Note 10 – Income Tax

The provision for income taxes is different from the amount computed by applying U.S. statutory rates to consolidated losses before taxes. The significant reason for these differences is as follows (dollars in thousands):



		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2013		2012
Expected tax provision (benefit)	$	77	$	(27)
Increase (decrease) in tax expense resulting from:
Change in valuation allowance, other		4		(483)
Foreign tax provision		233		904
Foreign withholding tax provision		268		367
Tax effect of foreign tax rates on current income		(8)		511
State and local tax provision		64		113
Tax/audit litigation settlement		251		240
Actual tax provision (benefit)	$	889	$	1,625

Pursuant to ASC 740-10, a provision should be made for the tax effect of earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are not permanently invested outside the United States. Our intent is that earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are not permanently invested outside the United States. Current earnings were available for distribution in the Reading Australia and Reading New Zealand consolidated group of subsidiaries as of March 31, 2013. We have provided $0.4 million in withholding tax expense in relation to those earnings. We believe the U.S. tax impact of a dividend from our Australian and New Zealand subsidiaries, net of loss carry forward and potential foreign tax credits, would not have a material effect on the tax provision as of March 31, 2013.

Deferred income taxes reflect the “temporary differences” between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, adjusted by the relevant tax rate. In accordance with FASB ASC 740-10 – Income Taxes (“ASC 740-10”), we record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax assets and liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and recent financial performance. ASC 740-10 presumes that a valuation allowance is required when there is substantial negative evidence about realization of deferred tax assets, such as a pattern of losses in recent years, coupled with facts that suggest such losses may continue.

In the period ended June 30, 2011, the Company determined that substantial negative evidence regarding the realizable nature of deferred tax assets continues to exist in the U.S., New Zealand, and Puerto Rico subsidiaries, arising from ongoing pre-tax financial losses. Accordingly, the Company continues to record a full valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets available in these subsidiaries. After consideration of a number of factors for the Reading Australia group, including its recent history of pretax financial income, its expected future earnings, the increase in market value of its real estate assets, which would cause taxable gain if sold, and having executed in June 2011 a credit facility of over $100.0 million to resolve potential liquidity issues, the Company determined that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets in Reading Australia will be realized. Accordingly, during 2011, Reading Australia reversed $13.8 million of the valuation allowance previously recorded against its net deferred tax, which mainly reflects the loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income in Australia.

We have accrued $22.8 million in income tax liabilities as of March 31, 2013, of which $13.2 million has been classified as income taxes payable and $9.6 million have been classified as non-current tax liabilities. As part of current tax liabilities, we have accrued $3.5 million in connection with the negotiated Tax Court judgment, dated January 6, 2011, implementing our agreement with the IRS as to the final disposition of the 1996 tax litigation matter. We believe these amounts represent an adequate provision for our income tax exposures, including income tax contingencies related to foreign withholding taxes.

In accordance with FASB ASC 740-10-25 – Income Taxes - Uncertain Tax Positions (“ASC 740-10-25”), we record interest and penalties related to income tax matters as part of income tax expense.

The following table is a summary of the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the periods ending March 31, 2013 December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 (dollars in thousands):



		Three Months Ended March 31, 2013		Year Ended December 31, 2012		Year Ended December 31, 2011
Unrecognized tax benefits – gross beginning balance	$	2,171	$	1,974	$	8,058
Gross increases – prior period tax provisions		62		197		--
Gross increases – current period tax positions		--		--		151
Settlements		--		--		(6,235)
Statute of limitations lapse		--		--		--
Unrecognized tax benefits – gross ending balance	$	2,233	$	2,171	$	1,974

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we recorded a change of approximately $0.1 million to our gross unrecognized tax benefits. The net tax balance is approximately $2.2 million, of which $1.1 million would impact the effective rate if recognized.

It is difficult to predict the timing and resolution of uncertain tax positions. Based upon the Company’s assessment of many factors, including past experience and judgments about future events, we estimate that within the next 12 months the reserve for uncertain tax positions will increase within a range of $0.9 million to $1.8 million. The reasons for such changes include but are not limited to tax positions expected to be taken during the next twelve months, reevaluation of current uncertain tax positions, expiring statutes of limitations, and interest related to the ”Tax Audit/Litigation” settlement which occurred January 6, 2011.

Our company and subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax, income tax in various U.S. states, and income tax in Australia, New Zealand, and Puerto Rico.

Generally, changes to our federal and most state income tax returns for the calendar year 2008 and earlier are barred by statutes of limitations. Our income tax returns of Australia filed since inception in 1995 are generally open for examination because of operating losses. The income tax returns filed in New Zealand and Puerto Rico for calendar year 2008 and afterward generally remain open for examination as of March 31, 2013.