms and of well equipment such as casing, tubing, pumping equipment, and the wellhead assembly.

(iii) Acquire, construct, and install production facilities such as lease flow lines, separators, treaters, heaters, manifolds, measuring devices, and production storage tanks, natural gas cycling and processing plants, and central utility and waste disposal systems.

(iv) Provide improved recovery systems.

(8) Development project.  A development project is the means by which petroleum resources are brought to the status of economically producible.  As examples, the development of a single reservoir or field, an incremental development in a producing field, or the integrated development of a group of several fields and associated facilities with a common ownership may constitute a development project.

(9) Development well.  A well drilled within the proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.

(10) Economically producible.  The term economically producible, as it relates to a resource, means a resource which generates revenue that exceeds, or is reasonably expected to exceed, the costs of the operation.  The value of the products that generate revenue shall be determined at the terminal point of oil and gas producing activities as defined in paragraph (a)(16) of this section.

(11) Estimated ultimate recovery (EUR).  Estimated ultimate recovery is the sum of reserves remaining as of a given date and cumulative production as of that date.

(12) Exploration costs.  Costs incurred in identifying areas that may warrant examination and in examining specific areas that are considered to have prospects of containing oil and gas reserves, including costs of drilling exploratory wells and exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells.  Exploration costs may be incurred both before acquiring the related property (sometimes referred to in part as prospecting costs) and after acquiring the property.  Principal types of exploration costs, which include depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs of exploration activities, are:

(i) Costs of topographical, geographical and geophysical studies, rights of access to properties to conduct those studies, and salaries and other expenses of geologists, geophysical crews, and others conducting those studies.  Collectively, these are sometimes referred to as geological and geophysical or “G&G” costs.

(ii) Costs of carrying and retaining undeveloped properties, such as delay rentals, ad valorem taxes on properties, legal costs for title defense, and the maintenance of land and lease records.

(iii) Dry hole contributions and bottom hole contributions.

(iv) Costs of drilling and equipping exploratory wells.

(v) Costs of drilling exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells.

(13) Exploratory well.  An exploratory well is a well drilled to find a new field or to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of oil or gas in another reservoir.  Generally, an exploratory well is any well that is not a development well, an extension well, a service well, or a stratigraphic test well as those items are defined in this section.

(14) Extension well.  An extension well is a well drilled to extend the limits of a known reservoir.

Definitions - Page 2 of 7

DEFINITIONS OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES

Adapted from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Section 210.4-10(a)

(15) Field.  An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs all grouped on or related to the same individual geological structural feature and/or stratigraphic condition.  There may be two or more reservoirs in a field which are separated vertically by intervening impervious strata, or laterally by local geologic barriers, or by both.  Reservoirs that are associated by being in overlapping or adjacent fields may be treated as a single or common operational field.  The geological terms “structural feature” and “stratigraphic condition” are intended to identify localized geological features as opposed to the broader terms of basins, trends, provinces, plays, areas-of-interest, etc.

(16) Oil and gas producing activities.

(i) Oil and gas producing activities include:

(A) The search for crude oil, including condensate and natural gas liquids, or natural gas (“oil and gas”) in their natural states and original locations;

(B) The acquisition of property rights or properties for the purpose of further exploration or for the purpose of removing the oil or gas from such properties;

(C) The construction, drilling, and production activities necessary to retrieve oil and gas from their natural reservoirs, including the acquisition, construction, installation, and maintenance of field gathering and storage systems, such as:

(1) Lifting the oil and gas to the surface; and

(2) Gathering, treating, and field processing (as in the case of processing gas to extract liquid hydrocarbons); and

(D) Extraction of saleable hydrocarbons, in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state, from oil sands, shale, coalbeds, or other nonrenewable natural resources which are intended to be upgraded into synthetic oil or gas, and activities undertaken with a view to such extraction.

Instruction 1 to paragraph (a)(16)(i): The oil and gas production function shall be regarded as ending at a “terminal point”, which is the outlet valve on the lease or field storage tank.  If unusual physical or operational circumstances exist, it may be appropriate to regard the terminal point for the production function as:

a. The first point at which oil, gas, or gas liquids, natural or synthetic, are delivered to a main pipeline, a common carrier, a refinery, or a marine terminal; and

b. In the case of natural resources that are intended to be upgraded into synthetic oil or gas, if those natural resources are delivered to a purchaser prior to upgrading, the first point at which the natural resources are delivered to a main pipeline, a common carrier, a refinery, a marine terminal, or a facility which upgrades such natural resources into synthetic oil or gas.

Instruction 2 to paragraph (a)(16)(i): For purposes of this paragraph (a)(16), the term saleable hydrocarbons means hydrocarbons that are saleable in the state in which the hydrocarbons are delivered.

(ii) Oil and gas producing activities do not include:

(A) Transporting, refining, or marketing oil and gas;

(B) Processing of produced oil, gas, or natural resources that can be upgraded into synthetic oil or gas by a registrant that does not have the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in such production;

(C) Activities relating to the production of natural resources other than oil, gas, or natural resources from which synthetic oil and gas can be extracted; or

(D) Production of geothermal steam.

(17) Possible reserves.  Possible reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves.

(i) When deterministic methods are used, the total quantities ultimately recovered from a project have a low probability of exceeding proved plus probable plus possible reserves.  When probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 10% probability that the total quantities ultimately recovered will equal or exceed the proved plus probable plus possible reserves estimates.

Definitions - Page 3 of 7

DEFINITIONS OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES

Adapted from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Section 210.4-10(a)

(ii) Possible reserves may be assigned to areas of a reservoir adjacent to probable reserves where data control and interpretations of available data are progressively less certain.  Frequently, this will be in areas where geoscience and engineering data are unable to define clearly the area and vertical limits of commercial production from the reservoir by a defined project.

(iii) Possible reserves also include incremental quantities associated with a greater percentage recovery of the hydrocarbons in place than the recovery quantities assumed for probable reserves.

(iv) The proved plus probable and proved plus probable plus possible reserves estimates must be based on reasonable alternative technical and commercial interpretations within the reservoir or subject project that are clearly documented, including comparisons to results in successful similar projects.

(v) Possible reserves may be assigned where geoscience and engineering data identify directly adjacent portions of a reservoir within the same accumulation that may be separated from proved areas by faults with displacement less than formation thickness or other geological discontinuities and that have not been penetrated by a wellbore, and the registrant believes that such adjacent portions are in communication with the known (proved) reservoir.  Possible reserves may be assigned to areas that are structurally higher or lower than the proved area if these areas are in communication with the proved reservoir.

(vi) Pursuant to paragraph (a)(22)(iii) of this section, where direct observation has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves should be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir above the HKO only if the higher contact can be established with reasonable certainty through reliable technology.  Portions of the reservoir that do not meet this reasonable certainty criterion may be assigned as probable and possible oil or gas based on reservoir fluid properties and pressure gradient interpretations.

(18) Probable reserves. Probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves but which, together with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be recovered.

(i) When deterministic methods are used, it is as likely as not that actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the sum of estimated proved plus probable reserves.  When probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 50% probability that the actual quantities recovered will equal or exceed the proved plus probable reserves estimates.

(ii) Probable reserves may be assigned to areas of a reservoir adjacent to proved reserves where data control or interpretations of available data are less certain, even if the interpreted reservoir continuity of structure or productivity does not meet the reasonable certainty criterion.  Probable reserves may be assigned to areas that are structurally higher than the proved area if these areas are in communication with the proved reservoir.

(iii) Probable reserves estimates also include potential incremental quantities associated with a greater percentage recovery of the hydrocarbons in place than assumed for proved reserves.

(iv) See also guidelines in paragraphs (a)(17)(iv) and (a)(17)(vi) of this section.

(19) Probabilistic estimate. The method of estimation of reserves or resources is called probabilistic when the full range of values that could reasonably occur for each unknown parameter (from the geoscience and engineering data) is used to generate a full range of possible outcomes and their associated probabilities of occurrence.

(20) Production costs.

(i) Costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related equipment and facilities, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs of operating and maintaining those wells and related equipment and facilities.  They become part of the cost of oil and gas produced.  Examples of production costs (sometimes called lifting costs) are:

(A) Costs of labor to operate the wells and related equipment and facilities.

(B) Repairs and maintenance.

(C) Materials, supplies, and fuel consumed and supplies utilized in operating the wells and related equipment and facilities.

Definitions - Page 4 of 7

(D) Property taxes and insurance applicable to proved properties and wells and related equipment and facilities.

(E) Severance taxes.

(ii) Some support equipment or facilities may serve two or more oil and gas producing activities and may also serve transportation, refining, and marketing activities.  To the extent that the support equipment and facilities are used in oil and gas producing activities, their depreciation and applicable operating costs become exploration, development or production costs, as appropriate.  Depreciation, depletion, and amortization of capitalized acquisition, exploration, and development costs are not production costs but also become part of the cost of oil and gas produced along with production (lifting) costs identified above.

(21) Proved area. The part of a property to which proved reserves have been specifically attributed.

(22) Proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation.  The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

(i) The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:

(A) The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and

(B) Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.

(ii) In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.

(iii) Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.

(iv) Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when:

(A) Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and

(B) The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.

(v) Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined.  The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.

(23) Proved properties.  Properties with proved reserves.

(24) Reasonable certainty.  If deterministic methods are used, reasonable certainty means a high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered.  If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate.  A high degree of confidence

Definitions - Page 5 of 7

DEFINITIONS OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES

Adapted from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Section 210.4-10(a)

exists if the quantity is much more likely to be achieved than not, and, as changes due to increased availability of geoscience (geological, geophysical, and geochemical), engineering, and economic data are made to estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) with time, reasonably certain EUR is much more likely to increase or remain constant than to decrease.

(25) Reliable technology. Reliable technology is a grouping of one or more technologies (including computational methods) that has been field tested and has been demonstrated to provide reasonably certain results with consistency and repeatability in the formation being evaluated or in an analogous formation.

(26) Reserves.  Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations.  In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.

Note to paragraph (a)(26): Reserves should not be assigned to adjacent reservoirs isolated by major, potentially sealing, faults until those reservoirs are penetrated and evaluated as economically producible.  Reserves should not be assigned to areas that are clearly separated from a known accumulation by a non-productive reservoir (i.e., absence of reservoir, structurally low reservoir, or negative test results). Such areas may contain prospective resources (i.e., potentially recoverable resources from undiscovered accumulations).

Excerpted from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 932, Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas:

932-235-50-30  A standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to an entity’s interests in both of the following shall be disclosed as of the end of the year:

a. Proved oil and gas reserves (see paragraphs 932-235-50-3 through 50-11B)

b. Oil and gas subject to purchase under long-term supply, purchase, or similar agreements and contracts in which the entity participates in the operation of the properties on which the oil or gas is located or otherwise serves as the producer of those reserves (see paragraph 932-235-50-7).

The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to those two types of interests in reserves may be combined for reporting purposes.

932-235-50-31  All of the following information shall be disclosed in the aggregate and for each geographic area for which reserve quantities are disclosed in accordance with paragraphs 932-235-50-3 through 50-11B:

a. Future cash inflows.  These shall be computed by applying prices used in estimating the entity’s proved oil and gas reserves to the year-end quantities of those reserves.  Future price changes shall be considered only to the extent provided by contractual arrangements in existence at year-end.

b. Future development and production costs.  These costs shall be computed by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved oil and gas reserves at the end of the year, based on year-end costs and assuming continuation of existing economic conditions.  If estimated development expenditures are significant, they shall be presented separately from estimated production costs.

c. Future income tax expenses.  These expenses shall be computed by applying the appropriate year-end statutory tax rates, with consideration of future tax rates already legislated, to the future pretax net cash flows relating to the entity’s proved oil and gas reserves, less the tax basis of the properties involved.  The future income tax expenses shall give effect to tax deductions and tax credits and allowances relating to the entity’s proved oil and gas reserves.

d. Future net cash flows.  These amounts are the result of subtracting future development and production costs and future income tax expenses from future cash inflows.

e. Discount.  This amount shall be derived from using a discount rate of 10 percent a year to reflect the timing of the future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves.

f. Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows.  This amount is the future net cash flows less the computed discount.

(27) Reservoir.  A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible oil and/or gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is individual and separate from other reservoirs.

Definitions - Page 6 of 7

DEFINITIONS OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES

Adapted from U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Section 210.4-10(a)

(28) Resources.  Resources are quantities of oil and gas estimated to exist in naturally occurring accumulations.  A portion of the resources may be estimated to be recoverable, and another portion may be considered to be unrecoverable.  Resources include both discovered and undiscovered accumulations.

(29) Service well.  A well drilled or completed for the purpose of supporting production in an existing field.  Specific purposes of service wells include gas injection, water injection, steam injection, air injection, salt-water disposal, water supply for injection, observation, or injection for in-situ combustion.

(30) Stratigraphic test well.  A stratigraphic test well is a drilling effort, geologically directed, to obtain information pertaining to a specific geologic condition.  Such wells customarily are drilled without the intent of being completed for hydrocarbon production.  The classification also includes tests identified as core tests and all types of expendable holes related to hydrocarbon exploration.  Stratigraphic tests are classified as “exploratory type” if not drilled in a known area or “development type” if drilled in a known area.

(31) Undeveloped oil and gas reserves.  Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

(i) Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.

(ii) Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.

From the SEC’s Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations (October 26, 2009):

Although several types of projects — such as constructing offshore platforms and development in urban areas, remote locations or environmentally sensitive locations — by their nature customarily take a longer time to develop and therefore often do justify longer time periods, this determination must always take into consideration all of the facts and circumstances. No particular type of project per se justifies a longer time period, and any extension beyond five years should be the exception, and not the rule.

Factors that a company should consider in determining whether or not circumstances justify recognizing reserves even though development may extend past five years include, but are not limited to, the following:

•The company’s level of ongoing significant development activities in the area to be developed (for example, drilling only the minimum number of wells necessary to maintain the lease generally would not constitute significant development activities);

•The company’s historical record at completing development of comparable long-term projects;

•The amount of time in which the company has maintained the leases, or booked the reserves, without significant development activities;

•The extent to which the company has followed a previously adopted development plan (for example, if a company has changed its development plan several times without taking significant steps to implement any of those plans, recognizing proved undeveloped reserves typically would not be appropriate); and

•The extent to which delays in development are caused by external factors related to the physical operating environment (for example, restrictions on development on Federal lands, but not obtaining government permits), rather than by internal factors (for example, shifting resources to develop properties with higher priority).

(iii) Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty.

(32) Unproved properties.  Properties with no proved reserves.

Definitions - Page 7 of 7

XML

Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 12, 2018	Mar. 09, 2018
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	ISRAMCO INC
Document Type	10-K
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,717,648
Entity Public Float			$ 69,450,000
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0000719209
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 30,009	$ 26,090
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2,431 and $2,294	12,549	9,902
Restricted and designated cash	802	701
Inventories	475	697
Prepaid expenses and other	2,711	2,295
Total Current Assets	46,546	39,685
Property and Equipment, at cost – successful efforts method:
Oil and Gas properties	243,812	244,158
Advanced payment for equipment	564	440
Production service equipment and other equipment and property	59,108	57,292
Total Property and Equipment	303,484	301,890
Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment	(251,355)	(246,390)
Net Property and Equipment	52,129	55,500
Deferred tax assets and other	0	38,735
Derivative asset	187	0
Restricted cash – long term	9,674	7,122
Investments	261	230
Total assets	108,797	141,272
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	13,515	11,840
Short term debt and current maturities of long-term debt, net of discount of $828 and $789	18,517	9,147
Payables due to related party	60	90
Accrued interest	1,027	974
Derivative liability	457	916
Total current liabilities	33,576	22,967
Long term debt, net of discount of $2,131 and $2,959	77,369	95,441
Other Long-term Liabilities:
Asset retirement obligations	21,670	20,748
Derivative liability		100
Total liabilities	132,615	139,256
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Shareholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock $0.01 par value; authorized 7,500,000 shares; issued 2,746,915 shares; outstanding 2,717,648 shares	27	27
Additional paid-in capital	23,853	23,853
Accumulated deficit	(40,970)	(16,660)
Treasury stock, 29,267 shares at cost	(164)	(164)
Total Isramco, Inc. shareholders’ equity (deficit)	(17,254)	7,056
Non controlling interest	(6,564)	(5,040)
Total equity (deficit)	(23,818)	2,016
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)	$ 108,797	$ 141,272

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Allowances for doubtful accounts (in Dollars)	$ 2,431	$ 2,294
Short term debt and current maturities of long-term debt, discount (in Dollars)	828	789
Long term debt, discount (in Dollars)	$ 2,131	$ 2,959
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	7,500,000	7,500,000
Common stock, shares issued	2,746,915	2,746,915
Common stock, shares outstanding	2,717,648	2,717,648
Treasury stock, shares	29,267	29,267

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenues and other
Oil and gas sales	$ 43,890	$ 40,409	$ 42,198
Production services	18,265	12,752	22,465
Office services	554	569	634
Gain on divestiture	2,703	600	8,378
Other	535	612	834
Total revenues and others	65,947	54,942	74,509
Operating expenses
Lease operating expense, transportation and taxes	9,478	8,925	14,828
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	5,526	6,667	9,944
Impairments of oil and gas assets and equipment	1,682	4,529	43,704
Accretion expense	913	897	856
Production services	18,241	14,494	21,802
Loss (gain) from plug and abandonment	26	(3)	91
General and administrative	5,455	5,366	6,140
Total operating expenses	41,321	40,875	97,365
Operating income (loss)	24,626	14,067	(22,856)
Other expenses
Interest expense, net	4,784	4,817	2,432
Interest expense – related party, net	0	0	2,878
Loss from derivative contracts, net	176	657	1,988
Capital (gain) loss	(145)	70	85
Total other expenses	4,815	5,544	7,383
Income (loss) before income taxes	19,811	8,523	(30,239)
Income tax benefit (expense)	(45,637)	(3,634)	9,251
Net income (loss)	(25,826)	4,889	(20,988)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(1,516)	(1,856)	(3,678)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco	$ (24,310)	$ 6,745	$ (17,310)
Earnings (loss) per share – basic: (in Dollars per share)	$ (8.95)	$ 2.48	$ (6.37)
Earnings (loss) per share – diluted: (in Dollars per share)	$ (8.95)	$ 2.48	$ (6.37)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic: (in Shares)	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648
Weighted average number of shares outstanding-diluted: (in Shares)	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Net income (loss)	$ (25,826)	$ 4,889	$ (20,988)
Comprehensive income (loss)	(25,826)	4,889	(20,988)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(1,516)	(1,856)	(3,678)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Isramco	$ (24,310)	$ 6,745	$ (17,310)

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014	$ 27	$ 23,853	$ 0	$ (6,095)	$ (164)	$ 499	$ 18,120
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2014	2,717,648
Net income (loss)				(17,310)		(3,678)	(20,988)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 27	23,853	0	(23,405)	(164)	(3,179)	(2,868)
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2015	2,717,648
Distribution to non-controlling interests						(5)	(5)
Net income (loss)				6,745		(1,856)	4,889
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 27	23,853	0	(16,660)	(164)	(5,040)	$ 2,016
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2016	2,717,648						2,717,648
Distribution to non-controlling interests						(8)	$ (8)
Net income (loss)				(24,310)		(1,516)	(25,826)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 27	$ 23,853	$ 0	$ (40,970)	$ (164)	$ (6,564)	$ (23,818)
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	2,717,648						2,717,648

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (25,826)	$ 4,889	$ (20,988)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion, amortization	5,526	6,667	9,944
Impairment of oil and gas properties and equipment	1,682	4,529	43,704
Bad debt expense	268	551	1,094
Accretion expense	913	897	856
Gain on divestiture	(2,703)	(600)	(8,378)
Changes in deferred taxes	38,735	(3,239)	(15,915)
Net unrealized loss on derivative contracts	(746)	(586)	1,602
Loss (gain) on sale of equipment and other	(145)	70	85
Amortization of debt cost	789	940	462
Write off of debt cost	0	299	0
Changes in components of working capital and other assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(2,915)	2,007	3,712
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,088	639	1,787
Due to related party	(30)	27	(4,786)
Inventories	222	174	(42)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,694	(1,754)	(4,226)
Net cash provided by operating activities	18,552	15,510	8,911
Cash flows from investing activities:
Addition to oil and gas property and equipment, net	(4,184)	(794)	(4,883)
Proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties	2,705	600	7,506
Proceeds from sale of equipment	49	77	0
Restricted cash and deposit, net	(2,653)	(558)	(7,205)
Investment in Apache Flats	(31)	(132)	(98)
Net cash used in investing activities	(4,114)	(807)	(4,680)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Distributions to non-controlling interests	(8)	0	0
Proceeds from long term debt	0	0	115,030
Repayment of long term debt	(9,600)	(9,000)	(3,000)
Repayments on loans – related parties, net	0	0	(94,250)
Repayment of short-term debt	(911)	(1,341)	(1,810)
Payment of deferred financing costs	0	0	(478)
Borrowings of bank overdraft, net	0	(350)	328
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(10,519)	(10,691)	15,820
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	3,919	4,012	20,051
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	26,090	22,078	2,027
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$ 30,009	$ 26,090	$ 22,078

XML

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Isramco, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliated companies (together referred to as “We”, “Our”, “Isramco” or the “Company”) is predominately an independent oil and natural gas company engaged in the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties located onshore in the United States and ownership of various royalty interests in oil and gas concessions located offshore Israel. The Company also operates a production services company that provides well maintenance and workover, well completion and recompletion services. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned, controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company has evaluated events or transactions through the date of issuance of this report in conjunction with the preparation of these consolidated financial statements.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no material effect on the reported results of operations.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management makes informed judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Management evaluates its estimates and related assumptions regularly, including those related to the value of properties and equipment; proved reserves; intangible assets; asset retirement obligations; litigation reserves; environmental liabilities; liabilities, and costs; income taxes; and fair values. Changes in facts and circumstances or additional information may result in revised estimates, and actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Fair Value Measurements

Certain of Isramco’s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. This price is commonly referred to as the “exit price.” Fair value measurements are classified according to a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs underlying the valuation techniques. This hierarchy consists of three broad levels:

• Level 1 – Inputs consist of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and have the highest priority. When available, Isramco measures fair value using Level 1 inputs because they generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value.

• Level 2 – Inputs consist of quoted prices that are generally observable for the asset or liability. Common examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets not considered to be active.

• Level 3 – Inputs are not observable from objective sources and have the lowest priority. The most common Level 3 fair value measurement is an internally developed cash flow model.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Isramco records as cash equivalents all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Restricted and designated cash

Restricted cash deposits are held in favor of financial institutions or represent deposits with original maturity of longer than three months.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company establishes provisions for losses on accounts receivable if it determines that it will not collect all or part of the outstanding balance. The Company regularly reviews collectability and establishes or adjusts the allowance as necessary by using both the specific identification method and/or general allowance as a percentage of outstanding accounts receivable balances.

Oil and Gas Operations

The Company applies the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Under the successful efforts method, exploration costs such as exploratory geological and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploration overhead are charged against earnings as incurred. Acquisition costs and costs of drilling exploratory wells are capitalized pending determination of whether proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling the well. If management determines that commercial quantities of hydrocarbons have not been discovered, capitalized costs associated with exploratory wells are charged to exploration expense. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proved oil and gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization of the cost of proved oil and gas properties are calculated using the unit-of-production method. The reserve base used to calculate depreciation, depletion and amortization is the sum of proved developed reserves and proved undeveloped reserves for leasehold acquisition costs and the cost to acquire proved properties. With respect to lease and well equipment costs, which include development costs and successful exploration drilling costs, the reserve base includes only proved developed reserves. Estimated future dismantlement, restoration and abandonment costs, net of salvage values, are taken into account.

Amortization rates are updated to reflect: 1) the addition of capital costs, 2) reserve revisions (upwards or downwards) and additions, 3) property acquisitions and/or property dispositions and 4) impairments.

The Company reviews its property and equipment in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 requires the Company to evaluate property and equipment as an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the property and equipment below the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of property and equipment is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the discounted cash flow.

In 2017, 2016 and 2015, we reported an impairment charge of $1,682,000, $4,529,000, and $33,138,000, respectively, relating to our oil and gas properties. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $1,682,000 in 2017 were a result of lower estimated future production in a few fields. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $4,529,000 in 2016 were a result of lower estimated future production in a few fields. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $33,138,000 in 2015 were a result of lower estimated future crude oil, natural gas and NGLs prices which are basis for an impairment calculation and a decrease in production volumes in certain fields 2015.

Gain on divestiture – During the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company sold several leases for a net gain of $2,703,000. The gain consists of $2,705,000 cash plus $18,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset by a write off of accounts receivable of $10,000 and a net book value of $10,000. During the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company sold deep rights in one field for a gain of $600,000. The property sold had no net book value. During year ended December 31, 2015 the Company sold several leases for a net gain of $8,378,000. The gain consists of $7,506,000 cash plus $1,035,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset by a net book value of $163,000. In February 2018 the Company sold a lease for a net gain of $472,000. The gain consists of $454,000 cash plus $19,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset a net book value of $1,000.

Inventory

Inventory is valued at the net realizable value. Cost is determined by using average method. The Company provides a reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventory. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 no reserve has been recorded.

Investments

Investments are recorded at historical costs.

Property, Plant and Equipment Other than Oil and Natural Gas Properties

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation is provided for our assets over the estimated depreciable lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $3,458,000, $3,569,000, and $4,275,000 respectively. We depreciate our operational assets over their depreciable lives to their salvage value, which is a fair value higher than the assets’ value as scrap. Salvage value approximates 15% of an operational asset’s acquisition cost. When an operational asset is stacked or taken out of service, we review its physical condition, depreciable life and ultimate salvage value to determine if the asset is no longer operable and whether the remaining depreciable life and salvage value should be adjusted. When we scrap an asset, we accelerate the depreciation of the asset down to its salvage value. When we dispose of an asset, a gain or loss is recognized.

As of December 31, 2017, the estimated useful lives of our asset classes are as follows:

Description	Years
Production services rigs and components		15
Oilfield trucks, vehicles and related equipment		5 - 10
Production services auxiliary equipment		7 - 15
Furniture and equipment		3 - 7

A long-lived asset or asset group should be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. For purposes of testing for impairment, we group our long-lived assets along our lines of business based on the services provided, which is the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We record an impairment charge, reducing the net carrying value to an estimated fair value, if the asset group’s estimated future cash flows were less than its net carrying value. Events or changes in circumstance that cause us to evaluate our fixed assets for recoverability and possible impairment may include changes in market conditions, such as adverse movements in the prices of oil and natural gas, or changes of an asset group, such as its expected future life, intended use or physical condition, which could reduce the fair value of certain of our property and equipment. The development of future cash flows and the determination of fair value for an asset group involves significant judgment and estimates. During the year ended December 31, 2015 we recorded an impairment of $10,566,000 in relation to our production services segment equipment. We had no such impairment loss in 2017 or 2016.

Asset Retirement Obligation

ASC 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations (ASC 410) requires that the fair value of an asset retirement cost, and corresponding liability, should be recorded as part of the cost of the related long-lived asset and subsequently allocated to expense using a systematic and rational method. The Company records asset retirement obligations to reflect the Company’s legal obligations related to future plugging and abandonment of its oil and natural gas wells and gas gathering systems. The Company estimates the expected cash flow associated with the obligation and discounts the amounts using a credit-adjusted, risk-free interest rate. At least annually, the Company reassesses the obligation to determine whether a change in the estimated obligation is necessary. The Company evaluates whether there are indicators that suggest the estimated cash flows underlying the obligation have materially changed. Should those indicators suggest the estimated obligation may have materially changed on an interim basis (quarterly), the Company will accordingly update its assessment. Additional retirement obligations increase the liability associated with new oil and natural gas wells as these obligations are incurred. See Note 12 “Asset Retirement Obligations.”

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, we operate a substantial portion of our domestic oil and natural gas properties. As the operator of a property, the Company makes full payment of the costs associated with each property and seeks reimbursement from the other working interest owners in the property for their share of those costs. Isramco’s joint interest partners consist primarily of independent oil and natural gas producers. If the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry in general were adversely affected, the ability of the Company’s joint interest partners to reimburse the Company could be adversely affected.

The purchasers of the Company’s oil and natural gas production consist primarily of independent marketers, major oil and natural gas companies and gas pipeline companies. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, no purchaser, marketer, or major oil and gas or pipeline company accounted for 10% or more of Isramco’s consolidated revenues. The Company has not experienced any significant losses from uncollectible accounts as to its sales of oil and gas production. The Company does not believe the loss of any one of its purchasers would materially affect the Company’s ability to sell the oil and natural gas it produces. The Company believes other purchasers are available in the Company’s areas of operations.

The Company’s overriding royalty interest in the Tamar field is paid monthly by Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership, a related party. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, income from this source accounted for 44%, 50%, and 34%, respectively of the Company’s consolidated revenues. If Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership were to stop receiving revenue from its working interest in the Tamar Field, we would not receive revenue from our overriding royalty interest. Loss of payments from this source would have significant financial consequences on the Company.

Our production service subsidiary customers include major oil and natural gas production companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies. We perform credit evaluations of our customers and usually do not require collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses when necessary. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, no one individual customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues. The Company believes the loss of one or more customers of our production service subsidiary would not have a significant effect on this Segment because the Company believes that it can employ its rigs with other existing customers or new customers to the extent it has in the past in such circumstances.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from the sale of oil and natural gas are recognized when the products are sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, delivery has occurred and title has transferred, and collectability of the revenue is reasonably assured. The Company follows the sales method of accounting for recording oil and gas revenues. Under this method, the company records revenue based on the actual sale of volumes to purchasers.

Revenues from our production services activities are recognized when all of the following criteria have been met: (i) evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the price to the customer is fixed and determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

• Evidence of an arrangement exists when a final understanding between us and our customer has occurred, and can be evidenced by a completed customer purchase order, field ticket, supplier contract, or master service agreement.

• Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered when we have completed requirements pursuant to the terms of the arrangement as evidenced by a field ticket.

• The price to the customer is fixed and determinable when the amount that is required to be paid is agreed upon. Evidence of the price being fixed and determinable is evidenced by contractual terms, our price book, a completed customer purchase order, or a field ticket.

• Collectability is reasonably assured when we screen our customers and provide goods and services to customers according to determined credit terms that have been granted based on credit evaluation and assessment.

We present our revenues net of any sales taxes collected by us from our customers that are required to be remitted to local or state governmental taxing authorities.

Price Risk Management Activities

The Company follows ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. From time to time, the Company may hedge a portion of its forecasted oil and natural gas production. Derivative contracts entered into by the Company consist of transactions in which the Company hedges the variability of cash flow related to a forecasted transaction. The Company elected to not designate any of its positions for hedge accounting. Accordingly, the Company records the net change in the mark-to-market valuation of these positions, as well as payments and receipts on settled contracts, in “Net gain (loss) on derivative contracts” on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

As of the date of this report there are no open hedge positions related to commodity prices.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs are amortized over the life of the underlying credit agreement or the expected remaining life of the underlying credit agreement.

Income Taxes and Impact of Tax Reform Legislation

We account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method and provide deferred taxes for all significant temporary differences. Management determines our current tax liability as well as taxes incurred as a result of current operations, but which are deferred until future periods. Current taxes payable represent our liability related to our income tax returns for the current year, while net deferred tax expense or benefit represents the change in the balance of deferred tax assets and liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets. Management estimates the changes in both deferred tax assets and liabilities using the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and for enacted rates that management estimates will be in effect when the differences reverse. Further, management makes certain assumptions about the timing of temporary tax differences for the differing treatments of certain items for tax and accounting purposes or whether such differences are permanent. The final determination of our tax liability involves the interpretation of local tax laws, tax treaties, and related authorities in each jurisdiction as well as the significant use of estimates and assumptions regarding the scope of future operations and results achieved and the timing and nature of income earned and expenditures incurred.

We establish valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets if we determine that it is more likely than not (e.g., a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. To assess the likelihood, we use estimates and judgment regarding our future taxable income, as well as the jurisdiction in which this taxable income is generated, to determine whether a valuation allowance is required. Such evidence can include our current financial position, our results of operations, both actual and forecasted results, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning strategies as well as the current and forecasted business economics of our industry. Additionally, we record uncertain tax positions at their net recognizable amount, based on the amount that management deems is more likely than not to be sustained upon ultimate settlement with the tax authorities in the domestic and international tax jurisdictions in which we operate.

On December 22, 2017, the US Congress enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Reform Legislation), which made significant changes to US federal income tax law affecting us. See “Note 5 Income Taxes” for further discussion of accounting for income taxes, changes in our valuation allowance, components of our tax rate reconciliation and realization of loss carryforwards.

Legal Contingencies

When estimating our liabilities related to litigation, we take into account all available facts and circumstances in order to determine whether a loss is probable and reasonably estimable.

Various suits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business are pending against us. We conduct business throughout the continental United States and offshore Israel and may be subject to jury verdicts or arbitrations that result in outcomes in favor of the plaintiffs. We continually assess our contingent liabilities, including potential litigation liabilities, as well as the adequacy of our accruals and our need for the disclosure of these items. We establish a provision for a contingent liability when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable.

Earnings per Share

The Company’s basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts have been computed based on the average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period and include the effect of any participating securities as appropriate. Diluted EPS includes the effect of the Company’s outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance-based stock awards if the inclusion of these items is dilutive.

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, & 2015, Isramco did not have any outstanding stock options, restrictive stock awards, restricted stock units, or performance-based awards.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent third-party ownership in the net assets of the Company’s consolidated subsidiary and are presented as a component of equity.

Environmental

The Company accrues for losses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Accruals for estimated losses from environmental remediation obligations are recognized no later than the time of the completion of the remediation feasibility study or remediation plan. These accruals are adjusted as additional information becomes available or as circumstances change. Costs of future expenditures for environmental remediation obligations are not discounted to their present value.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance regarding the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. In April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016, the FASB issued additional guidance, addressed implementation issues and provided technical corrections. The guidance may be applied retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach to adjust retained earnings (deficit). The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Isramco adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 using the full retrospective approach. Isramco has concluded that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance regarding the accounting for leases. The guidance requires recognition of most leases on the balance sheet. The guidance requires lessees and lessors to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Isramco will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019. Isramco has conclude that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-18 to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This update clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods therein with early adoption permitted and must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company does not currently anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]

2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties

On November 17, 2008, the Company and Goodrich entered into an Amended and Restated Agreement, as subsequently amended on November 24, 2008, and January 1, 2011 (the “Goodrich Agreement”). The Goodrich Agreement replaced the consulting agreement entered into in May 1996 between the Company and Goodrich which terminated on May 31, 2008, pursuant to which the Company paid $240,000 per annum in installments of $20,000 per month. Under the Goodrich Agreement, as of June 1, 2008, the Company pays Goodrich $360,000 per annum in installments of $30,000 per month in addition to reimbursing Goodrich for all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with services rendered to the Company. The Company’s payment of $360,000 per year under the Goodrich Agreement is herein reflected as the salary of Haim Tsuff, the Company’s Chairman, Co-Chief Executive Officer and President. The Goodrich Agreement had an initial term through May 31, 2011, and automatically extended by its terms for an additional three-year period. The Goodrich Agreement contains certain customary confidentiality and non-compete provisions. The Company and Goodrich entered into a Consulting Agreement dated effective June 1, 2014 (the “2014 Consulting Agreement”), which replaced the Goodrich Agreement. However, the 2014 Consulting Agreement will continue the payment to Goodrich of $360,000 per annum in installments of $30,000 per month, in addition to reimbursing Goodrich for all reasonable business expenses, including automobile expenses, incurred by Mr. Tsuff in connection with services rendered on behalf of the Company, in exchange for management services performed by Mr. Tsuff as the Company’s Chairman, Co-Chief Executive Officer and President. The 2014 Consulting Agreement had an initial term through May 31, 2017, and was automatically extended by its terms for an additional three-years. The Consulting Agreement also contains certain customary confidentiality and non-compete provisions which are identical to those contained in the Goodrich Agreement.

As previously disclosed, on May 18, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC, a newly formed, wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiary of the Company, entered into a term loan credit agreement with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as facility agent for the lenders and as collateral agent for the secured parties, and with the lenders party thereto. Pursuant to the terms of the transaction, the Amended and Restated Borrower LLC Agreement of Tamar Royalties LLC requires management by N.M.A. Energy Resources Ltd, a related party of the Company, and an independent manager, Donald J. Puglisi. As consideration for its management of Tamar Royalties LLC, the Company pays twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) per month to N.M.A. Energy Resources Ltd. As noted herein, Isramco Inc. owns all ownership interests in Tamar Royalties LLC, subject to its management by the aforementioned parties. All overriding royalty payments received in Tamar Royalties LLC are paid by Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership, a company affiliated by common ownership.

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3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value

Pursuant to ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820) the Company’s determination of fair value incorporates not only the credit standing of the counterparties involved in transactions with the Company resulting in receivables on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, but also the impact of the Company’s nonperformance risk on its own liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. The Company classifies fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs.

On June 16, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, engaged in an interest rate swap agreement (“IRS Agreement”) with the Deutsche Bank AG London Branch (“DBAG”). An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties (known as counterparties) where one stream of future interest payments is exchanged for another based on a specified notional principal amount. Interest rate swaps often exchange fixed interest payments for floating interest payments that are linked to interest rates.

As previously disclosed on the Company’s Form 8-K filed May 22, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC entered into a $120,000,000 credit facility with Deutsche Bank, which facility is discussed further in Note 4 “Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense”. Under the terms of this facility, Tamar Royalties LLC, is required to hedge at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding balance under this Facility against fluctuations in LIBOR, with at least thirty seven and one-half percent (37.5%) of the outstanding balance being hedged through swaps. The notional value of these hedges corresponds to the amortization schedule covering the facility and previously disclosed in the aforementioned Form 8-K. Accordingly, on June 16, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC and DBAG entered into the IRS agreement whereby Tamar Royalties LLC hedged $119,250,000 of the $120,000,000 initial borrowing as follows:

(a)    Tamar Royalties LLC hedged 37.5% of the perpetual outstanding balance under the facility, being an initial notional amount of $45,000,000, with a fixed rate swap whereby the Company will pay DBAG a fixed interest rate of 4.63%, and DBAG will pay the Company a monthly floating interest rate of USD-LIBOR-BBA plus a spread of 2.75%.

(b)   Tamar Royalties hedged the remaining 62.5% of the perpetual outstanding balance less $750,000, being an initial notional amount of $74,250,000, against fluctuations in LIBOR by capping the fluctuations in LIBOR at 1.50%. Pursuant to the IRS agreement, the Company will pay DBAG a fixed interest rate of 0.91%, and the Bank will pay the Company the greater of (i) USD-LIBOR-BBA minus a cap strike of 1.5% and (ii) zero.

Financial Instruments as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands): 

		December 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
Financial Instrument	Fair Value Input Level	Carrying			Fair			Carrying			Fair
		Value			Value			Value			Value
ST Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	Level 2	$	(457	)	$	(457	)	$	(916	)	$	(916	)
LT (Liabilities)/Assets:
Interest rate swaps	Level 2		187			187			(100	)		(100	)
		$	(270	)	$	(270	)	$	(1,016	)	$	(1,016	)

Level 2 Financial Instruments

Our interest rate swaps are measured at fair value using Level 2 inputs. The fair of our interest rate swaps is based on the net present value of expected future cash flows related to both variable and fixed-rate legs of the swap agreement. This measurement is computed using the forward London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) yield curve, a market-based observable input.

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4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense

Long-term debt as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2017			As of December 31, 2016
Bank loan
Principal amount	$	98,400		$	108,000
Less: unamortized discount and debt costs		(2,959	)		(3,748	)
Total long-term debt		95,441			104,252
Less: current maturities and current discount amortization		(18,072	)		(8,811	)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	77,369		$	95,441

Bank Loan and Credit Facility

The Deutsche Bank Facility

On May 18, 2015, Tamar Royalties LLC (“Tamar Royalties”), a newly formed, wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiary of the Company, entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “DB Facility”) with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (“Deutsche Bank”), as facility agent for the lenders and as collateral agent for the secured parties, and with the lenders party thereto. The DB Facility provides for borrowings in the amount of $120,000,000 on a committed basis and is secured by, among other things, an overriding royalty interest in the Tamar Field, a natural gas field in the Mediterranean Sea, equal to 1.5375% before payout / 2.7375% after payout in the Tamar Field (the “Royalty Interest”). In connection with the DB Facility, and pursuant to a royalties sale and contribution agreement, the Company contributed the Royalty Interest to Tamar Royalties in exchange for all of the ownership units of Tamar Royalties. Pursuant to the terms of its governing documents, Tamar Royalties will be managed by N.M.A. Energy Resources Ltd, a related party of the Company, and an independent manager, Donald J. Puglisi.

Pursuant to the terms of the DB Facility, Tamar Royalties borrowed $120,000,000 in its initial borrowing under this facility. The initial borrowing under the DB Facility bears annual interest based on the LIBOR for a three-month interest period plus a spread of 2.75%. The $120,000,000 initial borrowing under the DB Facility will be repaid over eight (8) years commencing July 1, 2015, in accordance with an amortization profile based on projected cash flows from the Royalty Interest. Tamar Royalties’ obligations under the Facility are secured by a first ranking pledge of the shares of Tamar Royalties, first ranking pledge of all rights under the agreements creating the Royalty Interest, and a first priority security interest over the accounts created under the DB Facility.

So long as any amounts remain outstanding to the Lenders under the DB Facility, Tamar Royalties must, from and after the end of the Availability Period (as defined in the DB Facility), have a Historical Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the DB Facility) of not less than 1.00:1.00, a Loan Life Coverage Ratio (as defined in the DB Facility) of at least 1.1:1.00, and maintain a Required Reserve Amount (as defined in the DB Facility). In addition, Tamar Royalties is required under the DB facility to hedge against fluctuations in LIBOR as reflected in Note 3 “Financial Instruments and Fair Value”.

On January 3, 2017 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,374,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $974,000 in principal and interest respectively.

On April 3, 2017 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,389,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $989,000 in principal and interest respectively.

On July 3, 2017 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,417,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $1,017,000 in principal and interest respectively.

On October 3, 2017 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,432,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $1,032,000 in principal and interest respectively.

On January 2, 2018 the Company made a payment in the amount of $3,427,000 consisting of $2,400,000 and $1,027,000 in principal and interest respectively.

The Company incurred debt costs in obtaining the facility in the amount of $2,011,000 and $2,959,000 in fees were retained by the lenders. These costs totaling $4,970,000 are recorded as a reduction of the principal loan balance and are being amortized over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. Amortization of these costs for the period ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 totaled $789,000, $820,000, and $402,000 respectively.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, Tamar Royalties was in compliance with the financial covenants required under the DB Facility.

The Société Générale Facility

On June 30, 2015, Isramco Onshore LLC (“Isramco Onshore”), a newly formed, wholly-owned, subsidiary of Isramco, Inc. (the “Company”), entered into a secured Credit Agreement (the “SG Facility”) with The Société Générale, as Administrative Agent and Issuing Lender, SG Americas Securities LLC, as Sole Bookrunner, Lead Arranger and Documentation Agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time, as Lenders. The SG Facility provides for a commitment by The Société Générale of $150,000,000, subject to an initial borrowing base of $40,000,000. The tenure of the SG Facility was four (4) years and the SG Facility was secured by certain onshore United States oil and gas properties. Pricing under the SG Facility was as follows: (i) for EuroDollar Rate (as defined in the SG Facility) loans range from the EuroDollar rate plus 1.75% to the EuroDollar rate plus 2.75% depending on borrowing base utilization; and (ii) for Reference Rate (as defined in the SG Facility) loans ranges from the Reference Rate plus 0.75% to the Reference Rate Spread plus 1.75% based on borrowing base utilization; (iii) a quarterly commitment fee (as defined in the SG Facility) ranging from an annual rate of 0.38% to 0.5% of the undrawn borrowing base.

The SG Facility provided that Isramco Onshore hedge at least seventy-five percent (75%) of its crude oil production before borrowing under the SG Facility. As of December 31, 2017 and as of the date of issuance Isramco Onshore has not entered into such hedge agreements nor has it made a draw under the SG Facility. The Company incurred $478,000 of financing costs in relation to this credit facility which were capitalized as a long-term asset and amortized over the term on the agreement on a straight-line basis until December 31, 2016 at which time the remaining balance totaling $299,000 was expensed.

Isramco Onshore had various financial and operating covenants required by the SG Facility, including, among other things, the requirement that, during the term of the SG Facility, Isramco Onshore must have a Minimum Current Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of not less than 1.00:1.00, a Maximum Leverage Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of not less than 4.00:1.00 and a Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of at least 2.50:1.00. In addition, the SG Facility provided for customary events of default, including, but not limited to, payment defaults, breach of representations or covenants, bankruptcy events and change of control.

On August 18, 2016 as a result of semi-annual borrowing base redetermination the borrowing base under SG Facility was reduced to zero. On February 28, 2017 the SG Facility was terminated.

Related Party Debt

On June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. The final payment totaled $101,022,000 which included loan principal payments totaling $93,395,000 and interest payments totaling $7,267,000. The remaining portion of the payment equal to $360,000 repaid related party payables. As result all related party debt was repaid and the outstanding balance as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was zero.

On March 27, 2015 the Company made a payment against the $12,000,000 I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. Loan, a company which may be deemed to be controlled by Mr. Haim Tsuff, the Company’s Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer, in the amount of $1,030,000, consisting of $855,000 and $175,000 in principal and interest payments, respectively.

I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. (“IOC”)

On February 27, 2007, Isramco obtained a loan in the principal amount of $12,000,000 from IOC, repayable at the end of five years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal is due and payable in four equal annual installments, commencing on the second anniversary of the loan. Accrued interest is payable in equal annual installments. At any time Isramco can make prepayments without premium or penalty. The loan is not secured.

In July 2009, the Company entered into a loan transaction with IOC, a related party, pursuant to which the Company borrowed $6 million (the “IOC Loan”). Amounts outstanding under the IOC Loan bear interest at LIBOR plus 6.0%. The IOC Loan matures in five years, with accrued interest payable annually on each anniversary date of the loan. The IOC Loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty.

Effective February 1, 2009, the loan from IOC was amended and restated to extend the payment deadlines arising on and after February 2009, by two years.

On March 3, 2011, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with IOC pursuant to which it borrowed the sum of $11,000,000. The loan bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum and is payable in quarterly payments of interest only until March 3, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty. The loan is unsecured. During September 2011, Isramco paid $4,544,000 of principal pursuant to this Loan agreement with IOC leaving outstanding principle of $6,456,000.

Subsequently, in October 2011 the agreement with IOC, pertaining to the above mentioned loan in the outstanding principal amount of $6,456,000 was renegotiated. The payoff of principal amount was extended by 6 month to September 9, 2013. Interest accrued per annum was determined on LIBOR+5.5% from initial 10%.

On March 29, 2012, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with IOC pursuant to which it borrowed $3,500,000. The loan bears interest at a rate of Libor + 5.5% per annum and matures on March 29, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan was unsecured.

On April 29, 2012, the Company entered into another Loan Agreement with IOC, pursuant to which it borrowed $10,000,000. The loan bears interest of Libor+5.5% per annum and matures on April 30, 2013, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan was funded by IOC in three monthly installments starting April 2012. The loan is unsecured. The purpose of the loan was to provide funds to Isramco for the payment of amounts that were due to the Lenders under the Senior Credit Facility that was paid in full June 29, 2012.

On February 13, 2013, the Company entered into another Loan Agreement with IOC, pursuant to which it borrowed $1,500,000. The loan bears interest of Libor+6% per annum and matures on February 13, 2018, when all accrued interest and principal is due and payable. The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. The loan is unsecured. The purpose of the loan was to provide funds to back up a Letter of Credit.

On March 1, 2013, all of the above-mentioned Loan agreements and notes with IOC except for the $1,500,000 loan agreement entered on February 13, 2013, were amended. The terms of all these loans and notes between the Company and IOC were amended extending the maturity to December 31, 2018. In addition the payment schedule was changed on the all of the loans and notes to require accrued interest only payments December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017 and final interest payment December 31, 2018 with outstanding principal paid in four equal installments with the first payment December 31, 2015 and a similar payment made December 31 in each of the following three years until the final payment on December 31, 2018. The other terms of the loan agreements and notes remained unchanged.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the IOC debts have been paid in full.

Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and is a controlling shareholder of IOC.

Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp. Ltd., (“Naphtha”)

In connection with the Company’s purchase of certain oil and gas interests mainly in New Mexico and Texas in February 2007, the Company obtained loan from Naphtha, a related party, with terms and conditions as below:

On February 27, 2007, Isramco obtained a loan, in the principal amount of $11,500,000 from Naphtha, repayable at the end of seven years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal is due and payable in four equal installments, commencing on the fourth anniversary of the date of the loan. Interest is payable annually upon each anniversary date of this loan. At any time Isramco can make prepayments without premium or penalty. The loan is not secured. Interest is payable at the end of each loan year. Principal plus any accrued and unpaid interest are due and payable on February 27, 2014. Interest after the maturity date accrues at the per annum rate of LIBOR plus 12% until paid in full. At any time, Isramco is entitled to prepay the outstanding amount of the loan without penalty or prepayment. To secure its obligations that may be incurred under the Loan Agreement, Jay Petroleum, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Isramco, agreed to guarantee the indebtedness. Naphtha can accelerate the loan and exercise its rights under the collateral upon the occurrence any one or more of the following events of default: (i) Isramco’s failure to pay any amount that may become due in connection with the loan within five (5) days of the due date (whether by extension, renewal, acceleration, maturity or otherwise) or fail to make any payment due under any hedge agreement entered into in connection with the transaction, (ii) Isramco’s material breach of any of the representations or warranties made in the loan agreement or security instruments or any writing furnished pursuant thereto, (iii) Isramco’s failure to observe any undertaking contained in transaction documents if such failure continues for 30 calendar days after notice, (iv) Isramco’s insolvency or liquidation or a bankruptcy event or (v) Isramco’s criminal indictment or conviction under any law pursuant to which such indictment or conviction can lead to a forfeiture by Isramco of any of the properties securing the loan.

Effective February 1, 2009, the loan from Naphtha to the Company was amended and restated to extend all payment deadlines arising on and after February 2009, by two years.

On March 1, 2013, the terms of the existing loan and note between the Company and Naphtha was amended extending the maturity to December 31, 2018. The payment schedule was changed on the Naphtha loan and note to require interest only payments December 31, 2013, December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017 and the final interest payment December 31, 2018 with principal outstanding paid in four equal installments with the first payment December 31, 2015 and a similar payment made December 31 in each of the following three years until the final payment on December 31, 2018. The other terms of the loan agreement and note remained unchanged.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the Naphtha debts have been paid in full.

Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and is a controlling shareholder of Naphtha.

Jerusalem Oil Exploration Ltd (“JOEL”)

In February and March, 2008 the Company obtained loans from JOEL in the aggregate principal amount of $48.9 million, repayable at the end of 4 months at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.25% per annum. Pursuant to a loan agreement signed in June 2009, the maturity date of this loan was extended for an additional period of seven years. Interest accrues at a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 6%. Principal and interest are due and payable in four equal annual installments, commencing on June 30, 2013. At any time, we can make prepayments without premium or penalty.

On June 30, 2013, the terms of an Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated May 25, 2008, and note between the Company and Jerusalem Oil Exploration, Ltd. (“JOEL”) were amended to extend the maturity date to June 30, 2017. The payment schedule of the loan agreement and note was amended to require principal and accrued interest to be paid in three (3) installments in the amounts reflected in Promissory Note due on June 30th of each year commencing June 30, 2015. The other terms of the loan agreement and note remained unchanged.

Mr. Jackob Maimon, Isramco’s president at the time and a former director of the Company is a director of JOEL. Mr. Haim Tsuff, Isramco’s Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, is a controlling shareholder of JOEL.

As noted above, on June 27, 2015 the Company used a portion of the proceeds secured from the DB Facility to repay the then-outstanding principal and interest balances of the related party debt. Accordingly, the JOEL debts have been paid in full.

Isramco also had related party payables of $60,000 and $90,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively.

Short-Term Debt

As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 outstanding debt from short-term insurance financing agreements totaled $445,000 and $336,000 respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company made cash payments totaling $911,000.

Debt Maturities

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2017 are due in future years as follows (in thousands):

2018	$	18,900
2019		21,900
2020		17,100
2021		14,700
2022		14,400
2023		11,400
Total	$	98,400

Interest Expense, net

The following table summarizes the amounts included in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

		Years Ended December 31,
		2017		2016		2015
	(In thousands)
Current debt, long-term debt and other - banks		$	4,784	$	4,817	$	2,432
Long-term debt – related parties			-		-		2,878
		$	4,784	$	4,817	$	5,310

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5. Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

5. Income Taxes

The Company operates through its various subsidiaries in the United States (“U.S.”); accordingly, income taxes have been provided based upon the tax laws and federal and state income tax rates in the U.S. as they apply to the Company’s current ownership structure.

On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Tax Reform Act”) was enacted. The Tax Reform Act significantly revised the U.S. corporate income tax regime by, among other things, lowering the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, while also repealing the deduction for domestic production activities, implementing a territorial tax system and removing the expiration of net operating losses. U.S. GAAP requires that the impact of tax legislation be recognized in the period in which the law was enacted. As a result of the Tax Reform Act, the Company recorded a tax expense of $9.2 million due to a remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. This tax expense represents a provisional amount and the Company’s current best estimates. Any adjustments recorded to the provisional amounts through the first quarter of fiscal 2018 will be included in income from operations as an adjustment to tax expense. The provisional amounts incorporate assumptions made based upon the Company’s current interpretation of the Tax Reform Act and may change as the Company receives additional clarification and implementation guidance.

The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in Isramco’s financial statements or tax returns. The Company provides for deferred taxes on temporary differences between the financial statements and tax basis of its assets using the enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income when the temporary differences are expected to reverse.

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740-10, effective January 1, 2007.  The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes on continuing operations. There were no unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the tax rate. There were no interest or penalties recognized as of the date of adoption or for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017.  The Company’s tax years subsequent to 2014 currently remain open and subject to examination by federal tax authorities and the tax authorities in Colorado, Louisiana, Michigan, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah which are the jurisdictions in which the Company has had its principal operations. In certain of these jurisdictions, the Company operates through more than one legal entity, each of which may have different open years subject to examination. It is important to note that years are technically open for examination until the statute of limitations in each respective jurisdiction expires.

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the Federal Income Tax Rate to pre-tax income from continuing operations due to the following items:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
	(In thousands)
Expected tax (benefit) expense	$	6,934	$	2,889	$	(10,584	)
US and Foreign Statutory Rate Change (1)		9,234		-		-
Alternative minimum tax conversion		57		-		-
Change in Valuation Allowance		28,677		-		-
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary		531		650		1,287
Other		204		95		46
Total tax expense (benefit)	$	45,637	$	3,634	$	(9,251	)

(1)See Recent Changes in US Tax Law, above. Rate will decrease to 21.0% for fiscal year 2018  

Deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are comprised primarily of net operating loss carry forwards and book impairment from write downs of assets. Book basis in excess of tax basis for oil and gas properties and equipment primarily results from differing methodologies for recording property costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and the applicable income tax statutes and regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdictions during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, current financial position, results of operations, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies as well as current and forecasted business economics in the oil and gas industry. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income, we believe it is unlikely that we will realize the benefits of these net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets as we do not expect to have a realizable taxable income subject to deduction. Therefore, we have included a full valuation allowance to decrease the deferred tax assets balances to zero.

Effective December 21, 2016, the Israeli government decreased the corporate income tax rate from 25% to 24% for 2017 and announced a further rate decrease from 24% to 23% effective January 2018. A full valuation allowance has been recorded against foreign tax credits based on current interpretation of US Tax Reform law and the expected future utilization of foreign tax credits stems from a lower tax rate of 21% applied on taxable income in United States.

The principal components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of December 31 were as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	511		$	803
Unrealized Hedging Transactions		57			356
Foreign tax credit (1)		23,743			24,189
Book-tax differences in property basis		3,757			3,848
Other		2			60
Net operating loss carry-forwards		607			9,479
Less valuation allowance		(28,677	)		-
Deferred noncurrent tax assets	$	-		$	38,735

 (1) Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses from Tamar Field in 2017 were $28,781,000. The Company paid $6,907,000 in foreign income taxes. As a result a foreign tax credit has been created in the US to be used against future US income tax. The credit will expire in various amounts beginning in 2024 and ending in 2027. Due to Recent Changes in US Tax Law a full valuation allowance has been recorded based on our interpretations of US Tax Law and expectation of future usage of foreign tax credit.

Components of income (loss) from operations before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Domestic	$	(8,970	)	$	(18,939	)	$	(55,390	)
Foreign		28,781			27,462			25,151
Total	$	19,811		$	8,523		$	(30,239	)

The principal components of the Company’s Income Tax Provision for the years indicated below were as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Current income tax:
Federal	$	(57	)	$	-		$	-
Foreign		6,907			6,866			6,665
State		-			-			69
Total current income tax	$	6,850		$	6,866		$	6,734
Deferred income tax
Federal	$	38,787		$	(3,232	)	$	(15,985	)
Foreign		-			-			-
State		-			-			-
Total deferred income tax	$	38,787		$	(3,232	)	$	(15,985	)
Provision for income tax	$	45,637		$	3,634		$	(9,251	)

At December 31, 2017 the Company has U.S. tax loss carry forwards of approximately $2,895,166 which will expire in various amounts beginning in 2028 and ending in 2036.  Utilization of such loss carry forwards could be limited to the extent Isramco has an ownership change that triggers the limitation under Section 382 of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A full valuation allowance has been recorded to decrease deferred tax balances associated with loss carry forwards according to our interpretation of US Tax Law and expectations of future usage of these loss carry forwards.

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6. Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

6. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data):

	2017			2016		2015
Numerator for Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share -
Net Income (loss)	$	(24,310	)	$	6,745	$	(17,310	)
Denominator for Basic Earnings per Share -
Weighted Average Shares		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Potential Dilutive Common Shares -		-			-		-
Adjusted Weighted Average Shares		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders – Basic	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48	$	(6.37	)
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders – Diluted	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48	$	(6.37	)

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7. Stock Options

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Disclosure Text Block Supplement [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity and Share-based Payments [Text Block]

7. Stock Options

At the Annual Shareholders Meeting in 2011, the shareholders adopted the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. That plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and there are 200,000 shares under that plan that may be awarded. Independent members of the board of directors as well as employee of and consultants to the Company are eligible to receive awards. The awards can be in the form of stock options, restricted stock or other stock–based awards. The awards are intended to qualify as performance-based compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. There are no granted awards outstanding under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan.

No stock options were granted during 2017, 2016 and 2015. Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2011 plan are 200,000 shares. There are no granted stock options outstanding under the 2011 Plan as of balance sheet date.

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8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures [Text Block]

8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The Israeli taxing authority withheld taxes of $6,907,000, $6,866,000, and $6,665,000 during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 respectively.

Cash payments for interest were $4,012,000, $3,859,000, and $8,451,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 respectively.

The consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 exclude the following non-cash transactions:

●   Net additions to equipment of $33,000 included in accounts payable in 2017.

●   Addition to prepaid expenses and other of $485,000 from sale of equipment in 2017.

●   Increase in property and equipment of $28,000 due to additional asset retirement obligation in 2017.

●   Asset retirement obligation relieved of $19,000 due to sale of oil and gas properties in 2017.

●   Insurance premiums financed through issuance of short term debt of $835,000 in 2017.

● Increase in property and equipment of $1,000 due to additional asset retirement obligation in 2016.

● Termination of $487,000 short-term insurance financing reduced prepaid insurance in 2016

● Insurance premiums financed through issuance of short term debt of $742,000 in 2016.

● Equipment of $457,000 included in accounts payable in 2016.

● Equipment additions were offset by trade-ins valued at $75,000 in 2016.

● Retirement of asset retirement obligations in the amount of $1,035,000 included in the gain on sale of oil and gas properties in 2015.

● Oil and gas property of $1,347,000 removed from accounts payable due to title dispute in 2015.

● Insurance premiums financed through issuance of short term debt of $1,954,000 in 2015.

● Equipment of $84,000 included in accounts payable in 2015.

● Increase in property and equipment of $17,000 due to additional asset retirement obligation in 2015.

● Increase in debt discount of $235,000 deducted from loan proceeds in 2015.

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9. Concentrations of Credit Risk

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentration Risk Disclosure [Text Block]

9. Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially expose Isramco to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash equivalents, trade and joint interest accounts receivable. Isramco’s customer base includes several of the major United States oil and gas operating and production companies as well as major power companies in Israel. Although Isramco is directly affected by the well-being of the oil and gas production industry, management does not believe a significant credit risk existed as of December 31, 2017. Isramco continues to monitor and review credit exposure of its marketing counter-parties.

Our production services segment customers include major oil and natural gas production companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and usually do not require material collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses when necessary. Our results of operations and financial position should be considered in light of the fluctuations in demand experienced by oilfield service companies as changes in oil and gas producers’ expenditures and budgets occur. These fluctuations can impact our results of operations and financial position as supply and demand factors directly affect utilization and hours which are the primary determinants of our net cash provided by operating activities.

Isramco maintains deposits in banks, which may exceed the amount of federal deposit insurance available. Management periodically assesses the financial condition of the institutions and believes that any possible deposit loss is minimal.

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10. Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

10. Segment Information

Isramco’s primary business segments are vertically integrated within the oil and gas industry. These segments are separately managed due to distinct operational differences, unique technology, distribution and marketing requirements. The Company’s two reporting segments are oil and gas exploration and production and production services. The oil and gas exploration and production segment explores for and produces natural gas, crude oil, condensate, and NGLs. The production services segment is engaged in rig-based and workover services, well completion and recompletion services, plugging and abandonment of wells and other ancillary oilfield services.

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Segment

Our Oil and Gas segment is engaged in the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties located onshore in the United States and ownership of various royalty interests in oil and gas concessions located offshore Israel. We own varying working interests in oil and gas wells in Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Utah and Colorado and currently serve as operator of approximately 422 producing wells located mainly in Texas in New Mexico.

Production services Segment

Our rig-based services include the completion of newly drilled wells, workover and recompletion of existing oil and natural gas wells, well maintenance, and the plugging and abandonment of wells at the end of their useful lives.

The completion and recompletion services provided by our rigs prepare a newly drilled well, or a well that was recently extended through a workover, for production. The completion process may involve selectively perforating the well casing to access production zones, stimulating and testing these zones, and installing tubular and downhole equipment. We typically provide a production services rig and may also provide other equipment to assist in the completion process. The completion process usually takes a few days to several weeks, depending on the nature of the completion.

The workover services that we provide are designed to enhance the production of existing wells and generally are more complex and time consuming than normal maintenance services. Workover services can include deepening or extending wellbores into new formations by drilling horizontal or lateral wellbores, sealing off depleted production zones and accessing previously bypassed production zones, converting former production wells into injection wells for enhanced recovery operations and conducting major subsurface repairs due to equipment failures. Workover services may last from a few days to several weeks, depending on the complexity of the workover.

The maintenance services that we provide with our rig fleet are generally required throughout the life cycle of an oil or natural gas well. Examples of these maintenance services include routine mechanical repairs to the pumps, tubing and other equipment, removing debris and formation material from wellbores, and pulling the rods and other downhole equipment from wellbores to identify and resolve production problems. Maintenance services generally take less than 48 hours to complete. Our rig fleet is also used in the process of permanently shutting-in oil or natural gas wells that are at the end of their productive lives. These plugging and abandonment services generally require auxiliary equipment in addition to a production servicing rig. The demand for plugging and abandonment services is not significantly impacted by the demand for oil and natural gas because well operators are required by state and federal regulations to plug wells that are no longer productive.

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production			Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2017:
Sales revenues
United States	$	15,109		$	18,265		$	-		$	33,374
Israel		28,781			-			-			28,781
Office services and other		3,912			-			(120	)		3,792
Total revenues and other		47,802			18,265			(120	)		65,947
Operating costs and expenses		15,079			19,154			(120	)		34,113
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		2,454			3,072			-			5,526
Impairment		1,682			-			-			1,682
Interest expenses, net and other		993			3,791			-			4,784
Loss on derivative contracts		176			-			-			176
Other income, net		(33	)		(112	)					(145	)
Total expenses and other		20,351			25,905			(120	)		46,136
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	27,451		$	(7,640	)	$	-		$	19,811
Net loss		(20,329	)		(5,497	)		-			(25,826	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-			(1,516	)		-			(1,516	)
Net loss attributable to Isramco		(20,329	)		(3,981	)		-			(24,310	)
Total Assets	$	67,374		$	41,423		$	-		$	108,797
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	727		$	3,457		$	-		$	4,184

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production		Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2016:
Sales revenues
United States	$	12,947	$	12,752		$	-		$	25,699
Israel		27,462		-			-			27,462
Office services and other		1,901		-			(120	)		1,781
Total revenues and other		42,310		12,752			(120	)		54,942
Operating costs and expenses		14,304		15,495			(120	)		29,679
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		3,474		3,193			-			6,667
Impairment		4,529		-			-			4,529
Interest expenses, net and other		1,509		3,308			-			4,817
Loss on derivative contracts		657		-			-			657
Other expense, net		34		36						70
Total expenses and other		24,507		22,032			(120	)		46,419
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	17,803	$	(9,280	)	$	-		$	8,523
Net income (loss)		11,571		(6,682	)		-			4,889
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		(1,856	)		-			(1,856	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		11,571		(4,826	)		-			6,745
Total Assets	$	103,956	$	37,316		$	-		$	141,272
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	233	$	908		$	-		$	1,141

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production			Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2015:
Sales revenues
United States	$	17,047		$	22,465		$	-		$	39,512
Israel		25,151			-			-			25,151
Office services and other		9,966			-			(120	)		9,846
Total revenues and other		52,164			22,465			(120	)		74,509
Operating costs and expenses		20,581			23,256			(120	)		43,717
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		6,091			3,853			-			9,944
Impairment		33,138			10,566			-			43,704
Interest expenses, net and other		2,156			3,154			-			5,310
Loss on derivative contracts		1,988			-			-			1,988
Other expense, net		59			26						85
Total expenses and other		64,013			40,855			(120	)		104,748
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(11,849	)	$	(18,390	)	$	-		$	(30,239	)
Net income (loss)		(7,747	)		(13,241	)		-			(20,988	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-			(3,678	)		-			(3,678	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		(7,747	)		(9,563	)		-			(17,310	)
Total Assets	$	104,067		$	42,890		$	-		$	146,957
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	2,929		$	2,310		$	-		$	5,239

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11. Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Isramco has a few immaterial lease agreements.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be a plaintiff or defendant in a pending or threatened legal proceeding arising in the normal course of its business. All known liabilities are accrued based on the Company’s best estimate of the potential loss. In the opinion of management, Isramco’s ultimate liability, if any, in these pending actions would not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, operating results or liquidity of Isramco.

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12. Asset Retirement Obligation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Text Block]

12. Asset Retirement Obligation

If a reasonable estimate of the fair value of an obligation to perform site reclamation, dismantle facilities or plug and abandon wells can be made, the Company records a liability (an asset retirement obligation or ARO) on the consolidated balance sheets and capitalizes the asset retirement cost in oil and natural gas properties in the period in which the retirement obligation is incurred. In general, the amount of an ARO and the costs capitalized will be equal to the estimated future cost to satisfy the abandonment obligation using current prices that are escalated by an assumed inflation factor up to the estimated settlement date, which is then discounted back to the date that the abandonment obligation was incurred using an assumed cost of funds for the company. After recording these amounts, the ARO is accreted to its future estimated value using the same assumed cost of funds and the additional capitalized costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis.

The following table presents the reconciliation of the beginning and ending aggregate carrying amount legal obligations associated with the retirement of oil and gas properties at December 31 (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Liability for asset retirement obligation at  the beginning of the year	$	20,748		$	19,884		$	20,046
Liabilities Incurred		28			1			17
Liabilities settled and divested		(19	)		(34	)		(1,035	)
Accretion expense		913			897			856
Liability for asset retirement obligation at  the end of the year	$	21,670		$	20,748		$	19,884

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industries Disclosures [Abstract]

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industries Disclosures [Text Block]

13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited)

The following supplemental information regarding the oil and gas activities of Isramco for 2017, 2016 and 2015 is presented pursuant to the disclosure requirements promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and ASC 932, “Disclosures About Oil and Gas Producing Activities.” Capitalized costs relating to oil and gas activities and costs incurred in oil and gas property acquisition, exploration and development activities for each year are shown below.

CAPITALIZED COST OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES (IN THOUSANDS)

As of December 31	2017			2016
	United States			United States
Unproved properties not being amortized	$	-		$	-
Proved property being amortized		243,812			244,158
Accumulated depreciation, depletion amortization and impairment		(224,105	)		(221,257	)
Net capitalized costs	$	19,707		$	22,901

COSTS INCURRED IN OIL AND GAS PROPERTY ACQUISITION, EXPLORATION, AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES (IN THOUSANDS)

As of December 31	2017		2016		2015
Property acquisition costs—proved and unproved properties	$	-	$	-	$	-
Exploration costs	$	-	$	-	$	-
Development costs	$	-	$	-	$	1,230

OIL AND GAS RESERVES

Reserves

Users of this information should be aware that the process of estimating quantities of “proved” and “proved developed” oil and natural gas reserves is very complex, requiring significant subjective decisions in the evaluation of all available geological, engineering and economic data for each reservoir. The data for a given reservoir may also change substantially over time as a result of numerous factors including, but not limited to, additional development activity, evolving production history and continual reassessment of the viability of production under varying economic conditions. As a result, revisions to existing reserve estimates may occur from time to time. Although every reasonable effort is made to ensure reserve estimates reported represent the most accurate assessments possible, the subjective decisions and variances in available data for various reservoirs make these estimates generally less precise than other estimates included in the financial statement disclosures.

Economic producibility of reserves is dependent on the crude oil and natural gas prices used in the reserves estimate. We based our December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 reserves estimates on 12-month average commodity prices, unless contractual arrangements designate the price to be used, in accordance with SEC rules. However, commodity prices are volatile. Declines in crude oil or natural gas prices could result in negative reserves revisions.

The following definitions apply to our categories of proved reserves:

Proved Oil and Gas Reserves Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

Developed Oil and Gas Reserves Proved developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared with the cost of a new well.

Undeveloped Oil and Gas Reserves  Proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves (PUDs) are reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.

Our current reserve reports covering United States properties do not reflect any significant or material proved undeveloped reserves (“PUD”).  Nevertheless, we note that the Company owns legacy assets, some of which may include some development potential which has not yet been fully evaluated.  Accordingly, the Company does not currently have a long-term development plan in place for these assets and, therefore, most major expenditures are made on a case-by-case basis.  By rule, reserves cannot be classified as PUDs in the reserve report if a development plan has not been adopted. 

For complete definitions of proved natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil reserves, refer to SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 4-10(a)(6), (22) and (31).

Geographic Areas

Our supplemental disclosures are grouped by geographic area, which include the United States and Israel.

The following table illustrates the Company’s estimated net proved reserves, including changes, and proved developed reserves for the periods indicated, as estimated by our independent reserve engineering firms, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. and Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.

	Oil Bbls								Gas Mcf
	United States			Israel		Total			United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2014		2,998,805			-		2,998,805			20,047,575			193,118,896			213,166,471
Revisions of previous estimates		(836,981	)		-		(836,981	)		(5,889,831	)		(410,862	)		(6,300,693	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		8,014			-		8,014			23,489			-			23,489
Acquisition of minerals in place					-					-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		(29,344	)		-		(29,344	)		(51,896	)		-			(51,896	)
Production		(256,774	)		-		(256,774	)		(1,640,485	)		(4,505,000	)		(6,145,485	)
December 31, 2015		1,883,720			-		1,883,720			12,488,852			188,203,034			200,691,886
Revisions of previous estimates		(70,134	)		-		(70,134	)		(1,298,250	)		369,348			(928,902	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		11,189			-		11,189			25,057			-			25,057
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Production		(215,256	)		-		(215,256	)		(1,417,252	)		(5,101,795	)		(6,519,047	)
December 31, 2016		1,609,519			-		1,609,519			9,798,407			183,470,587			193,268,994
Revisions of previous estimates		344,048			-		344,048			1,585,008			28,246,503			29,831,511
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		7,155			-		7,155			12,853			-			12,853
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Production		(195,850	)		-		(195,850	)		(1,319,660	)		(5,342,855	)		(6,662,515	)
December 31, 2017		1,764,872			-		1,764,872			10,076,608			206,374,235			216,450,843
Proved Developed Reserves
December 31, 2017		1,764,872			-		1,764,872			10,076,608			174,252,235			184,328,843
December 31, 2016		1,609,519			-		1,609,519			9,798,407			138,511,587			148,309,994
December 31, 2015		1,883,720			-		1,883,720			12,488,852			167,303,034			179,791,886
Proved Undeveloped Reserves
December 31, 2017		-			-		-			-			32,122,000			32,122,000
December 31, 2016		-			-		-			-			44,959,000			44,959,000
December 31, 2015		-			-		-			-			20,900,000			20,900,000

	NGL Bbls									Total BOE
	United States			Israel			Total			United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2014		1,410,957			251,055			1,662,012			7,751,025			32,437,538			40,188,563
Revisions of previous estimates		(680,340	)		(395	)		(680,735	)		(2,498,961	)		(68,873	)		(2,567,834	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		4,889			-			4,889			16,818			-			16,818
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			(37,993	)		-			(37,993	)
Production		(92,733	)		(6,074	)		(98,807	)		(622,921	)		(756,907	)		(1,379,828	)
December 31, 2015		642,773			244,586			887,359			4,607,968			31,611,758			36,219,726
Revisions of previous estimates		(42,316	)		(1,944	)		(44,260	)		(328,824	)		59,614			(269,210	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		1,334			-			1,334			16,699			-			16,699
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Production		(76,964	)		(6,882	)		(83,846	)		(528,429	)		(857,181	)		(1,385,610	)
December 31, 2016		524,827			235,760			760,587			3,767,414			30,814,191			34,581,605
Revisions of previous estimates		85,934			39,518			125,452			694,150			4,747,269			5,441,419
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		1,094			-			1,094			10,391			-			10,391
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Production		(67,339	)		(6,991	)		(74,330	)		(483,132	)		(897,467	)		(1,380,599	)
December 31, 2017		544,516			268,287			812,803			3,988,823			34,663,993			38,652,816
Proved Developed Reserves
December 31, 2017		544,516			226,287			770,803			3,988,823			29,268,326			33,257,149
December 31, 2016		524,827			177,760			702,587			3,767,414			23,263,024			27,030,438
December 31, 2015		642,773			244,586			887,359			4,607,968			28,128,425			32,736,393
Proved Undeveloped  Reserves
December 31, 2017		-			42,000			42,000			-			5,395,667			5,395,667
December 31, 2016		-			58,000			58,000			-			7,551,167			7,551,167
December 31, 2015		-			-			-			-			3,483,333			3,483,333

(1) Gas reserves are converted to BOE at the rate of six Mcf per Bbl of oil, based upon the approximate relative energy content of gas and oil. This rate is not necessarily indicative of the relationship of natural gas and oil prices. Natural gas liquids reserves are converted to BOE on a one-to-one basis with oil.

Extensions, discoveries, and other additions —

The increase in 2017, 2016 and 2015 of the United State reserves is from development of onshore assets, primarily in the Permian Basin.

Revisions of Previous Estimates —

2015 — Proved reserves must be estimated using the assumption that prices and costs remain constant for the duration of the reservoir life. The United States downward Revisions of Previous Estimates was due to significantly lower average first-day of the month NGLs prices calculated for the 12 months ended December 31, 2015 compared to prices as of December 31, 2014; decreased production volumes and increased production costs associated with operations in several of our leases.

2016 — Proved reserves must be estimated using the assumption that prices and costs remain constant for the duration of the reservoir life. The United States downward Revisions of Previous Estimates was due to lower average first-day of the month NGLs prices calculated for the 12 months ended December 31, 2016 compared to prices as of December 31, 2015 and decreased production volumes partially offset by overall decreased production costs associated with operations in several of our leases.

2017 — Proved reserves must be estimated using the assumption that prices and costs remain constant for the duration of the reservoir life. The United States upward Revisions of Previous Estimates was due to higher average first-day of the month oil, gas, and NGL prices calculated for the 12 months ended December 31, 2017 compared to prices as of December 31, 2016 partially offset by overall decreased production. For Israel upward reveseions for 2017 relate to increased production estimates upon completion of an additional well.

STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE NET CASH FLOW

The following Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flow information has been developed utilizing ASC 932, Extractive Activities —Oil and Gas, (ASC 932) procedures and based on oil and natural gas reserve and production volumes estimated by our independent reserve engineering firms, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc and Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. It can be used for some comparisons, but should not be the only method used to evaluate the Company or its performance. Further, the information in the following table may not represent realistic assessments of future cash flows, nor should the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flow be viewed as representative of the current value of the Company.

The Company believes that the following factors should be taken into account when reviewing the following information:

• future costs and selling prices will probably differ from those required to be used in these calculations;

• due to future market conditions and governmental regulations, actual rates of production in future years may vary significantly from the rate of production assumed in the calculations;

• a 10% discount rate may not be reasonable as a measure of the relative risk inherent in realizing future net oil and natural gas revenues; and

• future net revenues may be subject to different rates of income taxation.

Results of operations from producing activities were as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

thousands	United States		Israel		Total
December 31, 2017
Revenues	$	15,109	$	28,781	$	43,890
Production costs		9,504		-		9,504
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		3,367		-		3,367
Income tax expense (benefit)		783		10,073		10,856
Results of operations from producing activities	$	1,455	$	18,708	$	20,163

thousands	United States		Israel		Total
December 31, 2016
Revenues	$	12,947	$	27,462	$	40,409
Production costs		8,922		-		8,922
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		3,995		-		3,995
Income tax expense (benefit)		10		9,612		9,622
Results of operations from producing activities	$	20	$	17,850	$	17,870

thousands	United States			Israel		Total
December 31, 2015
Revenues	$	17,047		$	25,151	$	42,198
Production costs		14,919			-		14,919
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		6,923			-		6,923
Income tax expense (benefit)		(1,678	)		8,803		7,125
Results of operations from producing activities	$	(3,117	)	$	16,348	$	13,231

Estimates of future net cash flows from proved reserves of natural gas, oil, condensate, and NGLs for 2017, 2016, and 2015 are computed using the average first-day-of-the-month price during the 12-month period for the respective year. Prices used to compute the information presented in the tables below are adjusted only for fixed and determinable amounts under provisions in existing contracts. Estimated future net cash flows for all periods presented are reduced by estimated future development and production based on existing costs, assuming continuation of existing economic conditions, and by estimated future income tax expense. These estimates also include assumptions about the timing of future production of proved reserves, and timing of future development and production costs. Income tax expense, both U.S. and foreign, is calculated by applying the existing statutory tax rates, including any known future changes, to the pretax net cash flows, giving effect to any permanent differences and reduced by the applicable tax basis. The effect of tax credits is considered in determining the income tax expense. The 10% discount factor is prescribed by U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

In thousands

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2017
Future cash inflows	$	125,464		$	1,116,867		$	1,242,331
Future development costs		(574	)		-			(574	)
Future production costs		(67,245	)		(432,610	)		(499,855	)
Future income tax expenses		(2,984	)		(157,379	)		(160,363	)
Future net cash flows		54,661			526,878			581,539
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(25,899	)		(271,433	)		(297,332	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	28,762		$	255,445		$	284,207

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2016
Future cash inflows	$	93,228		$	976,106		$	1,069,334
Future development costs		(670	)		-			(670	)
Future production costs		(55,554	)		(354,305	)		(409,859	)
Future income tax expenses		-			(186,783	)		(186,783	)
Future net cash flows		37,004			435,018			472,022
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(16,042	)		(202,707	)		(218,749	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2015
Future cash inflows	$	128,449		$	1,052,572		$	1,181,021
Future development costs		(673	)		-			(673	)
Future production costs		(78,345	)		(361,608	)		(439,953	)
Future income tax expenses		-			(210,326	)		(210,326	)
Future net cash flows		49,431			480,638			530,069
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(20,634	)		(231,752	)		(252,386	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683

(1) The government of Israel imposes a tax or charge upon oil and gas revenues, including revenues from oil and gas produced from the Tamar well. Currently, such oil and gas revenues would be subject to a sliding scale of taxation, beginning with the imposition of a 20% charge on oil and gas revenues at such time as total revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended and increasing in steps to a 46.8% charge imposed at such time as revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended. The current tax law provides some relief for oil and gas revenues received from reservoirs developed before January 2014 by delaying the imposition of the charges; i.e. the 20% charge would become effective at such time as total revenues received equal 2 times the costs expended and the maximum 46.8% charge would not become effective until revenues received equaled 2.8 times costs expended. Isramco’s overriding royalty would be subject to the above taxation at such time, and at the same rates, as the revenues attributable to the operating interest. The imposed Israeli tax is included in calculation of future gas revenues from Tamar Field.

CHANGES IN STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE NET CASH FLOWS

The following is a summary of the changes in the Standardized Measure of discounted future net cash flows for the Company’s proved oil and natural gas reserves during each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2017

In thousands

Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows
Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
	United States			Israel			Total
2017
Balance at January 1	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(5,630	)		(28,781	)		(34,411	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		8,193			(6,683	)		1,510
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		266			-			266
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates (2)		5,764			47,645			53,409
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-
Accretion of discount		1,920			30,088			32,008
Net change in income taxes (3)		(1,570	)		(3,828	)		(5,398	)
Change in production rates and other		(1,143	)		(15,307	)		(16,450	)
Balance at December 31	$	28,762		$	255,445		$	284,207

2016
Balance at January 1	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(4,022	)		(27,462	)		(31,484	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		(2,585	)		(26,275	)		(28,860	)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		379			-			379
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates		(1,339	)		612			(727	)
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-
Accretion of discount		2,613			33,347			35,960
Net change in income taxes		-			716			716
Change in production rates and other		(2,881	)		2,487			(394	)
Balance at December 31	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273

2015
Balance at January 1	$	90,540		$	267,765		$	358,305
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(2,219	)		(25,151	)		(27,370	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		(62,407	)		(27,548	)		(89,955	)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		37			-			37
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates		(14,175	)		(745	)		(14,920	)
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		(465	)		-			(465	)
Accretion of discount		9,775			36,064			45,839
Net change in income taxes		17,165			9,100			26,265
Change in production rates and other		(9,454	)		(10,599	)		(20,053	)
Balance at December 31	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683

(1) The increase in United States in 2017 and the decrease in Israel in 2017 and decrease in both in 2016 and 2015 were driven primarily by higher and lower, respectively, 12-month average commodity prices. For Israel the commodity prices for the last 12 month are based on actual sales from contractual agreements rather than a market index.

(2) Revisions of previous quantity estimates in the United States in 2017 related to increased economics of the properties with better pricing. For Israel this change in 2017 relates to increased production estimates upon completion of an additional well.

(3) The decrease in United States and Israel future tax 2017 is related to the decrease in applicable tax rate from 35% to 21% due to the changes in the United States Tax Law effective January 1, 2018 partially offset by projected inability to utilize net operating losses.

Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

Quarter Ended	March 31			June 30			September 30			December 31
2017
Total revenues and other	$	14,800		$	18,379		$	16,574		$	16,194
Net income before taxes		4,427			6,748			5,052			3,584
Net income (loss)		2,721			4,252			3,180			(35,979	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(447	)		(384	)		(296	)		(389	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		3,168			4,636			3,476			(35,590	)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	1.17		$	1.71		$	1.28		$	(13.11	)
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	1.17		$	1.71		$	1.28		$	(13.11	)
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

2016
Total revenues and other	$	12,693		$	13,870		$	14,422		$	13,957
Net income before taxes		345			3,259			4,809			110
Net income (loss)		69			1,947			2,994			(121	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(442	)		(485	)		(379	)		(550	)
Net income attributable to Isramco		511			2,432			3,373			429
Earnings per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	0.19		$	0.89		$	1.24		$	0.16
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	0.19		$	0.89		$	1.24		$	0.16
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

2015
Total revenues and other	$	16,638		$	19,211		$	23,828		$	14,832
Net income (loss) before taxes		2,599			1,651			(15,827	)		(18,662	)
Net income (loss)		1,625			951			(10,448	)		(13,116	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(181	)		(353	)		(459	)		(2,685	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		1,806			1,304			(9,989	)		(10,431	)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	0.66		$	0.48		$	(3.68	)	$	(3.84	)
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	0.66		$	0.48		$	(3.68	)	$	(3.84	)
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

XML

Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Isramco, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliated companies (together referred to as “We”, “Our”, “Isramco” or the “Company”) is predominately an independent oil and natural gas company engaged in the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties located onshore in the United States and ownership of various royalty interests in oil and gas concessions located offshore Israel. The Company also operates a production services company that provides well maintenance and workover, well completion and recompletion services. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned, controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company has evaluated events or transactions through the date of issuance of this report in conjunction with the preparation of these consolidated financial statements

Reclassification, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no material effect on the reported results of operations.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management makes informed judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Management evaluates its estimates and related assumptions regularly, including those related to the value of properties and equipment; proved reserves; intangible assets; asset retirement obligations; litigation reserves; environmental liabilities; liabilities, and costs; income taxes; and fair values. Changes in facts and circumstances or additional information may result in revised estimates, and actual results may differ from these estimates.

Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Value Measurements

Certain of Isramco’s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. This price is commonly referred to as the “exit price.” Fair value measurements are classified according to a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs underlying the valuation techniques. This hierarchy consists of three broad levels:

• Level 1 – Inputs consist of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and have the highest priority. When available, Isramco measures fair value using Level 1 inputs because they generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value.

• Level 2 – Inputs consist of quoted prices that are generally observable for the asset or liability. Common examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets not considered to be active.

• Level 3 – Inputs are not observable from objective sources and have the lowest priority. The most common Level 3 fair value measurement is an internally developed cash flow model.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Isramco records as cash equivalents all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restricted and designated cash

Restricted cash deposits are held in favor of financial institutions or represent deposits with original maturity of longer than three months.

Receivables, Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company establishes provisions for losses on accounts receivable if it determines that it will not collect all or part of the outstanding balance. The Company regularly reviews collectability and establishes or adjusts the allowance as necessary by using both the specific identification method and/or general allowance as a percentage of outstanding accounts receivable balances.

Oil and Gas Properties Policy [Policy Text Block]

Oil and Gas Operations

The Company applies the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Under the successful efforts method, exploration costs such as exploratory geological and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploration overhead are charged against earnings as incurred. Acquisition costs and costs of drilling exploratory wells are capitalized pending determination of whether proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling the well. If management determines that commercial quantities of hydrocarbons have not been discovered, capitalized costs associated with exploratory wells are charged to exploration expense. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proved oil and gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization of the cost of proved oil and gas properties are calculated using the unit-of-production method. The reserve base used to calculate depreciation, depletion and amortization is the sum of proved developed reserves and proved undeveloped reserves for leasehold acquisition costs and the cost to acquire proved properties. With respect to lease and well equipment costs, which include development costs and successful exploration drilling costs, the reserve base includes only proved developed reserves. Estimated future dismantlement, restoration and abandonment costs, net of salvage values, are taken into account.

Amortization rates are updated to reflect: 1) the addition of capital costs, 2) reserve revisions (upwards or downwards) and additions, 3) property acquisitions and/or property dispositions and 4) impairments.

The Company reviews its property and equipment in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 requires the Company to evaluate property and equipment as an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the property and equipment below the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of property and equipment is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the discounted cash flow.

In 2017, 2016 and 2015, we reported an impairment charge of $1,682,000, $4,529,000, and $33,138,000, respectively, relating to our oil and gas properties. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $1,682,000 in 2017 were a result of lower estimated future production in a few fields. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $4,529,000 in 2016 were a result of lower estimated future production in a few fields. Impairments of oil and gas assets of $33,138,000 in 2015 were a result of lower estimated future crude oil, natural gas and NGLs prices which are basis for an impairment calculation and a decrease in production volumes in certain fields 2015.

Gain on divestiture – During the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company sold several leases for a net gain of $2,703,000. The gain consists of $2,705,000 cash plus $18,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset by a write off of accounts receivable of $10,000 and a net book value of $10,000. During the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company sold deep rights in one field for a gain of $600,000. The property sold had no net book value. During year ended December 31, 2015 the Company sold several leases for a net gain of $8,378,000. The gain consists of $7,506,000 cash plus $1,035,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset by a net book value of $163,000. In February 2018 the Company sold a lease for a net gain of $472,000. The gain consists of $454,000 cash plus $19,000 in relieved asset retirement obligation offset a net book value of $1,000.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventory

Inventory is valued at the net realizable value. Cost is determined by using average method. The Company provides a reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventory. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 no reserve has been recorded.

Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Investments

Investments are recorded at historical costs.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property, Plant and Equipment Other than Oil and Natural Gas Properties

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation is provided for our assets over the estimated depreciable lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $3,458,000, $3,569,000, and $4,275,000 respectively. We depreciate our operational assets over their depreciable lives to their salvage value, which is a fair value higher than the assets’ value as scrap. Salvage value approximates 15% of an operational asset’s acquisition cost. When an operational asset is stacked or taken out of service, we review its physical condition, depreciable life and ultimate salvage value to determine if the asset is no longer operable and whether the remaining depreciable life and salvage value should be adjusted. When we scrap an asset, we accelerate the depreciation of the asset down to its salvage value. When we dispose of an asset, a gain or loss is recognized.

As of December 31, 2017, the estimated useful lives of our asset classes are as follows:

Description	Years
Production services rigs and components		15
Oilfield trucks, vehicles and related equipment		5 - 10
Production services auxiliary equipment		7 - 15
Furniture and equipment		3 - 7

A long-lived asset or asset group should be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. For purposes of testing for impairment, we group our long-lived assets along our lines of business based on the services provided, which is the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We record an impairment charge, reducing the net carrying value to an estimated fair value, if the asset group’s estimated future cash flows were less than its net carrying value. Events or changes in circumstance that cause us to evaluate our fixed assets for recoverability and possible impairment may include changes in market conditions, such as adverse movements in the prices of oil and natural gas, or changes of an asset group, such as its expected future life, intended use or physical condition, which could reduce the fair value of certain of our property and equipment. The development of future cash flows and the determination of fair value for an asset group involves significant judgment and estimates. During the year ended December 31, 2015 we recorded an impairment of $10,566,000 in relation to our production services segment equipment. We had no such impairment loss in 2017 or 2016.

Asset Retirement Obligation [Policy Text Block]

Asset Retirement Obligation

ASC 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations (ASC 410) requires that the fair value of an asset retirement cost, and corresponding liability, should be recorded as part of the cost of the related long-lived asset and subsequently allocated to expense using a systematic and rational method. The Company records asset retirement obligations to reflect the Company’s legal obligations related to future plugging and abandonment of its oil and natural gas wells and gas gathering systems. The Company estimates the expected cash flow associated with the obligation and discounts the amounts using a credit-adjusted, risk-free interest rate. At least annually, the Company reassesses the obligation to determine whether a change in the estimated obligation is necessary. The Company evaluates whether there are indicators that suggest the estimated cash flows underlying the obligation have materially changed. Should those indicators suggest the estimated obligation may have materially changed on an interim basis (quarterly), the Company will accordingly update its assessment. Additional retirement obligations increase the liability associated with new oil and natural gas wells as these obligations are incurred. See Note 12 “Asset Retirement Obligations.

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, we operate a substantial portion of our domestic oil and natural gas properties. As the operator of a property, the Company makes full payment of the costs associated with each property and seeks reimbursement from the other working interest owners in the property for their share of those costs. Isramco’s joint interest partners consist primarily of independent oil and natural gas producers. If the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry in general were adversely affected, the ability of the Company’s joint interest partners to reimburse the Company could be adversely affected.

The purchasers of the Company’s oil and natural gas production consist primarily of independent marketers, major oil and natural gas companies and gas pipeline companies. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, no purchaser, marketer, or major oil and gas or pipeline company accounted for 10% or more of Isramco’s consolidated revenues. The Company has not experienced any significant losses from uncollectible accounts as to its sales of oil and gas production. The Company does not believe the loss of any one of its purchasers would materially affect the Company’s ability to sell the oil and natural gas it produces. The Company believes other purchasers are available in the Company’s areas of operations.

The Company’s overriding royalty interest in the Tamar field is paid monthly by Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership, a related party. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, income from this source accounted for 44%, 50%, and 34%, respectively of the Company’s consolidated revenues. If Isramco Negev 2 Limited Partnership were to stop receiving revenue from its working interest in the Tamar Field, we would not receive revenue from our overriding royalty interest. Loss of payments from this source would have significant financial consequences on the Company.

Our production service subsidiary customers include major oil and natural gas production companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies. We perform credit evaluations of our customers and usually do not require collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses when necessary. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, no one individual customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues. The Company believes the loss of one or more customers of our production service subsidiary would not have a significant effect on this Segment because the Company believes that it can employ its rigs with other existing customers or new customers to the extent it has in the past in such circumstances.

Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from the sale of oil and natural gas are recognized when the products are sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, delivery has occurred and title has transferred, and collectability of the revenue is reasonably assured. The Company follows the sales method of accounting for recording oil and gas revenues. Under this method, the company records revenue based on the actual sale of volumes to purchasers.

Revenues from our production services activities are recognized when all of the following criteria have been met: (i) evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the price to the customer is fixed and determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

• Evidence of an arrangement exists when a final understanding between us and our customer has occurred, and can be evidenced by a completed customer purchase order, field ticket, supplier contract, or master service agreement.

• Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered when we have completed requirements pursuant to the terms of the arrangement as evidenced by a field ticket.

• The price to the customer is fixed and determinable when the amount that is required to be paid is agreed upon. Evidence of the price being fixed and determinable is evidenced by contractual terms, our price book, a completed customer purchase order, or a field ticket.

• Collectability is reasonably assured when we screen our customers and provide goods and services to customers according to determined credit terms that have been granted based on credit evaluation and assessment.

We present our revenues net of any sales taxes collected by us from our customers that are required to be remitted to local or state governmental taxing authorities.

Derivatives, Methods of Accounting, Hedging Derivatives [Policy Text Block]

Price Risk Management Activities

The Company follows ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. From time to time, the Company may hedge a portion of its forecasted oil and natural gas production. Derivative contracts entered into by the Company consist of transactions in which the Company hedges the variability of cash flow related to a forecasted transaction. The Company elected to not designate any of its positions for hedge accounting. Accordingly, the Company records the net change in the mark-to-market valuation of these positions, as well as payments and receipts on settled contracts, in “Net gain (loss) on derivative contracts” on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

As of the date of this report there are no open hedge positions related to commodity prices.

Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs are amortized over the life of the underlying credit agreement or the expected remaining life of the underlying credit agreement.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes and Impact of Tax Reform Legislation

We account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method and provide deferred taxes for all significant temporary differences. Management determines our current tax liability as well as taxes incurred as a result of current operations, but which are deferred until future periods. Current taxes payable represent our liability related to our income tax returns for the current year, while net deferred tax expense or benefit represents the change in the balance of deferred tax assets and liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets. Management estimates the changes in both deferred tax assets and liabilities using the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and for enacted rates that management estimates will be in effect when the differences reverse. Further, management makes certain assumptions about the timing of temporary tax differences for the differing treatments of certain items for tax and accounting purposes or whether such differences are permanent. The final determination of our tax liability involves the interpretation of local tax laws, tax treaties, and related authorities in each jurisdiction as well as the significant use of estimates and assumptions regarding the scope of future operations and results achieved and the timing and nature of income earned and expenditures incurred.

We establish valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets if we determine that it is more likely than not (e.g., a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. To assess the likelihood, we use estimates and judgment regarding our future taxable income, as well as the jurisdiction in which this taxable income is generated, to determine whether a valuation allowance is required. Such evidence can include our current financial position, our results of operations, both actual and forecasted results, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning strategies as well as the current and forecasted business economics of our industry. Additionally, we record uncertain tax positions at their net recognizable amount, based on the amount that management deems is more likely than not to be sustained upon ultimate settlement with the tax authorities in the domestic and international tax jurisdictions in which we operate.

On December 22, 2017, the US Congress enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Reform Legislation), which made significant changes to US federal income tax law affecting us. See “Note 5 Income Taxes” for further discussion of accounting for income taxes, changes in our valuation allowance, components of our tax rate reconciliation and realization of loss carryforwards.

Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Legal Contingencies

When estimating our liabilities related to litigation, we take into account all available facts and circumstances in order to determine whether a loss is probable and reasonably estimable.

Various suits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business are pending against us. We conduct business throughout the continental United States and offshore Israel and may be subject to jury verdicts or arbitrations that result in outcomes in favor of the plaintiffs. We continually assess our contingent liabilities, including potential litigation liabilities, as well as the adequacy of our accruals and our need for the disclosure of these items. We establish a provision for a contingent liability when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings per Share

The Company’s basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts have been computed based on the average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period and include the effect of any participating securities as appropriate. Diluted EPS includes the effect of the Company’s outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance-based stock awards if the inclusion of these items is dilutive.

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, & 2015, Isramco did not have any outstanding stock options, restrictive stock awards, restricted stock units, or performance-based awards.

Consolidation, Subsidiaries or Other Investments, Consolidated Entities, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent third-party ownership in the net assets of the Company’s consolidated subsidiary and are presented as a component of equity.

Environmental Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Environmental

The Company accrues for losses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Accruals for estimated losses from environmental remediation obligations are recognized no later than the time of the completion of the remediation feasibility study or remediation plan. These accruals are adjusted as additional information becomes available or as circumstances change. Costs of future expenditures for environmental remediation obligations are not discounted to their present value.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance regarding the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. In April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016, the FASB issued additional guidance, addressed implementation issues and provided technical corrections. The guidance may be applied retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach to adjust retained earnings (deficit). The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Isramco adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 using the full retrospective approach. Isramco has concluded that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance regarding the accounting for leases. The guidance requires recognition of most leases on the balance sheet. The guidance requires lessees and lessors to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Isramco will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019. Isramco has conclude that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

As of December 31, 2017, the estimated useful lives of our asset classes are as follows:

Description	Years
Production services rigs and components		15
Oilfield trucks, vehicles and related equipment		5 - 10
Production services auxiliary equipment		7 - 15
Furniture and equipment		3 - 7

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3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table Text Block]

Financial Instruments as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands):

		December 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
Financial Instrument	Fair Value Input Level	Carrying			Fair			Carrying			Fair
		Value			Value			Value			Value
ST Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	Level 2	$	(457	)	$	(457	)	$	(916	)	$	(916	)
LT (Liabilities)/Assets:
Interest rate swaps	Level 2		187			187			(100	)		(100	)
		$	(270	)	$	(270	)	$	(1,016	)	$	(1,016	)

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4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]

Long-term debt as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2017			As of December 31, 2016
Bank loan
Principal amount	$	98,400		$	108,000
Less: unamortized discount and debt costs		(2,959	)		(3,748	)
Total long-term debt		95,441			104,252
Less: current maturities and current discount amortization		(18,072	)		(8,811	)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	77,369		$	95,441

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt [Table Text Block]

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2017 are due in future years as follows (in thousands):

2018	$	18,900
2019		21,900
2020		17,100
2021		14,700
2022		14,400
2023		11,400
Total	$	98,400

Interest Income and Interest Expense Disclosure [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes the amounts included in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

		Years Ended December 31,
		2017		2016		2015
	(In thousands)
Current debt, long-term debt and other - banks		$	4,784	$	4,817	$	2,432
Long-term debt – related parties			-		-		2,878
		$	4,784	$	4,817	$	5,310

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5. Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the Federal Income Tax Rate to pre-tax income from continuing operations due to the following items:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
	(In thousands)
Expected tax (benefit) expense	$	6,934	$	2,889	$	(10,584	)
US and Foreign Statutory Rate Change (1)		9,234		-		-
Alternative minimum tax conversion		57		-		-
Change in Valuation Allowance		28,677		-		-
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary		531		650		1,287
Other		204		95		46
Total tax expense (benefit)	$	45,637	$	3,634	$	(9,251	)

(1)See Recent Changes in US Tax Law, above. Rate will decrease to 21.0% for fiscal year 2018  

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

The principal components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of December 31 were as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	511		$	803
Unrealized Hedging Transactions		57			356
Foreign tax credit (1)		23,743			24,189
Book-tax differences in property basis		3,757			3,848
Other		2			60
Net operating loss carry-forwards		607			9,479
Less valuation allowance		(28,677	)		-
Deferred noncurrent tax assets	$	-		$	38,735

 (1) Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses from Tamar Field in 2017 were $28,781,000. The Company paid $6,907,000 in foreign income taxes. As a result a foreign tax credit has been created in the US to be used against future US income tax. The credit will expire in various amounts beginning in 2024 and ending in 2027. Due to Recent Changes in US Tax Law a full valuation allowance has been recorded based on our interpretations of US Tax Law and expectation of future usage of foreign tax credit.

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block]

Components of income (loss) from operations before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Domestic	$	(8,970	)	$	(18,939	)	$	(55,390	)
Foreign		28,781			27,462			25,151
Total	$	19,811		$	8,523		$	(30,239	)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]

The principal components of the Company’s Income Tax Provision for the years indicated below were as follows (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Current income tax:
Federal	$	(57	)	$	-		$	-
Foreign		6,907			6,866			6,665
State		-			-			69
Total current income tax	$	6,850		$	6,866		$	6,734
Deferred income tax
Federal	$	38,787		$	(3,232	)	$	(15,985	)
Foreign		-			-			-
State		-			-			-
Total deferred income tax	$	38,787		$	(3,232	)	$	(15,985	)
Provision for income tax	$	45,637		$	3,634		$	(9,251	)

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6. Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

The following table sets forth the computation of Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data):

	2017			2016		2015
Numerator for Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share -
Net Income (loss)	$	(24,310	)	$	6,745	$	(17,310	)
Denominator for Basic Earnings per Share -
Weighted Average Shares		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Potential Dilutive Common Shares -		-			-		-
Adjusted Weighted Average Shares		2,717,648			2,717,648		2,717,648
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders – Basic	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48	$	(6.37	)
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders – Diluted	$	(8.95	)	$	2.48	$	(6.37	)

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10. Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production			Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2017:
Sales revenues
United States	$	15,109		$	18,265		$	-		$	33,374
Israel		28,781			-			-			28,781
Office services and other		3,912			-			(120	)		3,792
Total revenues and other		47,802			18,265			(120	)		65,947
Operating costs and expenses		15,079			19,154			(120	)		34,113
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		2,454			3,072			-			5,526
Impairment		1,682			-			-			1,682
Interest expenses, net and other		993			3,791			-			4,784
Loss on derivative contracts		176			-			-			176
Other income, net		(33	)		(112	)					(145	)
Total expenses and other		20,351			25,905			(120	)		46,136
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	27,451		$	(7,640	)	$	-		$	19,811
Net loss		(20,329	)		(5,497	)		-			(25,826	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-			(1,516	)		-			(1,516	)
Net loss attributable to Isramco		(20,329	)		(3,981	)		-			(24,310	)
Total Assets	$	67,374		$	41,423		$	-		$	108,797
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	727		$	3,457		$	-		$	4,184

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production		Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2016:
Sales revenues
United States	$	12,947	$	12,752		$	-		$	25,699
Israel		27,462		-			-			27,462
Office services and other		1,901		-			(120	)		1,781
Total revenues and other		42,310		12,752			(120	)		54,942
Operating costs and expenses		14,304		15,495			(120	)		29,679
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		3,474		3,193			-			6,667
Impairment		4,529		-			-			4,529
Interest expenses, net and other		1,509		3,308			-			4,817
Loss on derivative contracts		657		-			-			657
Other expense, net		34		36						70
Total expenses and other		24,507		22,032			(120	)		46,419
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	17,803	$	(9,280	)	$	-		$	8,523
Net income (loss)		11,571		(6,682	)		-			4,889
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		(1,856	)		-			(1,856	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		11,571		(4,826	)		-			6,745
Total Assets	$	103,956	$	37,316		$	-		$	141,272
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	233	$	908		$	-		$	1,141

thousands	Oil and Gas Exploration & Production			Production services			Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2015:
Sales revenues
United States	$	17,047		$	22,465		$	-		$	39,512
Israel		25,151			-			-			25,151
Office services and other		9,966			-			(120	)		9,846
Total revenues and other		52,164			22,465			(120	)		74,509
Operating costs and expenses		20,581			23,256			(120	)		43,717
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization		6,091			3,853			-			9,944
Impairment		33,138			10,566			-			43,704
Interest expenses, net and other		2,156			3,154			-			5,310
Loss on derivative contracts		1,988			-			-			1,988
Other expense, net		59			26						85
Total expenses and other		64,013			40,855			(120	)		104,748
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(11,849	)	$	(18,390	)	$	-		$	(30,239	)
Net income (loss)		(7,747	)		(13,241	)		-			(20,988	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		-			(3,678	)		-			(3,678	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		(7,747	)		(9,563	)		-			(17,310	)
Total Assets	$	104,067		$	42,890		$	-		$	146,957
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets	$	2,929		$	2,310		$	-		$	5,239

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12. Asset Retirement Obligation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Change in Asset Retirement Obligation [Table Text Block]

The following table presents the reconciliation of the beginning and ending aggregate carrying amount legal obligations associated with the retirement of oil and gas properties at December 31 (in thousands):

	2017			2016			2015
Liability for asset retirement obligation at  the beginning of the year	$	20,748		$	19,884		$	20,046
Liabilities Incurred		28			1			17
Liabilities settled and divested		(19	)		(34	)		(1,035	)
Accretion expense		913			897			856
Liability for asset retirement obligation at  the end of the year	$	21,670		$	20,748		$	19,884

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industries Disclosures [Abstract]

Capitalized Costs Relating to Oil and Gas Producing Activities Disclosure [Table Text Block]

CAPITALIZED COST OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES (IN THOUSANDS)

As of December 31	2017			2016
	United States			United States
Unproved properties not being amortized	$	-		$	-
Proved property being amortized		243,812			244,158
Accumulated depreciation, depletion amortization and impairment		(224,105	)		(221,257	)
Net capitalized costs	$	19,707		$	22,901

Cost Incurred in Oil and Gas Property Acquisition, Exploration, and Development Activities Disclosure [Table Text Block]

COSTS INCURRED IN OIL AND GAS PROPERTY ACQUISITION, EXPLORATION, AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES (IN THOUSANDS)

As of December 31	2017		2016		2015
Property acquisition costs—proved and unproved properties	$	-	$	-	$	-
Exploration costs	$	-	$	-	$	-
Development costs	$	-	$	-	$	1,230

Schedule of Proved Developed and Undeveloped Oil and Gas Reserve Quantities [Table Text Block]

The following table illustrates the Company’s estimated net proved reserves, including changes, and proved developed reserves for the periods indicated, as estimated by our independent reserve engineering firms, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. and Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.

	Oil Bbls								Gas Mcf
	United States			Israel		Total			United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2014		2,998,805			-		2,998,805			20,047,575			193,118,896			213,166,471
Revisions of previous estimates		(836,981	)		-		(836,981	)		(5,889,831	)		(410,862	)		(6,300,693	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		8,014			-		8,014			23,489			-			23,489
Acquisition of minerals in place					-					-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		(29,344	)		-		(29,344	)		(51,896	)		-			(51,896	)
Production		(256,774	)		-		(256,774	)		(1,640,485	)		(4,505,000	)		(6,145,485	)
December 31, 2015		1,883,720			-		1,883,720			12,488,852			188,203,034			200,691,886
Revisions of previous estimates		(70,134	)		-		(70,134	)		(1,298,250	)		369,348			(928,902	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		11,189			-		11,189			25,057			-			25,057
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Production		(215,256	)		-		(215,256	)		(1,417,252	)		(5,101,795	)		(6,519,047	)
December 31, 2016		1,609,519			-		1,609,519			9,798,407			183,470,587			193,268,994
Revisions of previous estimates		344,048			-		344,048			1,585,008			28,246,503			29,831,511
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		7,155			-		7,155			12,853			-			12,853
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-		-			-			-			-
Production		(195,850	)		-		(195,850	)		(1,319,660	)		(5,342,855	)		(6,662,515	)
December 31, 2017		1,764,872			-		1,764,872			10,076,608			206,374,235			216,450,843
Proved Developed Reserves
December 31, 2017		1,764,872			-		1,764,872			10,076,608			174,252,235			184,328,843
December 31, 2016		1,609,519			-		1,609,519			9,798,407			138,511,587			148,309,994
December 31, 2015		1,883,720			-		1,883,720			12,488,852			167,303,034			179,791,886
Proved Undeveloped Reserves
December 31, 2017		-			-		-			-			32,122,000			32,122,000
December 31, 2016		-			-		-			-			44,959,000			44,959,000
December 31, 2015		-			-		-			-			20,900,000			20,900,000

	NGL Bbls									Total BOE
	United States			Israel			Total			United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2014		1,410,957			251,055			1,662,012			7,751,025			32,437,538			40,188,563
Revisions of previous estimates		(680,340	)		(395	)		(680,735	)		(2,498,961	)		(68,873	)		(2,567,834	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		4,889			-			4,889			16,818			-			16,818
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			(37,993	)		-			(37,993	)
Production		(92,733	)		(6,074	)		(98,807	)		(622,921	)		(756,907	)		(1,379,828	)
December 31, 2015		642,773			244,586			887,359			4,607,968			31,611,758			36,219,726
Revisions of previous estimates		(42,316	)		(1,944	)		(44,260	)		(328,824	)		59,614			(269,210	)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		1,334			-			1,334			16,699			-			16,699
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Production		(76,964	)		(6,882	)		(83,846	)		(528,429	)		(857,181	)		(1,385,610	)
December 31, 2016		524,827			235,760			760,587			3,767,414			30,814,191			34,581,605
Revisions of previous estimates		85,934			39,518			125,452			694,150			4,747,269			5,441,419
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions		1,094			-			1,094			10,391			-			10,391
Acquisition of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-			-			-			-
Production		(67,339	)		(6,991	)		(74,330	)		(483,132	)		(897,467	)		(1,380,599	)
December 31, 2017		544,516			268,287			812,803			3,988,823			34,663,993			38,652,816
Proved Developed Reserves
December 31, 2017		544,516			226,287			770,803			3,988,823			29,268,326			33,257,149
December 31, 2016		524,827			177,760			702,587			3,767,414			23,263,024			27,030,438
December 31, 2015		642,773			244,586			887,359			4,607,968			28,128,425			32,736,393
Proved Undeveloped  Reserves
December 31, 2017		-			42,000			42,000			-			5,395,667			5,395,667
December 31, 2016		-			58,000			58,000			-			7,551,167			7,551,167
December 31, 2015		-			-			-			-			3,483,333			3,483,333

(1) Gas reserves are converted to BOE at the rate of six Mcf per Bbl of oil, based upon the approximate relative energy content of gas and oil. This rate is not necessarily indicative of the relationship of natural gas and oil prices. Natural gas liquids reserves are converted to BOE on a one-to-one basis with oil.

Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities Disclosure [Table Text Block]

Results of operations from producing activities were as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

thousands	United States		Israel		Total
December 31, 2017
Revenues	$	15,109	$	28,781	$	43,890
Production costs		9,504		-		9,504
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		3,367		-		3,367
Income tax expense (benefit)		783		10,073		10,856
Results of operations from producing activities	$	1,455	$	18,708	$	20,163

thousands	United States		Israel		Total
December 31, 2016
Revenues	$	12,947	$	27,462	$	40,409
Production costs		8,922		-		8,922
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		3,995		-		3,995
Income tax expense (benefit)		10		9,612		9,622
Results of operations from producing activities	$	20	$	17,850	$	17,870

thousands	United States			Israel		Total
December 31, 2015
Revenues	$	17,047		$	25,151	$	42,198
Production costs		14,919			-		14,919
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion		6,923			-		6,923
Income tax expense (benefit)		(1,678	)		8,803		7,125
Results of operations from producing activities	$	(3,117	)	$	16,348	$	13,231

Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Cash Flows Relating to Proved Reserves Disclosure [Table Text Block]

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2017
Future cash inflows	$	125,464		$	1,116,867		$	1,242,331
Future development costs		(574	)		-			(574	)
Future production costs		(67,245	)		(432,610	)		(499,855	)
Future income tax expenses		(2,984	)		(157,379	)		(160,363	)
Future net cash flows		54,661			526,878			581,539
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(25,899	)		(271,433	)		(297,332	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	28,762		$	255,445		$	284,207

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2016
Future cash inflows	$	93,228		$	976,106		$	1,069,334
Future development costs		(670	)		-			(670	)
Future production costs		(55,554	)		(354,305	)		(409,859	)
Future income tax expenses		-			(186,783	)		(186,783	)
Future net cash flows		37,004			435,018			472,022
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(16,042	)		(202,707	)		(218,749	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273

	United States			Israel			Total
December 31, 2015
Future cash inflows	$	128,449		$	1,052,572		$	1,181,021
Future development costs		(673	)		-			(673	)
Future production costs		(78,345	)		(361,608	)		(439,953	)
Future income tax expenses		-			(210,326	)		(210,326	)
Future net cash flows		49,431			480,638			530,069
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows		(20,634	)		(231,752	)		(252,386	)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683

(1) The government of Israel imposes a tax or charge upon oil and gas revenues, including revenues from oil and gas produced from the Tamar well. Currently, such oil and gas revenues would be subject to a sliding scale of taxation, beginning with the imposition of a 20% charge on oil and gas revenues at such time as total revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended and increasing in steps to a 46.8% charge imposed at such time as revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended. The current tax law provides some relief for oil and gas revenues received from reservoirs developed before January 2014 by delaying the imposition of the charges; i.e. the 20% charge would become effective at such time as total revenues received equal 2 times the costs expended and the maximum 46.8% charge would not become effective until revenues received equaled 2.8 times costs expended. Isramco’s overriding royalty would be subject to the above taxation at such time, and at the same rates, as the revenues attributable to the operating interest. The imposed Israeli tax is included in calculation of future gas revenues from Tamar Field.

Schedule of Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows [Table Text Block]

The following is a summary of the changes in the Standardized Measure of discounted future net cash flows for the Company’s proved oil and natural gas reserves during each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2017

Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows
Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
	United States			Israel			Total
2017
Balance at January 1	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(5,630	)		(28,781	)		(34,411	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		8,193			(6,683	)		1,510
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		266			-			266
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates (2)		5,764			47,645			53,409
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-
Accretion of discount		1,920			30,088			32,008
Net change in income taxes (3)		(1,570	)		(3,828	)		(5,398	)
Change in production rates and other		(1,143	)		(15,307	)		(16,450	)
Balance at December 31	$	28,762		$	255,445		$	284,207

2016
Balance at January 1	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(4,022	)		(27,462	)		(31,484	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		(2,585	)		(26,275	)		(28,860	)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		379			-			379
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates		(1,339	)		612			(727	)
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		-			-			-
Accretion of discount		2,613			33,347			35,960
Net change in income taxes		-			716			716
Change in production rates and other		(2,881	)		2,487			(394	)
Balance at December 31	$	20,962		$	232,311		$	253,273

2015
Balance at January 1	$	90,540		$	267,765		$	358,305
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(2,219	)		(25,151	)		(27,370	)
Net changes in prices and production costs (1)		(62,407	)		(27,548	)		(89,955	)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs		-			-			-
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs		37			-			37
Development costs incurred during the period		-			-			-
Revisions of previous quantity estimates		(14,175	)		(745	)		(14,920	)
Purchases of minerals in place		-			-			-
Sales of minerals in place		(465	)		-			(465	)
Accretion of discount		9,775			36,064			45,839
Net change in income taxes		17,165			9,100			26,265
Change in production rates and other		(9,454	)		(10,599	)		(20,053	)
Balance at December 31	$	28,797		$	248,886		$	277,683

(1) The increase in United States in 2017 and the decrease in Israel in 2017 and decrease in both in 2016 and 2015 were driven primarily by higher and lower, respectively, 12-month average commodity prices. For Israel the commodity prices for the last 12 month are based on actual sales from contractual agreements rather than a market index.

(2) Revisions of previous quantity estimates in the United States in 2017 related to increased economics of the properties with better pricing. For Israel this change in 2017 relates to increased production estimates upon completion of an additional well.

(3) The decrease in United States and Israel future tax 2017 is related to the decrease in applicable tax rate from 35% to 21% due to the changes in the United States Tax Law effective January 1, 2018 partially offset by projected inability to utilize net operating losses.

Quarterly Financial Information [Table Text Block]

Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information

Quarter Ended	March 31			June 30			September 30			December 31
2017
Total revenues and other	$	14,800		$	18,379		$	16,574		$	16,194
Net income before taxes		4,427			6,748			5,052			3,584
Net income (loss)		2,721			4,252			3,180			(35,979	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(447	)		(384	)		(296	)		(389	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		3,168			4,636			3,476			(35,590	)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	1.17		$	1.71		$	1.28		$	(13.11	)
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	1.17		$	1.71		$	1.28		$	(13.11	)
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

2016
Total revenues and other	$	12,693		$	13,870		$	14,422		$	13,957
Net income before taxes		345			3,259			4,809			110
Net income (loss)		69			1,947			2,994			(121	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(442	)		(485	)		(379	)		(550	)
Net income attributable to Isramco		511			2,432			3,373			429
Earnings per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	0.19		$	0.89		$	1.24		$	0.16
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	0.19		$	0.89		$	1.24		$	0.16
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

2015
Total revenues and other	$	16,638		$	19,211		$	23,828		$	14,832
Net income (loss) before taxes		2,599			1,651			(15,827	)		(18,662	)
Net income (loss)		1,625			951			(10,448	)		(13,116	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(181	)		(353	)		(459	)		(2,685	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco		1,806			1,304			(9,989	)		(10,431	)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	0.66		$	0.48		$	(3.68	)	$	(3.84	)
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	0.66		$	0.48		$	(3.68	)	$	(3.84	)
Average number common shares outstanding - basic		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted		2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648			2,717,648

XML

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Impairment of Oil and Gas Properties		$ 1,682,000	$ 4,529,000	$ 33,138,000
Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Oil and Gas Property		2,703,000	600,000	8,378,000
Proceeds from Sale of Oil and Gas Property and Equipment		2,705,000	600,000	7,506,000
Asset Retirement Obligation, Liabilities Settled		19,000	34,000	1,035,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Write-offs		10,000
Capitalized Costs, Asset Retirement Costs		10,000		163,000
Capitalized Costs, Oil and Gas Producing Activities, Gross			0
Depreciation		$ 3,458,000	3,569,000	4,275,000
Property, Plant and Equipment, Salvage Value, Percentage		15.00%
Asset Impairment Charges		$ 0	$ 0	$ 10,566,000
Oil and Gas Properties [Member]
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Asset Retirement Obligation, Liabilities Settled		$ 18,000
Sales Revenue, Goods, Net [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Customer		no one individual customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues
Sales Revenue, Goods, Net [Member] | Tamar Field [Member]
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		44.00%	50.00%	34.00%
Subsequent Event [Member]
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Oil and Gas Property	$ 472,000
Proceeds from Sale of Oil and Gas Property and Equipment	454,000
Asset Retirement Obligation, Liabilities Settled	19,000
Capitalized Costs, Asset Retirement Costs	$ 1,000

XML

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Well Service Rigs and Components [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	15 years
Oilfield Trucks, Vehicles and Related Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	5 years
Oilfield Trucks, Vehicles and Related Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	10 years
Well Service Auxiliary Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	7 years
Well Service Auxiliary Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	15 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	3 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	7 years

XML

2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 18, 2015	Nov. 17, 2008	May 31, 1996	Dec. 31, 2017
2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Related Party Transaction, Description of Transaction		The Goodrich Agreement had an initial term through May 31, 2011, and automatically extended by its terms for an additional three-year period.
Tamar Royalties, LLC [Member] | Monthly Payments [Member]
2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction	$ 20,000
Consulting Agreement [Member] | Annual Installment [Member]
2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction			$ 240,000
Consulting Agreement [Member] | Monthly Installment [Member]
2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction			$ 20,000
Consulting Agreement [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member]
2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction				$ 360,000
Other Commitments, Description		The Goodrich Agreement contains certain customary confidentiality and non-compete provisions. The Company and Goodrich entered into a Consulting Agreement dated effective June 1, 2014 (the “2014 Consulting Agreement”), which replaced the Goodrich Agreement. However, the 2014 Consulting Agreement will continue the payment to Goodrich of $360,000 per annum in installments of $30,000 per month, in addition to reimbursing Goodrich for all reasonable business expenses, including automobile expenses, incurred by Mr. Tsuff in connection with services rendered on behalf of the Company, in exchange for management services performed by Mr. Tsuff as the Company’s Chairman, Co-Chief Executive Officer and President. The 2014 Consulting Agreement had an initial term through May 31, 2017, and was automatically extended by its terms for an additional three-years.
Consulting Agreement [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Annual Installment [Member]
2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction		$ 360,000
Consulting Agreement [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Monthly Installment [Member]
2. Transactions with Affiliates and Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction		$ 30,000

XML

3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 16, 2015	May 22, 2015
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) [Line Items]
Derivative, Amount of Hedged Item (in Dollars)	$ 119,250,000
Line of Credit [Member]
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity (in Dollars)		$ 120,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Fair Value of Amount Outstanding (in Dollars)	$ 120,000,000
Line of Credit [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) [Line Items]
Derivative, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		37.50%
Minimum [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of Debt Hedged by Interest Rate Derivatives		75.00%
Interest Rate Swap #1 [Member]
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of Debt Hedged by Interest Rate Derivatives	37.50%
Derivative, Notional Amount (in Dollars)	$ 45,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	4.63%
Interest Rate Swap #1 [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) [Line Items]
Derivative, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.75%
Interest Rate Swap #2 [Member]
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of Debt Hedged by Interest Rate Derivatives	62.50%
Derivative, Notional Amount (in Dollars)	$ 74,250,000
Outstanding Balance, Not Hedged (in Dollars)	$ 750,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate Paid for Cap	0.91%
Description of Interest Rate Derivative Activities	Bank will pay the Company the greater of (i) USD-LIBOR-BBA minus a cap strike of 1.5% and (ii) zero
Interest Rate Swap #2 [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) [Line Items]
Derivative, Variable Interest Rate	1.50%

XML

3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value (Details) - Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping - Interest Rate Swap [Member] - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps, Carrying Value	$ (270)	$ (1,016)
Interest rate swaps, Fair Value	(270)	(1,016)
Short [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps, Carrying Value	(457)	(916)
Interest rate swaps, Fair Value	(457)	(916)
Long [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps, Carrying Value	187	(100)
Interest rate swaps, Fair Value	$ 187	$ (100)

XML

4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($)																		1 Months Ended				2 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 02, 2018	Oct. 03, 2017	Jul. 03, 2017	Apr. 03, 2017	Jan. 03, 2017	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 27, 2015	May 18, 2015	Mar. 27, 2015	Mar. 01, 2013	Feb. 13, 2013	Apr. 29, 2012	Mar. 29, 2012	Mar. 03, 2011	Jul. 31, 2009	Feb. 01, 2009	Feb. 27, 2007	Jun. 30, 2013	Oct. 31, 2011	Sep. 30, 2011	Jun. 30, 2009	Mar. 31, 2008	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Aug. 18, 2016	Jul. 01, 2015
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs																							$ 0	$ 299,000	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Due to Related Parties																							(30,000)	27,000	(4,786,000)
Accounts Payable, Related Parties																							60,000	90,000
Short-term Debt																							336,000	445,000
Repayments of Short-term Debt																							911,000	1,341,000	1,810,000
Notes Payable to Banks [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount								$ 120,000,000
Debt Instrument, Collateral								secured by, among other things, an overriding royalty interest in the Tamar Field, a natural gas field in the Mediterranean Sea, equal to 1.5375% before payout / 2.7375% after payout in the Tamar Field (the “Royalty Interest”)
Proceeds from Bank Debt								$ 120,000,000
Debt Instrument, Term								8 years
Debt Instrument, Covenant Description								So long as any amounts remain outstanding to the Lenders under the DB Facility, Tamar Royalties must, from and after the end of the Availability Period (as defined in the DB Facility), have a Historical Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the DB Facility) of not less than 1.00:1.00, a Loan Life Coverage Ratio (as defined in the DB Facility) of at least 1.1:1.00, and maintain a Required Reserve Amount (as defined in the DB Facility). In addition, Tamar Royalties is required under the DB facility to hedge against fluctuations in LIBOR
Repayments of Debt		$ 3,432,000	$ 3,417,000	$ 3,389,000	$ 3,374,000
Debt Issuance Costs, Net																											$ 2,011,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount																											2,959,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs																											$ 4,970,000
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs																							789,000	820,000	$ 402,000
Notes Payable to Banks [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis								LIBOR for a three-month interest period
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate								2.75%
Notes Payable to Banks [Member] | Principal [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Debt		2,400,000
Notes Payable to Banks [Member] | Interest [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Debt		$ 1,032,000
Notes Payable to Banks [Member] | Principal [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Debt			2,400,000	2,400,000	2,400,000
Notes Payable to Banks [Member] | Interest [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Debt			$ 1,017,000	$ 989,000	$ 974,000
Secured Debt [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Issuance Costs, Net																								299,000
Debt Issuance Costs, Gross																								478,000
Isramco Onshore LLC [Member] | Secured Debt [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Term						4 years
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity						$ 150,000,000																				$ 0
Line of Credit Facility, Description						subject to an initial borrowing base of $40,000,000
Derivative, Description of Hedged Item						The SG Facility provided that Isramco Onshore hedge at least seventy-five percent (75%) of its crude oil production before borrowing under the SG Facility.
Line of Credit Facility, Covenant Terms						the SG Facility, including, among other things, the requirement that, during the term of the SG Facility, Isramco Onshore must have a Minimum Current Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of not less than 1.00:1.00, a Maximum Leverage Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of not less than 4.00:1.00 and a Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the SG Facility) of at least 2.50:1.00. In addition, the SG Facility provided for customary events of default, including, but not limited to, payment defaults, breach of representations or covenants, bankruptcy events and change of control.
Isramco Onshore LLC [Member] | Secured Debt [Member] | Minimum [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Commitment Fee Percentage						0.38%
Isramco Onshore LLC [Member] | Secured Debt [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Eurodollar [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate						1.75%
Isramco Onshore LLC [Member] | Secured Debt [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Reference Rate [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate						0.75%
Isramco Onshore LLC [Member] | Secured Debt [Member] | Maximum [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Commitment Fee Percentage						0.50%
Isramco Onshore LLC [Member] | Secured Debt [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Eurodollar [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate						2.75%
Isramco Onshore LLC [Member] | Secured Debt [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Reference Rate [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate						1.75%
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Loans Payable [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs																							(2,959,000)	(3,748,000)
Repayments of Related Party Debt							$ 101,022,000
Increase (Decrease) in Due to Related Parties							360,000
Due to Related Parties																							$ 0	$ 0
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Loans Payable [Member] | Principal [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Related Party Debt							93,395,000
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Loans Payable [Member] | Interest [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Related Party Debt							$ 7,267,000
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Loans Payable [Member] | Related Party Note 1 [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount									$ 12,000,000
Repayments of Related Party Debt									1,030,000
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Loans Payable [Member] | Related Party Note 1 [Member] | Principal [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Related Party Debt									855,000
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Loans Payable [Member] | Related Party Note 1 [Member] | Interest [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Related Party Debt									$ 175,000
Affiliated Entity [Member] | I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 1,500,000	$ 10,000,000	$ 3,500,000	$ 11,000,000	$ 6,000,000		$ 12,000,000
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate															6.00%
Debt Instrument, Term															5 years		5 years
Repayments of Related Party Debt																				$ 4,544,000
Debt Instrument, Payment Terms										the payment schedule was changed on the all of the loans and notes to require accrued interest only payments December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017 and final interest payment December 31, 2018 with outstanding principal paid in four equal installments with the first payment December 31, 2015 and a similar payment made December 31 in each of the following three years until the final payment on December 31, 2018	The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium.	The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium.	The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium.	The loan may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium.			payable in four equal annual installments, commencing on the second anniversary of the loan. Accrued interest is payable in equal annual installments. At any time Isramco can make prepayments without premium or penalty
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description																amended and restated to extend the payment deadlines arising on and after February 2009, by two years			The payoff of principal amount was extended by 6 month to September 9, 2013
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage														10.00%
Notes Payable, Related Parties																				$ 6,456,000
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date										Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 13, 2018	Apr. 30, 2013	Mar. 29, 2013
Debt Instrument, Description										On March 1, 2013, all of the above-mentioned Loan agreements and notes with IOC except for the $1,500,000 loan agreement entered on February 13, 2013, were amended.		The loan was funded by IOC in three monthly installments starting April 2012
Affiliated Entity [Member] | I.O.C. Israel Oil Company, Ltd. [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate											6.00%	5.50%	5.50%				6.00%		5.50%
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp. Ltd. [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount																	$ 11,500,000
Debt Instrument, Collateral																	To secure its obligations that may be incurred under the Loan Agreement, Jay Petroleum, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Isramco, agreed to guarantee the indebtedness
Debt Instrument, Term																	7 years
Debt Instrument, Payment Terms										The payment schedule was changed on the Naphtha loan and note to require interest only payments December 31, 2013, December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017 and the final interest payment December 31, 2018 with principal outstanding paid in four equal installments with the first payment December 31, 2015 and a similar payment made December 31 in each of the following three years until the final payment on December 31, 2018							Principal is due and payable in four equal installments, commencing on the fourth anniversary of the date of the loan. Interest is payable annually upon each anniversary date of this loan. At any time Isramco can make prepayments without premium or penalty. The loan is not secured. Interest is payable at the end of each loan year. Principal plus any accrued and unpaid interest are due and payable on February 27, 2014. Interest after the maturity date accrues at the per annum rate of LIBOR plus 12% until paid in full. At any time, Isramco is entitled to prepay the outstanding amount of the loan without penalty or prepayment.
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description																Effective February 1, 2009, the loan from Naphtha to the Company was amended and restated to extend all payment deadlines arising on and after February 2009, by two years
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date										Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Instrument, Debt Default, Description of Notice of Default																	Naphtha can accelerate the loan and exercise its rights under the collateral upon the occurrence any one or more of the following events of default: (i) Isramco’s failure to pay any amount that may become due in connection with the loan within five (5) days of the due date (whether by extension, renewal, acceleration, maturity or otherwise) or fail to make any payment due under any hedge agreement entered into in connection with the transaction, (ii) Isramco’s material breach of any of the representations or warranties made in the loan agreement or security instruments or any writing furnished pursuant thereto, (iii) Isramco’s failure to observe any undertaking contained in transaction documents if such failure continues for 30 calendar days after notice, (iv) Isramco’s insolvency or liquidation or a bankruptcy event or (v) Isramco’s criminal indictment or conviction under any law pursuant to which such indictment or conviction can lead to a forfeiture by Isramco of any of the properties securing the loan.
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp. Ltd. [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																	6.00%
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Jerusalem Oil Exploration Ltd [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount										$ 48,900,000
Debt Instrument, Term																						4 months
Debt Instrument, Payment Terms																		The payment schedule of the loan agreement and note was amended to require principal and accrued interest to be paid in three (3) installments in the amounts reflected in Promissory Note due on June 30th of each year commencing June 30, 2015			Principal and interest are due and payable in four equal annual installments, commencing on June 30, 2013. At any time, we can make prepayments without premium or penalty
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description																					Pursuant to a loan agreement signed in June 2009, the maturity date of this loan was extended for an additional period of seven years
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date																		Jun. 30, 2017
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Jerusalem Oil Exploration Ltd [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate																					6.00%	1.25%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Notes Payable to Banks [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Debt	$ 3,427,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Notes Payable to Banks [Member] | Principal [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Debt	2,400,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Notes Payable to Banks [Member] | Interest [Member]
4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Repayments of Debt	$ 1,027,000

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4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) - Schedule of Long-term Debt - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jul. 01, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	$ 98,400
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	77,369	$ 95,441
Loans Payable [Member] | Affiliated Entity [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	98,400	108,000
Less: unamortized discount and debt costs	(2,959)	(3,748)
Total long-term debt	95,441	104,252
Less: current maturities and current discount amortization	(18,072)	(8,811)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$ 77,369	$ 95,441
Notes Payable to Banks [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: unamortized discount and debt costs			$ 4,970

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4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) - Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt [Abstract]
2018	$ 18,900
2019	21,900
2020	17,100
2021	14,700
2022	14,400
2023	11,400
Total	$ 98,400

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4. Long-Term Debt and Interest Expense (Details) - Schedule of Interest Expense - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of Interest Expense [Abstract]
Current debt, long-term debt and other - banks	$ 4,784	$ 4,817	$ 2,432
Long-term debt – related parties	0	0	2,878
	$ 4,784	$ 4,817	$ 5,310

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5. Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)				3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 21, 2016	Dec. 20, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
5. Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent																35.00%
Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance				$ 0												$ 0
Revenues				16,194,000	$ 16,574,000	$ 18,379,000	$ 14,800,000	$ 13,957,000	$ 14,422,000	$ 13,870,000	$ 12,693,000	$ 14,832,000	$ 23,828,000	$ 19,211,000	$ 16,638,000	$ 65,947,000	$ 54,942,000	$ 74,509,000
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Limitations on Use																Company has U.S. tax loss carry forwards of approximately $2,895,166 which will expire in various amounts beginning in 2028 and ending in 2036.  Utilization of such loss carry forwards could be limited to the extent Isramco has an ownership change that triggers the limitation under Section 382 of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
Operating Loss Carryforwards				$ 2,895,166												$ 2,895,166
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
5. Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items]
Payments for Foreign Income Tax																6,907,000
Foreign Tax Authority [Member] | Israel [Member]
5. Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent		24.00%	25.00%
Tamar Field [Member]
5. Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items]
Revenues																$ 28,781,000
Subsequent Event [Member]
5. Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	21.00%
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations, Adjustment of Deferred Tax (Asset) Liability	$ 9,200,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Foreign Tax Authority [Member] | Israel [Member]
5. Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	23.00%

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5. Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Abstract]
Expected tax (benefit) expense	$ 6,934		$ 2,889	$ (10,584)
US and Foreign Statutory Rate Change	9,234	[1]	0	0
Alternative minimum tax conversion	57		0	0
Change in Valuation Allowance	28,677		0	0
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary	531		650	1,287
Other	204		95	46
Total tax expense (benefit)	$ 45,637		$ 3,634	$ (9,251)

[1] See Recent Changes in US Tax Law, above. Rate will decrease to 21.0% for fiscal year 2018

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5. Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts		$ 511	$ 803
Unrealized Hedging Transactions		57	356
Foreign tax credit	[1]	23,743	24,189
Book-tax differences in property basis		3,757	3,848
Other		2	60
Net operating loss carry-forwards		607	9,479
Less valuation allowance		(28,677)	0
Deferred noncurrent tax assets		$ 0	$ 38,735

[1] Total revenues net of marketing and transportation expenses from Tamar Field in 2017 were $28,781,000. The Company paid $6,907,000 in foreign income taxes. As a result a foreign tax credit has been created in the US to be used against future US income tax. The credit will expire in various amounts beginning in 2024 and ending in 2027. Due to Recent Changes in US Tax Law a full valuation allowance has been recorded based on our interpretations of US Tax Law and expectation of future usage of foreign tax credit.

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5. Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Abstract]
Domestic													$ (8,970)	$ (18,939)	$ (55,390)
Foreign													28,781	27,462	25,151
Total	$ 3,584	$ 5,052	$ 6,748	$ 4,427	$ 110	$ 4,809	$ 3,259	$ 345	$ (18,662)	$ (15,827)	$ 1,651	$ 2,599	$ 19,811	$ 8,523	$ (30,239)

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5. Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current income tax:
Federal	$ (57)	$ 0	$ 0
Foreign	6,907	6,866	6,665
State	0	0	69
Total current income tax	6,850	6,866	6,734
Deferred income tax
Federal	38,787	(3,232)	(15,985)
Foreign	0	0	0
State	0	0	0
Total deferred income tax	38,787	(3,232)	(15,985)
Provision for income tax	$ 45,637	$ 3,634	$ (9,251)

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6. Earnings Per Share (Details) - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Numerator for Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share -
Net Income (loss) (in Dollars)	$ (35,590)	$ 3,476	$ 4,636	$ 3,168	$ 429	$ 3,373	$ 2,432	$ 511	$ (10,431)	$ (9,989)	$ 1,304	$ 1,806	$ (24,310)	$ 6,745	$ (17,310)
Denominator for Basic Earnings per Share -
Weighted Average Shares	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648
Potential Dilutive Common Shares -													0	0	0
Adjusted Weighted Average Shares	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders – Basic (in Dollars per share)	$ (13.11)	$ 1.28	$ 1.71	$ 1.17	$ 0.16	$ 1.24	$ 0.89	$ 0.19	$ (3.84)	$ (3.68)	$ 0.48	$ 0.66	$ (8.95)	$ 2.48	$ (6.37)
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders – Diluted (in Dollars per share)	$ (13.11)	$ 1.28	$ 1.71	$ 1.17	$ 0.16	$ 1.24	$ 0.89	$ 0.19	$ (3.84)	$ (3.68)	$ 0.48	$ 0.66	$ (8.95)	$ 2.48	$ (6.37)

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7. Stock Options (Details) - 2011 Stock Incentive Plan [Member] - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2011
7. Stock Options (Details) [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized				200,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	0	0	0
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance	200,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number	0

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8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) [Line Items]
Income Taxes Paid	$ 6,907,000	$ 6,866,000	$ 6,665,000
Interest Paid	4,012,000	3,859,000	8,451,000
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross, Period Increase (Decrease)	33,000	457,000	17,000
Increase (Decrease) in Other Current Assets	485,000
Asset Retirement Obligation, Liabilities Settled	19,000	34,000	1,035,000
Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Insurance	835,000	(487,000)
Asset Retirement Obligation, Liabilities Incurred	$ 28,000	1,000	17,000
Notes Issued		742,000
Property, Plant and Equipment, Additions		$ 75,000
Debt Discount, Period Increase (Decrease)			235,000
Oil and Gas Property Removed from Accounts Payable [Member]
8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) [Line Items]
Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable			1,347,000
Insurance Premiums Financed Through Short Term Debt [Member]
8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) [Line Items]
Notes Issued			1,954,000
Property and Equipment Included in Accounts Payable [Member]
8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) [Line Items]
Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable			$ 84,000

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10. Segment Information (Details) - Texas and New Mexico [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
10. Segment Information (Details) [Line Items]
Number of Reportable Segments	2
Productive Oil and Gas Wells, Number of Wells, Gross	422

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10. Segment Information (Details) - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													$ 65,947	$ 54,942	$ 74,509
Operating costs and expenses													34,113	29,679	43,717
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization													5,526	6,667	9,944
Impairment													1,682	4,529	43,704
Interest expenses, net and other													4,784	4,817	5,310
Gain (Loss) on derivative contracts													176	657	1,988
Other income (expense), net													(145)	70	85
Total expenses and other													46,136	46,419	104,748
Income (loss) before income taxes	$ 3,584	$ 5,052	$ 6,748	$ 4,427	$ 110	$ 4,809	$ 3,259	$ 345	$ (18,662)	$ (15,827)	$ 1,651	$ 2,599	19,811	8,523	(30,239)
Net income (loss)	(35,979)	3,180	4,252	2,721	(121)	2,994	1,947	69	(13,116)	(10,448)	951	1,625	(25,826)	4,889	(20,988)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(389)	(296)	(384)	(447)	(550)	(379)	(485)	(442)	(2,685)	(459)	(353)	(181)	(1,516)	(1,856)	(3,678)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco	(35,590)	$ 3,476	$ 4,636	$ 3,168	429	$ 3,373	$ 2,432	$ 511	(10,431)	$ (9,989)	$ 1,304	$ 1,806	(24,310)	6,745	(17,310)
Total Assets	108,797				141,272				146,957				108,797	141,272	146,957
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets													4,184	1,141	5,239
UNITED STATES
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													33,374	25,699	39,512
ISRAEL
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													28,781	27,462	25,151
Office Services and Other [Member]
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													3,792	1,781	9,846
Operating Segments [Member] | Oil and Gas Exploration & Production [Member]
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													47,802	42,310	52,164
Operating costs and expenses													15,079	14,304	20,581
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization													2,454	3,474	6,091
Impairment													1,682	4,529	33,138
Interest expenses, net and other													993	1,509	2,156
Gain (Loss) on derivative contracts													176	657	1,988
Other income (expense), net													(33)	34	59
Total expenses and other													20,351	24,507	64,013
Income (loss) before income taxes													27,451	17,803	(11,849)
Net income (loss)													(20,329)	11,571	(7,747)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests													0	0	0
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco													(20,329)	11,571	(7,747)
Total Assets	67,374				103,956				104,067				67,374	103,956	104,067
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets													727	233	2,929
Operating Segments [Member] | Oil and Gas Exploration & Production [Member] | UNITED STATES
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													15,109	12,947	17,047
Operating Segments [Member] | Oil and Gas Exploration & Production [Member] | ISRAEL
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													28,781	27,462	25,151
Operating Segments [Member] | Production Services [Member]
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													18,265	12,752	22,465
Operating costs and expenses													19,154	15,495	23,256
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization													3,072	3,193	3,853
Impairment													0	0	10,566
Interest expenses, net and other													3,791	3,308	3,154
Gain (Loss) on derivative contracts													0	0	0
Other income (expense), net													(112)	36	26
Total expenses and other													25,905	22,032	40,855
Income (loss) before income taxes													(7,640)	(9,280)	(18,390)
Net income (loss)													(5,497)	(6,682)	(13,241)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests													(1,516)	(1,856)	(3,678)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco													(3,981)	(4,826)	(9,563)
Total Assets	41,423				37,316				42,890				41,423	37,316	42,890
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets													3,457	908	2,310
Operating Segments [Member] | Production Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													18,265	12,752	22,465
Operating Segments [Member] | Production Services [Member] | ISRAEL
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													0	0	0
Operating Segments [Member] | Office Services and Other [Member] | Oil and Gas Exploration & Production [Member]
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													3,912	1,901	9,966
Operating Segments [Member] | Office Services and Other [Member] | Production Services [Member]
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													0	0	0
Segment Reconciling Items [Member]
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													(120)	(120)	(120)
Operating costs and expenses													(120)	(120)	(120)
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization													0	0	0
Impairment													0	0	0
Interest expenses, net and other													0	0	0
Gain (Loss) on derivative contracts													0	0	0
Other income (expense), net													0
Total expenses and other													(120)	(120)	(120)
Income (loss) before income taxes													0	0	0
Net income (loss)													0	0	0
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests													0	0	0
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco													0	0	0
Total Assets	$ 0				$ 0				$ 0				0	0	0
Expenditures for Long-lived Assets													0	0	0
Segment Reconciling Items [Member] | UNITED STATES
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													0	0	0
Segment Reconciling Items [Member] | ISRAEL
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													0	0	0
Segment Reconciling Items [Member] | Office Services and Other [Member]
Sales revenues
Revenues and other													$ (120)	$ (120)	$ (120)

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12. Asset Retirement Obligation (Details) - Schedule of Change in Asset Retirement Obligation - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of Change in Asset Retirement Obligation [Abstract]
Liability for asset retirement obligation at the beginning of the year	$ 20,748	$ 19,884	$ 20,046
Liabilities Incurred	28	1	17
Liabilities settled and divested	(19)	(34)	(1,035)
Accretion expense	913	897	856
Liability for asset retirement obligation at the end of the year	$ 21,670	$ 20,748	$ 19,884

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) [Line Items]
Oil and Gas Reserve Convertion, Description		Gas reserves are converted to BOE at the rate of six Mcf per Bbl of oil, based upon the approximate relative energy content of gas and oil. This rate is not necessarily indicative of the relationship of natural gas and oil prices. Natural gas liquids reserves are converted to BOE on a one-to-one basis with oil.
Foreign Tax on Oil and Gas Revenues		The government of Israel imposes a tax or charge upon oil and gas revenues, including revenues from oil and gas produced from the Tamar well. Currently, such oil and gas revenues would be subject to a sliding scale of taxation, beginning with the imposition of a 20% charge on oil and gas revenues at such time as total revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended and increasing in steps to a 46.8% charge imposed at such time as revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended. The current tax law provides some relief for oil and gas revenues received from reservoirs developed before January 2014 by delaying the imposition of the charges; i.e. the 20% charge would become effective at such time as total revenues received equal 2 times the costs expended and the maximum 46.8% charge would not become effective until revenues received equaled 2.8 times costs expended. Isramco’s overriding royalty would be subject to the above taxation at such time, and at the same rates, as the revenues attributable to the operating interest. The imposed Israeli tax is included in calculation of future gas revenues from Tamar Field.
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent		35.00%
Subsequent Event [Member]
13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) [Line Items]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	21.00%

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Capitalized Costs Relating to Oil and Gas Producing Activities Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Capitalized Costs Relating to Oil and Gas Producing Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Unproved properties not being amortized	$ 0	$ 0
Proved property being amortized	243,812	244,158
Accumulated depreciation, depletion amortization and impairment	(224,105)	(221,257)
Net capitalized costs	$ 19,707	$ 22,901

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Cost Incurred in Oil and Gas Property Acquisition, Exploration, and Development Activities Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of Cost Incurred in Oil and Gas Property Acquisition, Exploration, and Development Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Property acquisition costs—proved and unproved properties	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Exploration costs	0	0	0
Development costs	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,230

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Proved Developed and Undeveloped Oil and Gas Reserve Quantities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 Boe bbl MMcf	Dec. 31, 2016 Boe bbl MMcf	Dec. 31, 2015 Boe bbl MMcf
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	34,581,605	36,219,726	40,188,563
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	33,257,149	27,030,438	32,736,393
Proved Undeveloped Reserves (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	5,395,667	7,551,167	3,483,333
Revisions of previous estimates (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	5,441,419	(269,210)	(2,567,834)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	10,391	16,699	16,818
Acquisition of minerals in place (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	0	0	(37,993)
Production (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	(1,380,599)	(1,385,610)	(1,379,828)
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	38,652,816	34,581,605	36,219,726
Oil [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance	1,609,519	1,883,720	2,998,805
Balance	1,764,872	1,609,519	1,883,720
Proved Undeveloped Reserves	0	0	0
Revisions of previous estimates	344,048	(70,134)	(836,981)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions	7,155	11,189	8,014
Acquisition of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	(29,344)
Production	(195,850)	(215,256)	(256,774)
Balance	1,764,872	1,609,519	1,883,720
Natural Gas [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance | MMcf	193,268,994	200,691,886	213,166,471
Balance | MMcf	184,328,843	148,309,994	179,791,886
Proved Undeveloped Reserves | MMcf	32,122,000	44,959,000	20,900,000
Revisions of previous estimates | MMcf	29,831,511	(928,902)	(6,300,693)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions | MMcf	12,853	25,057	23,489
Acquisition of minerals in place | MMcf	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place | MMcf	0	0	(51,896)
Production | MMcf	(6,662,515)	(6,519,047)	(6,145,485)
Balance | MMcf	216,450,843	193,268,994	200,691,886
Natural Gas Liquids [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance	760,587	887,359	1,662,012
Balance	770,803	702,587	887,359
Proved Undeveloped Reserves	42,000	58,000	0
Revisions of previous estimates	125,452	(44,260)	(680,735)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions	1,094	1,334	4,889
Acquisition of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	0
Production	(74,330)	(83,846)	(98,807)
Balance	812,803	760,587	887,359
UNITED STATES
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	3,767,414	4,607,968	7,751,025
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	3,988,823	3,767,414	4,607,968
Proved Undeveloped Reserves (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	0	0	0
Revisions of previous estimates (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	694,150	(328,824)	(2,498,961)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	10,391	16,699	16,818
Acquisition of minerals in place (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	0	0	(37,993)
Production (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	(483,132)	(528,429)	(622,921)
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	3,988,823	3,767,414	4,607,968
UNITED STATES | Oil [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance	1,609,519	1,883,720	2,998,805
Balance	1,764,872	1,609,519	1,883,720
Proved Undeveloped Reserves	0	0	0
Revisions of previous estimates	344,048	(70,134)	(836,981)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions	7,155	11,189	8,014
Acquisition of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	(29,344)
Production	(195,850)	(215,256)	(256,774)
Balance	1,764,872	1,609,519	1,883,720
UNITED STATES | Natural Gas [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance | MMcf	9,798,407	12,488,852	20,047,575
Balance | MMcf	10,076,608	9,798,407	12,488,852
Proved Undeveloped Reserves | MMcf	0	0	0
Revisions of previous estimates | MMcf	1,585,008	(1,298,250)	(5,889,831)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions | MMcf	12,853	25,057	23,489
Acquisition of minerals in place | MMcf	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place | MMcf	0	0	(51,896)
Production | MMcf	(1,319,660)	(1,417,252)	(1,640,485)
Balance | MMcf	10,076,608	9,798,407	12,488,852
UNITED STATES | Natural Gas Liquids [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance	524,827	642,773	1,410,957
Balance	544,516	524,827	642,773
Proved Undeveloped Reserves	0	0	0
Revisions of previous estimates	85,934	(42,316)	(680,340)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions	1,094	1,334	4,889
Acquisition of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	0
Production	(67,339)	(76,964)	(92,733)
Balance	544,516	524,827	642,773
ISRAEL
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	30,814,191	31,611,758	32,437,538
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	29,268,326	23,263,024	28,128,425
Proved Undeveloped Reserves (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	5,395,667	7,551,167	3,483,333
Revisions of previous estimates (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	4,747,269	59,614	(68,873)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	0	0	0
Acquisition of minerals in place (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	0	0	0
Production (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	(897,467)	(857,181)	(756,907)
Balance (in Barrels of Oil Equivalent) | Boe	34,663,993	30,814,191	31,611,758
ISRAEL | Oil [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance	0	0	0
Balance	0	0	0
Proved Undeveloped Reserves	0	0	0
Revisions of previous estimates	0	0	0
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions	0	0	0
Acquisition of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	0
Production	0	0	0
Balance	0	0	0
ISRAEL | Natural Gas [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance | MMcf	183,470,587	188,203,034	193,118,896
Balance | MMcf	174,252,235	138,511,587	167,303,034
Proved Undeveloped Reserves | MMcf	32,122,000	44,959,000	20,900,000
Revisions of previous estimates | MMcf	28,246,503	369,348	(410,862)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions | MMcf	0	0	0
Acquisition of minerals in place | MMcf	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place | MMcf	0	0	0
Production | MMcf	(5,342,855)	(5,101,795)	(4,505,000)
Balance | MMcf	206,374,235	183,470,587	188,203,034
ISRAEL | Natural Gas Liquids [Member]
Reserve Quantities [Line Items]
Balance	235,760	244,586	251,055
Balance	226,287	177,760	244,586
Proved Undeveloped Reserves	42,000	58,000	0
Revisions of previous estimates	39,518	(1,944)	(395)
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions	0	0	0
Acquisition of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	0
Production	(6,991)	(6,882)	(6,074)
Balance	268,287	235,760	244,586

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities, by Geographic Area [Line Items]
Production revenues	$ 43,890	$ 40,409	$ 42,198
Production costs	9,504	8,922	14,919
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	3,367	3,995	6,923
Income tax expense (benefit)	10,856	9,622	7,125
Results of operations from producing activities	20,163	17,870	13,231
UNITED STATES
Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities, by Geographic Area [Line Items]
Production revenues	15,109	12,947	17,047
Production costs	9,504	8,922	14,919
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	3,367	3,995	6,923
Income tax expense (benefit)	783	10	(1,678)
Results of operations from producing activities	1,455	20	(3,117)
ISRAEL
Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities, by Geographic Area [Line Items]
Production revenues	28,781	27,462	25,151
Production costs	0	0	0
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	0	0	0
Income tax expense (benefit)	10,073	9,612	8,803
Results of operations from producing activities	$ 18,708	$ 17,850	$ 16,348

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Cash Flows Relating to Proved Reserves Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves [Line Items]
Future cash inflows	$ 1,242,331	[1]	$ 1,069,334		$ 1,181,021
Future development costs	(574)		(670)		(673)
Future production costs	(499,855)		(409,859)	[1]	(439,953)
Future income tax expenses	(160,363)		(186,783)		(210,326)
Future net cash flows	581,539		472,022		530,069
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows	(297,332)		(218,749)		(252,386)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	284,207		253,273		277,683	$ 358,305
United States [Member]
Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves [Line Items]
Future cash inflows	125,464		93,228		128,449
Future development costs	(574)		(670)		(673)
Future production costs	(67,245)		(55,554)	[1]	(78,345)
Future income tax expenses	(2,984)		0		0
Future net cash flows	54,661		37,004		49,431
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows	(25,899)		(16,042)		(20,634)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	28,762		20,962		28,797	$ 90,540
Israel [Member]
Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves [Line Items]
Future cash inflows	1,116,867	[1]	976,106		1,052,572
Future development costs	0		0		0
Future production costs	(432,610)		(354,305)	[1]	(361,608)
Future income tax expenses	(157,379)		(186,783)		(210,326)
Future net cash flows	526,878		435,018		480,638
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows	(271,433)		(202,707)		(231,752)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows	$ 255,445		$ 232,311		$ 248,886

[1] The government of Israel imposes a tax or charge upon oil and gas revenues, including revenues from oil and gas produced from the Tamar well. Currently, such oil and gas revenues would be subject to a sliding scale of taxation, beginning with the imposition of a 20% charge on oil and gas revenues at such time as total revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended and increasing in steps to a 46.8% charge imposed at such time as revenues received equal 1.5 times the costs expended. The current tax law provides some relief for oil and gas revenues received from reservoirs developed before January 2014 by delaying the imposition of the charges; i.e. the 20% charge would become effective at such time as total revenues received equal 2 times the costs expended and the maximum 46.8% charge would not become effective until revenues received equaled 2.8 times costs expended. Isramco's overriding royalty would be subject to the above taxation at such time, and at the same rates, as the revenues attributable to the operating interest. The imposed Israeli tax is included in calculation of future gas revenues from Tamar Field.

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Cash Flows Relating to Proved Reserves Disclosure (Parentheticals)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves [Line Items]
Annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
United States [Member]
Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves [Line Items]
Annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Israel [Member]
Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves [Line Items]
Annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows [Line Items]
Standardized Measure of Discount, Beginning Balance	$ 253,273	$ 277,683	$ 358,305
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs	(34,411)	(31,484)	(27,370)
Net changes in prices and production costs	1,510	(28,860)	(89,955)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs	0	0	0
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs	266	379	37
Development costs incurred during the period	0	0	0
Revisions of previous quantity estimates	53,409	(727)	(14,920)
Purchases of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	(465)
Accretion of discount	32,008	35,960	45,839
Net change in income taxes	(5,398)	716	26,265
Change in production rates and other	(16,450)	(394)	(20,053)
Standardized Measure of Discount, Ending Balance	284,207	253,273	277,683
United States [Member]
13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows [Line Items]
Standardized Measure of Discount, Beginning Balance	20,962	28,797	90,540
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs	(5,630)	(4,022)	(2,219)
Net changes in prices and production costs	8,193	(2,585)	(62,407)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs	0	0	0
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs	266	379	37
Development costs incurred during the period	0	0	0
Revisions of previous quantity estimates	5,764	(1,339)	(14,175)
Purchases of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	(465)
Accretion of discount	1,920	2,613	9,775
Net change in income taxes	(1,570)	0	17,165
Change in production rates and other	(1,143)	(2,881)	(9,454)
Standardized Measure of Discount, Ending Balance	28,762	20,962	28,797
International [Member]
13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows [Line Items]
Standardized Measure of Discount, Beginning Balance	232,311	248,886	267,765
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs	(28,781)	(27,462)	(25,151)
Net changes in prices and production costs	(6,683)	(26,275)	(27,548)
Changes in estimated future development costs, net of current development costs	0	0	0
Extensions, discoveries, additions, and improved recovery, less related costs	0	0	0
Development costs incurred during the period	0	0	0
Revisions of previous quantity estimates	47,645	612	(745)
Purchases of minerals in place	0	0	0
Sales of minerals in place	0	0	0
Accretion of discount	30,088	33,347	36,064
Net change in income taxes	(3,828)	716	9,100
Change in production rates and other	(15,307)	2,487	(10,599)
Standardized Measure of Discount, Ending Balance	$ 255,445	$ 232,311	$ 248,886

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13. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited) (Details) - Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information [Abstract]
Total revenues and other	$ 16,194	$ 16,574	$ 18,379	$ 14,800	$ 13,957	$ 14,422	$ 13,870	$ 12,693	$ 14,832	$ 23,828	$ 19,211	$ 16,638	$ 65,947	$ 54,942	$ 74,509
Net income before taxes	3,584	5,052	6,748	4,427	110	4,809	3,259	345	(18,662)	(15,827)	1,651	2,599	19,811	8,523	(30,239)
Net income (loss)	(35,979)	3,180	4,252	2,721	(121)	2,994	1,947	69	(13,116)	(10,448)	951	1,625	(25,826)	4,889	(20,988)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(389)	(296)	(384)	(447)	(550)	(379)	(485)	(442)	(2,685)	(459)	(353)	(181)	(1,516)	(1,856)	(3,678)
Net income (loss) attributable to Isramco	$ (35,590)	$ 3,476	$ 4,636	$ 3,168	$ 429	$ 3,373	$ 2,432	$ 511	$ (10,431)	$ (9,989)	$ 1,304	$ 1,806	$ (24,310)	$ 6,745	$ (17,310)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Attributable to common stockholders - basic (in Dollars per share)	$ (13.11)	$ 1.28	$ 1.71	$ 1.17	$ 0.16	$ 1.24	$ 0.89	$ 0.19	$ (3.84)	$ (3.68)	$ 0.48	$ 0.66	$ (8.95)	$ 2.48	$ (6.37)
Attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in Dollars per share)	$ (13.11)	$ 1.28	$ 1.71	$ 1.17	$ 0.16	$ 1.24	$ 0.89	$ 0.19	$ (3.84)	$ (3.68)	$ 0.48	$ 0.66	$ (8.95)	$ 2.48	$ (6.37)
Average number common shares outstanding - basic (in Shares)	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648
Average number common shares outstanding - diluted (in Shares)	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648	2,717,648