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Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Investment Securities: The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For investment securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar investment securities (Level 2). For investment securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar investment securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Level 3 pricing is obtained from a third-party based upon similar trades that are not traded frequently without adjustment by the Company. At March 31, 2026, the Company held no Level 3 securities. Absent the credit rating, significant assumptions must be made such that the credit risk input becomes an unobservable input and thus these investment securities are reported by the Company in a Level 3 classification.

Derivatives: The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

Collateral Dependent Loans: Fair values for collateral dependent loans are generally based on appraisals obtained from licensed real estate appraisers and in certain circumstances includes consideration of offers obtained to purchase properties prior to foreclosure. Appraisals for commercial real estate generally use three methods to derive value: cost, sales or market comparison and income approach. The cost method bases value in the cost to replace the current property. Value of market comparison approach evaluates the sales price of similar properties in the same market area. The income approach considers net operating income generated by the property and an investor’s required return. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Comparable sales adjustments are based on known sales prices of similar type and similar use properties and duration of time that the property has been on the market to sell. Such adjustments made in the appraisal process are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of the Company’s Risk Management Area reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal. In determining the value of collateral dependent loans and other real estate owned, significant unobservable inputs may be used which include: physical condition of comparable properties sold, net operating income generated by the property and investor rates of return.

Other Real Estate: Nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as other real estate are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property utilizing similar techniques as discussed above for Individually Analyzed Loans, resulting in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, impairment loss is recognized.

Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSR): On a quarterly basis, mortgage servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, impairment is determined and recorded. The fair value of MSRs is determined by discounting estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets, using market discount rates and expected future prepayment rates stratifying the MSRs into groupings based on predominant risk characteristics, such as loan type, term and interest rate as well as time period originated.

Loans Held-for-Sale: The fair values of loans held for sale are determined by using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial assets and liabilities for which the Company has elected the fair value option, are summarized below:


	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2026 Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
U.S. Treasury	$	135,411	$	—	$	—	$	135,411
Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions	—		486,535		—		486,535
MBS/CMO	—		740,928		—		740,928
US Gov’t Sponsored Entities & Agencies	—		304,056		—		304,056
Total Securities	$	135,411	$	1,531,519	$	—	$	1,666,930

Loans Held-for-Sale	$	—	$	15,451	$	—	$	15,451

Mortgage Servicing Rights	$	—	$	4,533	$	—	$	4,533

Derivative Assets	$	—	$	3,785	$	—	$	3,785

Derivative Liabilities	$	—	$	3,868	$	—	$	3,868


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2025 Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
U.S. Treasury	$	152,090	$	—	$	—	$	152,090
Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions	—		497,606		—		497,606
MBS/CMO	—		719,542		—		719,542
US Gov’t Sponsored Entities & Agencies	—		288,156		—		288,156
Total Securities	$	152,090	$	1,505,304	$	—	$	1,657,394

Loans Held-for-Sale	$	—	$	7,817	$	—	$	7,817

Mortgage Servicing Rights	$	—	$	4,544	$	—	$	4,544

Derivative Assets	$	—	$	4,145	$	—	$	4,145

Derivative Liabilities	$	—	$	4,212	$	—	$	4,212

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, there was no activity in Level 3 securities.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the aggregate fair value, contractual balance (including accrued interest), and gain or loss on Loans Held-for-Sale was as follows:


	March 31, 2026		December 31, 2025

Aggregate Fair Value	$	15,451	$	7,817
Contractual Balance	15,340		7,660
Gain	111		157

The total amount of gains (losses) from changes in fair value included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 for loans held for sale were $(46) and $(4), respectively.

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:


	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2026 Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and Industrial Loans	$	—	$	—	$	13,385	$	13,385
Commercial Real Estate Loans	$	—	$	—	$	19,909	$	19,909
Agricultural Loans	$	—	$	—	$	2,270	$	2,270
Consumer Loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Home Equity Loans	$	—	$	—	$	330	$	330
Residential Mortgage Loans	$	—	$	—	$	241	$	241


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2025 Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and Industrial Loans	$	—	$	—	$	14,914	$	14,914
Commercial Real Estate Loans	$	—	$	—	$	23,698	$	23,698
Agricultural Loans	$	—	$	—	$	2,544	$	2,544
Consumer Loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Home Equity Loans	$	—	$	—	$	330	$	330
Residential Mortgage Loans	$	—	$	—	$	366	$	366

The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:


March 31, 2026	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input(s)	Range (Weighted Average)

Collateral Dependent Loans - Commercial and Industrial Loans	$	13,385	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	20%-100% (72%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Commercial Real Estate Loans	$	19,909	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	20%-100% (85%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Agricultural Loans	$	2,270	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	10%-58% (33%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Consumer Loans	$	—	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	0%-0% (0%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Home Equity Loans	$	330	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	20%-20% (20%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Residential Mortgage Loans	$	241	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	20%-20% (20%)


December 31, 2025	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input(s)	Range (Weighted Average)

Collateral Dependent Loans - Commercial and Industrial Loans	$	14,914	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	7%-100% (69%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Commercial Real Estate Loans	$	23,698	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	20%-100% (89%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Agricultural Loans	$	2,544	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	10%-53% (37%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Consumer Loans	$	—	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	0%-0% (0%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Home Equity Loans	$	330	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	20%-20% (20%)
Collateral Dependent Loans - Residential Mortgage Loans	$	366	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for physical condition of comparable properties sold	20%-20% (20%)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not previously presented are provided in the tables below for the periods ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Not all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments, and therefore are not included in the tables. Because no active market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates were based on subjective judgments, and therefore cannot be determined with precision.


			Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2026 Using
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial Assets:
Cash and Short-term Investments	$	123,927	$	75,956	$	47,971	$	—	$	123,927
Interest Bearing Time Deposits with Banks	500		—		500		—		500
Loans, Net	5,734,746		—		—		5,681,915		5,681,915
Accrued Interest Receivable	37,683		—		8,716		28,967		37,683
Financial Liabilities:
Demand, Savings, and Money Market Deposits	(5,695,388)		(5,695,388)		—		—		(5,695,388)
Time Deposits	(1,285,520)		—		(1,280,698)		—		(1,280,698)
Short-term Borrowings	(30,362)		—		(30,362)		—		(30,362)
Long-term Debt	(138,873)		—		(102,613)		(34,758)		(137,371)
Accrued Interest Payable	(6,936)		—		(6,637)		(299)		(6,936)


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2025 Using
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial Assets:
Cash and Short-term Investments	$	118,382	$	71,428	$	46,954	$	—	$	118,382
Interest Bearing Time Deposits with Banks	500		—		500		—		500
Loans, Net	5,755,551		—		—		5,702,933		5,702,933
Accrued Interest Receivable	38,997		—		9,496		29,501		38,997
Financial Liabilities:
Demand, Savings, and Money Market Deposits	(5,700,205)		(5,700,205)		—		—		(5,700,205)
Time Deposits	(1,289,537)		—		(1,286,002)		—		(1,286,002)
Short-term Borrowings	(43,852)		—		(43,852)		—		(43,852)
Long-term Debt	(138,831)		—		(102,892)		(34,126)		(137,018)
Accrued Interest Payable	(10,243)		—		(9,925)		(318)		(10,243)

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References

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