10-K 1 form10-k.htm FRONTIER FINANCIAL CORPORATION FORM 10-K form10-k.htm


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-K
 
[ x ] Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2007
 
[ ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from _________ to __________.
 
Commission File Number: 000-15540
 
FRONTIER FINANCIAL CORPORATION
 
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
Washington
 
91-1223535
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
 
332 S.W. Everett Mall Way
P.O. Box 2215
Everett, WA 98213
 
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)
 
(425) 514-0700
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value per share
 
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [ x ] No [ ]
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [ ] No [ x ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ x ] No [ ]
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer”, large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Act. Check one:
 
Large Accelerated filer [ x ] Accelerated filer [ ] Non-accelerated filer [ ] Smaller reporting company [ ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [ ] No [ x ]
 
As of June 29, 2007 (the last business day of the most recent second quarter), 44,028,192 shares of common stock were owned by non-affiliates, with an aggregate market value of $991,955,166 (based upon the closing sales price of $22.53 per share).
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding for each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date:
 
The number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock (no par value) outstanding as of February 25, 2008, was 46,991,940.

 
 

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
Portions of the Annual Report to Shareowners for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 – Parts I and II.
 
Portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, relating to the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareowners, to be held on April 16, 2008 – Part III.
 
 


 
 

 

 

 
   
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Forward-Looking Statements
 
The Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  In addition, we may make certain statements in future Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings, in press releases, and in oral and written statements that are not statements of historical fact and may constitute forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements may relate to, without limitation, our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business.

Forward-looking statements are identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or current facts.  Sentences containing words such as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “should”, “projected”, or similar words may constitute forward-looking statements, but are not the only means to identify these statements.  We may use these statements to describe expectations and estimates in various areas, including, but not limited to:  changes in the national economy or in the markets in which we operate; interest rate movements; future acquisition and growth strategies; system conversions and integration activities; the impact of competitive products, services and pricing; and legislative, regulatory and accounting changes affecting the banking and financial service industry.  Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual future results to differ materially from estimated or projected results.  Risk factors are described in Part I, “Item 1.A, Risk Factors” included in this filing.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference into this report are made only as of the date hereof. We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any such statements to reflect future events or developments.
 
ITEM 1.                   BUSINESS

General

Frontier Financial Corporation (“FFC”, “Frontier”, “the Corporation”, “we”, “our” or “us”) is a Washington corporation which was incorporated in 1983 and is registered as a financial holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956.  FFC has two subsidiaries: the Bank, which is engaged in a general banking business and in businesses related to banking; and FFP, Inc., a nonbank corporation which leases property to the Bank.
 
The Bank
 
Frontier Bank is a Washington state chartered commercial bank with headquarters located in Everett, Snohomish County, Washington.  The Bank was founded in September 1978, by Robert J. Dickson and local business persons and is an “insured bank” as defined in the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.

We engage in general banking business in Washington and Oregon, including the acceptance of demand, time and savings deposits and the making of loans.  As of the end of 2007, we serve our customers from fifty-one offices.  In Snohomish County, four offices are located in Everett, and one office each is located in Arlington, Edmonds, Lake Stevens, Marysville, Mill Creek, Monroe, Lynnwood, Smokey Point, Snohomish, and Stanwood.  Seven offices are located in Pierce County in the cities of Buckley, Edgewood-Milton, Orting, Puyallup, Sumner, Tacoma and University Place.  Frontier has thirteen branches in King County, one each in Ballard (Seattle), Bellevue, Bothell, Duvall, Fremont (Seattle), Kent, Kirkland, Lake City (Seattle), Redmond, Renton, Seattle, Totem Lake (Kirkland) and Woodinville.  In addition, the following fourteen branches are located in Clallam, Jefferson, Kitsap, Skagit, Thurston and Whatcom Counties: two branches each in Bellingham and Poulsbo, and one each in Bainbridge Island, Bremerton, Gig Harbor, Lacey, Lynden, Mount Vernon, Port Angeles, Port Townsend, Sequim and Silverdale.

On February 1, 2006, we completed the acquisition of NorthStar Financial Corporation and its subsidiary, NorthStar Bank (“NorthStar”), a privately held financial institution headquartered in Seattle, Washington, with two banking offices in the Ballard and Fremont communities north of downtown Seattle. The shareowners of NorthStar received 1,513,707 shares of FFC common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of NorthStar.  The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.



On November 30, 2007, we acquired 100 percent of the outstanding shares of Bank of Salem.  Bank of Salem, an Oregon chartered commercial bank headquartered in Salem, Oregon, provided commercial real estate and business lending products and related services through three locations in Portland, Salem and Tigard, Oregon.    Bank of Salem shareholders received 0.99 shares of FFC common stock for each share of Bank of Salem common stock.  The value of the 3,230,886 common shares issued was determined in accordance with the merger agreement at $19.07 per share.  The aggregate purchase price was $61.8 million, which included $195 thousand of direct merger related costs.  This acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.

FFP, Inc.

On April 4, 1988, we formed a subsidiary corporation called FFP, Inc. The purpose of this corporation is to purchase and lease improved real property to the Bank and acquire future branch sites.  For further details, please see Part I “Item 2, Properties” of this filing.  At this time, it is intended that future purchases of real property will be made by FFP, Inc., and that  FFP, Inc. will not engage in any other type of business.

Banking Services

We provide a full range of consumer banking services including savings accounts, checking accounts, installments and commercial lending, safe deposit facilities, time deposits and other consumer and business related financial services.  In addition to consumer-oriented activities, we maintain a strong commercial lending program, servicing individuals and businesses headquartered in our principal market areas.

Lending Activities

Our loan portfolio consists primarily of loans secured by real estate, although importance is also placed on commercial and industrial loans, consumer installment loans and bankcard loans.  At December 31, 2007, real estate category loans comprised 87.0% of the net loan portfolio, while commercial and industrial loans made up 11.1% and installment and bankcard loans were 1.9%.  Loans (including loans held for resale) totaled $3.61 billion, and were 122.7% of deposits.  Almost all of these loans were to borrowers within our principal market areas.  See page 26 for loan category amounts for the last five years.

Real Estate Loans

Real estate loans represent the largest share of our loan portfolio.  These loans are comprised of real estate commercial term loans, construction loans, land development loans, completed lot loans and home mortgages.  The construction loan portfolio is comprised of two types:

1.  
Loans for construction of residential and commercial income-producing properties that generally have terms of less than two years and typically bear an interest rate that floats with our base rate.

2.  
Loans for construction of single-family spec and owner-occupied properties that generally have terms of one year or less and typically bear an interest rate that floats with our base rate.

Our real estate commercial term loans finance the purchase and/or ownership of income producing properties.   These loans are generally mature in one to ten years with a payment amortization schedule ranging from 15 to 25 years.  Interest rates may be fixed or variable.  The interest rates on fixed rate loans typically reprice between the first and fifth year.

Land development loans are used for either residential or commercial purposes.  These loans generally have terms of one year or less and typically bear an interest rate that floats with our base rate.

Mortgage loans include various types of loans for which real property is held as collateral.  These loans, collateralized by one to four family residences, typically have maturities between one and five years with payment amortization schedules ranging from 10 to 20 years.  Mortgage loans are written with both fixed and variable rates.



We also originate and sell mortgages into the secondary market.  We offer a variety of products for refinancing and purchases and are approved to originate FHA and VA loans.  The majority of loans originated in 2007 were fixed rate single-family loans.  Total loans sold in 2007 were approximately $158.3 million.  Servicing is sold with the loan.  Funding requirements for these loans are minimal as few of these loans are retained for investment.

Commercial and Industrial Loans

This category of loans includes both commercial and industrial loans used to provide working capital or for specific purposes, such as to finance the purchase of fixed assets, equipment or inventory.   Commercial loans include lines of credit and term loans.  Lines of credit are extended to businesses based on the financial strength and integrity of the borrower and generally are collateralized by short-term assets such as accounts receivable and have a maturity of one year or less.  Such lines of credit bear an interest rate that floats with our base rate or another established index.  Commercial term loans are typically made to finance the acquisition of fixed assets, refinance short-term debt originally used to purchase fixed assets or, in rare cases, to finance a businesses purchase.  Commercial term loans generally mature within one to five years.  They may be collateralized by the asset being acquired or other available assets.  These term loans will generally bear interest that either floats with our base rate or another established index or is fixed for the term of the loan.  Industrial loans consist of farm related credits used to finance operating expenses.  These loans generally have terms of one year and bear interest that either floats with our base rate or is fixed for the term of the loan.  These loans are generally collateralized by farm related assets including land, equipment, crops or livestock.

Installment Loans

We provide loans for consumer use including: auto loans, boat loans, home improvement loans, revolving lines of credit, VISA credit cards and other loans typically made by banks to individual borrowers.  These loans generally have terms ranging from one to five years, with up to 20-year amortizations and are written with both fixed and variable rates.

Concentrations of Credit

The most significant portion of the loan portfolio consists of real estate commercial, construction and land development loans.  While we have significant balances within this lending category, we believe that our lending policies and underwriting standards are sufficient to minimize risk even during uncertain economic times.  Management closely monitors the effects of current and expected market conditions and other factors that may influence the repayment of these loans.

The following chart indicates the amount of loans, net of deferred fees, and as a percent of total loans for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
 
   
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
   
2003
 
Real estate commercial loans
  $ 1,003,916   $ 897,714   $ 859,251   $ 848,737     $ 809,307  
                                   
Real estate construction loans
  $ 1,062,662   $ 735,926   $ 554,021   $ 342,287     $ 296,568  
                                   
Real estate land development loans
  $ 537,410   $ 399,950   $ 269,662   $ 182,032     $ 138,517  
                                   
Total loans at end of period (1)
  $ 3,612,122   $ 2,908,000   $ 2,389,224   $ 1,977,521     $ 1,771,716  
                                   
Real estate commercial loans
                                 
as a percent of total loans
    27.8 %   30.9 %   36.0 %   42.9 %     45.7 %
Real estate construction loans
                                 
as a percent of total loans
    29.4 %   25.3 %   23.2 %   17.3 %     16.7 %
Real estate land development loans
                                 
as a percent of total loans
    14.9 %   13.8 %   11.3 %   9.2 %     7.8 %
                                   
(1) Includes loans held for resale
                                 
 


Investment Activities

From time to time, we acquire investment securities when funds acquired through deposit activities exceed loan demand or when there are collateral requirements  When excess funds are considered temporary in nature by management, they are typically placed in federal funds sold on an overnight basis to correspondent banks, approved by the Board of Directors.  This type of investment is not considered desirable, as the interest rate earned on these funds is minimal in nature.  When funds are considered longer term, they are generally invested in securities purchased in the open market.  At December 31, 2007, we had investments totaling $127.6 million at amortized cost.  U.S. Agency bonds comprised 55.9% of the portfolio, equities comprised 21.6%, corporate bonds made up 13.4%, U.S. Treasury bonds made up 4.9% and municipals made up 4.2%.  Please see Note 3 of our 2007 Annual Report for details on the makeup of the portfolio.  We have an investment policy that generally permits purchasing securities rated only in one of the four highest rating categories by a nationally recognized credit rating organization.  The investment policy also provides for maturity patterns, diversification of investments and avoidance of concentrations within the portfolio.

Deposit Activities and Other Funding Sources

Our primary source of funds has historically been customer deposits.  We offer a variety of accounts designed to attract both short-term and long-term deposits in our market area.  These accounts include demand (checking), NOW, money market, sweep, savings and certificates of deposit.  Interest rates paid on these accounts vary from time to time and are based on competitive factors and liquidity needs.  One of our goals is to maintain noninterest-bearing deposits at the highest level possible.  These are low cost funds and help to increase the net interest margin.  Noninterest-bearing accounts comprised 13.3% of total deposits at the end of 2007.

We have other funding sources such as Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances, federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements.  The major source of funds in this area is advances from the FHLB of Seattle.  Although this source of funding can be more costly than deposit activities, large portions of funds are available very quickly for meeting loan commitments.   Our line of credit with the FHLB is approximately 11% of qualifying Bank assets and is collateralized by qualifying first mortgage loans, qualifying commercial real estate and government agency securities. As of December 31, 2007, we had FHLB advances totaling $298.6 million (please refer to Note 8 in the Annual Report to Shareowners for detail regarding these advances).  These advances were collateralized with $430.3 million in qualifying first mortgages, other certain assets and FHLB stock.  No commercial real estate or government securities were pledged at year-end.  The unused portion of this credit line at December 31, 2007, was $131.7 million.
 
Other Financial Services
 
We offer other financial services complementary to banking, including an insurance and investment center that markets annuities, life insurance products and mutual funds to our customers and the general public, a trust department that offers a full array of trust services, and a private banking office to provide personal service to high net worth customers.

Business Strategy
 
Our business strategies are as follows:
 
·  
increasing the percentage of our assets consisting of business, construction and commercial real estate loans with higher risk-adjusted returns, shorter maturities and greater sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations;
 
·  
increasing deposits by attracting lower cost transaction accounts (such as checking, savings and money market accounts) through an enhanced branch network and online banking;
 
·  
maintaining cost-effective operations by efficiently offering products and services;
 
·  
maintaining our capital position at or above the “well-capitalized” (as defined for regulatory purposes) levels; and
 
·  
exploring prudent means to grow our business internally and/or through acquisitions.
 
A source of future growth may be through acquisitions, although no assurance can be given that acquisition activity will continue in the future.  See Part I, “Item 1A, Risk Factors” of this report.


 
Competition
 
The banking industry is highly competitive. We face strong competition in attracting deposits and in originating loans. The most direct competition for deposits has historically come from other commercial banks, saving institutions and credit unions located in our primary market area. As with all banking organizations, we also have competition from nonbanking sources, including mutual funds, corporate and governmental debt securities and other investment alternatives. We expect increasing competition from other financial institutions and nonbanking sources in the future. Many of our competitors have more significant financial resources, larger market share and greater name recognition than us. The existence of such competitors may make it difficult for us to achieve our financial goals.
 
Competition has further increased as a result of Washington banking laws that permit statewide branching of Washington domiciled financial institutions and acquisitions of Washington-based financial institutions by out-of-state bank holding companies.
 
We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting our markets include interest rates paid on deposits and charged on loans, the range of banking products available, and customer service and support. Although we believe that our products currently compete favorably with respect to these factors, there can be no assurance that we can maintain our competitive position against current and potential competitors, especially those with significantly greater financial resources.
 
Our competition for loans comes principally from other commercial banks, savings institutions, credit unions and mortgage banking companies. We compete for loans principally through the efficiency and quality of the services we provide borrowers, real estate brokers and home builders, and the interest rates and loan fees we charge.
 
We compete for deposits by offering depositors a wide variety of checking accounts, savings accounts, certificates and other services. Our ability to attract and retain deposits depends on our ability to provide deposit products that satisfy the requirements of customers as to interest rates, liquidity, transaction fees, risk of loss of deposit, convenience and other factors. Deposit relationships are actively solicited through a branch sales and service system.
 
Changes in technology, mostly from the growing use of computers and computer-based technology, present competitive challenges. Large banking institutions typically have the ability to devote significant resources to developing and maintaining technology-based services such as on-line banking and other banking products and services over the Internet, including deposit services and mortgage loans. Some new banking competitors offer all of these services online. Customers who bank by computer or by telephone may not need to go to a branch location in person. Our high service philosophy emphasizes face-to-face contact with tellers, loan officers and other employees. We believe a personal approach to banking is a competitive advantage, one that will remain popular in the communities that we serve. However, customer preferences may change, and the rapid growth of online banking could, at some point, render our personal, branch-based approach obsolete. We believe we have reduced this risk by offering on-line banking services to our customers, and by continuing to provide 24-hour banking services. There can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful in preventing the loss of customers to competitors.

Regulation and Supervision
 
The following discussion is only intended to provide summaries of significant statutes and regulations that affect the banking industry and is therefore not complete. Changes in applicable laws or regulations, and in the policies of regulators, may have a material effect on our business and prospects. We cannot accurately predict the nature or extent of the effects on our business and earnings that fiscal or monetary policies, or new federal or state laws, may have in the future.
 
General
 
We are extensively regulated under federal and state law. These laws and regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors, not shareowners. The discussion below describes and summarizes certain statutes and regulations. These descriptions and summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the particular statute or regulation. Changes in applicable laws or regulations may have a material effect on our business and prospects. Our operations may also be affected by changes in the policies of banking and other government regulators. We cannot accurately predict the nature or extent of the possible future effects on our business and earnings of changes in fiscal or monetary policies, or new federal or state laws and regulations.
 


Compliance
 
In order to assure that we are in compliance with the laws and regulations that apply to our operations, including those summarized below, we employ a compliance officer, and we engage an independent compliance auditing firm. We are regularly reviewed or audited by the Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, (or “FDIC”), and the Washington Department of Financial Institutions, Division of Banks, (or “DFI”), during which reviews such agencies assess our compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Based on the assessments of our outside compliance consultants and governmental agencies, we believe that we materially comply with all of the laws and regulations that apply to our operations.
 
Federal Bank Holding Company Regulation
 
General: Frontier Financial Corporation, Inc. is a registered financial holding company as defined in the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or the Bank Holding Company Act, and is therefore subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve. In general, the Bank Holding Company Act limits the business of bank holding companies to owning or controlling banks and engaging in other activities closely related to banking. FFC must file reports with the Federal Reserve and must provide it with such additional information as it may require.
 
The Federal Reserve may require FFC to terminate an activity or terminate control or liquidate or divest certain subsidiaries, affiliates or investments when the Federal Reserve believes the activity or the control of the subsidiary or affiliates constitutes a significant risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of any of its banking subsidiaries.
 
The Federal Reserve also has the authority to regulate provisions of certain bank holding company debt, including the authority to impose interest ceilings and reserve requirements on such debt. Under certain circumstances, FFC must file written notice and obtain Federal Reserve approval prior to purchasing or redeeming its equity securities. Additionally, FFC is required by the Federal Reserve to maintain certain levels of capital. See “Capital Adequacy” below for a discussion of the applicable federal capital requirements.
 
Financial Holding Company Status: Under the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, a bank holding company may apply to the Federal Reserve to become a financial holding company, and thereby engage (directly or through a subsidiary) in certain activities deemed financial in nature. FFC’s election of financial holding company status was effective October 28, 2000.
 
As a financial holding company, FFC may affiliate with securities firms and insurance companies and engage in other activities that are financial in nature or are incidental or complementary to activities that are financial in nature. “Financial in nature” activities include:
 
•  
securities underwriting;
 
•  
dealing and market making;
 
•  
sponsoring mutual funds and investment companies;
 
•  
insurance underwriting and brokerage;
 
•  
merchant banking; and
 
•  
activities that the Federal Reserve, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, determines from time to time to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.
 


In order to become or remain a financial holding company, the Bank must be well capitalized, well managed, and, except in limited circumstances, in satisfactory compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. Failure to sustain compliance with such requirements or correct any noncompliance within a fixed time period could lead to divesture of subsidiary banks or require us to conform all of our activities to those permissible for a bank holding company. A bank holding company that is not also a financial holding company can only engage in banking and such other activities determined by the Federal Reserve to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.
 
We do not believe that the Financial Services Modernization Act will negatively affect our operations in the short term. However, to the extent the legislation permits banks, securities firms and insurance companies to affiliate, the financial services industry may experience further consolidation. This consolidation could result in a growing number of larger financial institutions that offer a wider variety of financial services than we currently offer, and these companies may be able to aggressively compete in the markets we currently serve.
 
Acquisition of Banks: The Bank Holding Company Act requires every bank holding company to obtain the Federal Reserve Board’s prior approval before:
 
•  
acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank if, after the acquisition, the bank holding company will directly or indirectly own or control more than 5% of the bank’s voting shares;
 
•  
acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of any bank; or
 
•  
merging or consolidating with any other bank holding company.
 
Additionally, the Bank Holding Company Act provides that the Federal Reserve Board may not approve any of these transactions if it would result in or tend to create a monopoly, substantially lessen competition or otherwise function as a restraint of trade, unless the anti-competitive effects of the proposed transaction are clearly outweighed by the public interest in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served. The Federal Reserve Board is also required to consider the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the bank holding companies and banks concerned and the convenience and needs of the community to be served. The Federal Reserve Board’s consideration of financial resources generally focuses on capital adequacy, which is discussed below.
 
Restrictions on Ownership of FFC: The Bank Holding Company Act requires any “bank holding company” (as defined in that Act) to obtain the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System prior to acquiring more than 5% of our outstanding common stock. Any person other than a bank holding company is required to obtain prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board to acquire 10% or more of our outstanding common stock under the Change in Bank Control Act. Any holder of 25% or more of our outstanding common stock, other than an individual, is subject to regulation as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act.
 
Holding Company Control of Nonbanks: With some exceptions, the Bank Holding Company Act also prohibits a bank holding company from acquiring or retaining direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company which is not a bank or bank holding company, or from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks, or providing services for its subsidiaries. The principal exceptions to these prohibitions involve certain non-bank activities which, by statute or by Federal Reserve regulation or order, have been identified as activities closely related to the business of banking or of managing or controlling banks.
 
Transactions with Affiliates: Subsidiary banks of a bank holding company are subject to restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on extensions of credit to the holding company or its subsidiaries, on investments in their securities and on the use of their securities as collateral for loans to any borrower. These regulations and restrictions may limit our ability to obtain funds from the Bank for our cash needs, including funds for payment of dividends, interest and operational expenses.
 
Tying Arrangements: We are prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in connection with any extension of credit, sale or lease of property or furnishing of services. For example, with certain exceptions, neither FFC nor the Bank may condition an extension of credit to a customer on either: (i) a requirement that the customer obtain additional services provided by us; or (ii) an agreement by the customer to refrain from obtaining other services from a competitor.
 


Support of Subsidiary Banks: Under Federal Reserve policy, FFC is expected to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to the Bank. This means that FFC is required to commit, as necessary, resources to support the Bank. Any capital loans a bank holding company makes to its subsidiary banks are subordinate to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of those subsidiary banks.
 
Federal and State Regulation of the Bank
 
General: The Bank is a Washington chartered commercial bank with deposits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). As a result, the Bank is subject to supervision and regulation by the Washington DFI and the FDIC. These agencies have the authority to prohibit banks from engaging in what they believe constitute unsafe or unsound banking practices.
 
Lending Limits: Washington banking law generally limits the amount of funds that a bank may lend to a single borrower to 20% of stockowners’ equity.
 
Control of Financial Institutions: The acquisition of 25% or more of a state chartered bank’s voting power by any individual, group or entity, is deemed a change in control under Washington banking law, requiring notice and application and prior approval of the DFI.
 
Community Reinvestment: The Community Reinvestment Act requires that, in connection with examinations of financial institutions within their jurisdiction, the FDIC evaluate the record of the financial institution in meeting the credit needs of its local communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of the institution. These factors are also considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility.
 
Insider Credit Transactions: Banks are also subject to certain FDIC restrictions on extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, principal shareholders or any related interests of such persons (i.e., insiders). Extensions of credit: (i) must be made on substantially the same terms and pursuant to the same credit underwriting procedures as those for comparable transactions with persons who are neither insiders nor employees; and (ii) must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. Banks are also subject to certain lending limits and restrictions on overdrafts to insiders. A violation of these restrictions may result in regulatory sanctions on the bank or its insiders.
 
Regulation of Management: Federal law sets forth circumstances under which officers or directors of a bank may be removed by the institution’s federal supervisory agency. Federal law also prohibits management personnel of a bank from serving as a director or in a management position of another financial institution whose assets exceed a specified amount or which has an office within a specified geographic area.
 
Safety and Soundness Standards: Federal law imposes upon banks certain noncapital safety and soundness standards. These standards cover internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation and benefits. Additional standards apply to asset quality, earnings and stock valuation. An institution that fails to meet these standards must develop a plan acceptable to its regulators, specifying the steps that the institution will take to meet the standards. Failure to submit or implement such a plan may subject the institution to regulatory sanctions. Under Washington state law, if the stockowners’ equity of a Washington state-chartered bank becomes impaired, the Commissioner of the Washington DFI will require the bank to make the impairment good. Failure to make the impairment good may result in the Commissioner’s taking possession of the bank and liquidating it.
 
Dividends: The principal source of FFC cash reserves are dividends received from the Bank. Washington law limits the Bank’s ability to pay cash dividends. Under these restrictions, a bank may not declare or pay any dividend greater than its retained earnings without approval of the Washington DFI. The Washington DFI has the power to require any state-chartered bank to suspend the payment of any and all dividends.
 
In addition, a bank may not pay cash dividends if doing so would reduce its capital below minimum applicable federal capital requirements. See “Capital Adequacy” below for a discussion of the applicable federal capital requirements.
 
Other Regulations: The loan operations of the Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates.
 


Federal Laws Applicable to Credit Transactions: The Bank’s loan operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:
 
•  
Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;
 
•  
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;
 
•  
Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;
 
•  
Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1978, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies;
 
•  
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies;
 
•  
Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, which amended the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act of 1940, governing the repayment terms of, and property rights underlying, secured obligations of persons in military service; and
 
•  
Rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing these federal laws.
 
Federal Laws Applicable to Deposit Operations: The Bank’s deposit operations are subject to:
 
•  
the Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records; and
 
•  
the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E issued by the Federal Reserve Board to implement that act, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services.
 
Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act: Also known as Check 21, which gives “substitute checks,” such as a digital image of a check and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check; allows check truncation without making it mandatory; requires that financial institutions communicate to accountholders in writing a description of its substitute check processing program and their rights under the law; legalizes substitutions for and replacements of paper checks without agreement from consumers; retaining in place the previously mandated electronic collection and return of checks between financial institutions only when individual agreements are in place; requires that when accountholders request verification, financial institutions produce the original check (or a copy that accurately represents the original) and demonstrate that the account debit was accurate and valid; and requires recrediting of funds to an individual’s account on the next business day after a consumer proves that the financial institution has erred.
 
Federal Home Loan Bank System: The Federal Home Loan Bank system, of which the Bank is a member, consists of 12 regional FHLBs governed and regulated by the Federal Housing Finance Board (“FHFB”). The FHLB’s serve as reserve or credit facilities for member institutions within their assigned regions. They are funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system. They make loans (i.e., advances) to members in accordance with policies and procedures established by the FHLB and the boards of directors of each regional FHLB.
 
As a system member, the Bank is entitled to borrow from the FHLB of its region and is required to own a certain amount of capital stock in the FHLB. The Bank is in compliance with the stock ownership rules described above with respect to such advances, commitments and letters of credit and home mortgage loans and similar obligations. All loans, advances and other extensions of credit made by the FHLB to the Bank are secured by a portion of its mortgage loan portfolio, certain other investments and the capital stock of the FHLB held by the Bank.
 


Mortgage Banking Operations: The Bank is subject to the rules and regulations of FHA, VA, FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA with respect to originating, processing, selling and servicing mortgage loans and the issuance and sale of mortgage-backed securities. Those rules and regulations, among other things, prohibit discrimination and establish underwriting guidelines which include provisions for inspections and appraisals require credit reports on prospective borrowers and fix maximum loan amounts, and, with respect to VA loans, fix maximum interest rates. Mortgage origination activities are subject to, among others, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Federal Truth-in-Lending Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and the regulations promulgated there under which, among other things, prohibit discrimination and require the disclosure of certain basic information to mortgagors concerning credit terms and settlement costs.
 
Commercial Real Estate Guidance: The FDIC and the Federal Reserve Board issued joint Guidance on Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices on December 6, 2006. The Guidance provides supervisory criteria, including the following numerical indicators, to assist bank examiners in identifying banks with potentially significant commercial real estate loan concentrations that may warrant greater supervisory scrutiny: (1) commercial real estate loans exceed 300% of capital and increased 50% or more in the preceding three years; or (2) construction and land development loans exceed 100% of capital. The Guidance does not limit banks’ levels of commercial real estate lending activities. The Guidance applies to the Bank, based on our current loan portfolio. We believe that our loan portfolio has been subject to rigorous examination by banking regulators and our own credit review function and that we have taken appropriate precautions to address the risks associated with our concentrations in commercial real estate lending. We do not expect the Guidance to adversely affect our operations or our ability to execute our business strategy.
 
Privacy
 
Federal banking rules limit the ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose nonpublic information about consumers to nonaffiliated third-parties. Pursuant to these rules, financial institutions must provide:
 
•  
initial notices to customers about their privacy policies, describing the conditions under which they may disclose nonpublic personal information to nonaffiliated third-parties and affiliates;
 
•  
annual notices of their privacy policies to current customers; and
 
•  
a reasonable method for customers to “opt out” of disclosures to nonaffiliated third-parties.
 
These privacy provisions affect how consumer information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and conveyed to outside vendors. We have implemented privacy policies to comply with these requirements.
 
Interstate Banking and Branching
 
The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (“Interstate Act”) permits nationwide interstate banking and branching under certain circumstances. This legislation generally authorizes interstate branching and relaxes federal law restrictions on interstate banking. Currently, bank holding companies may purchase banks in any state, and states may not prohibit these purchases. Additionally, banks are permitted to merge with banks in other states, as long as the home state of neither merging bank has opted out under the legislation. The Interstate Act requires regulators to consult with community organizations before permitting an interstate institution to close a branch in a low-income area.
 
FDIC regulations prohibit banks from using their interstate branches primarily for deposit production. The FDIC has implemented a loan-to-deposit ratio screen to ensure compliance with this prohibition.
 
Washington enacted “opting in” legislation in accordance with the Interstate Act, allowing banks to engage in interstate merger transactions, subject to certain “aging” requirements. Until recently, Washington restricted out-of-state banks from opening de novo branches; however, in 2005, Washington interstate branching laws were amended so that an out-of-state bank may, subject to the DFI’s approval, open de novo branches in Washington or acquire an in-state branch so long as the home state of the out-of-state bank has reciprocal laws with respect to de novo branching or branch acquisitions. Once an out-of-state bank has acquired a bank within Washington, either through merger or acquisition of all or substantially all of the bank’s assets or through authorized de novo branching, the out-of-state bank may open additional branches within the state.
 


Deposit Insurance
 
Our deposits are generally insured to a maximum of $100,000 per depositor through the Deposit Insurance Fund administered by the FDIC. We are required to pay deposit insurance premiums, which are assessed semiannually and paid quarterly. The premium amount is based upon a risk classification system established by the FDIC. Banks with higher levels of capital and a low degree of supervisory concern are assessed lower premiums than banks with lower levels of capital or a higher degree of supervisory concern.
 
The FDIC is also empowered to make special assessments on insured depository institutions in amounts determined by the FDIC to be necessary to give it adequate assessment income to repay amounts borrowed from the U.S. Treasury and other sources or for any other purpose the FDIC deems necessary.
 
Recent legislative reform to modernize the Federal Deposit Insurance System, merged the Bank Insurance Fund and the Savings Association Insurance Fund into a new Deposit Insurance Fund, and also:
 
•  
raised the deposit insurance limit on certain retirement accounts to $250,000 and indexes that limit for inflation;
 
•  
required the FDIC and National Credit Union Administration boards, starting in 2010 and every succeeding five years, to consider raising the standard maximum deposit insurance; and
 
•  
eliminated the current fixed 1.25 percent Designated Reserve Ratio (“DRR”) and provided the FDIC with the discretion to set the DRR within a range of 1.15 to 1.50 percent for any given year.
 
Capital Adequacy
 
Regulatory Capital Guidelines: Federal bank regulatory agencies use capital adequacy guidelines in the examination and regulation of bank holding companies and banks. The guidelines are “risk-based,” meaning that they are designed to make capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banks and bank holding companies.
 
Tier I and Tier II Capital:  Under the guidelines, an institution’s capital is divided into two broad categories, Tier I capital and Tier II capital. Tier I capital generally consists of common stockowners’ equity, surplus and undivided profits. Tier II capital generally consists of the allowance for loan losses, hybrid capital instruments, and subordinated debt. The sum of Tier I capital and Tier II capital represents an institution’s total capital. The guidelines require that at least 50% of an institution’s total capital consist of Tier I capital.
 
Risk-based Capital Ratio: The adequacy of an institution’s capital is gauged primarily with reference to the institution’s risk weighted assets. The guidelines assign risk weightings to an institution’s assets in an effort to quantify the relative risk of each asset and to determine the minimum capital required to support that risk. An institution’s risk weighted assets are then compared with its Tier I capital and total capital to arrive at a Tier I risk-based ratio and a total risk-based ratio, respectively. The guidelines provide that an institution must have a minimum Tier I risk-based ratio of 4% and a minimum total risk-based ratio of 8%.
 
Leverage Ratio: The guidelines also employ a leverage ratio, which is Tier I capital as a percentage of total assets less intangibles, to be used as a supplement to risk-based guidelines. The principal objective of the leverage ratio is to constrain the maximum degree to which a bank holding company may leverage its equity capital base. The minimum leverage ratio is 3%; however, for all but the most highly rated bank holding companies and for bank holding companies seeking to expand, regulators generally expect an additional cushion of at least 1% to 2%.
 
Prompt Corrective Action: Under the guidelines, an institution is assigned to one of five capital categories depending on its total risk-based capital ratio, Tier I risk-based capital ratio, and leverage ratio, together with certain subjective factors. The categories range from “well capitalized” to “critically undercapitalized.” Institutions that are deemed to be undercapitalized, depending on the category to which they are assigned, are subject to certain mandatory supervisory corrective actions.
 


State Corporate Law Restrictions
 
As a Washington corporation, we are subject to certain limitations and restrictions under applicable Washington corporate law. For example, state law restrictions in Washington include limitations and restrictions relating to indemnification of directors; distributions to shareowners; transactions involving directors, officers, or interested shareowners; maintenance of books, records, and minutes; and observance of certain corporate formalities.
 
Corporate Governance and Accounting Legislation
 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: On July 30, 2002, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or SOX, was signed into law to address corporate and accounting fraud.  SOX established a new accounting oversight board that enforces auditing standards and restricts the scope of services that accounting firms may provide to their public company audit clients. Among other things, SOX also: (i) requires chief executive officers and chief financial officers to certify to the accuracy of periodic reports filed with the SEC; (ii) imposes new disclosure requirements regarding internal controls, off-balance-sheet transactions, and pro forma (nonGAAP) disclosures; (iii) accelerates the time frame for reporting of insider transactions and periodic disclosures by public companies; and (iv) requires companies to disclose whether or not they have adopted a code of ethics for senior financial officers and whether the audit committee includes at least one “audit committee financial expert.”
 
Under SOX, the SEC is required to regularly and systematically review corporate filings, based on certain enumerated factors. To deter wrongdoing, SOX: (i) subjects bonuses issued to top executives to disgorgement if a restatement of a company’s financial statements was due to corporate misconduct; (ii) prohibits an officer or director from misleading or coercing an auditor; (iii) prohibits insider trades during pension fund “blackout periods”; (iv) imposes new criminal penalties for fraud and other wrongful acts; and (v) extends the period during which certain securities fraud lawsuits can be brought against a company or its officers.
 
As a public reporting company, we are subject to the requirements of SOX and related rules and regulations issued by the SEC and NASDAQ.
 
Anti-terrorism Legislation
 
USA Patriot Act of 2001:  Among other things, the Patriot Act: (i) prohibits banks from providing correspondent accounts directly to foreign shell banks; (ii) imposes due diligence requirements on banks opening or holding accounts for foreign financial institutions or wealthy foreign individuals; (iii) requires financial institutions to establish an anti-money-laundering compliance program; and (iv) eliminates civil liability for persons who file suspicious activity reports. The Patriot Act also increased governmental powers to investigate terrorism, including expanded government access to account records. The Department of the Treasury is empowered to administer and make rules to implement the Patriot Act.
 
Effects of Government Monetary Policy
 
Our earnings and growth are affected not only by general economic conditions, but also by the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government, particularly the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve can and does implement national monetary policy for such purposes as curbing inflation and combating recession. The nature and impact of future changes in monetary policies and their impact on us cannot be predicted with certainty.
 
Nonbank Subsidiary
 
Our nonbank subsidiary, FFP, Inc., a Washington corporation, is subject to the laws and regulations of both the federal government and any states in which it conducts business.
 
Employees

At December 31, 2007, we had 809 full-time employees, of which 802 were employed in our wholly-owned subsidiary, Frontier Bank, and 7 were engaged in our bank holding company, Frontier Financial Corporation.  The employees are not represented by a collective bargaining unit.  We believe our relationship with employees is good.




Corporate Information

We make available through our Internet website, free of charge, copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material electronically or otherwise furnishing it to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These filings can be accessed under “Investor Relations” found on the homepage of our website at www.frontierbank.com. Our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, which includes a code of ethics applicable to our accounting and financial employees, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is also available on our website under “Investor Relations.” These filings are also accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Further, each of these documents is also available in print (at no charge) to any shareholder upon request, addressed to:

Investor Relations
Frontier Financial Corporation
332 S.W. Everett Mall Way
P.O. Box 2215
Everett, WA 98213

Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.








RISK FACTORS

In addition to general investment risks and the other information contained in this report or incorporated by reference, including the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, “Forward Looking Statements” and “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, before investing in our common shares, you should carefully consider the risks described below.  Any of these risks could significantly and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. If one or more of these risks and uncertainties is realized, the trading price of our common shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

Risks Related To Our Business

We Are Subject To Interest Rate Risk

Our earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon our net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on interest-earning assets such as loans and securities and interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including but not limited to; general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the amount of interest we receive on loans and securities and the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could also affect our ability to originate loans and obtain deposits as well as the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities. If the interest we pay on deposits and other borrowings increases at a faster rate than the interest we receive on loans and other investments, our net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely effected. Earnings could also be adversely affected if the interest we receive on loans and other investments fall more quickly than the interest we pay on deposits and other borrowings.

Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce the potential effects of changes in interest rates on our results of operations, any substantial, unexpected and/or prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Additional information regarding how we manage our interest rate risk is included in Item 7A of this report captioned “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

We Are Subject To Credit Risk, Particularly With Respect To Our High Concentration of Construction, Land Development and Other Real Estate Loans

There are inherent risks associated with our lending activities. These risks include, among other things, the impact of changes in interest rates and changes in the economic conditions in the markets where we operate and the customers we serve. Increases in interest rates and/or weakening economic conditions could adversely impact the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or the value of the collateral securing these loans. We also are subject to various laws and regulations that affect our lending activities. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could subject us to regulatory enforcement action that could result in the assessment against us of civil money or other penalties.

As of December 31, 2007, approximately 87.0% of our loan portfolio consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate, including commercial, construction, land development, completed lot loans and mortgage loans. Approximately 59.0% of these real estate loans as of December 31, 2007, consisted of real estate construction, land development and completed lot loans, which have a higher degree of risk than long-term financing of existing properties because repayment generally depends on the completion of the project and usually on the sale of the property. While as of the date of this report the economy generally remains good in our primary market of western Washington, the housing market has slowed recently, with weaker demand for housing, higher inventory levels and longer marketing times. A downturn in housing, or the real estate market, could increase loan delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures, and significantly impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure. The real estate collateral in each case provides an alternate source of repayment in the event of default by the borrower and may deteriorate in value during the time the credit is extended. If real estate values decline, it is also more likely that we would be required to increase our allowance for loan losses. If during a period of reduced real estate values we are required to liquidate the property collateralizing a loan to satisfy the debt or to increase our allowance for loan losses, it could materially reduce our profitability and adversely affect our financial condition. Although we closely monitor and manage risk concentrations and utilize various portfolio management practices, our loan portfolio contains a number of real estate loans with relatively large balances. The deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant


 
increase in nonperforming loans, and an increase in overall nonperforming loans could result in a net loss of earnings, an increase in the provision for loan losses and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Additional information regarding credit risk is included in the section “Loans” beginning on page 26 of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this report.

Our Allowance for Loan Losses May Not Be Adequate to Cover Actual Losses

A significant source of risk arises from the possibility that we could sustain losses due to loan defaults and non-performance on loans. We maintain an allowance for loan losses in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States to provide for such defaults and other non-performance. As of December 31, 2007, our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans was 1.49%. The determination of the appropriate level of loan loss allowance is an inherently difficult process and is based on numerous assumptions. The amount of future losses is susceptible to changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, which may be beyond our control. In addition, our underwriting policies, adherence to credit monitoring processes, and risk management systems and controls may not prevent unexpected losses. Our allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses. Moreover, any increase in our allowance for loan losses will adversely affect our earnings. Further, bank regulatory agencies and our independent auditors periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require an increase in the provision for loan losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments that can differ somewhat from those of our own management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses, we will need additional provisions to increase the allowance for loan losses, which should they become necessary, would result in a decrease in net income and capital, and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses is included in the section “Allowance for Loan Losses” beginning on page 27 of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this report.

We Are Subject To Liquidity Risk

Market conditions or other events could negatively affect the level or cost of liquidity, affecting our ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, meet contractual obligations, and fund asset growth and new business transactions at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner and without adverse consequences. Management has implemented strategies to maintain sufficient and diverse sources of funding to accommodate planned as well as unanticipated changes in assets and liabilities under both normal and adverse conditions.  However, substantial, unexpected and/or prolonged changes in the level or cost of liquidity could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Additional information regarding liquidity risk is included in the section captioned “Liquidity and Capital Resources” beginning on page 36 of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this report.

We Are Subject To Operational Risk, Which May Result in Incurring Financial and Reputation Losses

We are exposed to many types of operational risk, including the risk of fraud by employees or outsiders, the risk of operational errors, including clerical or record-keeping errors or those resulting from faulty or disabled computer or telecommunications systems. Given our high volume of transactions, certain errors may be repeated or compounded before they are discovered and successfully corrected. Our dependence upon automated systems to record and process transactions may further increase the risk that technical system flaws or employee tampering with or manipulation of those systems will result in losses that are difficult to detect.

We may be subject to disruptions of our systems, arising from events that are wholly or partially beyond our control (including, for example, computer viruses or electrical or telecommunications outages), which may give rise to losses in service to customers and to financial loss or liability. We are further exposed to the risk that our external vendors may be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations (or will be subject to the same risk of fraud or operational errors by their respective employees as we are) and to the risk that our (or our vendors’) business continuity and data security systems prove to be inadequate.

Our Profitability Depends Significantly On Economic Conditions in Western Washington and Oregon.

Our success depends primarily on the general economic conditions of the markets in which we operate, principally western Washington, which have an impact on the demand for our products and services as well as the ability of our customers to repay loans, the value of the collateral securing loans and the stability of our deposit funding sources. A significant decline in national or regional economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences, unemployment, changes in securities markets or other factors could also impact our markets  and in turn, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.


 
We Operate In a Highly Competitive Industry and Market Area

We face substantial competition in all areas of our operations from a variety of different competitors, many of which are larger and may have more financial resources. Such competitors primarily include national and super-regional banks, as well as smaller community banks within the various markets in which we operate. Some of these competitors have substantially greater resources and lending limits than we do, have greater name recognition and market presence that benefit them in attracting business, and offer certain services that we do not or cannot provide.  In addition, larger competitors may be able to price loans and deposits more aggressively than we do. However, we also face competition from many other types of financial institutions, including without limitation: savings associations, credit unions, mortgage banking companies, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, investment management firms, investment banking firms, broker-dealers and other local, regional and national financial services firms. The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. Also, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for nonbanks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks.

Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things:

·  
Our ability to develop and execute strategic plans and initiatives.
 
·  
Our ability to develop, maintain and build upon long-term customer relationships based on quality service, high ethical standards and safe, sound assets.

·  
Our ability to expand our market position.

·  
The scope, relevance and pricing of the products and services we offer to meet customer needs and demands.

·  
The rate at which we introduce new products and services relative to our competitors.

·  
Industry and general economic trends.

·  
Our ability to attract and retain qualified employees.

·  
Our ability to respond to and resolve unexpected legal, regulatory or other compliance issues.

 
Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken our competitive position, which could adversely affect our growth and profitability and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We are Subject to Extensive Government Regulation and Supervision

We are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local governmental authorities and are subject to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements and restrictions on part or all of our operations. Because our business is highly regulated, the laws, rules and regulations applicable to us are subject to regular modification and change. For example, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve Board issued joint Guidance on Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices that sets forth supervisory criteria to assist bank examiners in identifying banks with potentially significant commercial real estate loan concentrations that may warrant greater supervisory scrutiny. The Guidance applies to the Bank, based on our current loan portfolio, and we expect that our business and operations will be subject to enhanced regulatory review for the foreseeable future. Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or changes to the existing regulatory structure, could adversely effect our business, financial condition and results of operations.



We Are Exposed to Risk of Environmental Liabilities With Respect to Properties to Which We Take Title

Approximately 87.0% of our outstanding loan portfolio at December 31, 2007 was secured by real estate. In the course of our business, we may foreclose and take title to real estate, and could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. We may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third-parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial. In addition, if we are the owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third-parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. If we ever become subject to significant environmental liabilities, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

If We Fail to Maintain an Effective System of Internal Control over Financial Reporting, We May Not Be Able to Accurately Report Our Financial Results or Prevent Fraud

In connection with the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ("Act") and the implementation of the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, we document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Act. This requires us to prepare an annual management report on our internal control over financial reporting, including among other matters, management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and an attestation report by our independent auditors addressing these assessments. If we fail to identify and correct any significant deficiencies in the design or operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting or fail to prevent fraud, current and potential shareholders and depositors could lose confidence in our internal controls and financial reporting, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, the trading price of our stock and our ability to attract additional deposits.

We Rely On Dividends from Our Subsidiaries for Most of Our Revenue

Frontier Financial Corporation is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. It receives substantially all of its revenue from dividends from its subsidiaries. These dividends are the principal source of funds to pay dividends on our common shares. Various laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that Frontier Bank may pay to Frontier Financial Corporation. In the event Frontier Bank is unable to pay dividends to Frontier Financial Corporation, we may not be able pay dividends on our common shares. The inability to receive dividends from Frontier Bank could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additional information regarding dividend restrictions is included in the section captioned “Regulation and Supervision” in Item 1, Business, on page 5 of this report.

Potential Acquisitions May Disrupt Our Business and Dilute Shareowner Value

Acquiring other banks or financial institutions or financial service companies involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things:

·  
Potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities of the acquired company.

·  
Exposure to potential asset quality issues of the acquired company.
 
·  
Difficulty and expense of integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired company.

·  
Potential disruption to our business.

·  
Potential diversion of our management’s time and attention.

·  
The possible loss of key employees and customers of the acquired company.

·  
Difficulty in estimating the value (including goodwill) of the acquired company.

·  
Difficulty in estimating the fair value of acquired assets, liabilities and derivatives of the acquired company.

·  
Potential changes in banking or tax laws or regulations that may affect the acquired company.


 
We regularly evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities and conduct due diligence activities related to possible transactions with other financial institutions.   As a result, merger or acquisition discussions and, in some cases, negotiations may take place and future mergers or acquisitions involving cash, debt or equity securities may occur at any time. Acquisitions typically involve the payment of a premium over book and market values, and, therefore, some dilution of our tangible book value and net income per common share may occur in connection with any future transaction. Furthermore, failure to realize the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence or market share, and/or other projected benefits from an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We May Not Be Able To Attract and Retain Skilled People

Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in most activities in which we are engaged can be intense and we may not be able to hire or retain the people we want and/or need.  The unexpected loss of services of one or more of our key personnel could occur, and such events may have a material adverse impact on our business because of the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel and the loss of the employee’s skills, knowledge of our market and years of industry experience.

Our Information Systems May Experience an Interruption or Breach in Security

We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Any failure, interruption or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in our customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan and other systems. While we have policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the possible failure, interruption or security breach of our information systems, there can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed. The occurrence of any failures, interruptions or security breaches of our information systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We Continually Encounter Technological Change

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Our largest competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

We Are Subject To Claims and Litigation

From time to time, customers and/or vendors may make claims and take legal action against us. Whether these claims and legal action are founded or unfounded, if such claims and legal actions are not resolved in our favor they may result in significant financial liability and/or adversely affect how the market perceives us and our products and services as well as impact customer demand for those products and services. Any financial liability or reputation damage could have a material adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our Earnings May Be Affected By Changes in Accounting Principles and Tax Laws

Changes in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles could have a significant adverse effect on Frontier Financial Corporation’s reported financial results. Although these changes may not have an economic impact on our business, they could affect our ability to attain targeted levels for certain performance or regulatory measures.

We are subject to tax laws, rules and regulations. Changes to tax laws, rules and regulations, including changes in the interpretation or implementation of tax laws, rules and regulations by the Internal Revenue Service or other governmental bodies, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways. Such changes could subject us to additional costs, among other things. Failure to appropriately comply with tax laws, rules and regulations could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties and/or reputation damage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.


 
Severe Weather, Natural Disasters, Acts of War or Terrorism and Other External Events Could Significantly Impact Our Business

Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on our ability to conduct business. Such events could affect the stability of our deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue, interrupt our information systems, and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. Although management has established disaster recovery plans and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Associated With Our Common Shares

Our Share Price Can Be Volatile

Share price volatility may make it more difficult to resell our common stock when desired or at prices deemed satisfactory. Our share price can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors including, among other things:

·  
Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly results of operations.

·  
Recommendations by securities analysts.

·  
Operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to our business.

·  
News reports relating to trends, concerns and other issues in or affecting the financial services industry.

·  
Perceptions of us and/or our competitors in the marketplace.

·  
New technology used, or services offered, by our competitors, or ourselves.

·  
Significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments entered into by us or our competitors.

·  
Failure to integrate acquisitions or realize anticipated benefits from acquisitions.

·  
Changes in government regulations.

·  
Geopolitical conditions such as acts or threats of terrorism or military conflicts.

General market fluctuations, industry factors and general economic and political conditions and events, such as economic slowdowns or recessions, interest rate changes or credit loss trends, could also cause our share price to increase or decrease regardless of operating results.




UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

PROPERTIES

Our principal office is located in a forty-five thousand square foot facility in Everett, Washington.  We are in the process of constructing a forty-five thousand square foot office facility addition adjacent to our principal office which will be used to consolidate our administrative functions.  We plan to occupy this new space in the second quarter of 2008.  Our data processing and operations center are located in a sixteen thousand square foot facility located in Everett, Washington.  In addition to our principal and administrative facilities, we operate 51 offices in western Washington and Oregon.

FFP, Inc., a real estate holding subsidiary, owns the properties and buildings housing our principal office, data processing and operations center and 29 of our branch facilities, including the branch in our principal office.  FFP, Inc. also owns the buildings in which three of our branches are located while the land is leased.  We lease the land and buildings for twenty of our branch offices.  The leases on our branch offices have expiration dates ranging from 2008 to 2034.

The aggregate monthly rental on our leased properties is $157 thousand.
 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We currently, and from time to time, are subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. The ultimate resolution of currently pending proceedings is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SHAREOWNERS

No matters were submitted to shareowners during the fourth quarter of 2007.




MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREOWNER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

(a)  Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “FTBK.”  The high and low sales prices of our common stock, by quarter, in the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, are as follows:

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2007
 
2006
 
High
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
First Quarter
$ 29.97   $ 24.71   $ 22.43   $ 20.38
Second Quarter
  26.92     22.21     23.96     20.82
Third Quarter
  26.17     20.17     28.00     21.78
Fourth Quarter
  25.14     17.50     31.33     25.36

(b)  We only have one class of stock outstanding, which is common stock.  At February 25, 2008, there were 46,991,940 shares outstanding and there were 13,383 holders of record of our common stock.  The principal market for our common stock is The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC.

(c)  The table below indicates the cash dividends paid on each share of our common stock in the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:

Dividend Declared
Record Date
Payment Date
$ 0.155
January 9, 2007
January 22, 2007
  0.160
April 10, 2007
April 24, 2007
  0.165
July 10, 2007
July 24, 2007
  0.170
October 9, 2007
October 23, 2007
       
$ 0.113
January 9, 2006
January 24, 2006
  0.117
April 11, 2006
April 24, 2006
  0.120
July 10, 2006
July 24, 2006
  0.150
October 10, 2006
October 24, 2006


(d)  On August 16, 2006, the Board of Directors announced the adoption of a stock repurchase plan authorizing us to repurchase 2,263,323 shares of common stock outstanding.  This plan expires August 2008.  Common stock repurchases in the fourth quarter of 2007 were as follows:

Period
(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased
 
(b) Average Price Paid per Share
 
(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan
 
(d) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans
October 1 to October 31, 2007
  -     -         809,922
November 1 to November 30, 2007
  377,987   $ 18.90     1,831,388     431,935
December 1 to December 31, 2007
  -     -     -      
Total
  377,987   $ 18.90     1,831,388      


We also have certain stock option and restricted stock plans which provide for the payment of the option exercise price or withholding taxes by tendering previously owned or recently vested shares.  For the year ended December 31, 2007, 2,760 shares were tendered in connection with option exercises.  Restricted shares cancelled to pay withholding taxes totaled 7,184 shares for the year ended December 31, 2007.



Five-Year Stock Performance Graph
Total Cumulative Return to Shareowners

The graph below provides an indicator of cumulative shareowner returns for the Corporation as compared with the Nasdaq Bank Index and the S&P 500 Index.
 
 



Index
12/31/03
12/31/04
12/31/05
12/31/06
12/31/07
Frontier Financial Corporation
$132.50
$157.16
$199.12
$276.24
$181.64
NASDAQ Bank Index
$128.64
$147.22
$143.81
$161.40
$127.93
S&P 500 Index
$128.72
$142.84
$147.13
$170.36
$179.71

The above presentation assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2002, in our common stock and each of the above indexes.



ITEM 6.                      SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

In Thousands, except per share amounts
                     
                       
% Change
 
AT YEAR-END
 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
2003
    2007-2006  
Total assets
  $ 3,995,689   $ 3,238,464   $ 2,640,275   $ 2,243,396   $ 2,075,393     23.4 %
Net loans
    3,558,127     2,867,351     2,355,419     1,945,324     1,742,160     24.1 %
Securities
    135,121     114,711     110,617     153,451     187,915     17.8 %
Deposits
    2,943,236     2,453,632     2,061,380     1,795,842     1,667,017     20.0 %
Shareowners' equity
    459,612     395,283     296,097     254,230     219,406     16.3 %
                                       
FOR THE YEAR
                                     
Interest income
  $ 299,672   $ 250,144   $ 178,886   $ 140,228   $ 135,201     19.8 %
Interest expense
    113,041     86,942     51,736     34,939     37,829     30.0 %
Net interest income
    186,631     163,202     127,150     105,289     97,372     14.4 %
Securities gains (losses)
    (937 )   (25 )   -     (44 )   190  
NM
 
Provision for loan losses
    11,400     7,500     4,200     3,500     4,250     52.0 %
Net income
    73,938     68,910     51,584     43,045     39,607     7.3 %
Basic earnings per share
  $ 1.63   $ 1.53   $ 1.21   $ 1.03   $ 0.95     6.5 %
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 1.62   $ 1.52   $ 1.21   $ 1.02   $ 0.94     6.6 %
Cash dividends declared
                                     
per common share
  $ 0.65   $ 0.50   $ 0.40   $ 0.34   $ 0.31     30.0 %
Dividend payout ratio
    40.1 %   32.9 %   33.1 %   33.3 %   33.0 %   21.9 %
Return on Average
                                     
  Assets
    2.13 %   2.27 %   2.09 %   1.98 %   1.96 %      
  Equity
    18.76 %   18.91 %   18.75 %   18.35 %   19.23 %      
Avg. equity/avg. assets
    11.36 %   11.98 %   11.16 %   10.76 %   10.21 %      
Efficiency Ratio
    37 %   38 %   41 %   42 %   41 %      




MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Frontier Financial Corporation (the “Corporation”), a Washington corporation, is a financial holding company owning all of the equity of its wholly owned subsidiaries, Frontier Bank (the "Bank") and FFP, Inc., a bank premises holding company.
 
Financial Highlights
 
For the year ended December 31, 2007, net income increased $5.0 million, or 7.3%, to $73.9 million, compared to net income of $68.9 for the year ended December 31, 2006.  Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2007, was $186.6 million, an increase of $23.4 million, or 14.4%, compared to $163.2 million for the prior year-end.  On a diluted per share basis, year-to-date net income for 2007 was $1.62 per share compared to $1.52 in 2006, an increase of 6.6%.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2006, net income increased $17.3 million, or 33.6%, to $68.9 million, compared to net income of $51.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.  The increase in net income is primarily attributable to a $36.1 million, or 28.4%, increase net interest income over the same period.  On a diluted per share basis, year-to-date net income for 2006 was $1.52 per share compared to $1.21 in 2005, an increase of 25.6%.
 
Total assets at December 31, 2007, totaled $4.0 billion, compared to $3.24 billion at December 31, 2006, and $2.64 billion at December 31, 2005.  In all three years, the growth in our total assets occurred principally in the loan portfolio.  At December 31, 2007, net loans totaled $3.56 billion, compared to $2.87 billion at December 31, 2006, an increase of $690.8 million, or 24.1%.  At December 31, 2006, net loans increased $511.9 million, or 21.7%, over the prior year end.
 
At December 31, 2007, nonperforming assets were 0.53% of total assets compared to 0.27% at December 31, 2006 and 0.19% at December 31, 2005.  Nonaccruing loans were $20.9 million at December 31, 2007, up from $8.7 million at December 31, 2006 and $4.9 million at December 31, 2005.  The ratio of loans past due over 30 days was 0.91% of total loans at December 31, 2007, compared to 0.44% at December 31, 2006 and 0.06% at December 31, 2005.

The total allowance for loan losses was $54.0 million, or 1.49% of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2007, compared to $40.6 million, or 1.40%, at December 31, 2006, and $33.8 million, or 1.41%, at December 31, 2005. For the year ended December 31, 2007, net loan charge-offs were $920 thousand or 0.03% of average loans.  This compares to net loan charge-offs of $2.9 million, or 0.11% of average loans, for the year ended December 31, 2006, and net recoveries of $147 thousand, or (0.01%) of average loans, for the year ended December 31, 2005.

During 2007, cash dividends of $29.0 million were paid to shareowners.  For the year ended December 31, 2007, we repurchased a total of 1,841,332 common shares.  Of this total, 1,831,388 common shares were repurchased at an average price of $24.16 per share under our Board approved repurchase plan.  We are authorized to repurchase up to 431,935 additional common shares under the plan at December 31, 2007.  There were no repurchases of common stock in 2006 or 2005.
 
We also have certain stock option and restricted stock plans which provide for the payment of the option exercise price or withholding taxes by tendering previously owned or recently vested shares.  For the year ended December 31, 2007, 2,760 shares were tendered in connection with option exercises.  Restricted shares cancelled to pay withholding taxes totaled 7,184 shares for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Business Combinations
 
On November 30, 2007, we completed our merger with Bank of Salem. The year-over-year growth comparison includes the Bank of Salem impact.  At closing, the Bank of Salem additions to our balance sheet included $199.8 million in loans, $8.6 million in investments, $169.5 million in deposits and $27.0 million in capital.
 
Branch Expansion
 
During 2007, we opened branches in Lacey, Bremerton, Gig Harbor and a loan production office in Vancouver, Washington.  In addition, we acquired branches in Portland, Salem and Tigard, Oregon as a result of our merger with Bank of Salem.  These activities result in 51 offices throughout Washington and Oregon.



Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Changes in these estimates and assumptions are considered reasonably possible and may have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and thus actual results could differ from the amounts reported and disclosed herein. We consider the allowance for loan loss a critical accounting policy subject to estimate.  For additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses, see “Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses” in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis and “Allowance for Loan Losses” in Note 1 in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our financial statements are based on the selection and application of significant accounting policies which require management to make significant estimates and assumptions (see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements).  We believe that the allowance for loan losses is one of the more critical judgment areas in the application of our accounting policies that affect financial condition and results of operations.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change, relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, deferred income taxes, and the valuation of stock options and valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans. In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the valuation of foreclosed assets held for sale, management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties.

Review of Financial Condition
 
General
 
At December 31, 2007, total assets were $4.00 billion, compared to $3.24 billion at December 31, 2006, and $2.64 billion at December 31, 2005.  Shareowners’ equity was $459.6 million at December 31, 2007, up from $395.3 million at December 31, 2006, and $296.1 million at December 31, 2005.
 
Securities
 
Securities increased $20.4 million, or 17.8%, to $135.1 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $114.7 million at December 31, 2006.  For the year ended December 31, 2007, we purchased approximately $93.7 million in available for sale securities, offset partially by sales, maturities and calls of approximately $70.4 million.  In addition, we obtained approximately $8.6 million of securities from the merger with Bank of Salem.
 
During the second quarter of 2007, we decided to withdraw our earlier decision to early adopt SFAS 157 and 159, effective January 1, 2007.  However, we proceeded with a balance sheet restructuring in which we sold $48.0 million of available for sale securities with a net realized pre-tax loss of $937 thousand. The securities chosen to be sold were those with the least attractive yield, cash flow and interest rate risk characteristics.  Approximately $40.0 million of new securities were purchased with an overall yield 173 basis points higher than the securities that were sold.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2006, securities increased $4.1 million, or 3.7%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2005.  For the year ended December 31, 2006, approximately 20% of the securities matured or were called; however, short term securities were purchased for collateral purposes, resulting in the slight increase.
 


The aggregate amortized costs of securities at December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
 
 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
Amortized
 
Amortized
 
Amortized
 
Cost
 
Cost
 
Cost
Equities
$ 27,606   $ 29,052   $ 23,400
U.S. Treasuries
  6,223     4,204     7,232
U.S. Agencies
  71,385     50,004     49,621
Corporate Bonds
  17,062     18,198     19,326
Municipal Bonds
  5,352     3,753     4,231
  $ 127,628   $ 105,211   $ 103,810

The following table sets forth the maturities of securities at amortized cost (in thousands) as of December 31, 2007.  Tax equivalent values are used in calculating weighted average yields, assuming a 35% tax rate.

       
After 1 Yr
   
After 5 Yrs
         
Totals &
 
 
Within
   
But Within
   
But Within
   
After
   
Weighted
 
 
1 Year/
   
5 Years/
   
10 Years/
   
10 Years/
   
Average
 
 
Yield
   
Yield
   
Yield
   
Yield
   
Yield
 
Equities
$ 21,681     $ -     $ -     $ 5,925     $ 27,606  
    3.47 %     -       -       3.32 %     2.50 %
                                       
U.S. Treasury
  5,972       -       251       -       6,223  
    4.98 %     -       7.20 %     -       5.07 %
                                       
U.S. Agencies
  6,978       34,550       29,857       -       71,385  
    4.54 %     4.74 %     5.47 %     -       5.03 %
                                       
Corporate Bonds
  7,996       5,024       -       4,042       17,062  
    4.07 %     5.38 %     -       10.19 %     5.91 %
                                       
Municipal Bonds
  814       3,382       1,130       26       5,352  
    7.72 %     5.81 %     5.40 %     5.05 %     6.01 %
  $ 43,441     $ 42,956     $ 31,238     $ 9,993     $ 127,628  
    4.04 %     4.90 %     5.48 %     6.10 %     4.84 %

 
Loans
 
The major classifications of loans, excluding loans held for resale and net of deferred loan fees, at December 31 are as follows (in thousands):

 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
2003
Commercial and industrial
$ 402,569   $ 380,939   $ 321,303   $ 301,961   $ 268,963
Real Estate:
                           
Commercial
  1,003,916     897,714     859,251     848,737     809,307
Construction
  1,062,662     735,926     554,021     342,287     296,568
Land development
  537,410     399,950     269,662     182,032     138,517
Completed lots
  249,573     188,032     143,652     84,102     72,787
Residential 1-4 family
  282,344     235,169     188,772     165,063     143,420
Installment and other loans
  67,421     63,050     46,852     50,057     40,201
Total loans
$ 3,605,895   $ 2,900,780   $ 2,383,513   $ 1,974,239   $ 1,769,763



At December 31, 2007, loans (including loans held for resale) totaled $3.61 billion, compared to $2.90 billion at December 31, 2006.  This represents an increase of $704.1 million, or 24.2%.  Of this increase, approximately $199.8 million resulted from the fourth quarter 2007 merger with Bank of Salem.  New loan originations for 2007 were $1.75 billion, compared to $1.82 billion in 2006, representing a 3.8% decrease.
 
Total loans increased 21.7% in 2006, from $2.39 billion at December 31, 2005, to $2.91 billion at December 31, 2006. Of this increase, approximately $165.0 million resulted from the 2006 merger with NorthStar.  New loan originations for 2006 were $1.82 billion, compared to $1.73 billion in 2005.
 
Contractual maturities of loans, excluding loans held for resale and net of deferred fees, as of December 31, 2007, are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay loans with or without prepayment penalties.
 
Within 1 Year
 
1 -5 Years
 
After 5 Years
 
Total
               
Commercial and industrial
$ 247,355   $ 125,725   $ 29,489   $ 402,569
Real Estate:
                     
Commercial
  208,168     418,368     377,380     1,003,916
Construction
  1,007,781     48,174     6,707     1,062,662
Land development
  486,633     50,777     -     537,410
Completed lots
  198,682     45,841     5,050     249,573
Residential 1-4 family
  109,719     111,784     60,841     282,344
Installment and other loans
  15,085     15,118     37,218     67,421
Total loans
$ 2,273,423   $ 815,787   $ 516,685   $ 3,605,895
 
       
1 -5 Years
 
After 5 Years
     
                       
Fixed rates
      $ 617,733   $ 80,798      
Variable rates
        198,054     435,887      
        $ 815,787   $ 516,685      
 
Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is the amount which, in the opinion of management, is necessary to absorb loan losses.  Management’s determination of the level of the provision for loan losses is based on various judgments and assumptions, including general economic conditions, loan portfolio composition, prior loan loss experience, the evaluation of credit risk related to specific credits and market segments and monitoring results from our ongoing internal credit review staff.  Management also reviews the growth and terms of loans so that the allowance can be adjusted for probable losses.  The allowance methodology takes into account that the loan loss reserve will change at different points in time based on economic conditions, credit performance, loan mix and collateral values.

Management and the Board review policies and procedures at least annually, and changes are made to reflect the current operating environment integrated with regulatory requirements.  Partly out of these policies has evolved an internal credit risk review process.  During this process the quality grade of loans are reviewed and loans are assigned a dollar value of the loan loss reserve by degree of risk.  This analysis is performed quarterly and reviewed by senior management who makes the determination if the risk is reasonable, and if the reserve is adequate.   This quarterly analysis is then reviewed by the Board of Directors.

The allowance for loan losses was $54.0 million, or 1.49% of loans at December 31, 2007.  This compares to $40.6 million, or 1.40% at December 31, 2006, and $33.8 million, or 1.41% at December 31, 2005.  Net charge-off’s as a percentage of average loans was 0.03% in 2007, 0.11% in 2006 and a net recovery of (0.01%) in 2005.




The following table provides an analysis of the allowance for loan losses and the net losses by loan type for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
Balance at beginning of year
$ 44,195   $ 37,075   $ 32,728   $ 29,556   $ 28,175  
                               
Provision for loan losses
  11,400     7,500     4,200     3,500     4,250  
                               
Loans charged-off:
                             
Commercial and industrial
  (1,183 )   (2,283 )   (342 )   (612 )   (1,617 )
Real estate:
                             
Commercial
  -     -     (4 )   -     (1,486 )
Construction
  (201 )   (855 )   -     -     (48 )
Land development
  -     -     -     -     -  
Completed lots
  -     -     -     -     -  
Residential 1-4 family
  (300 )   -     (116 )   (387 )   (120 )
Installment and other
  (222 )   (156 )   (244 )   (413 )   (351 )
Total charged-off loans
  (1,906 )   (3,294 )   (706 )   (1,412 )   (3,622 )
                               
Recoveries:
                             
Commercial and industrial
  845     353     623     741     620  
Real estate:
                             
Commercial
  -     -     -     176     6  
Construction
  -     -     142     60     -  
Land development
  -     -     -     -     -  
Completed lots
  -     -     -     -     -  
Residential 1-4 family
  -     -     27     51     62  
Installment and other
  141     60     61     56     65  
Total recoveries
  986     413     853     1,084     753  
                               
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
  (920 )   (2,881 )   147     (328 )   (2,869 )
Balance before portion identified
                             
    for undisbursed loans
  54,675     41,694     37,075     32,728     29,556  
Reserve acquired in merger
  2,983     2,501     -     -     -  
Portion of reserve identified for
                             
undisbursed loans and
                             
reclassified as a liability
  (3,663 )   (3,546 )   (3,270 )   (2,307 )   (1,768 )
Balance at end of year
$ 53,995   $ 40,649   $ 33,805   $ 30,421   $ 27,788  
                               
Total loans at end of period (1)
$ 3,612,122   $ 2,908,000   $ 2,389,224   $ 1,978,052   $ 1,771,716  
                               
Daily average loans
$ 3,185,751   $ 2,731,257   $ 2,200,344   $ 1,887,528   $ 1,691,051  
                               
Ratio of net charged-offs
                             
(recoveries) during the period
                             
to average loans outstanding
  0.03 %   0.11 %   -0.01 %   0.02 %   0.17 %
Loan loss reserve as a
                             
percentage of total loans
  1.49 %   1.40 %   1.41 %   1.54 %   1.57 %
                               
(1) Includes loans held for resale
                             




Based on certain characteristics of the portfolio, potential losses can be anticipated for major loan categories.  In the following table, the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, has been allocated among the major loan categories based primarily on their historical net charge-off experience, along with consideration of factors such as quality volume, anticipated economic conditions and other business considerations.

(In thousands)
                             
       
Loan
       
Loan
       
Loan
 
   
2007
 
Category
   
2006
 
Category
   
2005
 
Category
 
   
Reserve
 
Percent
   
Reserve
 
Percent
   
Reserve
 
Percent
 
Commercial and agriculture
  $ 9,856     11.2 %   $ 9,726     13.1 %   $ 11,061     13.5 %
Real estate:
                                         
Commercial
    12,373     27.8 %     11,040     30.9 %     12,622     36.0 %
Construction
    824     29.5 %     809     25.4 %     504     23.2 %
Land development
    5,257     14.9 %     4,123     13.8 %     1,699     11.3 %
Completed lots
    3,443     6.9 %     1,560     6.5 %     907     6.0 %
Residential 1-4 family
    16,900     7.8 %     7,168     8.1 %     4,088     7.9 %
Installment and other
    1,060     1.9 %     1,012     2.2 %     724     2.1 %
Unallocated
    4,282             5,211             2,200        
      53,995             40,649             33,805        
Portion of reserve identified for undisbursed
                                         
loans and reclassifed as a liability
    3,663             3,546             3,270        
    $ 57,658     100.0 %   $ 44,195     100.0 %   $ 37,075     100.0 %

       
Loan
       
Loan
 
   
2004
 
Category
   
2003
 
Category
 
   
Reserve
 
Percent
   
Reserve
 
Percent
 
Commercial and agriculture
  $ 9,658     15.3 %   $ 13,465     15.2 %
Real estate:
                           
Commercial
    10,843     43.0 %     8,948     45.7 %
Construction
    473     17.3 %     543     16.8 %
Land development
    1,194     9.2 %     262     7.8 %
Completed lots
    1,142     4.3 %     132     4.1 %
Residential 1-4 family
    3,846     8.4 %     2,084     8.1 %
Installment and other
    461     2.5 %     376     2.3 %
Unallocated
    2,700             1,978        
      30,317             27,788        
Portion of reserve identified for undisbursed
                           
loans and reclassifed as a liability
    2,411             1,768        
    $ 32,728     100.0 %   $ 29,556     100.0 %

Historical net charge-offs are not necessarily accurate indicators of future losses since net charge-offs vary from period to period due to economic conditions and other factors that cannot be accurately predicted. Thus, an evaluation based on historical loss experience within individual loan categories is only one of many factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the overall allowance.



Nonperforming Assets

Loans delinquent 90 days or more or other nonaccruing, restructured and other real estate owned (“OREO”), on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued as of December 31 are as follows (in thousands):

 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
2003
 
Commercial and industrial
$ 159   $ 574   $ 4,939   $ -   $ 120  
Real estate:
                             
Commercial
  -     -     -     6,847     6,187  
Construction
  19,842     47     -     -     -  
Land development
  -     7,143     -     -     -  
Completed lots
  804     -     -     356     -  
Residential 1-4 family
  93     889     -     6,904     344  
Installment and other
  10     -     10     -     43  
Total nonaccruing loans
  20,908     8,653     4,949     14,107     6,694  
Other real estate owned
  367     -     -     -     4,162  
Total nonperforming assets
$ 21,275   $ 8,653   $ 4,949   $ 14,107   $ 10,856  
                               
Restructured loans
$ -   $ -   $ -   $ -   $ 6,178  
                               
Total loans at end of period (1)
$ 3,612,122   $ 2,908,000   $ 2,389,224   $ 1,978,052   $ 1,771,716  
Total assets at end of period
$ 3,995,689   $ 3,238,464   $ 2,640,275   $ 2,243,396   $ 2,075,393  
                               
Total nonperforming assets to total loans
  0.59 %   0.30 %   0.21 %   0.71 %   0.61 %
Total nonperforming assets to total assets
  0.53 %   0.27 %   0.19 %   0.63 %   0.52 %
Total impaired assets to total assets
  0.53 %   0.27 %   0.19 %   0.63 %   0.82 %
                               
(1) Includes loans held for resale
                             


For the years ended December 31, there are certain amounts of interest collected on nonaccrual loans that is included in income, and amounts that have not been accrued, which are indicated in the following table (in thousands):

 
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
2003
Additional interest income which
                 
would have been recorded during the
                 
period under original loan terms
$ 757   $ 761   $ 67   $ 925   $ 443
                             
Interest collected and included in
                           
net income for the period
$ 1,131   $ 344   $ 327   $ 350   $ 429
                             
Commitments for additional funds
                           
related to loans above
$ -   $ -   $ -   $ -   $ -


Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when management determines it is probable that all contractual amounts of principal and interest will not be paid as scheduled in the loan agreement. These loans include all loans in nonaccrual, loans restructured, and other loans that management considers to be at risk.

This assessment for impairment occurs when and while such loans are on nonaccrual or the loan has been restructured.  When a loan with unique risk characteristics has been identified as being impaired, the amount of impairment will be measured by the Corporation.  If the current value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan an impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an existing allocation of the allowance for loan losses.


 
Nonaccrual Loans

It is the Bank's practice to discontinue accruing interest on virtually all loans that are delinquent in excess of 90 days regardless of risk of loss, collateral, etc. Some problem loans, which are less than 90 days delinquent, are also placed into nonaccrual status if the success of collecting full principal and interest in a timely manner is in doubt.  Some loans will remain in nonaccrual even after improved performance until a consistent timely repayment pattern is exhibited and/or timely performance is considered reliable.

At December 31, 2007, there were sixty-seven nonaccruing loans, to approximately 19 borrowers, with a combined balance of $20.9 million.  This compares to eight nonaccruing loans with a combined balance of $8.7 million at December 31, 2006, and three nonaccruing loans with a combined balance of $4.9 million at December 31, 2005.  One loan totaling $7.1 million made up 82.5% of our December 31, 2006 balance.  In the fourth quarter 2007, the $7.1 million nonaccrual loan was paid in full, including interest of $1.5 million.  

Restructured Loans

In cases where a borrower experiences financial difficulties and we make certain concessionary modifications to the contractual terms, the loan is classified as a restructured (accruing) loan.  Loans restructured at a rate equal to or greater than that of a new loan with comparable risk at the time of the contract is modified may be excluded from the impairment assessment and may cease to be considered impaired.

Interest income on restructured loans is recognized pursuant to the terms of the new loan agreement. Interest income on impaired loans is monitored and based upon the terms of the underlying loan agreement. However, the recorded net investment in impaired loans, including accrued interest, is limited to the present value of the expected cash flows of the impaired loan or the observable fair market value of the loan or the fair market value of the loan's collateral.

Other Real Estate Owned
 
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) is carried at the lesser of book value or market value, less selling costs.  The costs related to completion, repair, maintenance, or other costs of such properties, are generally expensed with any gains or shortfalls from the ultimate sale of OREO being shown as other income or other expense.
 
At December 31, 2007, we had $367 thousand in OREO.  There was no OREO for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005.
 
Certain other loans, currently in nonaccrual, are in the process of foreclosure and there is a likelihood these foreclosures will be completed and the loans will then become OREO.  This is viewed as an ordinary part of the collection process and efforts are constantly underway to reduce and minimize such nonperforming assets.
 
Deposits
 
Interest bearing deposits at December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
 
   
2007
 
%
   
2006
 
%
   
2005
 
%
 
Money market, sweep and NOW accounts
  $ 745,780     29.2 %   $ 683,948     33.4 %   $ 322,283     19.4 %
Savings
    254,722     10.0 %     305,669     14.9 %     495,108     29.7 %
Time deposits, $100,000 and over
    832,373     32.6 %     545,173     26.6 %     471,726     28.3 %
Other time deposits
    719,835     28.2 %     512,221     25.1 %     376,411     22.6 %
Total interest bearing deposits
  $ 2,552,710     100.0 %   $ 2,047,011     100.0 %   $ 1,665,528     100.0 %
 

Total interest bearing deposits increased $505.7 million, or 24.7%, at December 31, 2007, compared to December 31, 2006.  Time deposits increased $494.8 million during the same period and represent 60.8% of total interest bearing deposits at December 31, 2007, compared to 51.7% at December 31, 2006.  Of this increase in time deposits, approximately $139.3 million was attributable to the 2007 Bank of Salem merger.
 


 
Total interest bearing deposits increased $381.5 million, or 22.9%, at December 31, 2006, compared to December 31, 2005. The movement between types of deposit accounts was characterized by a changing interest rate environment.  Investors moved money from traditional savings into our premier treasury account, which is a tiered account, tied to the discount rate for 13-week U.S. Treasury Bill and offering a higher short-term yielding account.
 
Maturities of time certificates of deposit $100,000 and over at December 31, 2007 are shown below (in thousands):

3 months or less
$ 220,256
Over 3 months through 6 months
  190,458
Over 6 months through 12 months
  324,292
Over 12 months
  97,367
Total
$ 832,373

 
Federal Funds Purchases and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
 
The amount of federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreement to repurchase for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
 
     
Weighted
       
Weighted
       
Weighted
 
     
Average
       
Average
       
Average
 
     
Interest
       
Interest
       
Interest
 
 
2007
 
Rate
   
2006
 
Rate
   
2005
 
Rate
 
Year end balance
$ 258,145     4.92 %   $ 81,673     5.24 %   $ 20,813     2.72 %
                                         
Highest month end balance
                                       
during the period
$ 260,554           $ 81,673           $ 52,444        
 

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances
 
The maximum and average outstanding balances and average interest rates on advances from FHLB were as follows for the year ended December 31 (in thousands):

 
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Maximum outstanding at any month end
$ 341,704     $ 282,017     $ 240,075  
Average outstanding
  294,169       258,991       221,392  
                       
Weighted average interest rates
                     
Annual
  4.15 %     4.72 %     4.71 %
End of year
  4.43 %     4.69 %     4.70 %
 

Results of Operations
 
Net Interest Income
 
Net interest income is our principal source of revenue and is comprised of interest income on earning assets, less interest expense on interest bearing liabilities.  The net interest margin is net interest income expressed as a percent of average earning assets and represents the difference between the yield on earning assets and the composite interest rate paid on all sources of funds.
 
Net interest income is adjusted to a taxable equivalent basis to present income earned on taxable and tax-exempt assets on a comparable basis.  Reference to net interest income and net interest margin (“NIM”), in this discussion, represents taxable equivalent (“TE”) amounts using a tax rate of 35%, and applies only to loans and investments as no other assets or liabilities are affected by the adjustment.
 
The average balances of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, along with tax equivalent interest income and expense and average rates earned and paid for the following years are as follows (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
       
TE
   
Average
         
TE
   
Average
         
TE
   
Average
 
       
Interest
   
Rates
         
Interest
   
Rates
         
Interest
   
Rates
 
 
Average
   
Income/
   
Earned/
   
Average
   
Income/
   
Earned/
   
Average
   
Income/
   
Earned/
 
 
Balance
   
Expense
   
Paid
   
Balance
   
Expense
   
Paid
   
Balance
   
Expense
   
Paid
 
Interest Earning Assets
                                                   
Taxable investments
$ 109,798     $ 4,585       4.18 %   $ 102,488     $ 4,097       4.00 %   $ 117,268     $ 4,586       3.91 %
Nontaxable investments (1)
  2,907       209       7.19 %     4,872       306       6.28 %     5,810       423       7.28 %
Total
  112,705       4,794       4.25 %     107,360       4,403       4.10 %     123,078       5,009       4.07 %
Federal funds sold
  18,405       958       5.21 %     28,534       1,448       5.07 %     11,445       361       3.15 %
Loans (1) (2)
                                                                     
Installment
  62,841       6,083       9.68 %     60,871       5,764       9.47 %     47,930       4,244       8.85 %
Commercial(1)
  383,242       33,776       8.81 %     366,601       31,013       8.46 %     320,923       23,364       7.28 %
Real estate
                                                                     
Commercial (1)
  919,028       72,313       7.87 %     897,258       68,350       7.62 %     866,647       60,468       6.98 %
Construction
  890,404       91,963       10.33 %     698,777       72,152       10.33 %     465,475       42,751       9.18 %
Land development
  457,116       48,310       10.57 %     299,604       31,429       10.49 %     208,580       18,936       9.08 %
Completed lots
  209,916       20,784       9.90 %     182,105       17,738       9.74 %     105,309       9,468       8.99 %
Residential 1-4 family
  263,204       21,965       8.35 %     226,041       18,826       8.33 %     185,480       15,111       8.15 %
Total loans
  3,185,751       295,194       9.27 %     2,731,257       245,272       8.98 %     2,200,344       174,342       7.92 %
Total earning assets/total
                                                                     
     interest income
  3,316,861       300,946       9.07 %     2,867,151       251,123       8.76 %     2,334,867       179,712       7.70 %
Reserve for loan losses
  (43,972 )                     (38,766 )                     (32,031 )                
Cash and due from banks
  68,285                       83,351                       80,644                  
Other assets
  129,390                       129,836                       85,205                  
TOTAL ASSETS
$ 3,470,564                     $ 3,041,572                     $ 2,468,685                  
                                                                       
Interest Bearing Liabilities
                                                                     
Money Market, Sweep &
                                                                     
     NOW accounts
$ 716,777     $ 23,990       3.35 %   $ 542,335       17,123       3.16 %   $ 302,497       4,195       1.39 %
Savings accounts
  268,017       6,207       2.32 %     374,167       8,718       2.33 %     575,164       11,539       2.01 %
Other time deposits
  1,325,777       66,883       5.04 %     1,063,229       47,685       4.48 %     708,201       24,980       3.53 %
Total interest bearing
                                                                     
     deposits
  2,310,571       97,080       4.20 %     1,979,731       73,526       3.71 %     1,585,862       40,714       2.57 %
                                                                       
Short-term borrowings
  42,542       2,212       5.20 %     20,089       910       4.53 %     21,614       588       2.72 %
FHLB borrowings
  294,169       13,402       4.56 %     258,991       12,195       4.71 %     221,392       10,434       4.71 %
Subordinated debt
  5,156       347       6.73 %     4,726       311       6.58 %     -       -          
Total interest bearing
                                                                     
     liabilities/total
                                                                     
     interest expense
  2,652,438       113,041       4.26 %     2,263,537       86,942       3.84 %     1,828,868       51,736       2.83 %
Noninterest bearing
                                                                     
     deposits
  396,293                       389,945                       348,737                  
Other liabilities
  27,657                       23,722                       15,979                  
Shareowners' equity
  394,176                       364,368                       275,101                  
TOTAL LIABILITIES
                                                                     
     AND CAPITAL
$ 3,470,564                     $ 3,041,572                     $ 2,468,685                  
NET INTEREST INCOME
        $ 187,905                     $ 164,181                     $ 127,976          
NET YIELD ON INTEREST
                                                                     
     EARNING ASSETS
                  5.67 %                     5.73 %                     5.48 %
                                                                       
(1) Includes amounts to convert nontaxable amounts to a fully taxable equivalent basis at a 35% tax rate.
                         
(2) Includes nonaccruing loans.
                                                                     




The following table (in thousands) includes a breakdown of the change in earning assets and liabilities, referred to as "volume," and the repricing of assets and liabilities labeled "rate."
 
 
Year ended December 31,
 
 
2007 versus 2006
   
2006 versus 2005
 
 
Increase (Decrease) Due
   
Increase (Decrease) Due
 
 
to Change in
   
to Change in
 
             
Total
               
Total
 
 
Average
   
Average
   
Increase
   
Average
   
Average
   
Increase
 
 
Volume
   
Rate
   
(Decrease)
   
Volume
   
Rate
   
(Decrease)
 
INTEREST INCOME
                                 
Taxable investments
$ 292     $ 196     $ 488     $ (578 )   $ 89     $ (489 )
Nontaxable investments
  (123 )     26       (97 )     (68 )     (49 )     (117 )
Total
  169       222       391       (646 )     40       (606 )
                                               
Federal funds sold
  (514 )     24       (490 )     539       548       1,087  
                                               
Loans
                                             
Installment
  187       132       319       1,146       374       1,520  
Commercial
  1,408       1,355       2,763       3,325       4,324       7,649  
Real estate
                                             
Commercial
  1,658       2,305       3,963       2,136       5,746       7,882  
Construction
  19,786       25       19,811       21,427       7,974       29,401  
Land development
  16,523       358       16,881       8,264       4,229       12,493  
Completed lots
  2,709       337       3,046       6,904       1,366       8,270  
Residential 1-4 family
  3,095       44       3,139       3,304       411       3,715  
Total loans
  45,366       4,556       49,922       46,506       24,424       70,930  
TOTAL INTEREST
                                             
INCOME
  45,021       4,802       49,823       46,399       25,012       71,411  
                                               
INTEREST EXPENSE
                                             
Money Market, Sweep &
                                             
NOW accounts
  5,508       1,359       6,867       3,326       9,602       12,928  
Savings accounts
  (2,473 )     (38 )     (2,511 )     (4,032 )     1,211       (2,821 )
Other time deposits
  11,775       7,423       19,198       12,523       10,182       22,705  
Total interest bearing
                                             
deposits
  14,810       8,744       23,554       11,817       20,995       32,812  
                                               
Short-term borrowings
  1,017       285       1,302       (41 )     363       322  
FHLB borrowing
  1,656       (449 )     1,207       1,772       (11 )     1,761  
Subordinated debt
  28       8       36       -       311       311  
TOTAL INTEREST
                                             
EXPENSE
  17,511       8,588       26,099       13,548       21,658       35,206  
                                               
CHANGE IN NET
                                             
 INTEREST INCOME
$ 27,510     $ (3,786 )   $ 23,724     $ 32,851     $ 3,354     $ 36,205  
 

For the year ended December 31, 2007, tax equivalent net interest income increased $23.7 million, or 14.4%, to $187.9 million, compared to $164.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.  Over the same period, tax equivalent interest income increased $49.8 million.  Of this increase, $45.0 million was attributable to the increase in average volume of interest earning assets, while $4.8 million was attributable to average rates on these same assets.  The increase in average loan volume increased interest income by $45.4 million, while the effect of changing interest rates increased interest income on loans by $4.6 million.


Total interest expense increased $26.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to the year ended December 31, 2006.  Volume contributed to an increase of $17.5 million and rate contributed to an increase of $8.6 million.  Of this increase, interest bearing deposits accounted for $23.6 million, or 90.2%.  Average interest bearing deposits increased $330.8 million, or 16.7%, resulting in an additional $14.8 million in interest expense.  The effect of changing interest rates on interest bearing deposits increased interest expense by $8.7 million in 2007.
 
Tax equivalent net interest income increased $36.2 million, or 28.3%, to $164.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $128.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.  Average volume contributed to $32.9 million of the increase and average rate contributed $3.4 million.  Average earning assets increased $532.3 million, or 22.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to the year ended December 31, 2005.  This increase in average earning assets accounted for $46.4 million of additional interest income over the same period.  The effect of changing interest rates on average earning assets accounted for an increase of $25.0 million for the year.
 
Average interest bearing liabilities increased $434.7 million, or 23.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to the year ended December 31, 2005.  The increase in volume of average interest bearing liabilities accounted for $13.5 million of additional interest expense, while rate contributed to an additional $21.7 million.

Noninterest Income
 
Loss on Sale of Securities
 
During the second quarter of 2007, we decided to withdraw our earlier decision to early adopt SFAS 157 and 159, effective January 1, 2007.  We, however, proceeded with a balance sheet restructuring in which we sold $48.0 million of available for sale securities with a net realized pre-tax loss of $937 thousand. The securities chosen to be sold were those with the least attractive yield, cash flow and interest rate risk characteristics.  Approximately $40.0 million of new securities were purchased with an overall yield 173 basis points higher than the securities that were sold.  This compares to a $25 thousand loss on sale of a security in 2006 and a $211 thousand loss on a write down of an equity investment in a financial services company in 2005.
 
Gain on Sale of Premises and Equipment
 
For the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized $24 thousand from gain on sale of premises and equipment.  This compares to the $2.4 million gain recognized for the year ended December 31, 2006.  In 2006, we sold property which had been held for several years for branch expansion, but was no longer needed.  As a result of this sale, we recognized a nonrecurring pre-tax gain of $2.1 million.   There were no sales of premises and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
Service Charges
 
Deposit fee income increased $507 thousand, or 12.0%, to $4.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.  Virtually all of the increase was attributable to checking accounts, overdraft fees in particular, which increased $370.4 million, or 19.9%, over the same period.  The increase can be attributed to overdraft fee increases effective July 1, 2007.
 
Deposit fee income decreased $151 thousand, or 3.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to the prior year end.  For the same period, noninterest bearing deposits increased $10.8 million, or 2.7%.  Despite the moderate growth in noninterest bearing deposits, the continued increase in use of debit cards resulted in reduced service fees.
 
Other Noninterest Income
 
For the year ended December 31, 2007, other noninterest income totaled $7.9 million, compared to $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.  The increase of $417 thousand, or 5.6%, can be primarily attributed to a $164 thousand increase in trust fees and the $193 thousand accretion of the loan and deposit fair value discounts related to the merger of Bank of Salem during the fourth quarter 2007.  See Note 2 Business Combinations in the Annual Report for further discussion regarding the Bank of Salem merger.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2006, other noninterest income decreased $174 thousand, or 2.3%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2005.
 


Noninterest Expense
 
Salaries and Employee Benefits
 
Salaries and employee benefits increased $6.2 million, or 14.7%, to $48.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $42.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.  Of this increase, approximately 9.6% related to staff additions and 5.1% related to salary and incentive increases, including an additional $1.4 million related to SFAS 123(R) stock-based compensation expense.

Salaries and employee benefits expense increased $5.6 million, or 15.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to the prior year end.  Salaries and employee benefit expense was affected by increases in staff, merit raises and an increase in commissions and bonuses.
 
The staffing level, referred to as full-time equivalent (“FTE”), totaled 809 at December 31, 2007, representing a 12.2% increase over the prior year.  FTE’s totaled 721 at December 31, 2006, and 663 at December 31, 2005.
 
One issue that complicates the reporting of compensation expense is the deferral of loan origination costs. In accordance with the current accounting standards, loan origination costs are deferred and amortized over the life of the loan. The loan costs, which are determined for each loan type, are then deducted from personnel expense, with the net figures reported in the financial statements. Compensation is thus comprised of the expected items such as salaries, benefits and commissions, but also the effect of deferred loan origination costs, which can vary substantially from year-to-year.

Occupancy Expense

Occupancy expense increased $848 thousand, or 9.3%, to $10.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $9.1 million for the prior year end.  The increase was due to normal rent increases and the opening of 3 new branches in 2007.

Occupancy expense increased $1.5 million, or 19.0%, to $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.   This increase primarily resulted of increases of $147 thousand in depreciation expense, $428 thousand in office rentals, $265 thousand in software expense and $432 thousand in maintenance agreements.

FHLB Prepayment Penalty

As a result of our second quarter 2007 balance sheet restructure, we incurred a pre-tax prepayment penalty of $1.5 million on the prepayment of $60.0 million of FHLB advances.  The advances chosen to be paid off early were those having the least attractive cost and interest rate risk characteristics. New advance of $60.0 million were purchased at a rate 126 basis points lower than the blended rates of the advances that were prepaid.

Other Noninterest Expense

Other noninterest expense increased $1.5 million, or 11.3%, to $15.2 million as of December 31, 2007, compared to $13.6 million as of December 31, 2006.  The increase in other noninterest expense was primarily attributable to increases in directors’ fees of $512 thousand, telephone expense of $134 thousand, marketing expense of $128 thousand, postage expense of $123 thousand, consulting fees of $110 thousand and data processing fees of $109 thousand.

Other noninterest expense increased $1.5 million, or 12.4%, to $13.6 million as of December 31, 2006, compared to $12.1 million as of December 31, 2005.  The increase was primarily due to increased marketing expense of $413 thousand, director fees of $317 thousand, communication networks of $256 thousand and amortization expense of intangible assets related to the NorthStar merger of $232 thousand.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Liquidity refers to the ability to generate sufficient cash to meet the funding needs of current loan demand, deposit withdrawals, principal and interest payments with respect to outstanding borrowings and payment of operating expenses. The need for liquidity is affected by loan demand, net changes in deposit levels, and the scheduled maturities of borrowings.   Liquidity is derived from assets by receipt of interest and principal payments and prepayments, by the ability to sell assets at market prices, earnings and by utilizing unpledged assets as collateral for borrowings.  Liquidity is also derived from a variety of funding sources, including advances from the FHLB and other short and long term borrowings.
 


 
The principal use of funds is to invest in loans and securities. Security purchases amounted to $85.7 million in 2007, up from $17.3 million in 2006 and $58.9 million in 2005.  Net cash flows provided by loan activities totaled $510.9 million, $517.3 million and $409.3 million, during 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.  Our continued use of cash to fund loan activities reflects the continuing growth of our business.
 
The increased use of cash for the origination of mortgage loans held for sale totaled $155.8 million, $111.7 million and $93.2 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.  This corresponds to the increase in cash provided by the proceeds from the sales of mortgage loans with amounted to $158.3 million in 2007, $111.7 million in 2006 and $91.3 million in 2005, reflecting the increased volume of business in this area.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2007, time deposits and federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase were our primary funding sources, contributing $531.4 million in funding.  In 2006, almost all of the funding for our $598.2 increase in assets came from three sources; $183.0 million came from increased core deposits, $209.3 million came from increased time deposits and $42.0 million came from net FHLB advances.  In 2005, the major funding activities were time deposits which provided $278.9 million, net FHLB advances which provided $64.9 million and maturities or calls of securities which provided $90.3 million in cash flows.
 
Our line of credit with the FHLB has been established at approximately 11% of qualifying loans, which at December 31, 2007, equaled $430.3 million. Net advances totaled $16.6 million, $42.0 million and $64.9 million for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.  Borrowings totaled $298.6 million, $282.0 million and $240.0 million at December 31, 2007, 2005, and 2005, respectively. These borrowings represented 7.5% of year end assets in 2007, 8.7% in 2006 and 9.1% in 2005.
 
Unused lines of credit available to us include $131.7 million available at FHLB and $41.8 million available from correspondent banks.  We also have the option of funding asset growth or funding withdrawals with brokered deposits.  At December 31, 2007, brokered deposits were $130.8 million, representing 4.4% of total deposits.
 
For additional information regarding liquidity, see the Statement of Cash Flows in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Capital Requirements
 
We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. The minimum ratios and the actual capital ratios are set forth in the table below.
 
 
Frontier Financial Corporation
   
Frontier Bank
   
Well Capitalized Minimum
 
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
  11.38 %     10.62 %     10.00 %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
  10.13 %     9.37 %     6.00 %
Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets
  10.55 %     9.74 %     5.00 %

The holding company is registered with the Federal Reserve Bank as a financial holding company. The Federal Reserve Bank requires financial holding companies to meet the well-capitalized status of the regulatory capital requirements.

Total capital at December 31, 2007, increased $64.3 million, or 16.3%, to $459.6 million, compared to $395.3 million at December 31, 2006.  We began paying cash dividends to shareowners in 1999.  During 2007, cash dividends of $29.0 million were paid to shareowners.  For the year ended December 31, 2007, we repurchased 1,831,388 common shares at an average price per share of $24.16.  In addition, 7,184 shares were surrendered to us to pay taxes on restricted stock awards that vested during 2007 and 2,760 shares were surrendered in connection with stock option exercises.  We are authorized to repurchase up to 431,935 additional common shares under the plan at December 31, 2007.
 


 
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
 
The following table sets forth our long-term contractual obligations at December 31, 2007 (in thousands):
 
 
Payments due per period
   
 
Less Than
               
 
One Year
 
1-3 Years
 
3-5 Years
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Time deposits
$ 1,340,726   $ 150,418   $ 57,797   $ 3,267   $ 1,552,208
FHLB borrowings
  32,556     70,452     100,628     95,000     298,636
Junior subordinated debt
  -     -     -     5,156     5,156
Operating leases
  2,044     3,033     1,349     1,399     7,825
Total
$ 1,375,326   $ 223,903   $ 159,774   $ 104,822   $ 1,863,825
 

See additional discussion under Notes 6, 8, 10 and 17 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
In the ordinary course of business, we have entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments for the extension of credit, credit card commitments, letter of credit commitments, home equity lines and standby letters of credit.  These instruments are recorded in the financial statements only when they are funded or related fees are incurred or received.  The following table summarizes the amount of commitments as of December 31, 2007 (in thousands):

 
Amount
Commitments to extend credit
$ 956,753
Credit card arrangements
  41,771
Standby and commercial letters of credit
  21,225
  $ 1,019,749

Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are written for one year, or have a call in one year.  The fair value of these commitments is not material since they are for a short period of time and subject to customary credit terms.  A fee is charged for all commitments to lend.  There have been no losses associated with these commitments.
 
See Note 17 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion.
 


 
ITEM 7A.                      QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market pricing and rates. A significant market risk arises from interest rate risk inherent in our lending, deposit, borrowing and mortgage-banking activities. To that end, we actively monitor and manage interest rate risk exposure.
 
A number of measures are utilized to monitor and manage interest rate risk, including income simulation and "gap" analysis (further discussed below under the subheading "Asset and Liability Management"). An income simulation model is primarily used to assess the impact on earning changes that interest rates may produce. Key assumptions in the model include cash flows and maturities of financial instruments, changes in market conditions, loan volumes and pricing, deposit sensitivity, consumer preferences and management's capital leverage plans. These assumptions are inherently uncertain; therefore, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income or precisely predict the impact of higher or lower interest rates on net interest income. Actual results may significantly differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes and changes in market conditions and specific strategies, among other factors.  The model also uses a multiplier effect which is discussed later.
 
We use a simulation model to estimate the impact of changing interest rates on our earnings and capital.  The model calculates the change in net interest income under various rate shocks.  As of December 31, 2007, the model predicted that net income would increase by approximately $3.2 million if rates increased 2% and decrease by approximately $643 thousand if rates fell 1%.
 
The percentages shown in the table below represent changes over a 12 month period in net interest income and net income under two rate scenarios.  The cash flows have been adjusted to account for prepayments and other factors and an assumed 35% tax rate.
 
(In thousands)
 
   
2008 Estimated Change
   
2007 Estimated Change
   
2006 Estimated Change
 
Rate shock
    (1.0 %)     2.0 %     (1.0 %)     2.0 %     (1.0 %)     2.0 %
Net interest income
  $ (974 )   $ 4,837     $ (6,034 )   $ 14,162     $ (5,213 )   $ 19,922  
Net income
    (643 )     3,192       (3,817 )     9,004       (3,409 )     12,768  

The interest rate scenarios reflected above represent the results of possible near-term interest rate movements. Approximately 58% of the loan portfolio is tied to rate indexes that are one year or less in duration. These indexes include our base rate, Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle (“FHLB”) Advance Rate, Wall Street Journal prime, London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) and Constant Maturity Treasury (“CMT”).

For the year ended December 31, 2007, our rates moved 100 basis points downward.  At December 31, 2006, the model predicted that our net interest income would decrease by $6.0 million and our net income would decrease by $3.8 million, if rates decreased by 1%.  Actual net interest income increased $23.4 million and net income increased $5.0 million for 2007, compared to 2006.   The increase in actual net interest income was primarily attributable to increased loan volumes.  For the year ended December 31, 2007, average loans increased $454.5 million, or 16.6%, compared to the prior year end.
 
Our primary objective in managing interest rate risk is to minimize the adverse impact of changes in interest rates on our net interest income and capital, while structuring the asset and liability components to obtain the maximum net interest margin. We rely primarily on our asset and liability structure to control interest rate risk.
 
Asset and Liability Management
 
Asset and liability management is the responsibility of the Asset/Liability Committee, which acts within policy directives established by the Board of Directors. This Committee meets regularly to monitor the composition of the balance sheet, to assess projected earnings trends and to formulate strategies consistent with the objectives for liquidity, interest rate risk and capital adequacy. The objective of asset/liability management is to maximize long-term shareholder returns by optimizing net interest income within the constraints of credit quality, interest rate risk policies, levels of capital leverage and adequate liquidity.
 


 
Assets and liabilities are managed by matching maturities and repricing in a systematic manner. In addition to a simulation model, an interest rate "gap" analysis is used to measure the effect interest rate changes have on net interest income. The gap is the difference between the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within a specific time period and the amount of interest bearing liabilities maturing or repricing in that same time period. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest-rate-sensitive assets exceeds the amount of interest-rate-sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative in the reverse situation.  However, the exact impact of the gap on future income is uncertain both in timing and amount because interest rates for our assets and liabilities can change rapidly as a result of market conditions and customer behavior patterns.
 


 
Expected Maturities for Financial Assets and Liabilities
 
 
In the following table (in thousands), the expected maturities for financial liabilities, with no stated maturity, reflect assumptions using the run-off rates for noninterest bearing deposits of 6% per year; for NOW, sweep and money market accounts 8% per year; and for savings accounts 10% per year.  The weighted average interest rates for financial instruments presented are for year-end 2007.
 
   
Expected Maturity Date
   
Fair
   
2008
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
Thereafter
   
Total
   
Value
Financial Assets
                                             
Cash and due from banks
                                             
Noninterest bearing
  $ 99,102     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 99,102     $ 99,102
Fed Funds Sold
                                                             
Variable Rate
    5       -       -       -       -       -       5       5
Weighted average interest rate
    4.35 %                                             4.35 %      
Securities available for sale
                                                             
Fixed Rate
    42,790       15,669       15,438       4,285       5,996       39,708       123,886       131,378
Weighted average interest rate (1)
    3.98 %     4.67 %     4.67 %     5.42 %     5.39 %     5.47 %     4.73 %      
Securities held to maturity
                                                             
Fixed Rate
    650       982       586       -       -       1,525       3,743       3,766
Weighted average interest rate (1)
    8.05 %     6.70 %     5.26 %                     9.68 %     7.93 %      
Loans Receivable, net
                                                             
Fixed Rate
    315,386       156,549       143,309       142,042       175,831       80,798       1,013,915       1,047,140
Weighted average interest rate (2)
    7.23 %     6.65 %     6.92 %     7.15 %     7.83 %     6.69 %     7.07 %      
Variable Rate
    1,958,037       100,465       16,569       15,042       65,980       435,887       2,591,980       2,591,980
Weighted average interest rate (2)
    9.51 %     8.97 %     9.10 %     8.42 %     8.10 %     7.01 %     8.98 %      
                                                               
Financial Liabilities
                                                             
Noninterest bearing deposits
  $ 23,432     $ 22,026     $ 20,704     $ 19,462     $ 18,294     $ 286,608     $ 390,526     $ 390,526
NOW, Sweep and Money Market accounts
    59,662       54,889       50,498       46,458       42,742       491,531       745,780       745,780
Weighted average interest rate
    2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %      
Savings accounts
    25,472       22,925       20,632       18,569       16,712       150,412       254,722       254,722
Weighted average interest rate
    2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %      
Time Certificates
                                                             
Fixed Rate
    1,340,726       110,045       40,373       20,921       36,876       3,267       1,552,208       1,573,766
Weighted average interest rate
    5.04 %     4.69 %     4.64 %     5.03 %     5.15 %     5.14 %     4.95 %      
Federal funds purchased & securities
                                                             
      sold under agreements to repurchase
                                                             
Variable rate
    258,145       -       -       -       -       -       258,145       258,145
Weighted average interest rate
    4.92 %                                             4.92 %      
Subordinated debt
    -       -       -       -       -       5,156       5,156       4,976
Weighted average interest rate
                                            6.5       6.50 %      
FHLB advances
                                                             
Fixed Rate
    32,556       39,015       31,437       -       100,628       95,000       298,636       298,105
Weighted average interest rate
    4.06 %     4.16 %     4.86 %             4.54 %     4.42 %     4.43 %      
                                                               
(1)  Represents tax equivalent yield
                                                             
  (2)  Represents weighted note rates exclusive of loan fees
                                               

Please note that in the above table, financial assets and liabilities are listed at their expected maturity date.  Our variable rate financial assets may reprice much sooner than their expected maturity date and liabilities may or may not run off at the expected rate as indicated above.  Therefore, we prefer to analyze our assets and liabilities as shown in the chart below, which indicates when the assets and liabilities can be repriced.



Repricing Opportunities for Assets and Liabilities

(In thousands as of December 31, 2007)

   
2008
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
Thereafter
   
Total
 
ASSETS
                                         
Loans (1) (2)
  $ 2,575,109     $ 285,963     $ 239,874     $ 209,245     $ 232,343     $ 63,361     $ 3,605,895  
  Yield
    8.44 %     7.05 %     7.25 %     7.56 %     7.48 %     6.31 %     8.10 %
Investments (2) (3)
    43,440       16,651       16,024       4,285       5,996       41,232       127,628  
  Yield
    4.04 %     4.79 %     4.69 %     5.42 %     5.39 %     5.63 %     4.48 %
Fed funds sold
    5       -       -       -       -       -       5  
  Yield
    4.35 %     -       -       -       -       -       4.35 %
Total earning assets
  $ 2,618,554     $ 302,614     $ 255,898     $ 213,530     $ 238,339     $ 104,593     $ 3,733,528  
  Yield
    8.32 %     6.93 %     7.09 %     7.52 %     7.43 %     6.03 %     7.96 %
                                                         
LIABILITIES
                                                       
NOW, money market,
                                                       
      and sweep accounts
  $ 595,662     $ 43,437     $ 38,712     $ 28,636     $ 28,636     $ 10,697     $ 745,780  
  Cost
    2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %     2.67 %
Savings
    8,830       8,830       8,830       8,830       8,830       210,572       254,722  
  Cost
    2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %     2.28 %
Time deposits
    1,340,726       110,045       40,373       20,921       36,876       3,267       1,552,208  
  Cost
    5.04 %     4.69 %     4.64 %     5.03 %     5.15 %     5.14 %     4.95 %
Fed funds purchased
                                                       
     and repurchase agreements
    258,145       -       -       -       -       -       258,145  
  Cost
    4.92 %                                             4.92 %
Subordinated debt
    -       -       -       -       -       5,156       5,156  
  Cost
                                            6.50 %     6.50 %
FHLB borrowings
    32,556       39,015       31,437       -       100,628       95,000       298,636  
  Cost
    4.06 %     4.16 %     4.86 %     -       4.54 %     4.42 %     4.43 %
Total interest bearing liabilities
  $ 2,235,919     $ 201,327     $ 119,352     $ 58,387     $ 174,970     $ 324,692     $ 3,114,647  
  Cost
    4.37 %     4.05 %     3.99 %     3.46 %     4.25 %     2.96 %     4.14 %
                                                         
GAP
  $ 382,635     $ 101,287     $ 136,546     $ 155,143     $ 63,369     $ (220,099 )   $ 618,881  
                                                         
(1) Loan fees and costs are included in balance but not in the yield
                                         
(2) Taxable equivalent
                                                       
(3) Amortized cost
                                                       

 
It is generally assumed that during a period of rising interest rates, the net earnings of an institution with a negative gap may be adversely affected due to its interest bearing liabilities repricing to a greater extent than its interest-earning assets. Conversely, during a period of falling interest rates, net earnings may increase. That assumption, however, is based on the premise that assets/liabilities within a one-year time frame will generally move in the same direction at approximately the same rate. However, historical data reflects that the relationship between one-year asset/liabilities may not be as strongly correlated as assumed. Loans with one-year repricing characteristics are tied to a number of indexes to include our base rate, the Wall Street Journal prime, the one-year constant maturity treasury, LIBOR, and FHLB rates. Those indexes are subject to the movement of the one-year market rates. On the other hand, NOW and time deposits, which constitute the bulk of the one-year repricing liabilities, are subject to the local financial institutions' market. Pricing for NOW and time deposits is dependent on customer preferences and the subjective pricing influence of local banks, credit unions, etc. Thus, while a good portion of our loans are tied to national and international money markets; deposits are subject to the conditions of our market areas in Washington and Oregon.  Additionally, when interest rates change, different rates change by different amounts.  The use of “multipliers” is used that represent the change of each asset/liability rate compared to the change in the federal funds rate.  For example, the prime rate has a factor of 1 indicating it changes the same amount as any federal funds rate change.  Core deposit sectors may have a factor of .25, indicating those rates move only 25% as much.  Applying the multipliers to the balance sheet, at December 31, 2007, we had a positive gap of $383.8 million, compared to a positive gap of $360.8 million at December 31, 2006.


 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
Financial statements and supplementary data required by this Item are incorporated by reference from the 2007 Annual Report to Shareowners.

 
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A.          CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of Frontier Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries  (“the Corporation”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007.  The Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Corporation’s system of internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets of the Corporation; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and that receipts and expenditures of the Corporation are being made only in accordance with authorizations of Management and Directors of the Corporation; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Corporation’s assets that could have  a material effect on the financial statements.

Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal control, and accordingly, even effective internal control can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statements preparation and fair presentation.  Further, because of changes in condition, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time.

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Corporation performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based upon criteria in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).  Based on this assessment, Management determined that the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.

The Company’s registered public accounting firm has audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007, and issued their Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, incorporated by reference to the 2007 Annual Report to Shareowners, which includes an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The attestation report expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007.





Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2007. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer each concluded that as of December 31, 2007, we maintained effective disclosure controls and procedures in all material respects, including those to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted with the SEC is recorded, processed, and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting in the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


ITEM 9B.                  OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 10.                   DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Biographical and business experience information about the directors and director nominees are included in Frontier Financial Corporation’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 16, 2008 (the “Proxy Statement”) under the caption “Election of Directors” and the information incorporated by reference pursuant to Item 13 below is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Information on our executive officers is also included in the Proxy Statement.

Information regarding our Audit Committee included under the caption “Directors’ Meetings, Committees and Compensation” of the Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

Information regarding late filings under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 included in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

Our Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers (“Code of Ethics”) is available at www.frontierbank.com, as discussed in “Available Information” above.  We intend to disclose any amendments or waivers with respect to our Code of Ethics on our website at www.frontierbank.com.



ITEM 11.                   EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information regarding compensation of directors and executive officers included under the caption “Compensation of Executives” of the Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated herein by reference. However, the information provided in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors on Executive Compensation” and in this report under the heading “Five Year Performance Comparison” shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, other than as provided in Item 402 of Regulation S-K, or subject to liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding options and shares reserved for issuance under our share-based compensation plans:


   
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in the first column)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (A)
    1,331,490   $ 18.24     4,695,647
                   
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (B)
    7,786     N/A     37,214
      1,339,276           4,732,861
                   
(A) Consists of FFC Incentive Stock Options Plan
                 
(B) Consists of FFC 1999 Employee Stock Award Plan
                 


SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREOWNER MATTERS

The information set forth under the caption “Share Ownership Information” in the Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Related Party Transactions and Business Relationships” is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

 
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
The information set forth in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” is hereby incorporated herein by reference.



EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) Financial Statements.
 
Financial statements required by Item 8 of this report are incorporated by reference from the 2007 Annual Report to Shareowners.
 
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
 
All financial schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
 
(a)(3) Exhibits.
 
See Exhibit Index on page 48.
 


 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
   
FRONTIER FINANCIAL CORPORATION
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ John J. Dickson
 
   
John J. Dickson
   
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
 
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ John J. Dickson
 
   
John J. Dickson
 
   
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
   
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Carol E. Wheeler
 
   
Carol E. Wheeler
 
   
Chief Financial Officer
 
   
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Michael J. Clementz
 
   
Michael J. Clementz, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ David M. Cuthill
 
   
David M. Cuthill, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Lucy DeYoung
 
   
Lucy DeYoung, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ John J. Dickson
 
   
John J. Dickson, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Robert J. Dickson
 
   
Robert J. Dickson, Chairman of the Board
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Patrick M. Fahey
 
   
Patrick M. Fahey, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Edward D. Hansen
 
   
Edward D. Hansen, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ William H. Lucas
 
   
William H. Lucas, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ William J. Robinson
 
   
William J. Robinson, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Edward C. Rubatino
 
   
Edward C. Rubatino, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Darrell J. Storkson
 
   
Darrell J. Storkson, Director
 
       
February 29, 2008
 
/s/ Mark O. Zenger
 
   
Mark O. Zenger, Director
 
 
 


 
 
(3)(a)
Articles of Incorporation of Frontier Financial Corporation are incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 20, 1998 (File No. 000-15540).
   
(3)(b)
By-Laws of Frontier Financial Corporation are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to Form 10Q filed on October 29, 2003.
   
*(10)(a)
Amended and Restated Frontier Financial Corporation Incentive Stock Option Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed March 27, 1998 (File No. 333-48805).
   
*(10)(b)
Frontier Financial Corporation 1999 Employee Stock Award Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed March 2, 1999 (File No. 333-73217).
   
*(10)(c)
Frontier Financial Corporation 2001 Stock Award Plan, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed January 26, 2001 (File No. 333-54362).
   
*(10)(d)
Frontier Financial Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan and Interbancorp, Inc. Director Stock Option Plan, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed January 26, 2001 (File No. 333-37242).
   
*(10)(e)
Interbancorp, Inc. Employee Stock Option Plan and Interbancorp, Inc. Director Stock Option Plan, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed February 13, 2001 (File No. 333-50882).
   
*(10)(f)
Frontier Financial Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan and NorthStar Bank Employee Stock Option Plan, NorthStar Bank 1994 Employee Stock Option Plan, and NorthStar Bank Director Nonqualified Stock Option Plan, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed March 16, 2006 (File No. 333-132487).
   
*(10)(g)
Frontier Financial Corporation 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed August 4, 2006 (File No. 333-136298).
   
*(10)(h)
Change of Control Agreement with John J. Dickson is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 19, 2006 (File No. 000-15540).
   
*(10)(i)
Form of Change of Control Agreement with other Executive Officers.
   
(13)
Portions of the Annual Report to Shareowners for the year ended December 31, 2007, are incorporated by reference herein.
   
**(14)
Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers.
   
(21)
Subsidiaries of Registrant.
   
(23.1)
Consent of Moss Adams LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
   
(31.1)
302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
   
(31.2)
302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
   
(32)
Certification pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
 
    Compensatory plan or arrangement.
**    Previously filed.

 
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