Rave Restaurant Group, Inc., and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”, or in the first person notations of “we”, “us” and “our”) franchise pizza buffet, delivery/carry-out, express restaurants and ghost kitchens domestically and internationally under the trademark “Pizza Inn” and franchise domestic fast casual restaurants under the trademarks “Pie Five Pizza Company” or “Pie Five”. The Company also licenses pizza kiosks under the “Pizza Inn” trademark. We facilitate the procurement and distribution of food, equipment and supplies to our domestic and international system of restaurants through agreements with third-party distributors.

As of June 29, 2025, we had 117 franchised Pizza Inn restaurants, 17 franchised Pie Five Units, and one licensed Pizza Inn Express, or PIE, kiosk (“PIE Units”). The 95 domestic franchised Pizza Inn restaurants were comprised of 79 pizza buffet restaurants (“Buffet Units”), five delivery/carry-out restaurants (“Delco Units”), 10 express restaurants (“Express Units”), and one ghost kitchen (“Pizza Inn Ghost Kitchen Units”). As of June 29, 2025, there were 22 international franchised Pizza Inn restaurants. Domestic Pizza Inn restaurants and kiosks were located predominantly in the southern half of the United States, with Texas, North Carolina, Arkansas and Mississippi accounting for approximately 20%, 19%, 10% and 10%, respectively, of the total number of domestic units.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rave Restaurant Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All appropriate inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The Company holds short-term investments in U.S. Treasury bills, classified as trading securities. Accordingly, interest income is recorded through the Consolidated Statements of Income, when earned. Management has elected to classify all U.S. Treasury bills as short-term, regardless of their maturity dates, as these are readily available to fund current operations and can be liquidated at any time at the discretion of the Company. As of June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company held treasury bills valued at approximately $7.0 million and $4.9 million, respectively, which are included within short-term investments on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest income is reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income and Cash Flows. For the years ended June 29, 2025, June 30, 2024, and June 25, 2023, interest income recognized on the treasury bills was $313 thousand, $151 thousand, and zero, respectively.

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value are categorized based on the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Authoritative guidance for fair value measurements establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into the following three levels:

Level 2:

Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.

These items are classified in their entirety based on the lowest priority level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the placement of assets and liabilities within the levels of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. Balances in accounts are insured up to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) limits of $250 thousand per institution. At June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of FDIC insurance coverage of approximately $2.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. We do not believe we are exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.

The Company invests in U.S. Treasury bills, which are considered short-term investments. While U.S. Treasury bills are not insured by the FDIC, they are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. However, following the downgrade of the U.S. sovereign credit rating, the Company recognizes that the long-term fiscal outlook of the United States has weakened. Nevertheless, the Company believes the credit risk associated with these investments is minimal.

Notes receivable, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of promissory notes from franchise agreements and structured Company-financed sales of assets. At June 29, 2025, and at various times during the fiscal year then ended, the Company had concentrations of credit risk with three franchisees on notes receivables with long-term maturities. At June 30, 2024, and at various times during the fiscal year then ended, the Company had concentrations of credit risk with four franchisees on notes receivables with both short and long term maturities. As of June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the financed asset sales were executed with a weighted average interest rate of 5.3% and 4.8%, respectively. Principal payments are due weekly or monthly and mature from January 1, 2027 to July 5, 2028.

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred while major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Upon the sale or disposition of any property or equipment, the asset and the related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and the gain or loss is included in operations. The Company capitalizes interest on borrowings during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying asset and amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset.

Depreciation and amortization are computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or, in the case of leasehold improvements, over the term of the lease including any reasonably assured renewal periods, if shorter. The useful lives of the assets range from three to ten years.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the arrangement. To the extent that it can be determined that an arrangement represents a lease, it is classified as either an operating lease or a finance lease. The Company does not currently have any finance leases. The Company capitalizes operating leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheets through a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Short-term leases that have an initial term of one year or less are not capitalized. The Company does not presently have any short-term leases.

Operating lease right of use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of an arrangement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In addition to the present value of lease payments, the operating lease right-of-use asset also includes any lease payments made to the lessor prior to lease commencement less any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company leases certain office space, restaurant space, and information technology equipment under non-cancelable leases to support its operations. A more detailed description of significant lease types is included below.

The Company rents office space from third parties for its corporate location. Office space agreements are typically structured with non-cancelable terms of one to 10 years. The Company has concluded that its office space agreements represent operating leases with a lease term that equals the primary non-cancelable contract term. Upon completion of the primary term, both parties have substantive rights to terminate the lease. As a result, enforceable rights and obligations do not exist under the rental agreement subsequent to the primary term.

The Company rents information technology equipment, primarily printers and copiers, from a third party for its corporate office location. Information technology equipment agreements are typically structured with non-cancelable terms of one to five years. The Company has concluded that its information technology equipment agreements are operating leases.

Leases typically do not provide an implicit interest rate. Accordingly, the Company is required to use its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments based on the information available at the lease commencement date. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate reflects the estimated rate of interest that it would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company uses the implicit rate in the limited circumstances in which that rate is readily determinable.

The Company has guaranteed the financial responsibilities of certain franchised store leases. These guaranteed leases are not considered operating leases because the Company does not have the right to control the underlying asset. If the franchisee abandons the lease and fails to meet the lease’s financial obligations, the lessor may assign the lease to the Company for the remainder of the term. If the Company does not expect to assign the abandoned lease to a new franchisee within 12 months, the lease will be considered an operating lease and a right-of-use asset, and lease liability will be recognized.

Certain lease agreements include lease and non-lease components. For all existing asset classes with multiple component types, the Company has utilized the practical expedient that exempts it from separating lease components from non-lease components. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components in an arrangement as a single lease component.

In addition, for all existing asset classes, the Company has made an accounting policy election not to apply the lease recognition requirements to short-term leases (that is, a lease that, at commencement, has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise). Accordingly, we recognize lease payments related to our short-term leases in our income statements on a straight-line basis over the lease term which has not changed from our prior recognition. To the extent that there are variable lease payments, we recognize those payments in our income statements in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Impairment is evaluated based on the sum of undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from use and eventual disposition of the assets compared to their carrying value. If impairment is indicated, the carrying value of an impaired asset is reduced to its fair value, based on discounted estimated future cash flows. For the years ended June 29, 2025, June 30, 2024, and June 25, 2023, impairment expense was zero, zero, and $5 thousand, respectively.

Accounts receivable consist primarily of receivables generated from franchise royalties and supplier concessions. The Company records an allowance for credit losses to allow for any amounts that may be unrecoverable based upon an analysis of the Company's prior collection experience, customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. Finance charges may be accrued at a rate of 18% per year, or up to the maximum amount allowed by law, on past due receivables. The interest income recorded from finance charges is immaterial.

The Company monitors franchisee receivable balances and adjusts credit terms when necessary to minimize the Company’s exposure to high-risk accounts receivable. For fiscal 2025, recoveries for credit losses were $21 thousand compared to provision for credit losses of $69 thousand for fiscal 2024.

Notes receivable primarily consist of promissory notes arising from franchisee agreements and structured Company-financed sales of assets. The majority of amounts and terms are evidenced by formal promissory notes and personal guarantees. All notes allow for early payment without penalty. Fixed principal payments are due monthly. Notes receivable mature at various dates through 2028 and bear interest at a weighted average rate of 5.3% and 4.8% at June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

Notes receivable are reported at original issue amount less principal repaid, reduced by an allowance for credit losses. An allowance for expected credit losses is determined based on a specific assessment of all notes that are delinquent or determined to be doubtful to be collected. Notes are considered delinquent if the repayment terms are not met. All amounts deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses in the period that determination is made.

The allowance for credit losses for notes receivable incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each note upon asset origination. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. As of June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024, there were no modifications to notes receivable.

In evaluating the notes receivable, the Company determines that the notes are pooled based on historical collections and write-offs for purposes of determining its allowance for credit losses related to notes receivable. These notes have an amortized cost of approximately $120 thousand and $147 thousand at June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Historical loss information for notes receivable at the Company shows a 0% loss rate over the contractual term.

As of June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company has not recorded any allowance for credit losses related to the notes receivable balances. Additionally, as of June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company did not have any notes receivable with past due or non-accrual status. The total amount of write-offs and recoveries of notes receivable were zero for the fiscal years ended June 29, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method pursuant to the authoritative guidance on ASC 740 Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of “temporary differences” by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement and carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred taxes for a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes future tax benefits to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not.

The Company continually reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets, including an analysis of factors such as future taxable income, reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, and tax planning strategies. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of deferred tax assets. Future sources of taxable income are also considered in determining the amount of any required valuation allowance.

There are no material uncertain tax positions. Management’s position is that all relevant requirements are met and necessary returns have been filed, and therefore the tax positions taken on the tax returns would be sustained upon examination.

Under ASC 740, we recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. From time to time, the Company may be assessed interest and penalties by taxing authorities. In those cases, the charges are recorded as income tax expense, as incurred, in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in contracts with customers and excludes incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties, primarily sales tax. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction that are collected by the Company from a customer are excluded from revenue.

Franchise revenues consist of 1) franchise royalties, 2) supplier and distributor incentive revenues, 3) franchise license fees, 4) area development exclusivity fees and foreign master license fees, 5) advertising fund contributions, and 6) supplier convention funds.

Franchise license fees are typically billed upon execution of the franchise agreement and amortized over the term of the franchise agreement, which typically range from five to 20 years. Fees received for renewal periods are amortized over the life of the renewal period. In the event of a closed franchise or terminated development agreement, the remaining balance of unamortized license fees will be recognized in entirety as of the date of the closure or termination.

Area development exclusivity fees and foreign master license fees are typically billed upon execution of the area development and foreign master license agreements. Area development exclusivity fees are included in deferred revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and allocated on a pro rata basis to all stores opened under that specific development agreement as the stores are opened. Area development exclusivity fees that include rights to sub-franchise are amortized as revenue over the term of the contract.

Advertising fund contributions for Pizza Inn and Pie Five units represent contributions collected where we have control over the activities of the fund. Contributions are based on a percentage of net retail sales. We have determined that we are the principal in these arrangements, and advertising fund contributions and expenditures are, therefore, reported on a gross basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In general, we expect such advertising fund contributions and expenditures to be largely offsetting and, therefore, do not expect a significant impact on our reported income before income taxes. Our obligation related to these funds is to develop and conduct advertising activities. Pizza Inn and Pie Five marketing fund contributions are billed and collected weekly or monthly.

The Company had subleased some of its restaurant space to a third-party. The Company's last remaining sublease term ended in January 2025 and the Company has no plans to enter into future sublease arrangements. The sublease agreements were non-cancelable through the end of the term and both parties had substantive rights to terminate the lease when the term is complete. Sublease agreements are not capitalized and are recorded as rental income in the period that rent is received.

The following table illustrates franchise and development fees expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially satisfied as of June 29, 2025 (in thousands):

The Company accounts for stock options using the fair value recognition provisions of the authoritative guidance on stock-based payments. The Company uses the Black-Scholes formula to estimate the value of stock-based compensation for options granted to employees and directors and expects to continue to use this acceptable option valuation model in the future. The authoritative guidance also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow.

RSUs represent the right to receive shares of common stock upon the satisfaction of vesting requirements, performance criteria and other terms and conditions. Compensation cost for RSUs is measured as an amount equal to the fair value of the RSUs on the date of grant and is expensed over the vesting period if achievement of the performance criteria is deemed probable, with the amount of the expense recognized based on the best estimate of the ultimate achievement level.

Provisions for legal settlements are accrued when payment is considered probable and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable in accordance with the authoritative guidance on ASC 450 Accounting for Contingencies. If the best estimate of cost can only be identified within a range and no specific amount within that range can be determined more likely than any other amount within the range, and the loss is considered probable, the minimum of the range is accrued. Legal and related professional services costs to defend litigation are expensed as incurred.

Evaluating contingencies related to litigation is a process involving judgment on the potential outcome of future events, and the ultimate resolution of litigated claims may differ from our current analysis. Accordingly, we review the adequacy of accruals and disclosures pertaining to litigated matters each quarter in consultation with legal counsel and we assess the probability and range of possible losses associated with contingencies for potential accrual in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We are engaged in various legal proceedings and have certain unresolved claims pending. Liabilities have been established based on our best estimates of our potential liability in certain of these matters. Based upon consultation with legal counsel, management is of the opinion that there are no matters pending or threatened which are expected to have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect its reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other various assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically. Actual results could differ materially from estimates.

The Company's fiscal year ends on the last Sunday in June. The fiscal year ended June 29, 2025 contained 52 weeks, the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 contained 53 weeks, and the fiscal year June 25, 2023 contained 52 weeks.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU” or “standard”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The new guidance is effective for the Company's fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this standard on July 1, 2024, which required companies to enhance disclosure of significant reportable segment expenses.

December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disaggregated information about a company’s effective tax rate reconciliation and requires disclosure of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, which require us to adopt the provisions in our fiscal 2026 Form 10-K. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is permitted. Management does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires, for each relevant expense caption on the income statement, detailed disclosure amounts for purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. In addition, this ASU requires companies to include amounts already required by GAAP in the same disclosure, provide a qualitative description of remaining amounts not separately disaggregated, and disclose the amount of total selling expenses along with the companies’ definition of selling expenses. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, which would require us to adopt the provisions in our fiscal 2028 Form 10-K. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is permitted. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on our disclosures.