Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash

The Company maintains all of its cash in various bank deposit accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. No losses have been experienced on such accounts.

Receivables

Receivables are carried at original invoice less estimates made for doubtful receivables. Management determines the allowances for doubtful accounts by reviewing and identifying troubled accounts on a periodic basis and by using historical experience applied to an aging of accounts. A receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding beyond the stipulated due date. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method. 

Depreciation

Equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred; renewals and betterments which significantly extend the useful lives of existing equipment are capitalized. Significant leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the term of the lease; equipment is depreciated over three to ten years. Depreciation expense was $4,298 and $6,852 for the nine month periods ending January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Prepaid Expenses

Certain expenses, primarily insurance and income taxes, have been prepaid and will be used within one year.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)", which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605, Revenue Recognition. Several additional ASUs have subsequently been issued amending and clarifying the standard. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance provides a five-step process to achieve that core principle and to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The updates may be applied retrospectively for each period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment at the date of adoption.

The Company adopted this standard on May 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. The impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements is as follows:

• The Company’s revenue is primarily generated from the sales of products directly to customers or through distribution channels, based on purchase orders and not supply contracts providing for additional goods or services once the products are transferred to the customer. The Company’s performance obligations underlying such sales, and the timing of revenue recognition related thereto, remain substantially unchanged following the adoption of this ASU.

• The adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 requires that the Company recognize its sales return allowance on a gross basis rather than as a net liability. As such, the Company now recognizes a return asset for the right to recover the goods returned by the customer, measured at the former carrying amount of the products, less any expected recovery costs (recorded as an increase to prepaid expenses and other current assets), and a return liability for the amount of expected returns (recorded as an increase to other current liabilities). The Company’s analysis of sales returns over the past several years noted that sales returns are nominal and therefore no sales return allowance is deemed necessary.

There was no adjustment necessary for fiscal year ending April 30, 2019 or prior in relation to the change in the revenue recognition policy and no significant effects on the nine month period ending January 31, 2020.

Shipping and Handling

Shipping and handling fees billed to customer, if any, are netted against the related costs which are included in cost of sales. The net cost is not material.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the financial statements and consist of taxes currently due and deferred taxes related primarily to differences in the methods of accounting for patents, inventories, certain accrued expenses and bad debt expenses for financial and income tax reporting purposes. The deferred income taxes represent the future tax consequences of those differences, which will be taxable in the future.

The Company files tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and with the state of Illinois. Various tax years remain open to examinations, generally for three years after filing, although there are currently no ongoing tax examinations. Management’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

The provision for income taxes consists of the following components for the nine month periods ended January 31:

	2020		2010
Current
Federal	$	6,986	$	23,863
State		3,205		11,925
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes	$	10,191	$	35,788

The differences between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate are as follows:

	Period ended January 31,
	2020			2019
U.S. federal statutory tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%
State income tax expense, net of     Federal tax benefit		9.2			7.51
Effective Tax Rate		30.2	%		28.51	%

Research and Development and Patents

Research and development expenditures are charged to operations as incurred. The costs of obtaining patents, primarily legal fees, are capitalized and, once obtained, are amortized over the life of the respective patent on the straight-line method.

Patent amortization expense for the nine months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019 were $10,232 and $8,994 respectively.

Patents relate to products that have been developed and are being marketed by the Company. Patents pending relate to products under development.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Income Per Common Share

Income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Basic and diluted net income per common share is the same for the nine months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019 as there are no common stock equivalents.

Comprehensive Income

Components of comprehensive income include amounts that are included in the comprehensive income but are excluded from net income. During the nine month periods ending January 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no differences between the Company’s net income and comprehensive income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments based on current market interest rates relative to stated

interest rates, length to maturity and the existence of readily determinable market prices. Based on the Company’s analysis, the fair value of financial instruments recorded on the balances sheets as of January 31, 2020 and April 30, 2019, approximates their carrying value.

Segments

Accounting standards have established annual reporting standards for an enterprise’s operating segments and related disclosures about its products, services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company’s operations were a single reportable segment and an international segment. The international segment operations are immaterial. See Note 7.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The FASB issues ASUs to amend the authoritative literature in ASC. There have been a number of ASUs to date that amend the original text of ASCs. Those issued to date either (i) provide supplemental guidance, (ii) are technical corrections, (iii) are not applicable to the Company or (iv) are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company,