Note I – Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate is calculated as the amount of income tax expense divided by income before income tax expense. For the three-month periods in 2016 and 2015, the Company’s effective income tax rates were as follows:



	2016	2015
Three months ended March 31	24.7%	103.0%

The effective tax rates for most periods where earnings are generated, generally exceed the U.S. statutory tax rate of 35% due to several factors, including: the effects of income generated in foreign tax jurisdictions, certain of which have income tax rates that are higher than the U.S. Federal rate; U.S. state tax expense; and certain expenses, including exploration and other expenses in certain foreign jurisdictions, for which no income tax benefits are available or are not presently being recorded due to a lack of reasonable certainty of adequate future revenue against which to utilize these expenses as deductions. Conversely, the effective tax rates for most periods where losses are incurred generally are lower than U.S. statutory tax rate of 35% due to similar reasons. The effective tax rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2016 was below the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to effects of losses incurred in its Canadian operations and exploration and other expenses in certain foreign jurisdictions that have little or no realized tax benefits. The effective tax rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2015 was above the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to a deferred tax benefit associated with the sale of Malaysian assets.

The Company’s tax returns in multiple jurisdictions are subject to audit by taxing authorities. These audits often take years to complete and settle. Although the Company believes that recorded liabilities for unsettled issues are adequate, additional gains or losses could occur in future years from resolution of outstanding unsettled matters. As of March 31, 2016, the earliest years remaining open for audit and/or settlement in our major taxing jurisdictions are as follows: United States – 2011; Canada – 2008; Malaysia – 2009; and United Kingdom – 2014.