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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______________________to _______________________
Commission file number 001-13253
RENASANT CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Mississippi 64-0676974
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
209 Troy Street,Tupelo,Mississippi 38804-4827
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(662) 680-1001
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $5.00 par value per shareRNSTThe New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.     Yes þ No ¨ 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.     Yes ¨ No þ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated FilerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.                                   
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  No



As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock, $5.00 par value per share, held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the last sale price as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market for such date, was $1,429,562,972.
As of February 16, 2024, 56,216,702 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $5.00 par value per share, were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Renasant Corporation are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.



Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
CONTENTS
 
Page
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16.
S-1




CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain or incorporate by reference statements regarding Renasant Corporation (referred to herein as the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words “believes,” “expects,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “plans,” “potential,” “focus,” “possible,” “may increase,” “may fluctuate,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could,” are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts. Forward-looking statements include information about the Company’s future financial performance, business strategy, projected plans and objectives and are based on the current beliefs and expectations of management. The Company’s management believes these forward-looking statements are reasonable, but they are all inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. Actual results may differ from those indicated or implied in the forward-looking statements, and such differences may be material.
Important factors currently known to management that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include the following:
the Company’s ability to efficiently integrate acquisitions into its operations, retain the customers of these businesses, grow the acquired operations and realize the cost savings expected from an acquisition to the extent and in the timeframe anticipated by management;
the effect of economic conditions and interest rates on a national, regional or international basis;
timing and success of the implementation of changes in operations to achieve enhanced earnings or effect cost savings;
competitive pressures in the consumer finance, commercial finance, insurance, financial services, asset management, retail banking, factoring, mortgage lending and auto lending industries;
the financial resources of, and products available from, competitors;
changes in laws and regulations as well as changes in accounting standards;
changes in policy by regulatory agencies;
changes in the securities and foreign exchange markets;
the Company’s potential growth, including its entrance or expansion into new markets, and the need for sufficient capital to support that growth;
changes in the quality or composition of the Company’s loan or investment portfolios, including adverse developments in borrower industries or in the repayment ability of individual borrowers or issuers of investment securities, or the impact of interest rates on the value of our investment securities portfolio;
an insufficient allowance for credit losses as a result of inaccurate assumptions;
changes in the sources and costs of the capital we used to make loans and otherwise fund our operations due to deposit outflows, changes in the mix of deposits and the cost and availability of borrowings;
general economic, market or business conditions, including the impact of inflation;
changes in demand for loan products and financial services;
concentrations of deposit or credit exposure;
changes or the lack of changes in interest rates, yield curves and interest rate spread relationships;
increased cybersecurity risk, including potential network breaches, business disruptions or financial losses;
civil unrest, natural disasters, epidemics and other catastrophic events in the Company’s geographic area;
the impact, extent and timing of technological changes; and
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other circumstances, many of which are beyond management’s control.
The Company believes that the assumptions underlying its forward-looking statements are reasonable, but any of the assumptions could prove to be inaccurate. Investors are urged to carefully consider the risks described elsewhere in this report and in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are available at www.renasant.com and the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The Company undertakes no obligation, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information or to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, except as required by federal securities laws.
The information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is as of February 16, 2024 unless otherwise indicated herein.

PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Renasant Corporation, a Mississippi corporation incorporated in 1982, owns and operates Renasant Bank, a Mississippi banking corporation with operations throughout the Southeast as well as offering factoring and asset-based lending on a nationwide basis. Renasant Bank, in turn, owns and operates Renasant Insurance, Inc., a Mississippi corporation with operations in Mississippi, Park Place Capital Corporation, a Tennessee corporation with operations across our footprint, and Continental Republic Capital, LLC (doing business as “Republic Business Credit”), a Louisiana limited liability company with nationwide operations. In this Annual Report, Renasant Bank is sometimes referred to as the “Bank,” while Renasant Insurance, Inc. is referred to as “Renasant Insurance,” Park Place Capital Corporation is referred to as “Park Place Capital,” and Continental Republic Capital, LLC is referred to as “Republic Business Credit.”
Our vision is to be the financial services advisor and provider of choice in each community we serve. With this vision in mind, management has organized the branch banks into community banks using a franchise concept. The franchise approach empowers community bank presidents to execute their own business plans in order to achieve our vision. Specific performance measurement tools are available to assist these presidents in determining the success of their plan implementation. A few of the ratios used in measuring the success of their business plan include:
return on average assetsnet interest margin and spread
the efficiency ratiofee income shown as a percentage of loans and deposits
loan and deposit growththe volume and cost of deposits
net charge-offs to average loansthe percentage of loans past due and nonaccruing
While we have preserved decision-making at a local level, we have centralized our legal, accounting, investment, risk management, loan review, human resources, audit and data processing/operations functions. The centralization of these functions enables us to maintain consistent quality and achieve certain economies of scale.
Our vision is further validated through our core values which include: (1) employees are our greatest assets, (2) quality is not negotiable and (3) clients’ trust is foremost. Centered on these values was the development of our strategic plan, which focuses on attracting high quality, organic loan growth and increasing our noninterest income, improving our operating efficiency and enhancing our technological capabilities, remaining opportunistic, and achieving financial performance targets. We believe that the successful implementation of our strategic plan will promote the satisfaction and development of our employees, clients and shareholders.
Members of our Board of Directors also serve as members of the Board of Directors of the Bank (which has a broader membership than the Company board). Responsibility for the management of the Bank remains with the Board of Directors and officers of the Bank; however, management services rendered by the Company to the Bank are intended to supplement internal management and expand the scope of banking services normally offered by the Bank.
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Operations
The Company has three reportable segments: a Community Banks segment, an Insurance segment and a Wealth Management segment. We do not have any foreign operations.
Operations of Community Banks
Substantially all of our business activities are conducted through, and substantially all of our assets and revenues are derived from, the operations of our community banks, which offer a complete range of banking and financial services to individuals and to businesses of all sizes. As described in more detail below, these services include business and personal loans, interim construction loans, specialty commercial lending, factoring and asset-based lending, treasury management services and checking and savings accounts, as well as safe deposit boxes and night depository facilities. Automated teller machines are located throughout our market area, and we have interactive teller machines in many of our urban markets. Our Online and Mobile Banking products and our call center also provide 24-hour banking services.
As of December 31, 2023, we had 181 banking, lending and mortgage offices located throughout our markets in the Southeast, while our subsidiary Republic Business Credit had four stand-alone offices in California, Illinois, Louisiana and Texas. Customers may also conduct many banking transactions, such as opening deposit accounts and applying for certain types of loans, through our Online and Mobile Banking Products.
Lending Activities.  Income generated by our lending activities, in the form of interest income, loan-related fees, and income from the sale and servicing of mortgage loans, comprises a substantial portion of our revenue, accounting for approximately 82.8%, 75.1% and 78.7% of our total gross revenues in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. (Total gross revenues consist of interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis and noninterest income.) Our lending philosophy is to minimize credit losses by following strict credit approval standards, diversifying our loan portfolio by both type and geography and conducting ongoing review and management of the loan portfolio. Loans are originated through either our commercial lending groups or personal bankers depending on the relationship and type of service or product desired. Our commercial lending group provides banking services to corporations or other business customers and originates loans for general corporate purposes, such as financing for commercial and industrial projects or income producing commercial real estate. Also included in our commercial lending group are experienced lenders within our specialty lines of business, which consist of our asset-based lending, Small Business Administration lending, healthcare, factoring, and equipment lease financing banking groups. Our personal banking group provides small consumer installment loans, residential real estate loans, lines of credit and construction financing and originates conventional first and second mortgages.
The following is a general description of each of the principal types of loans in our loan portfolio, the relative credit risk of each type of loan and the steps we take to reduce such risk. Our loans are primarily generated within the market areas where our offices are located.
— Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Loans. Commercial, financial and agricultural loans (referred to as “C&I loans”), which accounted for approximately 15.15% of our total loans at December 31, 2023, are customarily granted to established local business customers in our market area on a fully collateralized basis to meet their credit needs. The terms and loan structure are dependent on the collateral and strength of the borrower. Loan-to-value ratios typically range from 50% to 85%, depending on the type of collateral. Terms are typically short term in nature and are commensurate with the secondary source of repayment that serves as our collateral.
Although C&I loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, including receivables, the repayment of this type of loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness and projected cash flow of the borrower (and any guarantors). Thus, the chief considerations when assessing the risk of a C&I loan are the local business borrower’s ability to sell its products/services, thereby generating sufficient operating revenue to repay us under the agreed upon terms and conditions, and the general business conditions of the local economy or other market that the business serves. The liquidation of collateral is considered a secondary source of repayment. Another source of repayment are guarantors of the loan, if any. To manage these risks, the Bank’s policy is to secure its C&I loans with both the assets of the borrowing business and any other collateral and guarantees that may be available. In addition, we actively monitor certain financial measures of the borrower, including advance rate, cash flow, collateral value and other appropriate credit factors. We use C&I loan credit scoring models for smaller-size loans.
The Company’s factoring receivables are categorized as C&I loans. In assessing the risk associated with this type of loan, management considers the ability of the client’s account customer, rather than the client itself, to repay the Company.
— Real Estate – 1-4 Family Mortgage. We are active in the real estate – 1-4 family mortgage area (referred to as “residential real estate loans”), with approximately 27.85% of our total loans at December 31, 2023, being residential real estate loans. In addition, in 2023, we originated for sale on the secondary market approximately $2.1 billion in residential real estate loans
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through our Mortgage division. We offer both first and second mortgages on residential real estate. Loans secured by residential real estate in which the property is the principal residence of the borrower are referred to as “primary” 1-4 family mortgages. Loans secured by residential real estate in which the property is rented to tenants or is not otherwise the principal residence of the borrower are referred to as “rental/investment” 1-4 family mortgages. We also offer loans for the preparation of residential real property prior to construction (referred to as “residential land development loans”). In addition, we offer home equity loans or lines of credit and term loans secured by first and second mortgages on the residences of borrowers who elect to use the accumulated equity in their homes for purchases, refinances, home improvements, education and other personal expenditures. Both fixed and variable rate loans are offered with competitive terms and fees. Originations of residential real estate loans are generated through retail efforts in our branches or originations by or referrals from our Mortgage division or online by our retail mortgage originators. We attempt to minimize the risk associated with residential real estate loans by strictly scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower; typically, we also limit the maximum loan-to-value ratio. With respect to second lien home equity loans or lines of credit, which inherently carry a higher risk of loss upon default, we limit our exposure by limiting these types of loans to borrowers with higher credit scores.
We retain residential real estate loans in our portfolio when the Bank has sufficient liquidity to fund the needs of established customers and when rates are favorable to retain the loans. Retained portfolio loans are made primarily through the Bank’s variable-rate mortgage product offerings.
As noted above, we also originate residential real estate loans with the intention of selling them in the secondary market to third party private investors or directly to government sponsored entities. In addition to the origination channels mentioned above, mortgage loans held for sale are also originated through wholesale relationships where we purchase loans from smaller banks, credit unions and brokerage shops. When these loans are sold, we either release or retain the related servicing rights, depending on a number of factors, such as the pricing of such loans in the secondary market, fluctuations in interest rates that would impact the profitability of the loans and other market-related conditions. Residential real estate originations to be sold are sold either on a “best efforts” basis or under a “mandatory delivery” sales agreement. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, residential real estate originations are locked in at a contractual rate with third party private investors or directly with government sponsored agencies, and we are obligated to sell the mortgages to such investors only if the mortgages are closed and funded. The risk we assume is conditioned upon loan underwriting and market conditions in the national mortgage market. Under a “mandatory delivery” sales agreement, the Company commits to deliver a certain principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price and delivery date. Penalties are paid to the investor if we fail to satisfy the contract. The Company does not actively market or originate subprime mortgage loans.
— Real Estate – Commercial Mortgage. Our real estate – commercial mortgage loans (“commercial real estate loans”) represented approximately 44.43% of our total loans at December 31, 2023. Included in this portfolio are loans in which the owner develops a property with the intention of locating its business there. These loans are referred to as “owner-occupied” commercial real estate loans. Payments on these loans are dependent on the successful development and management of the business as well as the borrower’s ability to generate sufficient operating revenue to repay the loan. The Bank mitigates the risk that our estimate of value will prove to be inaccurate by having sufficient sources of secondary repayment as well as guarantor support. In some instances, in addition to our mortgage on the underlying real estate of the business, our commercial real estate loans are secured by other non-real estate collateral, such as equipment or other assets used in the business.
In addition to owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, we offer loans in which the owner develops a property where the source of repayment of the loan will come from the sale or lease of the developed property, for example, retail shopping centers, hotels and storage facilities. These loans are referred to as “non-owner occupied” commercial real estate loans. We also offer commercial real estate loans to developers of commercial properties for purposes of site acquisition and preparation and other development prior to actual construction (referred to as “commercial land development loans”). Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and commercial land development loans are dependent on the successful completion of the project and may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy as a whole.
We seek to minimize risks relating to all commercial real estate loans by limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio and strictly scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower, the quality of the collateral, the management of the property securing the loan and, where applicable, the financial strength of the tenant occupying the property. Loans are usually structured either to fully amortize over the term of the loan or to balloon after the third year or fifth year of the loan, typically with an amortization period not to exceed 20 years. We also actively monitor such financial measures as advance rate, cash flow, collateral value and other appropriate credit factors. We generally obtain loan guarantees from financially capable parties to the transaction based on a review of the guarantor’s financial statements.
— Real Estate – Construction. Our real estate – construction loans (“construction loans”) represented approximately 10.79% of our total loans at December 31, 2023. Our construction loan portfolio consists of loans for the construction of single family residential properties, multi-family properties and commercial projects. Maturities for construction loans generally range from
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six to 12 months for residential property and from 24 to 36 months for non-residential and multi-family properties. Similar to non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, the source of repayment of a construction loan comes from the sale or lease of newly-constructed property, although often construction loans are repaid with the proceeds of a commercial real estate loan that we make to the owner or lessor of the newly-constructed property.
Construction lending entails significant additional risks compared to residential real estate or commercial real estate lending, including the risk that loan funds are advanced upon the security of the property under construction, which is of uncertain value prior to the completion of construction. The risk is to evaluate accurately the total loan funds required to complete a project and to ensure proper loan-to-value ratios during the construction phase. We address the risks associated with construction lending in a number of ways. As a threshold matter, we generally limit loan-to-value and loan-to-cost ratios to regulatory guidance of 85% of when-completed appraised values for owner-occupied and investor-owned residential or commercial properties, with the exception of those loans with clearly definable risk mitigants. We monitor draw requests either internally or with the assistance of a third party, creating an additional safeguard that ensures advances are in line with project budgets.
— Installment Loans to Individuals. Installment loans to individuals (or “consumer loans”), which represented approximately 0.84% of our total loans at December 31, 2023, are granted to individuals for the purchase of personal goods. Loss or decline of income by the borrower due to unplanned occurrences represents the primary risk of default to us. In the event of default, a shortfall in the value of the collateral may pose a loss to us in this loan category. Before making a consumer loan, we assess the applicant’s credit history and ability to meet existing and proposed debt obligations. Although the applicant’s creditworthiness is the primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral, if any, to the proposed loan amount. We obtain a lien against the collateral securing the loan and hold title until the loan is repaid in full.
— Equipment Financing and Leasing. Equipment financing loans (or “lease financing loans”), which represented approximately 0.94% of our total loans at December 31, 2023, are granted to provide capital to businesses for commercial equipment needs. These loans are generally granted for periods ranging between two and five years at fixed rates of interest. Loss or decline of income by the borrower due to unplanned occurrences represents the primary risk of default to us. In the event of default, a shortfall in the value of the collateral may pose a loss to us in this loan category. We obtain a lien against the collateral securing the loan and hold title (if applicable) until the loan is repaid in full. Transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, material handling, printing and construction are the industries that typically obtain lease financing. In addition, we offer a product tailored to qualified not-for-profit customers that provides real estate financing at tax-exempt rates.
Addressing Aggregate Lending Risks. In addition to the steps described above to mitigate the risks posed by any individual loan relationship, management has implemented a structure that proactively monitors the risk to the Company presented by the Bank’s loan portfolio as a whole. First, we purposefully manage the loan portfolio to avoid excessive concentrations in any particular loan category, industry or geographic region. Our goal is to structure the loan portfolio so that it is well balanced among C&I loans, owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans and consumer loans and other lending categories while taking into account current market risks and lending opportunities. Construction and land development loans are allocated between the commercial real estate and residential real estate categories based on the property securing the loan. With respect to construction and land development loans in particular, management monitors whether the allocation of these loans across geography and asset type heightens the general risk associated with these types of loans. We also monitor concentrations in our construction and land development loans based on regulatory guidelines promulgated by banking regulators, which involves evaluating the aggregate value of these loans as a percentage of our risk-based capital (this is referred to as the “100/300 Test” and is discussed in more detail under the “Supervision and Regulation” heading below) as well as monitoring loans considered to be high volatility commercial real estate. A further discussion of the risk reduction policies and procedures applicable to our lending activities can be found in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, under the heading “Risk Management – Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Unfunded Commitments.”
Investment Activities. We acquire investment securities to provide a source for meeting our liquidity needs, to generate investment returns and to supply securities to be used in collateralizing certain deposits and other types of borrowings. We primarily acquire mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by government-sponsored entities such as FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA (colloquially known as “Fannie Mae,” “Freddie Mac” and “Ginnie Mae,” respectively) as well as municipal securities. Generally, cash flows from maturities and calls of our investment securities that are not used to fund loan growth or repay debt are reinvested in investment securities. We also hold investments in corporate debt and pooled trust preferred securities. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s investment securities included both available for sale and held to maturity classifications.
Investment income generated by our investment activities, both taxable and tax-exempt, accounted for approximately 1.1%, 7.9% and 5.1% of our total gross revenues in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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Deposit Services. We offer a broad range of deposit services and products to our consumer and commercial clients. Through our community branch networks, we offer consumer checking accounts with free online and mobile banking, which includes bill pay and transfer features, remote deposit capture, peer-to-peer payment, interest bearing checking, money market accounts, savings accounts, certificates of deposit, individual retirement accounts and health savings accounts.
For our commercial clients, we offer competitive checking and savings services and a suite of treasury management products, including remote deposit capture, account reconciliation, electronic statements, fraud protection via positive pay, ACH origination and wire transfer, lockbox services, overnight investment sweep options, enhanced business Internet banking and mobile banking.
Fees generated through the deposit services we offer accounted for approximately 5.7%, 7.6% and 7.2% of our total gross revenues in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Excluding brokered deposits, the deposits held by the Bank have been primarily generated within the market areas where our branches are located.
Operations of Wealth Management
Our Wealth Management segment operates through two divisions: Trust and Financial Services. The Trust division, which is housed in the Bank’s trust department, offers a wide variety of fiduciary and custodial services, including investment advisory, accounting and administrative services (acting as trustee or in other capacities) for qualified retirement and other employee benefit plans, IRAs, personal trusts and estates. Our fees for managing these accounts are based on changes in market values of the assets under management in the account, with the amount of the fee depending on services we provide and the type of account.
The Financial Services division, which primarily operates through Park Place Capital (although the Bank’s trust department maintains some legacy financial service operations), offers specialized products and services to our customers. These products and services include fixed and variable annuities, mutual funds and stocks, some of which are offered through a third party provider. Park Place Capital also provides administrative and compliance services for certain mutual funds.
For 2023, the Wealth Management segment generated total revenue of $25.3 million, or 2.8% of the Company’s total gross revenues. Wealth Management operations are headquartered in Tupelo, Mississippi, and Birmingham, Alabama, but our products and services are available to customers in all of our markets through our community banks.
Operations of Insurance
Renasant Insurance is a full-service insurance agency offering all lines of commercial and personal insurance through major carriers. For 2023, Renasant Insurance generated total revenue of $14.2 million, or 1.5% of the Company’s total gross revenues, and operated eight offices throughout north and north central Mississippi.
Competition
Community Banks
Vigorous competition exists in all major product and geographic areas in which we conduct banking business. We compete through the Bank for available loans and deposits and the provision of other financial services (such as treasury management) with state, regional and national banks as well as savings and loan associations, credit unions, finance companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies, brokerage firms and investment companies in all of our service areas. All of these numerous institutions compete in the delivery of products and services through availability, quality and pricing, and many of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we do, including higher total assets and capitalization, larger technology and marketing budgets and a broader offering of financial services.
Wealth Management
Our Wealth Management segment competes with other banks, brokerage firms, financial advisers and trust companies, which provide one or more of the services and products that we offer. Our wealth management operations compete on the basis of available product lines, rates and fees, as well as reputation and professional expertise. No particular company or group of companies dominates this industry in our markets.
Insurance
We encounter strong competition in the markets in which we conduct insurance operations. Through our insurance subsidiary, we compete with independent insurance agencies and agencies affiliated with other banks and/or insurance carriers. All of these
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agencies compete in the delivery of personal and commercial product lines. There is no dominant insurance agency in our markets.
Supervision and Regulation
General
The U.S. banking industry is highly regulated under federal and state law. We are a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”). As a result, we are subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). The Bank is a commercial bank chartered under the laws of the State of Mississippi; it is not a member of the Federal Reserve System. As a Mississippi non-member bank, the Bank is subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance (the “DBCF”), as the chartering entity of the Bank, and by the FDIC, as the insurer of the Bank’s deposits. As an institution with more than $10 billion in assets, we are subject to examination by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) for compliance with federal consumer protection laws. Finally, as a publicly-traded company, the Company must comply with federal securities laws administered by the SEC as well as the listing rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). As a result of this extensive system of supervision and regulation, the growth and earnings performance of the Company and the Bank are affected not only by management decisions and general and local economic conditions, but also by the statutes, rules, regulations and policies administered by the Federal Reserve, the FDIC, the DBCF, the CFPB, the SEC and other federal and state regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over our operations.
The bank regulatory scheme has two primary goals: to maintain a safe and sound banking system and to facilitate the conduct of sound monetary policy. This scheme, including the laws and regulations administered by the CFPB, also seeks to ensure broad, non-discriminatory access to financial services on fair and reasonable terms. This comprehensive system of supervision and regulation is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC’s deposit insurance fund, bank depositors, consumers and the public in general, rather than our shareholders or creditors. To this end, federal and state banking laws and regulations govern, among other things, the types of activities in which we and the Bank may engage, the terms and conditions of our products and services and the manner in which we offer our products and services, permissible investments, the level of reserves that the Bank must maintain against deposits, minimum equity capital levels, the nature and amount of collateral required for loans, maximum interest rates that can be charged, the manner and amount of the dividends that may be paid, and corporate activities regarding mergers, acquisitions and the establishment of branch offices. The federal securities laws are designed to protect investors, maintain the integrity and efficiency of the securities trading markets and facilitate capital formation. These goals are accomplished through rules that restrict the type of activities we can engage in with respect to our publicly-traded securities and through a disclosure regime requiring us to disclose a significant amount of information on an annual, quarterly and current basis.
The description below summarizes certain elements of the regulatory framework applicable to us and the Bank. This summary is not, however, intended to describe all laws, regulations and policies applicable to us and the Bank, and the description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the statutes, regulations, policies, interpretative letters and other written guidance that are described below. Further, the following discussion addresses the regulatory framework as in effect as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Legislation and regulatory action to implement new laws and regulations and to revise existing federal and Mississippi banking, consumer protection, securities and other applicable laws and regulations, sometimes in a substantial manner, are continually under consideration by the U.S. Congress, state legislatures and federal and state regulatory agencies. Accordingly, the following discussion must be read in light of the enactment of any new federal or state banking laws or regulations or any amendment or repeal of existing laws or regulations, or any change in the policies of the regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over the Company’s operations, after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Supervision and Regulation of Renasant Corporation
General. As a bank holding company registered under the BHC Act, we are subject to the regulation and supervision applicable to bank holding companies by the Federal Reserve. The BHC Act and other federal laws subject bank holding companies to particular restrictions on the types of activities in which they may engage and to a range of supervisory requirements and activities, including regulatory enforcement actions for violations of laws and regulations or engaging in unsafe and unsound banking practices. The Federal Reserve’s jurisdiction also extends to any company that we directly or indirectly control, such as any non-bank subsidiaries and other companies in which we own a controlling investment.
Scope of Permissible Activities. Under the BHC Act, we are prohibited from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks or furnishing services to or performing services for the Bank and from acquiring a direct or indirect interest in or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank or financial holding company. The principal exception to this prohibition is that we may engage, directly or indirectly (including through the ownership of shares of another company), in certain activities that the Federal Reserve has found to be so closely
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related to banking or managing and controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In making determinations whether activities are closely related to banking or managing banks, the Federal Reserve must consider whether the performance of such activities by a bank holding company or its subsidiaries can reasonably be expected to produce benefits to the public, such as greater convenience, increased competition or gains in efficiency of resources, and whether such public benefits outweigh the risks of possible adverse effects, such as decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest or unsound banking practices. Currently-permitted activities include, among others, operating a mortgage, finance, credit card or factoring company; providing certain data processing, storage and transmission services; acting as an investment or financial advisor; acting as an insurance agent for certain types of credit-related insurance; leasing personal or real property on a non-operating basis; and providing certain stock brokerage services.
Pursuant to the amendment to the BHC Act effected by the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 (commonly referred to as the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act, or the “GLBA”), a bank holding company whose subsidiary deposit institutions are “well capitalized” and “well managed” may elect to become a “financial holding company” and thereby engage without prior Federal Reserve approval in certain banking and non-banking activities that are deemed to be financial in nature or incidental to financial activity. These “financial in nature” activities include securities underwriting, dealing and market making; organizing, sponsoring and managing mutual funds; insurance underwriting and agency activities; merchant banking activities; and other activities that the Federal Reserve has determined to be closely related to banking. No regulatory approval is required for a financial holding company to acquire a company, other than a bank or savings association, engaged in activities that are financial in nature or incidental to activities that are financial in nature, as determined by the Federal Reserve. We have not elected to become a financial holding company.
A dominant theme of the GLBA is functional regulation of financial services, with the primary regulator of the Company or its subsidiaries being the agency that traditionally regulates the activity in which the Company or its subsidiaries wish to engage. For example, the SEC regulates bank holding company securities transactions, and the various banking regulators oversee our banking activities.
Capital Adequacy Guidelines. The Federal Reserve has adopted risk-based capital guidelines for bank holding companies. The risk-based capital guidelines are designed to make regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banks and bank holding companies, to factor off-balance sheet exposure into the assessment of capital adequacy, to minimize disincentives for holding liquid, low-risk assets and to achieve greater consistency in the evaluation of the capital adequacy of major banking organizations worldwide. Under these guidelines, assets and off-balance sheet items are assigned to broad risk categories, each with appropriate weights. The resulting capital ratios represent capital as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets and off-balance sheet items. In addition to the risk-based capital guidelines, the Federal Reserve has adopted a minimum Tier 1 capital (leverage) ratio, under which a bank holding company must maintain a minimum level of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets of at least 4%.
The capital requirements applicable to the Company are substantially similar to those imposed on the Bank under FDIC regulations, described below under the heading “Supervision and Regulation of Renasant Bank - Capital Adequacy Guidelines.”
Payment of Dividends; Source of Strength. Under Federal Reserve policy, in general a bank holding company should pay dividends only when (1) its net income available to shareholders over the last four quarters (net of dividends paid) has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends, (2) the prospective rate of earnings retention appears to be consistent with the capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition of the bank holding company and its subsidiaries and (3) the bank holding company will continue to meet minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios after giving effect to the dividend.
The Federal Reserve provided guidance on the criteria it uses to evaluate a bank holding company’s request to pay dividends in an aggregate amount that will exceed the company’s earnings for the period in which the dividends will be paid. For purposes of this analysis, “dividend” includes not only dividends on preferred and common equity but also dividends on debt underlying trust preferred securities and other Tier 1 capital instruments. The criteria evaluates whether the holding company (1) has net income over the past four quarters sufficient to fully fund the proposed dividend (taking into account prior dividends paid during this period), (2) is considering stock repurchases or redemptions in the quarter, (3) does not have a concentration in commercial real estate and (4) is in good supervisory condition, based on its overall condition and its asset quality risk. A holding company not meeting these criteria will require more in-depth consultations with the Federal Reserve.
In addition, a bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary bank(s). This means that we are expected to use available resources to provide adequate financial resources to the Bank, including during periods of financial stress or adversity, and to maintain the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting the Bank where necessary. In addition, any capital loans that we make to the Bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of the Bank. In the event of our bankruptcy, any commitment by us to a
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federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of the Bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.
Acquisitions by Bank Holding Companies. The BHC Act requires every bank holding company to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve (subject to waiver under certain circumstances) before it acquires all or substantially all of the assets of any bank, merges or consolidates with another bank holding company or acquires ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank if after such acquisition it would own or control, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of the voting shares of such bank. The Federal Reserve will not approve any acquisition, merger or consolidation that would have a substantially anti-competitive effect, unless the anti-competitive impact of the proposed transaction is clearly outweighed by a greater public interest in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served. The Federal Reserve also considers capital adequacy and other financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the companies and the banks concerned, together with the convenience and needs of the community to be served and the record of the bank holding company and its subsidiary bank(s) in combating money laundering activities. Finally, in order to acquire a bank located outside its home state, a bank holding company and its subsidiary institutions must be “well capitalized” and “well managed.” In addition, as detailed under the heading “Scope of Permissible Activities” above, we cannot acquire direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the voting shares of a company engaged in non-banking activities.
Control Acquisitions. Federal and state laws, including the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act, also impose prior notice or approval requirements and ongoing regulatory requirements on any investor that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or bank holding company. “Control” of a depository institution is a facts and circumstances analysis, but generally an investor is deemed to control a depository institution or other company if the investor owns or controls 25% or more of any class of voting securities. For ownership or control at less than the 25% level, there are multiple factors that contribute to whether “control” will be presumed to exist, which depend on the ownership level of the depository institution or bank holding company’s voting securities. These presumptions are rebuttable.
Anti-Tying Restrictions. Bank holding companies and their affiliates are prohibited from tying the provision of certain services, such as extensions of credit, to other nonbanking services offered by a bank holding company or its affiliates.
Status as a Public Company. As a publicly-traded company, Renasant Corporation is also subject to laws, rules and regulations, as well as the standards of self-regulatory organizations, relating to corporate governance, financial reporting and public disclosure, and auditor independence, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), SEC rules and regulations and NYSE listing rules. We incur significant expense in, and devote substantial management time and attention to, complying with these laws, regulations and standards, which are subject to varying interpretations, amendment or outright repeal. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance, financial reporting and public disclosure, and management continually monitors changes in laws, rules and regulations, as well as best practices, in this area to ensure that we fulfill this commitment.
Supervision and Regulation of Renasant Bank
General. As a Mississippi-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to the regulation and supervision of the DBCF. As an FDIC-insured institution that is not a member of the Federal Reserve, the Bank is subject to the regulation and supervision of the FDIC. The regulations of the FDIC and the DBCF affect virtually all of the Bank’s activities, including the minimum levels of capital required, the ability to pay dividends, mergers and acquisitions, borrowing and the ability to expand through new branches or acquisitions and various other matters. Finally, having more than $10 billion in assets, our compliance with federal consumer protection laws is subject to examination by the CFPB.
Insurance of Deposits. The deposits of the Bank are insured through the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) up to $250,000 for most accounts. The FDIC administers the DIF, and the FDIC must by law maintain the DIF at an amount equal to a specified percentage of the estimated annual insured deposits or assessment base. The minimum designated reserve ratio of the DIF is 1.35% of total insured deposits, but the FDIC is authorized to designate a reserve ratio above the statutory minimum. The FDIC must offset the effect of this increase for banks with assets less than $10 billion, meaning that banks above such asset threshold, such as the Bank, will bear the cost of the increase.
To fund the DIF, FDIC-insured banks are required to pay deposit insurance assessments to the FDIC on a quarterly basis. An institution’s assessment is based on its average consolidated total assets less its average tangible equity during the assessment period. For banks like Renasant Bank, with assets in excess of $10 billion, the assessment rate is based on both our risk classification and certain forward-looking measures. An institution’s risk classification is assigned based on its capital levels and the level of supervisory concern that the institution poses to the regulators. The higher an institution’s risk classification, the higher its assessment rate (on the assumption that such institutions pose a greater risk of loss to the DIF). In addition, the FDIC can impose special assessments in certain instances. Also, we are subject to a surcharge designed to increase the DIF to specified levels.
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The FDIC may terminate the deposit insurance of any insured depository institution, including the Bank, if it determines after a hearing that the institution has engaged or is engaging in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, order or any condition imposed by an agreement with the FDIC. For an institution with no tangible capital, deposit insurance may be temporarily suspended during the hearing process for the permanent termination of insurance. If the FDIC terminates an institution’s deposit insurance, accounts insured at the time of the termination, less withdrawals, will continue to be insured for a period of six months to two years, as determined by the FDIC. We are not aware of any existing circumstances that would result in termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.
Interstate Banking and Branching. Under federal and Mississippi law, the Bank may establish additional branch offices within Mississippi, subject to the approval of the DBCF, and the Bank can also establish additional branch offices outside Mississippi, subject to prior regulatory approval, so long as the laws of the state where the branch will be located would permit a state bank chartered in that state to establish a branch. Finally, the Bank may also establish offices in other states by merging with banks or by purchasing branches and related assets of banks in other states, subject to certain restrictions.
Dividends. The restrictions and guidelines with respect to the Company’s payment of dividends are described above. As a practical matter, for so long as our operations chiefly consist of the operation of the Bank, the Bank will remain our source of dividend payments. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends depends upon the Bank’s earnings and financial condition.
The ability of the Bank to pay dividends is restricted by federal and state laws, regulations and policies. Under Mississippi law, a Mississippi bank may not pay dividends unless its earned surplus is in excess of three times capital stock. A Mississippi bank with earned surplus in excess of three times capital stock may pay a dividend, subject to the approval of the DBCF. In addition, the FDIC also has the authority to prohibit the Bank from engaging in business practices that the FDIC considers to be unsafe or unsound, which, depending on the financial condition of the Bank, could include the payment of dividends. Federal Reserve regulations also limit the amount the Bank may loan to the Company unless such loans are collateralized by specific obligations. Accordingly, the approval of the DBCF is required prior to the Bank paying dividends to the Company, and under certain circumstances the approval of the FDIC may be required.
Capital Adequacy Guidelines. The FDIC has promulgated risk-based capital guidelines similar to, and with the same underlying purposes as, those established by the Federal Reserve with respect to bank holding companies. Under those guidelines, assets and off-balance sheet items are assigned to broad risk categories, each with appropriate weights. The resulting capital ratios represent capital as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets and off-balance sheet items.
Capital requirements for insured depository institutions are countercyclical, such that capital requirements increase in times of economic expansion and decrease in times of economic contraction.
- Current Guidelines. Under the current risk-based capital adequacy guidelines, we are required to maintain (1) a ratio of common equity Tier 1 capital (“CET1”) to total risk-weighted assets of not less than 4.5%; (2) a minimum leverage capital ratio of 4%; (3) a minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6%; and (4) a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 8%. CET1 generally consists of common stock, retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income and certain minority interests, less certain adjustments and deductions. In addition, we must maintain a “capital conservation buffer,” which is a specified amount of CET1 capital in addition to the amount necessary to meet minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. If our ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted capital is below the capital conservation buffer, we will face restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, repurchase our outstanding stock and make certain discretionary bonus payments. The required capital conservation buffer is 2.5% of CET1 to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet minimum risk-based capital requirements.
In addition, the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency rules for calculating risk-weighted assets have been revised in recent years to enhance risk sensitivity and to incorporate certain international capital standards of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. These revisions affect the calculation of the denominator of a banking organization’s risk-based capital ratios to reflect the higher-risk nature of certain types of loans.
For example, residential mortgages are risk-weighted between 35% and 200%, depending on the mortgage’s loan-to-value ratio and whether the mortgage falls into one of two categories based on eight criteria that include the term, use of negative amortization and balloon payments, certain rate increases and documented and verified borrower income, while a 150% risk weight applies to both certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans as well as non-residential mortgage loans 90 days past due or on nonaccrual status. Also, “hybrid” capital items like trust preferred securities no longer enjoy Tier 1 capital treatment, subject to various grandfathering rules. We and the Bank meet all minimum capital requirements as currently in effect, and our grandfathered trust preferred securities qualify for Tier 1 capital treatment.
For a detailed discussion of the Company’s capital ratios, see Note 20, “Regulatory Matters,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this report.
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-    Prompt Corrective Action. Under Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDIA”), each federal banking agency is required to implement a system of prompt corrective action for institutions that it regulates. The federal banking agencies (including the FDIC) have adopted substantially similar regulations to implement this mandate. Under current regulations, a bank is (1) “well capitalized” if it has total risk-based capital of 10% or more, has a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of 8% or more, has a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%, has a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 5% or more and is not subject to any order or final capital directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure, (2) “adequately capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8% or more, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6% or more, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% and a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 4% or more (3% under certain circumstances) and does not meet the definition of “well capitalized,” (3) “undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 8%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 6%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio that is less than 4.5% or a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio that is less than 4%, (4) “significantly undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based ratio that is less than 6%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 4%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of less than 3% or a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio that is less than 3%, and (5) “critically undercapitalized” if it has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2%.
The capital classification of a bank affects the frequency of regulatory examinations, the bank’s ability to engage in certain activities and the deposit insurance premiums paid by the bank. In addition, federal banking regulators must take various mandatory supervisory actions, and may take other discretionary actions, with respect to institutions in the three undercapitalized categories. The severity of the action depends upon the capital category in which the institution is placed. An institution that is categorized as undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized is required to submit an acceptable capital restoration plan to its appropriate federal banking agency. An undercapitalized institution also is generally prohibited from increasing its average total assets, making acquisitions, establishing any branches or engaging in any new line of business, except under an accepted capital restoration plan or with FDIC approval. Generally, banking regulators must appoint a receiver or conservator for an institution that is critically undercapitalized.
Section 38 of the FDIA and related regulations also specify circumstances under which the FDIC may reclassify a well-capitalized bank as adequately capitalized and may require an adequately capitalized bank or an undercapitalized bank to comply with supervisory actions as if it were in the next lower category (except that the FDIC may not reclassify a significantly undercapitalized bank as critically undercapitalized).
The provisions discussed above, as well as any other aspects of current or proposed regulatory or legislative changes to laws applicable to the financial industry, may impact the profitability of our business activities and may change certain of our business practices, including the ability to offer new products, obtain financing, attract deposits, make loans, and achieve satisfactory interest spreads, and could expose us to additional costs, including increased compliance costs. These changes also may require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes to operations in order to comply, and could therefore also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Interchange Fees. Under Section 1075 of the Dodd-Frank Act (often referred to as the “Durbin Amendment”), the Federal Reserve established standards for assessing whether the interchange fees, or “swipe” fees, that banks charge for processing electronic payment transactions are “reasonable and proportional” to the costs incurred by issuers for processing such transactions. Under the Federal Reserve’s current rules, the maximum permissible interchange fee is no more than 21 cents plus 5 basis points of the transaction value for many types of debit interchange transactions. A debit card issuer may also recover one cent per transaction for fraud prevention purposes if the issuer develops and implements policies and procedures reasonably designed to achieve certain fraud-prevention standards. The Federal Reserve also has rules governing routing and exclusivity that require issuers to offer two unaffiliated networks for routing transactions on each debit or prepaid product.
Activities and Investments of Insured State-Chartered Banks. Section 24 of the FDIA generally limits the activities and equity investments of FDIC-insured, state-chartered banks to those that are permissible for national banks. Under regulations dealing with equity investments, an insured state bank generally may not directly or indirectly acquire or retain any equity investment of a type, or in an amount, that is not permissible for a national bank. An insured state bank is not prohibited from, among other things, taking the following actions:
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-acquiring or retaining a majority interest in a subsidiary;
-investing as a limited partner in a partnership the sole purpose of which is direct or indirect investment in the acquisition, rehabilitation or new construction of a qualified housing project, provided that such limited partnership investments may not exceed 2% of the bank’s total assets;
-acquiring up to 10% of the voting stock of a company that solely provides or reinsures directors’, trustees’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage or bankers’ blanket bond group insurance coverage for insured depository institutions; and
-acquiring or retaining the voting shares of a depository institution if certain requirements are met.
Under FDIC regulations, insured banks engaging in impermissible activities, or banks that wish to engage in otherwise impermissible activities, may seek approval from the FDIC to continue or commence such activities, as the case may be. The FDIC will not approve such an application if the bank does not meet its minimum capital requirements or the proposed activities present a significant risk to the deposit insurance fund.
100/300 Test. In response to rapid growth in commercial real estate (“CRE”) loan concentrations and observed weaknesses in risk management practices at some financial institutions, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency published Joint Guidance on Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices (which we refer to as the “CRE guidance”). The CRE guidance is intended to promote sound risk management practices and appropriate levels of capital to enable institutions to engage in CRE lending in a safe and sound manner. Federal banking regulators use certain criteria to identify financial institutions that are potentially exposed to significant CRE concentration risk. Among other things, an institution will be deemed to potentially have significant CRE concentration risk exposure if, based on its call report, either (1) total loans classified as acquisition, development and construction (“ADC”) loans represent 100% or more of the institution’s total capital or (2) total CRE loans, which consists of ADC and non-owner occupied CRE loans as defined in the CRE guidance, represent 300% or more the institution’s total capital, where the balance of the institution’s CRE loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the prior 36 months. The foregoing criteria are commonly referred to as the 100/300 Test. As of December 31, 2023, our ADC loans represented 83% of our total bank level capital, and our total CRE loans represented 281% of our Bank level capital.
Safety and Soundness. The federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, have implemented rules and guidelines concerning standards for safety and soundness required pursuant to Section 39 of the FDIA. In general, the standards relate to operational and managerial matters, asset quality and earnings and compensation. The operational and managerial standards cover (1) internal controls and information systems, (2) internal audit systems, (3) loan documentation, (4) credit underwriting, (5) interest rate exposure, (6) asset growth and (7) compensation, fees and benefits. Under the asset quality and earnings standards, the Bank must establish and maintain systems to identify problem assets and prevent deterioration in those assets and to evaluate and monitor earnings and ensure that earnings are sufficient to maintain adequate capital reserves. The compensation standard states that compensation will be considered excessive if it is unreasonable or disproportionate to the services actually performed by the individual being compensated.
If an insured state-chartered bank fails to meet any of the standards promulgated by regulation, then such institution will be required to submit a plan to the FDIC specifying the steps it will take to correct the deficiency. In the event that an insured state-chartered bank fails to submit or fails in any material respect to implement a compliance plan within the time allowed by the federal banking agency, Section 39 of the FDIA provides that the FDIC must order the institution to correct the deficiency. The FDIC may also (1) restrict asset growth; (2) require the bank to increase its ratio of tangible equity to assets; (3) restrict the rates of interest that the bank may pay; or (4) take any other action that would better carry out the purpose of prompt corrective action. We believe that the Bank has been and will continue to be in compliance with each of these standards.
Consumer Protection. We are subject to a broad array of federal and state laws designed to ensure that we offer our products and services in a non-discriminatory manner and to protect consumers in connection with our lending and deposit-taking activities. These statutes include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, and, in some cases, their respective state law counterparts. The CFPB has broad regulatory, supervisory and enforcement authority over our offering and provision of consumer financial products and services under these laws. Among other things, the CFPB is responsible for enforcing the Dodd-Frank Act’s prohibition on unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices in connection with any transaction with a consumer for a consumer financial products or services, or the offering of a consumer financial product or service.
Relating to mortgage lending in particular, the CFPB issued regulations governing the ability to repay, qualified mortgages, mortgage servicing, appraisals and compensation of mortgage lenders. These regulations limit the type of mortgage products that the Bank can offer; they also affect our ability to enforce delinquent mortgage loans. The CFPB has also issued rules
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integrating the required disclosures under the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act.
We have established numerous controls and procedures designed to ensure that we fully comply with all other consumer protection laws, both federal and state, as they are currently interpreted (which interpretations are subject to change by the CFPB). These controls and procedures are tested regularly to ensure they are accurate and are working properly. In addition, our employees undergo at least annual training to ensure that they remain aware of consumer protection laws and the activities mandated, or prohibited, thereunder.
Community Reinvestment Act. Under the Community Reinvestment Act (the “CRA”), the FDIC assesses the Bank’s record in meeting the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The FDIC’s assessment is taken into account when evaluating any application we submit for, among other things, approval of the acquisition or establishment of a branch or other deposit facility, an office relocation, a merger or the acquisition of shares of capital stock of another financial institution. Under the CRA, institutions are assigned a rating of “outstanding,” “satisfactory,” “needs to improve,” or “unsatisfactory.” The Bank has undertaken significant actions to comply with the CRA, and it received a “satisfactory” rating by the FDIC with respect to its CRA compliance in its most recent assessment.
Financial Privacy Requirements. Federal law and regulations limit a financial institution’s ability to share a customer’s financial information with unaffiliated third parties and contain extensive protections for a customer’s private information. Specifically, these provisions require all financial institutions offering financial products or services to retail customers to provide such customers with the financial institution’s privacy policy at the beginning of the relationship and annually thereafter. Further, such customers must be given the opportunity to “opt out” of the sharing of personal financial information with unaffiliated third parties. The sharing of information for marketing purposes is also subject to limitations. In addition to law and regulation at the federal level, a number of states - some of which we have loan or deposit customers in - have enacted broad statutes governing the use of an individual’s personal information. These statutes typically encompass a broader scope of personal information than the financial information covered by federal privacy laws and regulations, and the statutes generally place more stringent restrictions on the ability of a third party to disclose, share or otherwise use an individual’s personal information than exist under federal law and regulations. Many of these states’ privacy laws and regulations impose severe penalties for violations.

The Bank has adopted a privacy policy and implemented procedures governing the use and disclosure of personal financial information for both customers and non-customers. We believe our policy and procedures currently comply with all applicable laws and regulations, and we continually monitor federal and state laws, as well as changes in the nature and scope of our operations, so that any necessary changes in our privacy policy and procedures can be enacted in a timely manner.
Anti-Money Laundering. Federal anti-money laundering rules impose various requirements on financial institutions intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system to fund terrorist activities or other criminal activity. These provisions include a requirement that financial institutions operating in the United States have anti-money laundering compliance programs, due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such compliance programs supplement existing compliance requirements, also applicable to financial institutions, under the Bank Secrecy Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control regulations. The Bank has established policies and procedures to ensure compliance with federal anti-money laundering laws and regulations.
The Volcker Rule. The Federal Reserve and the other federal banking regulators as well as the SEC each adopted a rule, commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule,” implementing Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act. Generally speaking, the Volcker rule prohibits a bank and its affiliates from engaging in proprietary trading and from acquiring or retaining ownership interests in, sponsoring, or having relationships with certain “covered funds,” including certain hedge funds and private equity funds. The Volcker Rule does not impact any of our current activities, but it does limit the scope of permissible activities in which we might engage in the future.
Supervision and Regulation of our Wealth Management and Insurance Operations
Our Wealth Management and Insurance operations are subject to licensing requirements and regulation under the laws of the United States and the states in which they operate. The laws and regulations are primarily for the benefit of clients. In all jurisdictions, the applicable laws and regulations are subject to amendment by regulatory authorities. Generally, such authorities are vested with relatively broad discretion to grant, renew and revoke licenses and approvals and to implement regulations. Licenses may be denied or revoked for various reasons, including the violation of such regulations, conviction of crimes and the like. Other possible sanctions which may be imposed for violation of regulations include suspension of individual employees, limitations on engaging in a particular business for a specified period of time, censures and fines.
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Monetary Policy and Economic Controls
We and the Bank are affected by the policies of regulatory authorities, including the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the national supply of bank credit in order to stabilize prices. Among the instruments of monetary policy used by the Federal Reserve to implement these objectives are open market operations in U.S. Government securities and changes in the discount rate on bank borrowings. These instruments are used in varying degrees to influence overall growth of bank loans, investments and deposits and may also affect interest rates charged on loans or paid for deposits.
The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to do so in the future. In view of changing conditions in the national economy and in the various money markets, as well as the effect of actions by monetary and fiscal authorities including the Federal Reserve, the effect on our, and the Bank’s, future business and earnings cannot be predicted with accuracy.
Sources and Availability of Funds
The funds essential to our, and the Bank’s, business consist primarily of funds derived from customer deposits, loan repayments, cash flows from our investment securities, securities sold under repurchase agreements, Federal Home Loan Bank advances and subordinated notes. The availability of such funds is primarily dependent upon the economic policies of the federal government, the economy in general and the general credit market for loans. Additional information about our funding sources can be found under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in this report.
Human Capital Resources
The Company’s employees are the key to its success and represent our greatest asset. The Company’s strategic approach to human capital includes (1) attracting, developing and retaining a diverse and talented workforce, (2) providing opportunities for learning, development and advancement within the Company, (3) offering a competitive suite of compensation and benefits, (4) investing in the financial health of our employees, and (5) obtaining employee feedback. As of December 31, 2023, we employed more than 2,300 people throughout all of our segments on a full-time equivalent basis primarily within the Bank (inclusive of employees in our Community Banks and Wealth Management segments, such as employees of Bank subsidiaries Park Place Capital and Republic Business Credit). Renasant Insurance employed 63 individuals. At December 31, 2023, 14 employees of the Bank served as officers of the Company in addition to their positions with the Bank.
To measure our employees’ overall satisfaction with their job and their experience working for the Company, we surveyed employees at the end of 2023. The participation rate was over 90%, and the survey results generally affirmed that our employees were satisfied with overall working conditions at the Company.
The Company’s Social Responsibility Diversity and Inclusion Committee (referred to as the “SRDI Committee”), consisting of four permanent members and four rotating members, and one ex-officio member, continued its momentum in 2023. The SRDI Committee implemented and communicated key initiatives of the Company’s long-range equality, diversity and inclusion (“EDI”) strategic plan, which plan has five key areas of focus: (1) education and communication, (2) diversity in the workforce, (3) inclusion in the workplace, (4) vendor/supplier diversity and (5) a commitment to ongoing evaluation of each of the previous components. The Company has launched an EDI education series and developed an internal resource page to reinforce education and to provide a platform for employees to learn about one another. The Company is committed to advancing its EDI strategic plan through ongoing internal and external initiatives.
Through its Organizational Development department led by our Chief Experience Officer, the Company provides opportunities for employees to engage in personalized learning and development experiences, including new employee orientation, role-based training programs, technical and enterprise-wide systems trainings, mentoring programs, and leadership development. The intent underlying these programs is to build individual capabilities while supporting the career aspirations of our employees and meeting business objectives. These experiences are delivered through various learning channels including classroom, virtual, on-the-job, and online training. The Company also supports its employees through external continuing education relevant to the operations of the Company and encourages participation in professional organizations. In alignment with the Company’s vision, mission, values, and behaviors and in an effort to retain high performing employees, the Company conducts employee feedback surveys regularly and seeks to engage, reward, and recognize employees through strategic programming and initiatives.
In addition to professional development, the Company provides bank-paid and voluntary benefits to eligible employees. Several of the benefits include wellness benefits to encourage healthier lifestyles and promote self-care. In addition to health, dental and vision benefits, the Company provides paid parental leave for the birth, adoption or placement of a child through foster care. We also pay employees for community service work (subject to a cap on the number of paid hours). We also have an employee
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assistance program, which is a Bank-paid benefit available to all employees and immediate family members for mental health, behavioral, stress management, and other personal care needs.
Available Information
We file and furnish annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Our Internet address is www.renasant.com, and the Bank’s Internet address is www.renasantbank.com. We make available on the Company’s website, at the “SEC Filings” link, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K and the exhibits hereto, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business. The risks disclosed below, either alone or in combination, could materially adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company.
Risks Related to Our Industry
We are subject to lending risk.
There are inherent risks associated with our lending activities. These risks include, among other things, the impact of changes in interest rates and changes in the economic conditions in the markets where we operate as well as those across the United States. Increases in interest rates on loans and/or weakening economic conditions could adversely impact the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or the value of the collateral securing these loans.
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 70.37% of our loan portfolio consisted of C&I, construction and commercial real estate loans. These types of loans are generally viewed as having more risk to our financial condition than other types of loans due primarily to the large amounts loaned to individual borrowers. Because the loan portfolio contains a significant number of C&I, construction and commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in nonperforming loans. An increase in nonperforming loans could result in a net loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for credit losses and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our C&I, construction and commercial real estate loan portfolios are discussed in more detail under the heading “Operations – Operations of Community Banks” in Item 1, Business, in this report.
Our allowance for credit losses may be insufficient, and we may be required to further increase our provision for credit losses.
Although we try to maintain diversification within our loan portfolio to minimize the effect of economic conditions within a particular industry, management also maintains an allowance for credit losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses on loans charged to expense, to absorb credit losses inherent in the entire loan portfolio. The credit loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of the Company’s loan portfolio segments. Credit quality is assessed and monitored by evaluating various attributes, and the results of those evaluations are utilized in underwriting new loans and in the Company’s process for the estimation of expected credit losses. Credit quality monitoring procedures and indicators can include an assessment of problem loans, the types of loans, historical loss experience, new lending products, emerging credit trends, changes in the size and character of loan categories and other factors, including the Company’s risk rating system, regulatory guidance and economic conditions, such as the unemployment rate and GDP growth, as well as trends in the market values of underlying collateral securing loans, all as determined based on input from management, loan review staff and other sources. This evaluation is complex and inherently subjective, as it requires estimates by management that are inherently uncertain and therefore susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. In addition, our credit quality monitoring procedures may fail to detect credit risk issues within the loan portfolio if important factors contributing to credit risk are not identified by management or given sufficient weight. There may be significant changes in the allowance and provision for credit losses in future periods as the estimates used by management, and assumptions underlying such estimates, are supplemented and adjusted in light of then-prevailing factors and forecasts.
Any deterioration of current and future economic conditions could cause us to experience higher than normal delinquencies and credit losses. As a result, we may be required to make further increases in our provision for credit losses and to charge off additional loans in the future, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review the allowance for credit losses and may require an increase in the provision for credit losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for credit losses, we will incur additional provision expense to increase the allowance for credit losses. Any increase in our provision for credit losses will result in a decrease in net income and, possibly, capital and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. A discussion of the policies and procedures related to management’s process for determining the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses is set forth under the headings “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and “Risk Management – Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Unfunded Commitments” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in this report.

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We are subject to interest rate risk.
Our earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon our net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest earned on assets, such as loans and securities, and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve. Over the course of 2022 and into 2023, the Federal Reserve significantly raised interest rates to combat inflationary conditions, and interest rates remain at these elevated levels. Further changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest we receive on loans and securities and the interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could also affect (1) our ability to originate loans and generate deposits or access other sources of liquidity, which could reduce the amount of fee income generated, and (2) the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities. Any substantial unexpected or prolonged change in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial conditions and results of operations.
Our financial results are constantly exposed to market risk.
Market risk refers to the probability of variations in net interest income or the fair value of our assets and liabilities due to changes in interest rates, among other things. The primary source of market risk to us is the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. We are subject to market risk because of the following factors:
Assets and liabilities may mature or reprice at different times. For example, if assets reprice more slowly than liabilities and interest rates are generally rising, earnings may decline.
Assets and liabilities may reprice at the same time but by different amounts. For example, when interest rates are generally rising, we may increase rates charged on loans by an amount that is less than the general increase in market interest rates because of intense pricing competition, while similarly intense pricing competition for deposits dictates that we raise our deposit rates in line with the general increase in market rates. Also, risk occurs when assets and liabilities have similar repricing frequencies but are tied to different market interest rate indices that may not move in tandem.
Short-term and long-term market interest rates may change by different amounts, i.e., the shape of the yield curve may affect new loan yields and funding costs differently.
The remaining maturity of various assets and liabilities may shorten or lengthen as interest rates change. For example, if long-term mortgage interest rates decline sharply, mortgage-backed securities held in our securities portfolio may prepay significantly earlier than anticipated, which could reduce portfolio income. If prepayment rates on our loans increase, we would be required to amortize net premiums into income over a shorter period of time, thereby reducing the corresponding asset yield and net interest income.
Interest rates may have an indirect impact on loan demand, credit losses, loan origination volume, the value of financial assets and financial liabilities, gains and losses on sales of securities and loans, the value of mortgage servicing rights and other sources of earnings.
Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce market risk on the results of our operations, these strategies are based on assumptions that may be incorrect or not comprehensive. Any substantial, unexpected, prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Volatility in interest rates may also result in disintermediation, which is the flow of funds away from financial institutions into direct investments, such as U.S. Government and Agency securities and other investment vehicles, including mutual funds, which generally pay higher rates of return than financial institutions because of the absence of federal deposit insurance premiums and reserve requirements. The interest rate increases in 2022 and 2023 were followed by significant outflows of funds from financial institutions (including the Company) into mutual funds and other investment vehicles, increasing the competition for, and cost of, deposits. Disintermediation could also result in material adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations.
A discussion of our policies and procedures used to identify, assess and manage certain interest rate risk is set forth under the heading “Risk Management – Interest Rate Risk” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in this report.
Inflation can have an impact on our business and our customers.
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As noted above, over the course of 2022 and 2023 the Federal Reserve raised interest rates in an effort to fight inflationary conditions. If inflation persists, the value of our investment securities, particularly those with longer maturities, would decrease, although this effect can be less pronounced for floating rate instruments. Additionally, inflation increases the
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cost of goods and services we use in our daily operations which increases our noninterest expense. Furthermore, our customers are impacted by inflation and the rising costs of goods and services used in their households and businesses, which could have a negative impact on the deposits they maintain with us or their ability to repay their loans from us.
Liquidity needs could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Maintaining adequate liquidity is crucial to the operation of our business. We need sufficient liquidity to meet customer loan requests, deposit maturities and withdrawals and other cash commitments arising in both the ordinary course of business and in other unpredictable circumstances. We rely on dividends from the Bank as our primary source of funds. The primary source of the Bank’s funds are customer deposits, loan repayments, proceeds from our investment securities and borrowings. While scheduled loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, they are subject to the ability of borrowers to repay the loans. The ability of borrowers to repay loans can be adversely affected by a number of factors, including changes in economic conditions, adverse trends or events affecting business industry groups, reductions in real estate values or markets, business closings or lay-offs, pandemics, inclement weather, natural disasters and international instability.
Additionally, deposit levels may be affected by a number of factors, including interest rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, returns available to customers on alternative investments and general economic conditions. For example, following the March 2023 bank failures, many depositors became concerned about the soundness of other financial institutions and moved deposits to larger financial institutions or to other investment vehicles. Accordingly, we may be required from time to time to rely on secondary sources of liquidity to meet withdrawal demands or otherwise fund operations or to support growth. These secondary sources, which generally have a higher cost than deposits, include Federal Home Loan Bank advances and federal funds lines of credit from correspondent banks.
If the aforementioned sources of liquidity are not adequate for our needs, we may attempt to raise additional capital in the equity or debt markets. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in such markets at that time, which are outside our control, and on our financial performance.
If we are unable to meet our liquidity needs through any of the aforementioned sources, whether at all or at the time or the cost that we anticipate, we may be required to slow or discontinue loan growth, capital expenditures or other investments or liquidate assets.
We depend on the accuracy and completeness of information furnished by others about customers and counterparties.
In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, we often rely on information furnished by or on behalf of customers and counterparties, including financial statements, credit reports, other financial information and appraisals of the value of collateral. We may also rely on representations of those customers, counterparties or other third parties, such as independent auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, credit reports, other financial information or appraisals could have a material adverse effect on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.
Competition in our industry is intense and may adversely affect our profitability.
We face substantial competition in all areas of our operations from a variety of different competitors, many of which are larger and have substantially greater resources than we have, including higher total assets and capitalization, greater access to capital markets and a broader offering of financial services. Such competitors primarily include national, regional and community banks within the various markets in which we operate. We also face competition from many other types of financial institutions (including savings and loans and credit unions), finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, factoring companies, fintech companies and other financial intermediaries. Many of these competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures than the Company. The information under the heading “Competition” in Item 1, Business, in this report provides more information regarding the competitive conditions in our growth markets.
Our industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes. We also expect continued consolidation in the banking industry as a result of, among other things, elevated regulatory compliance and other legal costs and the benefits of scale when making investments in new technology. Banks, securities firms and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting) and merchant banking. Also, legislative and regulatory changes on both the federal and state level may materially affect competitive conditions in our industry. Finally, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as loans and automatic transfer and payment systems.

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Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things:
the ability to develop, maintain and build upon long-term customer relationships based on top quality service, high ethical standards and safe and sound assets;
the ability to expand our market position;
the scope, relevance and pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and demands;
the rate at which we introduce new products and services relative to our competitors;
customer satisfaction with our level of service; and
industry and general economic trends.
Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken our competitive position, which could adversely affect our growth and profitability, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected by adverse developments impacting the financial services industry, such as recent bank failures or concerns involving liquidity and the increased competition for and cost of deposits.
The bank failures in March 2023 resulted in general uncertainty regarding the adequacy of liquidity of the banking sector generally and caused significant volatility in the stock prices of publicly-traded bank holding companies. These developments appear to have negatively impacted some customers’ confidence in banks, prompting some customers to maintain their deposits with larger financial institutions. Additional bank failures or sales of distressed banks in anticipation of failure could prolong these concerns despite the extensive measures taken by federal banking regulators to restore confidence in the banking system. In addition, competition for deposits has increased in recent periods, and the cost of funding, both for deposits and other sources of liquidity, has increased. If the concerns surrounding the banking sector persist, our businesses, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely impacted.
We may be adversely affected by the soundness of other financial institutions and other third parties.
In addition to the general negative impact on us that could result from the failure of other financial institutions, the failure or financial distress of a financial institution with which we have a relationship could have a material adverse impact on us. Entities within the financial services industry are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty and other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties and from time to time execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, brokers and dealers, investment banks and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of a default by a counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral we hold cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the credit due to us. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to extensive government regulation, and such regulation could limit or restrict our activities and adversely affect our earnings.

As a publicly-traded bank holding company and a state nonmember bank with assets in excess of $10 billion, we and the Bank, respectively, are subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision, and we are committed to maintaining high standards of legal and regulatory compliance. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors’ funds, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, while consumer protection statutes are primarily focused on the fair treatment and protection of the users of our lending and deposit services. The federal securities laws and regulations that we are subject to are designed to protect the investing public and the integrity and efficiency of the securities markets. These regulations affect our corporate governance, dividend policy, capital structure, lending and deposit practices, investment practices, public disclosures and, ultimately, our financial performance and growth.
New regulations, as well as significant changes to existing regulations, relating to every facet of our operations, have been proposed or may be proposed in the future. New laws and regulations, and changes to (or repeal of) existing laws, regulations or policies, as well as changes in interpretation, implementation or enforcement of the foregoing, could affect us and/or the Bank in substantial and unpredictable ways. Among other impacts, new or revised laws and regulations could limit the types of financial services and products we may offer or fees we may charge, require extensive new disclosures in our public filings, increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products and/or otherwise result in continuing uncertainty regarding legal and regulatory compliance matters. Any of the foregoing may, in turn, necessitate that we hire
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additional employees, acquire or develop new software, implement new processes and procedures and otherwise incur substantial additional costs as part of our efforts to comply with our legal and regulatory obligations. In addition, these efforts may divert management time and attention from initiatives designed to grow the Company and the Bank and enhance our earnings and profitability.
Under regulatory capital adequacy guidelines and other regulatory requirements, we and the Bank must meet guidelines that include quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items, subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. If we fail to meet these minimum capital guidelines and other regulatory requirements, our financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. Our failure to maintain the status of “well capitalized” under our regulatory framework could affect the confidence of our customers in us, thus compromising our competitive position. In addition, failure to maintain the status of “well capitalized” under our regulatory framework, “well managed” under regulatory examination procedures or “satisfactory” under the CRA could compromise our status as a bank holding company and related eligibility for a streamlined review process for merger or acquisition proposals and would result in higher deposit insurance premiums assessed by the FDIC.
We are also subject to various privacy, data protection and information security laws. Under the GLBA, we are subject to limitations on our ability to share our customers’ nonpublic personal information with unaffiliated parties, and we are required to provide certain disclosures to our customers about our data collection and security practices. Customers have the right to opt out of our disclosure of their personal financial information to unaffiliated parties. We are also subject to state laws regulating the privacy of individual’s private information, many of which are more restrictive, and have more severe sanctions for noncompliance, than the GLBA. Finally, the GLBA requires us to develop, implement and maintain a written comprehensive information security program containing appropriate safeguards for our customers’ nonpublic personal information. Our failure to comply with privacy, data protection and information security laws and regulations could result in regulatory or governmental investigations and/or fines, sanctions and other expenses which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to the costs we incur in complying with our various legal and regulatory obligations, we may be found to have failed to fully comply with applicable laws, regulations or policies. Any such failure could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies and/or civil money penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we have not yet been subject to any sanctions or penalties that have had a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations, such material violations could occur, even though we have policies and procedures designed to prevent such violations. The information under the heading “Supervision and Regulation” in Item 1, Business, and Note 20, “Regulatory Matters,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this report provides more information regarding the regulatory environment in which we and the Bank operate.
Higher FDIC deposit insurance premiums and assessments could adversely affect our financial condition.
The FDIC is required under the Dodd-Frank Act to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund at a minimum reserve ratio of 1.35%. The FDIC’s announced long-term goal is to maintain the reserve ratio at 2.00%. In October 2022, the FDIC raised the assessment rate by two basis points, effective in the first quarter of 2023, which increase is intended to remain in effect until the 2.00% goal is reached. The FDIC reaffirmed this goal in November 2023. The FDIC may also charge special assessments, such as the special assessment the FDIC charged certain financial institutions, including the Bank, in December 2023 based on their size and amount of uninsured deposits. Increases in deposit insurance assessment rates as well as any special assessments that the FDIC may charge us in the future may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The Company’s financial condition and results of operations contain estimates and assumptions made by management that could be inaccurate.
Accounting estimates and processes are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) require our management to make estimates about future events that are inherently uncertain. We use models and other forecasting processes to make these estimates. In doing so, management must choose between many alternatives, all of which may be reasonable under prevailing circumstances. As a result, these models and other forecasting processes may reflect assumptions that ultimately prove to be inaccurate, particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances. Even if these assumptions are adequate, the models may include flaws in their design or their implementation, including flaws caused by failures in controls, data management, human error or from the reliance on technology. Because of the uncertainty and subjectivity surrounding management’s judgments and the estimates pertaining to these matters, the Company cannot guarantee that it will not be required to adjust accounting policies or restate prior period financial statements. Any such failure in our analytical or forecasting models could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Critical Accounting Policies
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and Estimates” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this report.
Changes in accounting standards issued by FASB or other standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our financial statements.
Our financial statements are subject to the application of GAAP, which are periodically revised and/or expanded. From time to time, FASB or other accounting standard setting bodies adopt new accounting standards or amend existing standards. In addition, market conditions often prompt these bodies to promulgate new guidance that further interprets or seeks to revise accounting pronouncements related to financial instruments, structures or transactions as well as to issue new standards expanding disclosures. Our estimate of the impact of accounting developments that have been issued but not yet implemented is disclosed in our annual reports on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, but the impact of these changes often is difficult to precisely assess. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in changes to previously reported financial results, or a cumulative charge to retained earnings. It is possible that future accounting standards that we are required to adopt could change the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and that such changes could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities.
A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real property. During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, we may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the affected property. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase our exposure to environmental liability. Although management has policies and procedures to perform an environmental review before the loan is recorded and before initiating any foreclosure action on real property, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards.
The discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) as a financial benchmark may adversely affect our business and financial results.
Prior to January 1, 2022, LIBOR was the reference rate used for many of our transactions, including a substantial portion of our variable rate loans as well as our borrowings and securities; in addition, the derivatives that we used to manage risk related to the foregoing transactions were tied to LIBOR. All LIBOR tenors were discontinued by June 30, 2023. As an alternate benchmark to LIBOR, the Company adopted the Secured Overnight Finance Rate (“SOFR”), published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as the primary reference rate for its lending transactions with other reference rates used on a case-by-case basis.
There can be no assurances, however, that regardless of the Company's decision, SOFR will be widely adopted as the replacement reference rate for LIBOR. Accordingly, the Company may need to select a different reference rate, or multiple rates in order to maintain its competitive position. In addition, we could be involved in disputes, litigation or other actions with counterparties regarding the interpretation and enforceability of certain fallback language in LIBOR-based notes, securities and other instruments. Although the transition from LIBOR has not adversely affected our business, financial condition and results of operations to date, such adverse effects could arise in the future.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our business may be adversely affected by current economic conditions in general and specifically in the markets in which we operate.
General business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad can materially affect our business and operations and the businesses and operations of our customers. A weak U.S. economy is likely to cause uncertainty about the federal fiscal policymaking process, the medium and long-term fiscal outlook of the federal government and future tax rates. In addition, economic and other conditions in foreign countries could affect the stability of global financial markets and adversely impact global supply chains, which could hinder U.S. economic growth.

Weak economic conditions are characterized by deflation, fluctuations in debt and equity capital markets, a lack of liquidity and/or depressed prices in the secondary market for mortgage loans, increased delinquencies on mortgage, consumer and C&I
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loans, residential and commercial real estate price declines and lower home sales and commercial activity. All of these factors are detrimental to our business, and the interplay between these factors can be complex and unpredictable. Our business is also significantly affected by monetary and related policies of the U.S. federal government and its agencies. Changes in any of these policies are influenced by macroeconomic conditions and other factors that are beyond our control. Adverse economic conditions and government policy responses to such conditions could have a material adverse effect on the businesses and operations of our customers and in turn on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
More particularly, much of our business development and marketing strategy is directed toward fulfilling the banking and financial services needs of small to medium size businesses. Such businesses generally have fewer financial resources in terms of capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities. If general economic conditions negatively impact the markets in which we operate and these businesses are adversely affected, our financial condition and results of operations may be negatively affected.
We have a high concentration of loans secured by real estate.
At December 31, 2023, approximately 83.07% of our loan portfolio had real estate as a primary or secondary component of the collateral securing the loan. The real estate provides an alternate source of repayment in the event of a default by the borrower. Any adverse change in real estate values in our markets could significantly impair the value of the particular collateral securing our loans and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure for an amount necessary to satisfy the borrower’s obligations to us. Furthermore, in a declining real estate market, we often will need to further increase our allowance for credit losses to address the deterioration in the value of the real estate securing our loans. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We have a concentration of credit exposure in commercial real estate.
In addition to the general risks associated with our lending activities described above, including the effects of declines in real estate values, CRE loans are subject to additional risks. These loans depend on cash flows from the property to service the debt. Cash flows, either in the form of rental income or the proceeds from sales of commercial real estate, may be affected significantly by general economic conditions. A general downturn in the local economy where the property is located, or a decline in occupancy rates in particular, could increase the likelihood of default. An increase in defaults in our CRE loan portfolio could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. At December 31, 2023, we had approximately $6.8 billion in commercial real estate loans, representing approximately 55.22% of our loans outstanding on that date, as follows:
(thousands)December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate
Owner-occupied$1,648,961 
Non-owner occupied3,733,174 
Construction1,333,397 
Land Development:
Commercial mortgage104,415 
Total Commercial real estate loans$6,819,947 
As discussed under the heading “Supervision and Regulation” in Item 1, Business, above, the federal banking agencies promulgated guidance regarding when an institution will be deemed to potentially have significant CRE concentration risk exposure, as indicated by the results of the 100/300 Test. Although the 100/300 Test is not a limit on our lending activity, if any future results of a 100/300 Test evaluation show us to have a potential CRE concentration risk, we may elect, or be required by our regulators, to adopt additional risk management practices or other limits on our activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We rely extensively on a number of vendors.
We rely on numerous vendors and other third party service providers (which we refer to collectively as “vendors”) to assist us in providing our lending, deposit and other financial services as well as the back-office functions that support our day-to-day operations. We are therefore subject to the risks associated with a vendor’s failure to provide the agreed-upon products or services, or its delivery of products or services at a level or in a manner that does not meet expectations. Deficient performance may result from the vendor’s failure to meet its service standards under the contract (due to, among other reasons, insufficient support for its existing products and services or a change in its strategic focus) or simply because the vendor’s products or services do not include the functionality, convenience or adaptability necessary to compete effectively or efficiently with other
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providers of the financial services we offer. Although we rigorously evaluate vendors before entering into contracts, we do not control a vendor’s performance of its contractual obligations or its actions with respect thereto. A vendor’s failure to meet its contractual obligations or otherwise perform as expected could be disruptive to our operations, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, replacing service providers often entails significant delay and expense.
Additionally, some external vendors require access to the Company’s information systems to provide their services. We have identified these vendors as a source of information security risk, and, accordingly, our information security team monitors such vendors in accordance with Company policies. While the Company has implemented an active program to oversee the information security risk posed by vendors, there can be no assurance that the Company will not experience material security breaches associated with vendors (or service providers to our vendors). The Company’s policies related to the monitoring of vendors and other third parties are discussed in detail below in Item IC, Cybersecurity, under the heading “Risk Management and Strategy - Diligence of Vendors and Other Third Parties.”
A failure or breach of our communications and information security systems, or those of our vendors and customers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could disrupt our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation and create significant financial and legal exposure for us.
The Company, our vendors (inclusive of vendors to our vendors) and our customers rely heavily on communications and information security systems to securely and reliably process, record, transmit and monitor confidential and other information through our and their computer systems and networks. Our operational systems, including, among other things, deposit and loan servicing, online and mobile banking, wealth management, accounting and data processing, could be materially adversely impacted by a failure, interruption or breach in the security or integrity of any of these systems, including systems under the control of vendors. As a financial institution, the Company is subject to ongoing threats to its systems, software, networks and other technology that originate from various sources, including our employees, cyber-criminals, hacktivists, groups linked to terrorist organizations or hostile countries, and third parties aiming to disrupt financial institutions more generally. Information security threats include computer hacking involving the introduction of computer viruses or malicious code known as “malware” into the Company’s systems, cyber-attacks, identity theft, electronic fraudulent activity and attempted theft of financial assets. These threats, which are designed to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information belonging to the Company or its customers, manipulate or destroy data or systems, disrupt service on the Company’s systems, or steal money through the use of “ransomware,” are increasingly sophisticated and constantly evolving. In addition, our systems are threatened by unpredictable events such as terrorist attacks, power outages or tornadoes or other natural disasters. The Company may not be able to effectively implement, develop and manage critical systems and information technology infrastructure to facilitate strategic business initiatives, which could impair our ability to achieve financial, operational, compliance and strategic objectives and negatively affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We have invested a significant amount of time and expense in security infrastructure investments and the development of policies and procedures governing our operations as well as in employee training and the monitoring of our vendors, in our efforts to preserve the security, integrity and continuity of our operations from the aforementioned threats. As described in the next paragraph, however, we have experienced security breaches and cyber-attacks, none of which have materially impacted the Company. Importantly, though, due to the difficulty in anticipating, detecting and recognizing threats to the Company’s systems, coupled with the fact that we do not have control over the information security systems of customers, vendors and third parties, we can provide no assurances that our systems, or our vendor’s or customer’s systems, will not experience in the future any material failures, interruptions or security breaches of our communications and information securities systems or that, if any such failures, interruptions or breaches occur, they will be addressed in a timely and adequate manner. A successful penetration or circumvention of our security systems or other significant disruption of our information systems or those of customers, vendors or other third parties, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could (i) significantly and adversely impact our operations or those of our customers by disrupting our networks and systems; (ii) result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information and the use of such information to process fraudulent transactions; (iii) result in a violation of applicable privacy, data breach and other laws, subjecting the Company to additional regulatory scrutiny and exposure to civil litigation, criminal penalties, governmental fines or sanctions or financial liability; (iv) require significant management attention and resources to respond, remediate or remedy the damages that result; and/or (v) harm the reputation of or cause a loss of confidence in, the Company, in turn resulting in a decrease in the number of customers that choose to do business with the Company. Further, the extent of a particular failure, interruption or security breach of our communications and information securities systems, and the steps that the Company may need to take to investigate and remedy the matter, may not be immediately clear, and it may take a significant amount of time before such an investigation or determination, judicial or otherwise, can be completed. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or profitability. This in turn could result in financial losses to us or our customers, lasting damage to our reputation, the violation of privacy or other laws and significant litigation risk, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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The Company has experienced security breaches and cyber-attacks in the past. In May 2022, the Company learned of a data breach experienced by a vendor that provides property insurance validation services for the Company. This data breach, as it related to the Company, involved a third party obtaining names, addresses and loan numbers of certain customers via unauthorized access to our service provider’s servers (the data breach did not involve Renasant Bank customer Social Security numbers or information related to any accounts maintained at Renasant Bank). Beginning in May 2023, the Company began receiving notices from a number of its vendors regarding the data breach related to the MOVEit Transfer software suffered by the vendor or a vendor to such vendor (the Company itself did not use the software). The data breach experienced by these vendors involved the names, account numbers, Social Security numbers and other nonpublic personal information of a relatively small number of our customers. For each incident, the Company caused notices of the data breach to be delivered to impacted clients, and we notified federal and state regulatory authorities about the incident. The relevant vendors also offered complementary credit monitoring services to consumer customers. The Company has also heightened its monitoring of the vendors’ efforts to strengthen their information security infrastructure and prevent any further unauthorized access to its systems. Nonetheless, it is inevitable that additional breaches and attacks will occur in the future. While such breaches and attacks have not materially impacted the Company to date, future security breaches and cyber-attacks could result in serious and harmful consequences for the Company or its clients and customers.
Our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to us.
We are subject to numerous risks, including lending risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, market risk, information security risk and model risk, among other risks encountered in the ordinary course of our operations. We have implemented processes and procedures designed to identify, measure, monitor and mitigate these risks. However, all risk management frameworks are inherently limited, for a number of reasons. First, we may not have identified all material risks affecting our operations. Next, our current procedures may not anticipate future development of currently unanticipated or unknown risks. Also, we may have underestimated the impact of known risks or overestimated the effectiveness of the policies and procedures we have implemented to mitigate these risks. Increases in the scope and complexity of our operations and our reliance, among other things, have increased the level of risk that we must manage. Accordingly, we could suffer losses as a result of our failure to properly anticipate and manage these risks.
Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if we fail to grow or fail to manage our growth effectively.
We have grown our business through the acquisition of entire financial institutions and non-bank commercial finance companies and through de novo branching. We intend to continue pursuing this growth strategy for the foreseeable future. Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies when expanding their franchise, including the following:
Management of Growth.  We may be unable to successfully:
maintain loan quality in the context of significant loan growth;
maintain adequate management personnel and systems to oversee such growth;
maintain adequate internal audit, loan review and compliance functions; and
implement additional policies, procedures and operating systems required to support such growth.
Operating Results. Existing offices or future offices may not maintain or achieve deposit levels, loan balances or other operating results necessary to avoid losses or produce profits in an efficient manner. Our growth strategy necessarily entails growth in overhead expenses as we add new offices and staff. Our historical results may not be indicative of future results or results that may be achieved if we increase the number of our branch offices. Should any new location be unprofitable or marginally profitable, or should existing locations experience a decline in profitability or incur losses, the adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition could be more significant than would be the case for a larger company.
Expansion into New Markets. Much of our recent growth has been focused in the highly-competitive metropolitan areas within our footprint. In these growth markets we face competition from a wide array of financial institutions and commercial finance companies, including much larger, well-established companies.
Regulatory and Economic Factors. Our growth and expansion plans may be adversely affected by a number of regulatory and economic developments or other events. Failure to obtain, or a delay in obtaining, required regulatory approvals, changes in laws and regulations or other regulatory developments and changes in prevailing economic conditions or other unanticipated events may prevent or adversely affect our continued growth and expansion. Such factors may cause us to alter our growth and
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expansion plans or slow or halt the growth and expansion process, which may prevent us from entering certain target markets or allow competitors to gain or retain market share in our existing or expected markets.
Failure to successfully address these issues could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and could adversely affect our ability to successfully implement our business strategy. Also, if our growth occurs more slowly than anticipated or declines, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.
We may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions.
The success of our acquisitions depends on, among other things, our ability to realize anticipated cost savings and integrate the acquired assets and operations in a manner that permits growth opportunities and does not materially disrupt our existing customer relationships or result in decreased revenues resulting from any loss of customers. If we are not able to successfully achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the acquisition may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. Additionally, we make fair value estimates of certain assets and liabilities in recording each acquisition. Actual values of these assets and liabilities could differ from our estimates, which could result in our not achieving the anticipated benefits of the particular acquisition.
We cannot assure investors that our acquisitions will have positive results, including results relating to: correctly assessing the asset quality of the assets acquired; the total cost of integration, including management attention and resources; the time required to complete the integration successfully; the amount of longer-term cost savings; being able to profitably deploy funds acquired in the transaction; retaining the existing client relationships; or the overall performance of the combined business.
Our future growth and profitability depend, in part, on our ability to successfully manage the combined operations. Integration of an acquired business can be complex and costly, and we may encounter a number of difficulties, such as:
deposit attrition, customer loss and revenue loss;
the loss of key employees;
the disruption of our operations and business;
our inability to maintain and increase competitive presence;
possible inconsistencies in standards, control procedures and policies; and/or
unexpected problems with costs, operations, personnel, technology and credit.
Additionally, general market and economic conditions or governmental actions affecting the financial industry generally may inhibit our successful integration of the operations acquired.
We may continue to experience increased credit costs or need to take additional markdowns and make additional provisions to the allowance for credit losses on loans. Any of these actions could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in the future. In addition, the attention and effort devoted to the integration of an acquired business may divert management’s attention from other important issues and could harm our business.
We may face risks with respect to future acquisitions.
When we attempt to expand our business through mergers and acquisitions (including FDIC-assisted transactions), we seek targets that are culturally similar to us, have experienced management and possess either significant market presence or have potential for improved profitability through economies of scale or expanded services or, in the case of FDIC-assisted transactions, on account of the loss share arrangements with the FDIC associated with such transactions. In addition to the general risks associated with our growth plans and the particular risks associated with FDIC-assisted transactions, both of which are highlighted above, in general acquiring other banks, businesses or branches involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things:
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the time and costs associated with identifying and evaluating potential acquisition and merger targets;
inaccuracies in the estimates and judgments used to evaluate credit, operations, management and market risks with respect to the target institution;
the time and costs of evaluating new markets, hiring experienced local management and opening new bank locations, and the time lags between these activities and the generation of sufficient assets and deposits to support the costs of the expansion;
our ability to finance an acquisition and possible dilution to our existing shareholders;
the diversion of our management’s attention to the negotiation of a transaction;
the incurrence of an impairment of goodwill associated with an acquisition and adverse effects on our results of operations;
entry into new markets where we lack experience; and
risks associated with integrating the operations and personnel of acquired businesses.
We expect to continue to evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities (including FDIC-assisted transactions) that are presented to us and conduct due diligence activities related to possible transactions with other financial institutions and other companies. As a result, merger or acquisition discussions and, in some cases, negotiations may take place and future mergers or acquisitions involving cash, debt or equity securities may occur at any time. Historically, acquisitions of non-failed financial institutions and other companies involve the payment of a premium over book and market values, and, therefore, some dilution of our book value and net income per common share may occur in connection with any future transaction. Failure to realize the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence and/or other projected benefits from an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Associated With Our Common Stock
Our ability to declare and pay dividends is limited by law, and we may be unable to pay future dividends.
We are a separate and distinct legal entity from the Bank, and we receive substantially all of our revenue from dividends from the Bank. These dividends are the principal source of funds to pay dividends on our common stock and interest and principal on our debt. Various federal and/or state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that the Bank may pay to us. In the event the Bank is unable to pay dividends to us, we may not be able to service our debt, pay our obligations or pay dividends on our common stock. The inability to receive dividends from the Bank could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The information under Note 19, “Restrictions on Cash, Securities, Bank Dividends, Loans or Advances,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this report provides a detailed discussion about the restrictions governing the Bank’s ability to transfer funds to us.
The trading volume in our common stock is less than that of other bank holding companies.
Although our common stock is listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the average daily trading volume in our common stock is generally less than that of many of our competitors and other bank holding companies that are publicly-traded companies. For the 60 days ended February 16, 2024, the average daily trading volume for Renasant common stock was 242,165 shares per day. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of our common stock at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which we have no control. Significant sales of our common stock, or the expectation of these sales, could cause volatility in the price of our common stock.
Holders of our junior subordinated debentures have rights that are senior to those of our common shareholders.
We have supported a portion of our growth through the issuance of trust preferred securities from special purpose trusts and accompanying junior subordinated debentures. Also, in connection with our acquisitions of other financial institutions, we have assumed junior subordinated debentures. Payments of the principal and interest on the trust preferred securities of these trusts are conditionally guaranteed by us. Further, the junior subordinated debentures we issued to the trusts are senior to our shares of common stock. As a result, we must make payments on the junior subordinated debentures before any dividends can be paid on our common stock and, in the event of our bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the junior subordinated debentures must be satisfied before any distributions can be made on our common stock (such dividend restrictions do not apply to our outstanding subordinated notes). We have the right to defer distributions on our junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) for up to five years, during which time no dividends may be paid on our common stock.

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An investment in our common stock is not an insured deposit.
Our common stock is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured against loss by the FDIC, any deposit insurance fund or by any other public or private entity. Investment in our common stock is inherently risky for the reasons described in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is subject to the same market forces that affect the price of common stock in any company. As a result, an investor may lose some or all of its investment in our common stock.
Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as well as certain banking laws, could decrease our chances of being acquired even if our acquisition is in our shareholders’ best interests.
Provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and federal banking laws, including regulatory approval requirements, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be perceived to be beneficial to our shareholders. The combination of these provisions impedes a non-negotiated merger or other business combination, which, in turn, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Our issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect holders of our common stock and discourage a takeover.
Our shareholders authorized the Board of Directors to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock without any further action on the part of our shareholders. Our Board of Directors also has the power, without shareholder approval, to set the terms of any series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights, preferences over our common stock with respect to dividends or in the event of a dissolution, liquidation or winding up and other terms. In the event that we issue preferred stock in the future that has preference over our common stock with respect to payment of dividends or upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the rights of the holders of our common stock or the market price of our common stock could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the ability of our Board of Directors to issue shares of preferred stock without any action on the part of our shareholders may impede a takeover of us and prevent a transaction perceived to be favorable to our shareholders.
Shares eligible for future sale could have a dilutive effect.
Shares of our common stock eligible for future sale, including those that may be issued in any other private or public offering of our common stock for cash or as incentives under equity incentive plans, could have a dilutive effect on the market for our common stock and could adversely affect market prices. As of February 16, 2024, there were 150,000,000 shares of our common stock authorized, of which 56,216,702 shares were outstanding.
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Risk Management and Strategy
General. The Company’s information security program, including its processes with respect to cybersecurity, is focused on protecting our systems, networks and data from unauthorized access by a third party. Concerns about cybersecurity risks impact, at some level, every facet of the Company’s operations, from the way we structure the services we offer, to how we communicate with our customers, to our interactions with and training of employees, and to the expenditures we make when expanding and enhancing our technological infrastructure. We expect this continue to be the case as cybersecurity threats, and the means to respond to those threats, continue to evolve.
The Company has adopted a defense-in-depth philosophy that relies on multiple systems and processes to reasonably provide for the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our systems, networks and data. Features of our information security include:
Documentation: We have written policies and procedures that delineate the roles and responsibilities of the Company’s Board of Directors, executive management and other employees, as well as outside parties, with respect to the various aspects of the information security program. This documentation helps to align the entire information security program with our efforts to maintain the integrity of the Company’s cybersecurity. These policies and procedures are reviewed and updated at least annually.
Separation of duties: Separation of duties means that, where appropriate, a task is designed to ensure that more than one person or group is responsible for its completion. We believe that separation of duties helps to prevent fraud, misuse or other security compromise, and we apply this concept when we delegate administrative and oversight responsibilities to multiple groups for certain aspects of the information security program, including identity and access management, network management, system administration, policy oversight, monitoring and alerting.
The principle of least privilege: Access approval for the Company’s employees is coordinated between an employee’s manager, the Company’s human resources department and the information systems administrator. The goal is to give an employee access rights to our data, applications and other information resources only to the extent necessary for the employee to perform the functions of the particular job. Any change in employment responsibilities that requires access changes is implemented using the same access approval procedures. Finally, all remote access into the Company’s networks must include approval by the Chief Information Security Officer (which we refer to as the “CISO”).
Vulnerability and patch management: The Company’s vulnerability management program includes internal and external scanning using third-party tools and services. Software patches are deployed based on criticality of vulnerability. Further, we track our performance in implementing patches, and if implementation timing falls below performance expectations, management will take steps to identify and remediate the root causes of implementation delays.
Risk assessments: At least annually, management conducts risk assessments to assess the existence, severity and trends of cybersecurity risks and other risks that the Company’s information security program faces. The scope of an individual risk assessment can be the whole organization, parts of the organization, an individual information system, specific system components, or services.
Log management: System security logs are consolidated by the Company’s Security Incident and Event Management system and are reviewed via both automatic and manual processes for anomalous behavior.
Incident response: The incident response process is designed to, among other things, promptly elevate a cybersecurity threat or incident to the parties responsible for leading our efforts to identify, contain and mitigate the threat or incident, notify impacted customers or other third parties and comply with applicable law, regulations and regulatory expectations.
Employee training: Information security is an integral component of our employee training program. Training includes efforts to maintain security awareness among employees at all times by means of company-wide communications of cybersecurity risks or incidents affecting third parties, internal testing and similar efforts.
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The information security program applies to all of the Company’s business lines and employees as well as to vendors and other third parties with access to the Company’s information systems or its confidential and proprietary information. Whenever we consider a new product or service to offer to its clients, or a new means of offering or providing an existing product or service, or a new back-office process or procedure, the implications to the Company’s information security are required to be considered.
Our CISO, a Certified Information Systems Security Professional, leads the Company’s information security team, which has over 50 years’ combined experience in providing solutions to manage information security, compliance, privacy and technology management. The Board of Directors’ Technology Committee and its Enterprise Risk Management Committee oversee our information security team, receiving regular updates related to the material features of the information security program, our success and failures in maintaining information security and emerging threats and management’s proposed response thereto.
Strategy and Testing. As mentioned above, the Company employs a layered, defense-in-depth approach that leverages people, processes and technology to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We also employ a variety of preventative and detective tools to monitor, block and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity and to report on any suspected threats. These controls include appropriate access controls based on least privilege, multifactor authentication for remote and privilege access, and encryption to protect data. The information security program is designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations and is driven by industry standards for financial institutions, including the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”) Cybersecurity Assessment Tool, as well as by the guidance promulgated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”). We work closely with government and industry associations to stay abreast of developments and share best practices with respect to cybersecurity. The following paragraphs describe how we test, or otherwise obtain feedback about, the Company’s cybersecurity and other information security. The feedback we develop through testing and assessment, in addition to information about cybersecurity threats or incidents impacting other entities, is incorporated into the Company’s information security program to enhance our cybersecurity; in certain circumstances a new or emerging cybersecurity threat may require modifications to how we conduct business.
The Company’s information security team utilizes the Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security version of the FFIEC Cybersecurity Assessment Tool to perform an annual assessment of our information security program. The assessment provides a repeatable and measurable process for institutions to measure their cybersecurity preparedness over time. The assessment incorporates cybersecurity-related principles from the FFIEC Information Technology Examination Handbook and regulatory guidance, and concepts from other industry standards, including the NIST Cybersecurity Framework.
The assessment consists of two parts: Inherent Risk Profile and Cybersecurity Maturity. The Cybersecurity Maturity aspect of the assessment is designed to help management measure the institution’s level of risk and corresponding controls. The levels range from baseline to innovative. Cybersecurity Maturity includes tests to determine whether an institution’s behaviors, practices and processes can support cybersecurity preparedness within the following five domains:
Cyber risk management and oversight
Threat intelligence and collaboration
Cybersecurity controls
External dependency management
Cyber incident management and resilience
We also retain third parties to test the effectiveness of our cybersecurity efforts. Annually, we obtain independent third party audits of the information security program, including program maturity and overall control effectiveness. In addition, multiple times over the course of each year we engage third party security firms to conduct both external and internal penetration tests. The goal of these assessments is to discover vulnerabilities in the Company’s in-scope corporate networks. When testing reveals potential vulnerabilities in the Company’s security, management works to develop appropriate mitigation plans to resolve any outstanding issues; we also consider other recommendations to enhance our cybersecurity that these security firms may offer, implementing those that management concludes are appropriate within the context of the Company’s information security program and processes.
In addition to audits and testing by third party security firms, our information security program and infrastructure is subject to continuous supervision by the FDIC and the DBCF, including an annual in-depth examination by subject-matter experts from the FDIC and DBCF. The laws and regulations that these regulators administer impose very high expectations on the Company with respect to its information security policies, procedures, processes and controls. In particular, the Interagency Guidelines
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Establishing Information Security Standards (the “Guidelines”) require us to implement a comprehensive written information security program that includes administrative, technical and physical safeguards designed to (1) ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information; (2) protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information; (3) protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer; and (4) ensure the proper disposal of customer information and consumer information. We also must comply with the information sharing requirements and restrictions enacted pursuant to the GLBA. The regulators’ continuous supervision of the Company is designed to ensure, among other things, that our information security program meets all the standards set forth in the Guidelines and that we operate in compliance with the GLBA and all other applicable information security laws and regulations. Finally, in addition to external scrutiny, our internal audit department reviews our compliance with the Guidelines, the GLBA and other laws and regulations, including those related to information security. If any of these examinations identify deficiencies or areas for improvement, the Company’s information security team works with management to act as promptly as reasonably possible to address the action item resulting from any such examination or review.
Diligence of Vendors and Other Third Parties. As noted above, the Company’s information security program applies to our vendors and other third parties (referred to collectively as “vendors”) with access to our information systems and networks and/or confidential and proprietary information. Before we grant access to the Company’s systems or a vendor otherwise obtains access to the Company’s confidential and proprietary information, our information security team assesses the vendor’s information security program. We review the vendor’s information security policy (to the extent the third party is willing to provide a copy of such policy), information security audits, service organization reports and similar information as well as examination reports of the vendor if available from the banking regulators or other governmental entities; the team will also investigate the background, reputation and history of prior cybersecurity incidents of such vendor or other third party. If the information security team is not satisfied that the vendor’s information security infrastructure is adequate to reasonably protect the Company’s systems and confidential and proprietary information from unauthorized access, and there are no suitable solution to address the information security team’s concerns, then we will not engage such vendor.
The vendors we retain are also categorized by the level of risk that the vendor presents to us, of which information security risk is a component. The information security team annually reviews those vendors in the “high risk” category and periodically reviews other vendors. This review includes obtaining updated information security audits and service organization reports, where available, and otherwise analyzing whether the vendor’s cybersecurity risk profile has materially changed.
The information security team’s review process does not, and cannot, guarantee that a Company vendor will not suffer a cybersecurity incident that impacts us. Due to the possibility that a vendor’s information security may be breached, we also negotiate provisions in vendor contracts that address cybersecurity incidents. In addition to including provisions that address the parties’ relative responsibility for damages resulting from a cybersecurity incident at a vendor, these contracts also typically include provisions to ensure that the Company receives timely and complete notification of a cybersecurity incident and cooperation in responding thereto so that we can assess the extent of the incident’s impact on the Company’s systems or information, mitigate any adverse effects arising therefrom and comply with any customer or regulation notification requirements and other legal, regulator or contractual obligations.
Incident Response. For those situations where a cybersecurity threat or incident arises, whether internal to the Company or relating to one of its vendors, we have also organized an incident response team. The incident response team includes representatives from the information technology, operations, risk management, legal (including securities law counsel), privacy and finance departments, among others. In addition to meeting quarterly, the incident response team (or a subset of the team) gathers whenever there is a threatened or actual breach of the Company’s information security (whether involving an external actor or an internal party) to determine the nature and extent of the threatened or actual breach and, if appropriate, the steps to take in response thereto to protect the Company’s information security and mitigate any harm that has already occurred. The team is also responsible for ensuring the Company complies with legal and regulatory requirements (including notifying affected customers and regulators and making any filings required by the securities laws). The activities of our incident response team are reported to the Board’s Enterprise Risk Management Committee.
The Company also maintains a cyber insurance policy that provides cyber liability coverage.
Employee Training and Security Awareness. All employees are required to complete an annual security awareness training program. Courses within the training program include general cybersecurity best practices as well as a course specifically related to social engineering, email and social media security. The Company also conducts routine internally-focused exercises to help raise employee awareness of the risks associated with cybersecurity. For example, over the course of 2023, employees received at least one email per quarter designed to test employees’ ability to identify and avoid potential “phishing” emails, and those employees that fail this phishing test are assigned additional training. In addition, annually the Company’s incident response team engages in a cyber attack tabletop exercise designed by the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis
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Center that helps to train the incident response team in overcoming a simulated attack against Renasant’s payment systems and processes.
Governance and Oversight
Management Role. The Company takes a layered approach to the governance of its cybersecurity risk management. The first line of defense against cybersecurity risk is the company’s information security team, led by the CISO. This team is primarily responsible for promptly identifying cybersecurity risks associated with our existing and anticipated operations and, once identified, assessing as to the level that each cybersecurity risk poses to us, and then controlling or mitigating to the extent reasonably possible (in the context the Company’s operations and resources, and competitive factors affecting how banks and other financial services companies conduct operations, among other things).
The efforts of our information security team to address cybersecurity risk are reviewed by the Company’s Risk Department, which oversees our enterprise risk management program. The department focuses on the quality of the Company’s risk management process in order to manage risks within acceptable tolerance levels. As it pertains to cybersecurity risk, the Risk Department challenges the processes that the information security team has implemented to identify, assess, control and mitigate cybersecurity risk. The department collaborates with the CISO and other business unit owners impacted by our cybersecurity risk management practices to develop and monitor controls and other processes that mitigate identified risks. In addition, the Risk Department conducts independent risk evaluations related to cybersecurity risk.
The primary means by which the Risk Department evaluates cybersecurity risk is the development, in conjunction with the information security team, of risk metrics related to cybersecurity as well as risk tolerances with respect to each such metric. Risk tolerances are set such that the overall cybersecurity risk presented to us is consistent with the risk appetite statement adopted by our Board annually. Management believes these metrics provide a holistic picture of the Company’s cybersecurity risk profile, but at the same time, we recognize that, given the continual evolution of cybersecurity risks, including the tools and vectors that bad actors take to compromise a company’s information security, our risk metrics cannot remain static. At least annually, the Risk Department meets with the CISO to assess whether the risk metrics, and the tolerances for each metric, remain appropriate in light of the Company’s operations and the cybersecurity threat environment.
As the third line of defense against cybersecurity risk, our Internal Audit Department, with the assistance of outside experts, annually reviews and tests the Company’s processes, including its policies, procedures and controls, with respect to cybersecurity risk. The Internal Audit Department reports the results of its review, including the steps management intends to take to address any findings, to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Finally, as a means to ensure that our senior executive management has an integrated understanding of the cybersecurity and other risks facing the company at any particular time, the Company has organized a Management Enterprise Risk Management Committee (the “management ERM committee”). Our Chief Risk Officer leads this committee, whose membership includes the Company’s President and the leaders of our major business lines and back-office functions. Among other things, the management ERM committee reviews the Company’s cybersecurity and other risk metrics and the direction in which each risk is trending (increasing risk or decreasing risk), both in isolation and in the context of other existing and emerging risks facing the company, and the status of risk mitigants therefor. We believe that this committee helps management better focus its efforts to minimize cybersecurity risk and that it assists in more focused reporting of cybersecurity risks to the Board of Directors.
Board Oversight. The Company’s Board of Directors primarily oversees the risks related to our technological infrastructure, information security, cybersecurity, business continuity and disaster recovery programs through its Technology Committee and its Enterprise Risk Management Committee (the “ERM Committee”). These committees meet quarterly, and their activities are reported to the full Board of Directors.
The Technology Committee is responsible for the oversight of Renasant’s strategies and operations with respect to information technology. Although this committee’s focus is broader than just information security and cybersecurity risk, at each meeting the CISO reports to the committee on, among other topics, the status of any cybersecurity and network security initiatives designed to enhance the Company’s cybersecurity, emerging cybersecurity risks that may not yet be addressed by the existing risk metrics and management’s plans to mitigate such risks, and employee training on cybersecurity and related issues.
The ERM Committee incorporates the assessment, monitoring and mitigation of cybersecurity risk into its monitoring of the Company’s broader enterprise risk management function. At each meeting of the ERM Committee, the Chief Risk Officer reports on the status within established tolerances of each risk metric as well as the assessment of the direction such metric is trending. These metric reports give the ERM Committee a broad view of the aggregate cybersecurity risk that the Company faces at any particular time, insight into any particular areas of risk as well as an opportunity for the ERM Committee to discuss with management the steps taken or to be taken to address risks that are out of tolerance or trending in that direction. In addition to this report, the CISO’s report to the Technology Committee is included the materials for ERM meetings. The chair of the
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Technology Committee is a member of the ERM Committee, enabling the chair to convey to the ERM Committee details of the discussions with respect to the CISO’s report as well as other matters related to our technological infrastructure and the impact thereof on matters within the ERM Committee’s focus. Finally, at each ERM Committee meeting our Chief Technology Officer addresses various information technology topics with the ERM Committee.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The principal executive offices of the Company are located at 209 Troy Street, Tupelo, Mississippi. Various departments occupy each floor of the five-story building.
As of December 31, 2023, Renasant operated 148 full-service branches, 12 limited-service branches, 160 ATMs and 51 Interactive Teller Machines (ITMs). Our Community Banks and Wealth Management segments operate out of all of these branches.
The Bank also operates 17 locations used exclusively for mortgage banking and four locations used exclusively for loan production. The Wealth Management segment operates two locations used exclusively for investment services.
Renasant Insurance, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, operates out of eight stand-alone offices throughout Mississippi.
Republic Business Credit, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, operates four stand-alone offices in California, Illinois, Louisiana and Texas.
We own or lease our facilities and believe all of our properties are in good condition to meet our business needs. None of our properties are subject to any material encumbrances.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company, the Bank, or any of its subsidiaries are a party or to which any of their property is subject, and no such legal proceedings were terminated in the fourth quarter of 2023.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information and Holders
The Company’s common stock trades on The New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “RNST.” On February 16, 2024, the Company had approximately 4,040 shareholders of record and the closing sales price of the Company’s common stock was $32.13.
Please refer to Item 12, Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, for a discussion of the securities authorized for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plans.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
Average Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Share Repurchase Plans
Maximum Number of Shares or Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Share Repurchase Plans(2)(3)
October 1, 2023 to October 31, 2023163 $25.66 — $100,000 
November 1, 2023 to November 30, 2023— — — 100,000 
December 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023216 33.24 — 100,000 
Total379 $29.98 — 
(1)All shares in this column represent shares of Renasant Corporation stock withheld to satisfy the federal and state tax liabilities related to the vesting of time-based restricted stock awards.
(2)The Company announced a $100.0 million stock repurchase program in October 2022 under which the Company was authorized to repurchase outstanding shares of its common stock either in open market purchases or privately-negotiated transactions. No shares were repurchased during the fourth quarter of 2023 under this plan, which expired in October 2023 and was replaced with a $100.0 million stock repurchase program approved in October 2023. This new plan will remain in effect for one year or, if earlier, the repurchase of the entire amount of common stock authorized to be repurchased. No shares were repurchased during the fourth quarter of 2023 under this plan.
(3)Dollars in thousands.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
The Company did not sell any unregistered equity securities during 2023.
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Stock Performance Graph
The following performance graph, obtained from S&P Global Market Intelligence, compares the performance of our common stock to the NYSE Composite Index and to the S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Southeast Region Index, which is a peer group of regional bank holding companies (including the Company), for the measurement period. The performance graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock, the NYSE Composite Index and the S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Southeast Region Index was $100 at January 1, 2018, and that all dividends were reinvested.
2055
 Period Ending December 31,
 201820192020202120222023
Renasant Corporation$100.00 $120.24 $118.29 $136.37 $138.69 $128.01 
NYSE Composite Index100.00 125.51 134.28 162.04 146.89 167.12 
S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Southeast Region Index100.00 140.94 126.37 180.49 146.81 151.44 
(1)The S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Southeast Region Index, is a peer group of 52 regional bank holding companies, whose common stock is traded either on the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE Amex or NASDAQ, and which are headquartered in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.
There can be no assurance that our common stock performance will continue in the future with the same or similar trends depicted in the performance graph above. We will not make or endorse any predictions as to future stock performance. The information provided under the heading “Stock Performance Graph” shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to its proxy regulations or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, other than as provided in Item 201 of Regulation S-K. The information provided in this section shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and results of operations for each of the years then ended should be read together with the cautionary language regarding forward-looking statements at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023, which provides a discussion of 2021 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Performance Overview
Net income was $144,678 for 2023 compared to $166,068 for 2022. Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) were $2.58 and $2.56, respectively, for 2023 compared to $2.97 and $2.95, respectively, for 2022. At December 31, 2023, total assets increased to $17,360,535 from $16,988,176 at December 31, 2022. The changes in our financial condition and results of operations from 2022 to 2023 were driven by a number of factors, the most prominent of which are highlighted below:
Financial Highlights
Net interest income increased $38,029 to $519,327 for 2023 as compared to $481,298 for 2022. The increase from 2022 to 2023 was due to the continued increase in loan yields due to additional interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve, as well as changes in the mix of earning assets during the year, partially offset by an increase in our cost of funds. The Company increased on-balance sheet liquidity following the bank failures in March 2023 resulting in incremental interest expense, and competition for deposits increased significantly during the year driving a surge in interest expense when compared to 2022.
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans were 0.10% and 0.07% in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $15,593 in 2023 as compared to a provision for credit losses of $23,871 in 2022. The provision for credit losses was higher in 2022 due to the acquisition of Southeastern Commercial Finance, LLC and Republic Business Credit in March 2022 and December 2022, respectively.
Noninterest income was $113,075 for 2023 compared to $149,253 for 2022. The decrease in noninterest income is primarily attributable to net losses on sales of securities (including impairments) in connection with the repositioning of our securities portfolio.
Noninterest expense was $439,622 and $395,372 for 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in noninterest expense is primarily attributable to increases in salaries and employee benefits and other noninterest expense. Lower levels of loan production contributing to lower deferred origination costs, the acquisition of Republic Business Credit and the FDIC special assessment accrued in the fourth quarter of 2023 also contributed to the year-over-year increase in noninterest expense.
Loans, net of unearned income, were $12,351,230 at December 31, 2023 compared to $11,578,304 at December 31, 2022, an increase of 6.7%.
Deposits totaled $14,076,785 at December 31, 2023 compared to $13,486,966 at December 31, 2022. The increase in deposits is primarily due to an increase in money market and brokered deposits offset by a decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits.
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A historical look at key performance indicators is presented below.
202320222021
Diluted EPS$2.56 $2.95 $3.12 
Diluted EPS Growth(13.22)%(5.45)%110.81 %
Shareholders’ equity to assets13.23 %12.57 %13.15 %
Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets(1)
7.87 %7.01 %7.86 %
Return on Average Assets0.84 %1.00 %1.11 %
Return on Average Tangible Assets(1)
0.92 %1.09 %1.21 %
Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity6.50 %7.60 %7.96 %
Return on Average Tangible Shareholders’ Equity(1)
12.29 %13.97 %14.53 %
(1) These performance indicators are non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of these financial measures from GAAP to non-GAAP as well as an explanation of why the Company provides these non-GAAP financial measures can be found under the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” heading at the end of this Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared using accounting estimates for various accounts. Wherever feasible, we utilize third-party information to provide management with estimates. Although independent third parties are engaged to assist us in the estimation process, management evaluates the results, challenges assumptions and considers other factors that could impact these estimates. We monitor the status of proposed and newly issued accounting standards to evaluate the impact (or potential impact) on our financial condition and results of operations or on the preparation of our financial statements. Our accounting policies, including the impact of newly issued accounting standards, are discussed in detail in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this report. The following discussion supplements the discussion of our significant accounting policies in the financial statements.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The accounting estimate most important to the presentation of our financial statements is the allowance for credit losses and the related provision for credit losses which involves considerable subjective judgment and evaluation by management. The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of expected losses inherent within the Company’s loans held for investment portfolio and is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb such expected credit losses, as prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic (“ASC”) 326, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses” (“ASC 326”; ASC 326 is also referred to herein as “CECL”). Although we consider all reasonably-available information that we believe is relevant to making the assumptions that underlie the Company’s determination of the appropriate amount of the allowance for credit losses, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if actual economic or other conditions ultimately differ substantially from the assumptions we used in making the evaluation. Additionally, banking regulators periodically review our allowance for credit losses and may require us to recognize adjustments to the allowance based on their subjective judgment of information available to them at the time of their examination. Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Please refer to the discussion under the heading “Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses” in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this report for more information regarding the estimates and assumptions, and the uncertainties underlying such estimates and assumptions, involved in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses.
For more information about our loan policies and procedures for addressing credit risk, as well as for a discussion of the changes in the allowance for credit losses in 2023 and 2022, please refer to the disclosures in this Item under the heading “Risk Management – Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans and Unfunded Commitments.”
Business Combinations, Accounting for Purchased Loans
The Company accounts for its acquisitions under ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” which requires the use of the acquisition method of accounting. For more information about the accounting for acquisitions, including the estimates and assumptions, and uncertainties underlying such estimates and assumptions, please refer to the information under the heading “Business Combinations, Accounting for Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans and Related Assets” in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this report.
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Additional details about loans acquired in connection with our acquisitions is set forth below under the heading “Risk Management - Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses.”

Financial Condition
The following discussion provides details regarding the changes in significant balance sheet accounts at December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. Total assets were $17,360,535 at December 31, 2023 compared to $16,988,176 at December 31, 2022.
Securities
The securities portfolio is used to provide a source for meeting liquidity needs and to supply securities to be used in collateralizing certain deposits and other types of borrowings. The securities portfolio also serves as an outlet to deploy excess liquidity rather than hold such excess funds as cash. The following table shows the carrying value of our securities portfolio by investment type and the percentage of such investment type relative to the entire securities portfolio at December 31:
 20232022
Balance% of
Portfolio
Balance% of
Portfolio
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations$— — %$164,660 5.76 %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions322,764 15.05 436,788 15.28 
Mortgage-backed securities1,695,604 79.06 2,122,855 74.28 
Other debt securities126,407 5.89 133,711 4.68 
$2,144,775 100.00 %$2,858,014 100.00 %
Allowance for credit losses - held to maturity securities(32)(32)
Securities, net of allowance for credit losses$2,144,743 $2,857,982 
During 2023, we purchased $11,899 in investment securities. Proceeds from the sale of securities totaled $488,981, which were primarily used to pay down FHLB borrowings, and resulted in a pre-tax loss of $22,438. During 2023, proceeds from maturities and calls of securities totaled $258,978, and such proceeds were primarily used to fund loan growth.
During 2022, primarily in the first half of the year, we deployed a portion of our excess liquidity into the securities portfolio and purchased $804,899 in investment securities, with mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), in the aggregate, comprising the majority of such purchases. CMOs are included in the “Mortgage-backed securities” line item in the above table. The mortgage-backed securities and CMOs held in our investment portfolio are issued by government sponsored entities. We did not sell any securities in 2022. Proceeds from maturities and calls of securities during 2022 totaled $452,955, which were primarily reinvested in the securities portfolio or used to fund loan growth.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company transferred, at fair value, $882,927 of securities from the available for sale portfolio to the held to maturity portfolio. The related net unrealized losses of $99,675 (after tax losses of $74,307) remained in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are amortized over the remaining life of the securities, offsetting the related amortization of discount on the transferred securities. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net unrealized after tax losses remaining to be amortized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was $58,522 and $68,613, respectively. No gains or losses were recognized at the time of transfer.
The allowance for credit losses on held to maturity securities is evaluated on a quarterly basis in accordance with ASC 326. Expected credit losses on debt securities classified as held to maturity are measured on a collective basis by major security type. The estimates of expected credit losses are based on historical default rates, investment grades, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for credit losses on held to maturity securities was $32.
At December 31, 2023, unrealized losses of $139,794 were recorded on available for sale investment securities with a carrying value of $692,593. At December 31, 2022, unrealized losses of $201,299 were recorded on available for sale securities with a carrying value of $1,515,088. At December 31, 2023, the Company had the intent to sell a portion of its securities in an unrealized loss position, and recognized a non-credit related impairment loss of $19,352 in addition to losses on sales of securities earlier in the year of $22,438. Notwithstanding the securities sales in 2023, it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any security in the investment portfolio prior to the recovery of its amortized cost basis, which
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may be maturity. Furthermore, more than 90% of available for sale securities have the explicit or implicit backing of the United States government. Performance of these securities has been in line with broader market price performance, indicating to management that increases in market-based, risk free rates, and not credit-related factors, are the reason for the losses. For municipal and corporate securities, the Company considers historical experience with credit sensitive securities, current market conditions, the financial health of the issuer, current credit ratings, ratings changes and outlook, explicit and implicit guarantees, and/or insurance programs when determining the fair value of the contractual cash flows. Based on its review of these factors as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company determined that all such losses resulted from factors not deemed credit related. As a result, no credit-related impairment was recognized in current earnings, and all unrealized losses for available for sale securities were recorded in Other comprehensive income.
The following table sets forth the scheduled maturity distribution and weighted average yield based on the amortized cost of the debt securities in our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2023.
 Amortized CostYield  
Held to Maturity:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 Maturing within one year$— — %
 Maturing after one year through five years7,770 1.66 %
 Maturing after five years through ten years80,233 1.83 %