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Loans, Allowances for Loan Losses and Credit Quality
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality Text Block
Note 6.  Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality

The composition of net loans follows:

   
June 30,
  
December 31,
 
   
2011
  
2010
 
        
Commercial
 $36,860,487  $31,045,424 
Commercial real estate
  137,273,305   133,494,431 
Residential real estate
  207,328,143   213,834,818 
Consumer
  12,059,910   13,058,124 
    393,521,845   391,432,797 
Deduct:
        
Allowance for loan losses
  3,851,369   3,727,935 
Unearned net loan fees
  38,803   74,351 
Loans held-for-sale
  1,555,288   2,363,938 
    5,445,460   6,166,224 
Net Loans
 $388,076,385  $385,266,573 


The following is an age analysis of past due loans (including non-accrual) by class:

      
90 Days
  
Total
        
Over 90 Days
 
   
30-89 Days
  
or More
  
Past Due
  
Current
  
Total Loans
  
and Accruing
 
June 30, 2011
                  
                    
Commercial
 $563,870  $107,318  $671,188  $36,189,299  $36,860,487  $4,838 
Commercial real estate
  1,003,076   817,168   1,820,244   135,453,061   137,273,305   393,707 
Residential real estate
  1,753,750   2,257,280   4,011,030   201,761,825   205,772,855   778,759 
Consumer
  107,179   1,228   108,407   11,951,503   12,059,910   1,228 
Total
 $3,427,875  $3,182,994  $6,610,869  $385,355,688  $391,966,557  $1,178,532 
                          
December 31, 2010
                        
       
90 Days
  
Total
          
Over 90 Days
 
   
30-89 Days
  
or More
  
Past Due
  
Current
  
Total Loans
  
and Accruing
 
                          
Commercial
 $915,924  $54,376  $970,300  $30,075,124  $31,045,424  $29,446 
Commercial real estate
  939,910   130,512   1,070,422   132,424,009   133,494,431   94,982 
Residential real estate
  6,117,292   2,108,870   8,226,162   203,244,718   211,470,880   1,194,477 
Consumer
  242,742   38,466   281,208   12,776,916   13,058,124   38,466 
Total
 $8,215,868  $2,332,224  $10,548,092  $378,520,767  $389,068,859  $1,357,371 

     The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

     As described below, the allowance consists of general, specific and unallocated components.  However, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses in the loan portfolio, regardless of specific, general and unallocated components considered in determining the amount of the allowance.

General component

     The general component of the allowance for loan losses is based on historical loss experience, adjusted for qualitative factors and stratified by the following loan segments: commercial, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loans. Management uses an average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment. This historical loss factor is adjusted for the following qualitative factors: levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-performing loans, levels of and trends in loan risk groups, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of any changes in loan related policies, experience, ability and the depth of management, documentation and credit data exception levels, national and local economic trends, external factors such as competition and regulation and lastly concentrations of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio product mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interests, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of commercial real estate loans. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as more information becomes available. There were no changes in the Company’s policies or methodology pertaining to the general component for loan losses since December 31, 2010.

     The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. The Company has policies, procedures and internal controls commensurate with the risk profile of each of these segments. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows:

Commercial – Loans in this segment include commercial and industrial loans and to a lesser extent loans to finance agricultural production. Commercial loans are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business, including trade assets and equipment. While not the primary collateral, in many cases these loans may also be secured by the real estate of the business. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, soft consumer spending, unfavorable foreign trade conditions and the rising cost of labor or raw materials are examples of issues that can impact the credit quality in this segment.

Commercial Real Estate – Loans in this segment are principally made to businesses and are generally secured by either owner-occupied, or non-owner occupied commercial real estate. A relatively small portion of this segment includes farm loans secured by farm land and buildings.  As with commercial loans, repayment of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans is expected from the cash flows of the business and the segment would be impacted by similar issues. The non-owner occupied commercial real estate portion includes both residential and commercial construction loans, vacant land and real estate development loans and multi-family dwelling and commercial rental property loans. Repayment of construction loans is expected from permanent financing takeout; the Company generally requires a commitment or eligibility for the take-out financing prior to construction loan origination. Real estate development loans are generally repaid from the sale of the subject real property as the project progresses. Construction and development lending run additional risks, including the project exceeding budget, not being constructed according to plans, not receiving permits, or the pre-leasing or occupancy rate not meeting expectations. Repayment of multi-family loans and commercial rental property loans is expected from the cash flow generated by rental payments received from the individuals or businesses occupying the real estate. Commercial real estate loans are impacted by issues such as competitive market forces, vacancy rates, cap rates, net operating incomes, lease renewals and overall economic demand. In addition, loans in the recreational and tourism sector can be affected by weather conditions, such as unseasonably low winter snowfalls. Commercial real estate lending also carries a higher degree of environmental risk than other real estate lending.

Residential Real Estate – All loans in this segment are collateralized by owner-occupied residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.

Consumer – Loans in this segment are made to individuals for consumer and household purposes.  This segment includes both loans secured by automobiles and other consumer goods, as well as loans that are unsecured.  This segment also includes overdrafts, which are extensions of credit made to both individuals and business to cover temporary shortages in their deposit accounts and are generally unsecured.  The Company maintains policies restricting the size and length of these extensions of credit.  The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.

Specific component

     The specific component relates to loans that are impaired.  A specific allowance is established when a loan’s impaired basis is less than the carrying value of the loan. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, in management’s estimation it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Impaired loans are loan(s) to a borrower that in aggregate are greater than $100,000 and that are in non-accrual status or are troubled debt restructurings (TDR).  Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management evaluates the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and frequency of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis, by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

     Impaired loans may also include troubled loans that are restructured. A TDR occurs when the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that would otherwise not be granted. TDRs may include the transfer of assets to the Company in partial satisfaction of a troubled loan, a modification of a loan’s terms, or a combination of the two.

     Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer loans for impairment evaluation, unless such loans are subject to a restructuring agreement.

Unallocated component

     An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

The changes in the allowance for loan losses for the second quarter ended June 30 are summarized as follows:

   
2011
  
2010
 
        
Balance at beginning of period
 $3,709,918  $3,545,807 
Provision for loan losses
  237,500   299,999 
Recoveries of amounts charged off
  15,547   10,438 
    3,962,965   3,856,244 
Amounts charged off
  (111,596)  (416,983)
Balance at end of period
 $3,851,369  $3,439,261 

The changes in the allowance for loan losses for the six months ended June 30 are summarized as follows:

   
2011
  
2010
 
        
Balance at beginning of year
 $3,727,935  $3,450,542 
Provision for loan losses
  425,000   425,000 
Recoveries of amounts charged off
  37,120   25,172 
    4,190,055   3,900,714 
Amounts charged off
  (338,686)  (461,453)
Balance at end of period
 $3,851,369  $3,439,261 
 
 

 
The following summarizes changes in the allowance for loan losses and select loan information, by portfolio segment.

For the second quarter ended June 30, 2011
 
      
Commercial
  
Residential
          
   
Commercial
  
Real Estate
  
Real Estate
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
  
Allowance for loan losses
 
   Beginning balance
 $256,448  $1,396,946  $1,756,119  $151,865  $148,540  $3,709,918 
      Charge-offs
  (2,427)  0   (82,646)  (26,523)  0   (111,596)
      Recoveries
  3,416   1,091   600   10,440   0   15,547 
      Provisions
  (10,870)  (2,687)  291,867   (3,250)  (37,560)  237,500 
   Ending balance
 $246,567  $1,395,350  $1,965,940  $132,532  $110,980  $3,851,369 
                          

For the six months ended June 30, 2011
 
      
Commercial
  
Residential
          
   
Commercial
  
Real Estate
  
Real Estate
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
  
Allowance for loan losses
 
   Beginning balance
 $302,421  $1,391,898  $1,830,816  $151,948  $50,852  $3,727,935 
      Charge-offs
  (3,127)  0   (271,446)  (64,113)  0   (338,686)
      Recoveries
  11,522   2,181   600   22,817   0   37,120 
      Provisions
  (64,249)  1,271   405,970   21,880   60,128   425,000 
   Ending balance
 $246,567  $1,395,350  $1,965,940  $132,532  $110,980  $3,851,369 
                          
 Individually evaluated for impairment
 $0  $6,100  $366,300  $0  $0  $372,400 
 Collectively evaluated  for impairment
  246,567   1,389,250   1,599,640   132,532   110,980   3,478,969 
Total
 $246,567  $1,395,350  $1,965,940  $132,532  $110,980  $3,851,369 
  
Loans
 
 Individually evaluated for impairment
 $856,643  $1,471,703  $2,644,713  $0      $4,973,059 
 Collectively evaluated for impairment
  36,003,844   135,801,602   204,683,430   12,059,910      $388,548,786 
Total
 $36,860,487  $137,273,305  $207,328,143  $12,059,910      $393,521,845 

      
Commercial
  
Residential
          
December 31, 2010
 
Commercial
  
Real Estate
  
Real Estate
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
  
Allowance for loan losses
 
 Individually evaluated for impairment
 $3,700  $51,200  $337,800  $0  $0  $392,700 
 Collectively evaluated  for impairment
  298,721   1,340,698   1,493,016   151,948   50,852   3,335,235 
Total
 $302,421  $1,391,898  $1,830,816  $151,948  $50,852  $3,727,935 
  
Loans
 
 Individually evaluated for impairment
 $61,226  $1,145,194  $3,219,911  $0      $4,426,331 
 Collectively evaluated for impairment
  30,984,199   132,349,237   210,614,907   13,058,124       387,006,467 
Total
 $31,045,425  $133,494,431  $213,834,818  $13,058,124      $391,432,798 

As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had no acquired loans with deteriorated credit quality.

Impaired loans by class were as follows:

      
Unpaid
     
Average
  
Interest
 
June 30, 2011
 
Recorded
  
Principal
  
Related
  
Recorded
  
Income
 
   
Investment
  
Balance
  
Allowance
  
Investment
  
Recognized*
 
                 
With no related allowance recorded
               
   Commercial
 $856,643  $859,175     $294,667  $0 
   Commercial real estate
  1,260,762   1,276,902      480,280   0 
   Residential real estate
  865,299   1,058,921      1,323,348   0 
                     
With an allowance recorded
                   
   Commercial
  0   0   0   42,028   0 
   Commercial real estate
  210,941   210,941   6,100   833,777   0 
   Residential real estate
  1,779,414   2,176,749   366,300   1,655,730   0 
                      
Total
                    
   Commercial
 $856,643  $859,175  $0  $336,695  $0 
   Commercial real estate
 $1,471,703  $1,487,843  $6,100  $1,314,057  $0 
   Residential real estate
 $2,644,713  $3,235,670  $366,300  $2,979,078  $0 
Total
 $4,973,059  $5,582,688  $372,400  $4,629,830  $0 

      
Unpaid
     
Average
  
Interest
 
December 31, 2010
 
Recorded
  
Principal
  
Related
  
Recorded
  
Income
 
   
Investment
  
Balance
  
Allowance
  
Investment
  
Recognized*
 
                 
With no related allowance recorded
               
   Commercial
 $24,930  $61,460  $0  $106,737  $0 
   Commercial real estate
  0   0   0   494,150   0 
   Residential real estate
  1,138,290   1,527,508   0   1,186,068   0 
                      
With an allowance recorded
                    
   Commercial
  36,296   39,856   3,700   37,300   0 
   Commercial real estate
  1,145,194   1,145,672   51,200   1,158,924   0 
   Residential real estate
  2,081,621   2,303,744   337,800   1,661,441   0 
                      
Total
                    
   Commercial
 $61,226  $101,316  $3,700  $144,037  $0 
   Commercial real estate
 $1,145,194  $1,145,672  $51,200  $1,653,074  $0 
   Residential real estate
 $3,219,911  $3,831,252  $337,800  $2,847,509  $0 
Total
 $4,426,331  $5,078,240  $392,700  $4,644,620  $0 

*Interest income recognized on impaired loans is immaterial for both periods presented.

 
Credit Quality Grouping
 
     In developing the allowance for loan losses, management uses credit quality grouping to help evaluate trends in credit quality. The Company groups credit risk into Groups A, B and C. The manner the Company utilizes to assign risk grouping is driven by loan purpose. Commercial purpose loans are individually risk graded while the retail portion of the portfolio is generally grouped by delinquency pool.
 
Group A loans - Acceptable Risk – are loans that are expected to perform as agreed under their respective terms.  Such loans carry a normal level of risk that does not require management attention beyond that warranted by the loan or loan relationship characteristics, such as loan size or relationship size. Group A loans include commercial loans that are individually risk rated and retail loans that are rated by pool. Group A retail loans include both performing consumer and residential real estate loans. Residential real estate loans are loans to individuals secured by 1-4 family homes, including first mortgages, home equity and home improvement loans. Loan balances fully secured by deposit accounts or that are fully guaranteed by the Federal Government are considered acceptable risk.
 
Group B loans – Management Involved - are loans that require greater attention than the acceptable loans in Group A. Characteristics of such loans may include, but are not limited to, borrowers that are experiencing negative operating trends such as reduced sales or margins, borrowers that have exposure to adverse market conditions such as increased competition or regulatory burden, or that have had unexpected or adverse changes in management. These loans have a greater likelihood of migrating to an unacceptable risk level if these characteristics are left unchecked. Group B is limited to commercial loans that are individually risk rated.
 
Group C loans – Unacceptable Risk – are loans that have distinct shortcomings that require a greater degree of management attention.  Examples of these shortcomings include a borrower's inadequate capacity to service debt, poor operating performance, or insolvency.  These loans are more likely to result in repayment through collateral liquidation. Group C loans range from those that are likely to sustain some loss if the shortcomings are not corrected, to those for which loss is imminent and non-accrual treatment is warranted. Group C loans include individually rated commercial purpose loans, and retail loans adversely rated in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification Policy. Group C retail loans include 1-4 family residential real estate loans and home equity loans past due 90 days or more with loan-to-value ratios greater than 60%, home equity loans 90 days or more past due where bank does not hold first mortgage, irrespective of loan-to-value, loans in bankruptcy where repayment is likely but not yet established, and lastly consumer loans that are 90 days or more past due.
 
     Commercial purpose loan ratings are assigned by the commercial account officer; for larger and more complex commercial loans, the credit rating is a collaborative assignment by the lender and the credit analyst. The credit risk rating is based on the borrower's expected performance, i.e., the likelihood that the borrower will be able to service its obligations in accordance with the loan terms. Credit risk ratings are meant to measure risk versus simply record history.  Assessment of expected future payment performance requires consideration of numerous factors.  While past performance is part of the overall evaluation, expected performance is based on an analysis of the borrower's financial strength, and historical and projected factors such as size and financing alternatives, capacity and cash flow, balance sheet and income statement trends, the quality and timeliness of financial reporting, and the quality of the borrower’s management.  Other factors influencing the credit risk rating to a lesser degree include collateral coverage and control, guarantor strength and commitment, documentation, structure and covenants and industry conditions.  There are uncertainties inherent in this process.
 
     Credit risk ratings are dynamic and require updating whenever relevant information is received.  The risk ratings of larger or more complex loans, and Group B and C rated loans, are assessed at the time of their respective annual reviews, during quarterly updates, in action plans or at any other time that relevant information warrants update. Lenders are required to make immediate disclosure to the Chief Credit Officer of any increase in loan risk, even if considered temporary in nature.
 
 

 
The risk ratings within the loan portfolio by class were as follows:

Total Loans
 
                 
      
Commercial
  
Residential
       
June 30, 2011
 
Commercial
  
Real Estate
  
Real Estate
  
Consumer
  
Total
 
                 
Group A
 $33,713,261  $121,191,043  $201,366,558  $12,045,442  $368,316,305 
Group B
  990,727   7,129,125   594,832   0   8,714,684 
Group C
  2,156,499   8,953,137   5,366,753   14,468   16,490,856 
Total
 $36,860,487  $137,273,305  $207,328,143  $12,059,910  $393,521,845 

Total Loans
 
                 
      
Commercial
  
Residential
       
December 31, 2010
 
Commercial
  
Real Estate
  
Real Estate
  
Consumer
  
Total
 
                 
Group A
 $28,148,610  $118,056,754  $207,263,295  $12,997,587  $366,466,246 
Group B
  1,617,895   9,455,795   883,271   0   11,956,961 
Group C
  1,278,919   5,981,882   5,688,252   60,537   13,009,590 
Total
 $31,045,424  $133,494,431  $213,834,818  $13,058,124  $391,432,797