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Asset Quality
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Asset Quality [Abstract]  
Asset Quality

Note 4 Asset Quality

 

Asset Quality

We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency rates may be a key indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within the loan portfolios. The measurement of delinquency status is based on the contractual terms of each loan. Loans that are 30 days or more past due in terms of payment are considered delinquent. Loan delinquencies exclude loans held for sale, purchased impaired loans, nonperforming loans and fair value option nonaccrual loans, but include government insured or guaranteed loans and accruing loans accounted for under the fair value option.

 

The trends in nonperforming assets represent another key indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans, OREO and foreclosed assets. Nonperforming loans are those loans accounted for at amortized cost that have deteriorated in credit quality to the extent that full collection of contractual principal and interest is not probable. Interest income is not recognized on these loans. Loans accounted for under the fair value option are reported as performing loans as these loans are accounted for at fair value. However, when nonaccrual criteria is met, interest income is not recognized on these loans. Additionally, certain government insured or guaranteed loans for which we expect to collect substantially all principal and interest are not reported as nonperforming loans and continue to accrue interest. Purchased impaired loans are excluded from nonperforming loans as we are currently accreting interest income over the expected life of the loans. See Note 5 Purchased Loans for further information.

 

See Note 1 Accounting Policies for additional delinquency, nonperforming, and charge-off information.

 

The following tables display the delinquency status of our loans and our nonperforming assets at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

 

Table 58: Analysis of Loan Portfolio (a)
                                      
    Accruing                
     Current or Less     90 Days       Fair Value Option       
     Than 30 Days 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Or More  Total Past  NonperformingNonaccrual Purchased Total 
Dollars in millions Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due  Due (b)  Loans Loans (c) Impaired Loans 
June 30, 2014                                  
 Commercial$92,901 $71  $26  $35  $132   $394      $109 $93,536 
 Commercial real estate 22,049  17   48       65    435       370  22,919 
 Equipment lease financing 7,619  4   1       5    4          7,628 
 Home equity 32,131  65   27       92    1,093       2,150  35,466 
 Residential real estate (d) 9,435  161   69   895   1,125    816  $256   2,928  14,560 
 Credit card  4,359  26   18   29   73    3          4,435 
 Other consumer (e) 21,778  204   109   293   606    56          22,440 
  Total $190,272 $548  $298  $1,252  $2,098   $2,801  $256  $5,557 $200,984 
 Percentage of total loans 94.67% .27%  .15%  .62%  1.04%   1.39%  .13%  2.77% 100.00%
December 31, 2013                                  
 Commercial$ 87,621 $ 81  $ 20  $ 42  $ 143   $ 457      $ 157 $ 88,378 
 Commercial real estate  20,090   54    11    2    67     518        516   21,191 
 Equipment lease financing  7,538   31    2        33     5           7,576 
 Home equity   32,877   86    34        120     1,139        2,311   36,447 
 Residential real estate (d)  9,311   217    87    1,060    1,364     904  $ 365    3,121   15,065 
 Credit card  4,339   29    19    34    82     4           4,425 
 Other consumer (e)  21,788   216    112    353    681     61        1   22,531 
  Total $ 183,564 $ 714  $ 285  $ 1,491  $ 2,490   $ 3,088  $ 365  $ 6,106 $ 195,613 
 Percentage of total loans 93.83% .37%  .15%  .76%  1.28%   1.58%  .19%  3.12% 100.00%
(a)Amounts in table represent recorded investment and exclude loans held for sale.
(b)Past due loan amounts exclude purchased impaired loans, even if contractually past due (or if we do not expect to receive payment in full based on the original contractual terms), as we are currently accreting interest income over the expected life of the loans.
(c)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option for which we do not expect to collect substantially all principal and interest are subject to nonaccrual accounting and classification upon meeting any of our nonaccrual policies. Given that these loans are not accounted for at amortized cost, these loans have been excluded from the nonperforming loan population.
(d)Past due loan amounts at June 30, 2014 include government insured or guaranteed Residential real estate mortgages totaling $74 million for 30 to 59 days past due, $48 million for 60 to 89 days past due and $872 million for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2013 include government insured or guaranteed Residential real estate mortgages totaling $105 million for 30 to 59 days past due, $57 million for 60 to 89 days past due and $1,025 million for 90 days or more past due.
(e)Past due loan amounts at June 30, 2014 include government insured or guaranteed Other consumer loans totaling $154 million for 30 to 59 days past due, $94 million for 60 to 89 days past due and $281 million for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2013 include government insured or guaranteed Other consumer loans totaling $154 million for 30 to 59 days past due, $94 million for 60 to 89 days past due and $339 million for 90 days or more past due.

Table 59: Nonperforming Assets
              
       June 30  December 31 
Dollars in millions   2014   2013 
Nonperforming loans         
 Commercial lending         
  Commercial  $ 394  $ 457 
  Commercial real estate    435    518 
  Equipment lease financing    4    5 
   Total commercial lending    833    980 
 Consumer lending (a)         
  Home equity     1,093    1,139 
  Residential real estate     816    904 
  Credit card     3    4 
  Other consumer     56    61 
   Total consumer lending    1,968    2,108 
Total nonperforming loans (b)    2,801    3,088 
OREO and foreclosed assets         
 Other real estate owned (OREO) (c)    352    360 
 Foreclosed and other assets    15    9 
   Total OREO and foreclosed assets    367    369 
Total nonperforming assets  $ 3,168  $ 3,457 
Nonperforming loans to total loans    1.39%   1.58%
Nonperforming assets to total loans, OREO and foreclosed assets    1.57    1.76 
Nonperforming assets to total assets    .97    1.08 
(a)Excludes most consumer loans and lines of credit, not secured by residential real estate, which are charged off after 120 to 180 days past due and are not placed on nonperforming status.
(b)Nonperforming loans exclude certain government insured or guaranteed loans, loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option and purchased impaired loans.
(c)OREO excludes $228 million and $245 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, related to commercial and residential real estate that was acquired by us upon foreclosure of serviced loans because they are insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or guaranteed by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

Nonperforming loans also include certain loans whose terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, these loans are considered TDRs. See Note 1 Accounting Policies and the TDR section of this Note 4 for additional information. For the six months ended June 30, 2014, $.6 billion of loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option, pooled purchased impaired loans, as well as certain consumer government insured or guaranteed loans which were evaluated for TDR consideration, are not classified as TDRs. The comparable amount for the six months ended June 30, 2013 was $1.7 billion.

 

Total nonperforming loans in the nonperforming assets table above include TDRs of $1.4 billion at June 30, 2014 and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2013. TDRs that are performing, including credit card loans, totaled $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, and are excluded from nonperforming loans. Generally, these loans have demonstrated a period of at least six months of consecutive performance under the restructured terms. Loans where borrowers have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC are not returned to accrual status. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors in a commercial or consumer TDR were immaterial.

 

Additional Asset Quality Indicators

We have two overall portfolio segments – Commercial Lending and Consumer Lending. Each of these two segments is comprised of multiple loan classes. Classes are characterized by similarities in initial measurement, risk attributes and the manner in which we monitor and assess credit risk. The commercial segment is comprised of the commercial, commercial real estate, equipment lease financing, and commercial purchased impaired loan classes. The consumer segment is comprised of the home equity, residential real estate, credit card, other consumer, and consumer purchased impaired loan classes. Asset quality indicators for each of these loan classes are discussed in more detail below.

 

Commercial Lending Asset Classes

 

Commercial Loan Class

For commercial loans, we monitor the performance of the borrower in a disciplined and regular manner based upon the level of credit risk inherent in the loan. To evaluate the level of credit risk, we assign an internal risk rating reflecting the borrower's PD and LGD. This two-dimensional credit risk rating methodology provides granularity in the risk monitoring process on an ongoing basis. These ratings are reviewed and updated on a risk-adjusted basis, generally at least once per year. Additionally, no less frequently than on an annual basis, we review PD rates related to each rating grade based upon internal historical data. These rates are updated as needed and augmented by market data as deemed necessary. For small balance homogenous pools of commercial loans, mortgages and leases, we apply statistical modeling to assist in determining the probability of default within these pools. Further, on a periodic basis, we update our LGD estimates associated with each rating grade based upon historical data. The combination of the PD and LGD ratings assigned to a commercial loan, capturing both the combination of expectations of default and loss severity in event of default, reflects the relative estimated likelihood of loss for that loan at the reporting date. In general, loans with better PD and LGD tend to have a lower likelihood of loss compared to loans with worse PD and LGD, which tend to have a higher likelihood of loss. The loss amount also considers exposure at date of default, which we also periodically update based upon historical data.

 

Based upon the amount of the lending arrangement and our risk rating assessment, we follow a formal schedule of written periodic review. On a quarterly basis, we conduct formal reviews of a market's or business unit's entire loan portfolio, focusing on those loans which we perceive to be of higher risk, based upon PDs and LGDs, or loans for which credit quality is weakening. If circumstances warrant, it is our practice to review any customer obligation and its level of credit risk more frequently. We attempt to proactively manage our loans by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan, including ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

 

Commercial Real Estate Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD. Additionally, risks connected with commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities tend to be correlated to the loan structure and collateral location, project progress and business environment. As a result, these attributes are also monitored and utilized in assessing credit risk.

 

As with the commercial class, a formal schedule of periodic review is also performed to assess market/geographic risk and business unit/industry risk. Often as a result of these overviews, more in-depth reviews and increased scrutiny are placed on areas of higher risk, including adverse changes in risk ratings, deteriorating operating trends, and/or areas that concern management. These reviews are designed to assess risk and take actions to mitigate our exposure to such risks.

 

Equipment Lease Financing Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our equipment lease financing class similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD.

 

Based upon the dollar amount of the lease and of the level of credit risk, we follow a formal schedule of periodic review. Generally, this occurs quarterly, although we have established practices to review such credit risk more frequently if circumstances warrant. Our review process entails analysis of the following factors: equipment value/residual value, exposure levels, jurisdiction risk, industry risk, guarantor requirements, and regulatory compliance.

 

Commercial Purchased Impaired Loan Class

The credit impacts of purchased impaired loans are primarily determined through the estimation of expected cash flows. Commercial cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include but are not limited to: estimated collateral value, receipt of additional collateral, secondary trading prices, circumstances of possible and/or ongoing liquidation, capital availability, business operations and payment patterns.

 

We attempt to proactively manage these factors by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan. These procedures include a review by our Special Asset Committee (SAC), ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

See Note 5 Purchased Loans for additional information.

 

Table 60: Commercial Lending Asset Quality Indicators (a)(b)  
        Criticized Commercial Loans   
      Pass Special          Total 
In millions  Rated  Mention (c) Substandard (d) Doubtful (e)  Loans 
June 30, 2014                  
 Commercial $89,158 $1,794  $2,394  $81 $93,427 
 Commercial real estate  21,393  212   893   51  22,549 
 Equipment lease financing  7,470  70   85   3  7,628 
 Purchased impaired loans      28   380   71  479 
  Total commercial lending  $118,021 $2,104  $3,752  $206 $124,083 
December 31, 2013                  
 Commercial $83,903 $1,894  $2,352  $72 $88,221 
 Commercial real estate  19,175  301   1,113   86  20,675 
 Equipment lease financing  7,403  77   93   3  7,576 
 Purchased impaired loans   10  31   469   163  673 
  Total commercial lending  $110,491 $2,303  $4,027  $324 $117,145 
(a)Based upon PDs and LGDs. We apply a split rating classification to certain loans meeting threshold criteria. By assigning a split classification, a loan's exposure amount may be split into more than one classification category in the above table.
(b)Loans are included above based on the Regulatory Classification definitions of "Pass", "Special Mention", "Substandard" and "Doubtful".
(c)Special Mention rated loans have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration
  of repayment prospects at some future date. These loans do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant a more adverse classification at this time.
(d)Substandard rated loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility
  that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
(e)Doubtful rated loans possess all the inherent weaknesses of a Substandard loan with the additional characteristics that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full
  improbable due to existing facts, conditions, and values.

Consumer Lending Asset Classes

 

Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Loan Classes

We use several credit quality indicators, including delinquency information, nonperforming loan information, updated credit scores, originated and updated LTV ratios, and geography, to monitor and manage credit risk within the home equity and residential real estate loan classes. We evaluate mortgage loan performance by source originators and loan servicers. A summary of asset quality indicators follows:

 

Delinquency/Delinquency Rates: We monitor trending of delinquency/delinquency rates for home equity and residential real estate loans. See the Asset Quality section of this Note 4 for additional information.

 

Nonperforming Loans: We monitor trending of nonperforming loans for home equity and residential real estate loans. See the Asset Quality section of this Note 4 for additional information.

 

Credit Scores: We use a national third-party provider to update FICO credit scores for home equity loans and lines of credit and residential real estate loans at least quarterly. The updated scores are incorporated into a series of credit management reports, which are utilized to monitor the risk in the loan classes.

 

LTV (inclusive of combined loan-to-value (CLTV) for first and subordinate lien positions): At least semi-annually, we update the property values of real estate collateral and calculate an updated LTV ratio. For open-end credit lines secured by real estate in regions experiencing significant declines in property values, more frequent valuations may occur. We examine LTV migration and stratify LTV into categories to monitor the risk in the loan classes.

 

Historically, we used, and we continue to use, a combination of original LTV and updated LTV for internal risk management and reporting purposes (e.g., line management, loss mitigation strategies). In addition to the fact that estimated property values by their nature are estimates, given certain data limitations it is important to note that updated LTVs may be based upon management's assumptions (e.g., if an updated LTV is not provided by the third-party service provider, home price index (HPI) changes will be incorporated in arriving at management's estimate of updated LTV).

 

Geography: Geographic concentrations are monitored to evaluate and manage exposures. Loan purchase programs are sensitive to, and focused within, certain regions to manage geographic exposures and associated risks.

 

A combination of updated FICO scores, originated and updated LTV ratios and geographic location assigned to home equity loans and lines of credit and residential real estate loans is used to monitor the risk in the loan classes. Loans with higher FICO scores and lower LTVs tend to have a lower level of risk. Conversely, loans with lower FICO scores, higher LTVs, and in certain geographic locations tend to have a higher level of risk.

 

Consumer Purchased Impaired Loan Class

Estimates of the expected cash flows primarily determine the valuation of consumer purchased impaired loans. Consumer cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include, but are not limited to: estimated real estate values, payment patterns, updated FICO scores, the current economic environment, updated LTV ratios and the date of origination. These key factors are monitored to help ensure that concentrations of risk are mitigated and cash flows are maximized.

 

See Note 5 Purchased Loans for additional information.

 

Table 61: Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Balances    
          
    June 30  December 31 
In millions  2014  2013 
 Home equity and residential real estate loans - excluding purchased impaired loans (a) $43,566 $44,376 
 Home equity and residential real estate loans - purchased impaired loans (b)  5,120  5,548 
 Government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages (a)  1,382  1,704 
 Purchase accounting adjustments - purchased impaired loans  (42)  (116) 
  Total home equity and residential real estate loans (a) $50,026 $51,512 
(a)Represents recorded investment.
(b)Represents outstanding balance.       

Table 62: Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Asset Quality Indicators – Excluding Purchased Impaired Loans (a) (b) 
                  
 Home Equity Residential Real Estate    
June 30, 2014 - in millions1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (c)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 400 $ 1,677  $ 457  $ 2,534 
  Less than or equal to 660 (d) (e)  69   327    121    517 
  Missing FICO  2   11    10    23 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  954   2,520    895    4,369 
  Less than or equal to 660 (d) (e)  126   427    181    734 
  Missing FICO  2   7    13    22 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  959   1,825    815    3,599 
  Less than or equal to 660   121   282    129    532 
  Missing FICO  2   4    12    18 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  13,611   7,701    6,909    28,221 
  Less than or equal to 660  1,298   949    591    2,838 
  Missing FICO  26   16    117    159 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 17,570 $ 15,746  $ 10,250  $ 43,566 

 Home Equity Residential Real Estate    
December 31, 2013 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (c)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 438 $ 1,914  $ 563  $ 2,915 
  Less than or equal to 660 (d) (e)  74   399    185    658 
  Missing FICO  1   11    20    32 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  987   2,794    1,005    4,786 
  Less than or equal to 660 (d) (e)  150   501    210    861 
  Missing FICO  2   5    32    39 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  1,047   1,916    844    3,807 
  Less than or equal to 660   134   298    131    563 
  Missing FICO  2   3    22    27 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  13,445   7,615    6,309    27,369 
  Less than or equal to 660  1,349   1,009    662    3,020 
  Missing FICO  25   17    256    298 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660         1    1 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 17,654 $ 16,482  $ 10,240  $ 44,376 
(a)Excludes purchased impaired loans of approximately $5.1 billion and $5.4 billion in recorded investment, certain government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages of approximately $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion, and loans held for sale at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. See the Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Asset Quality Indicators - Purchased Impaired Loans table below for additional information on purchased impaired loans.
(b)Amounts shown represent recorded investment. 
(c)Based upon updated LTV (inclusive of combined loan-to-value (CLTV) for first and subordinate lien positions). Updated LTV is estimated using modeled property values. These ratios are updated at least semi-annually. The related estimates and inputs are based upon an approach that uses a combination of third-party automated valuation models (AVMs), HPI indices, property location, internal and external balance information, origination data and management assumptions. In cases where we are in an originated second lien position, we generally utilize origination balances provided by a third-party which do not include an amortization assumption when calculating updated LTV. Accordingly, the results of these calculations do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral or updated LTV based upon a current first lien balance, and as such, are necessarily imprecise and subject to change as we enhance our methodology.
(d)Higher risk loans are defined as loans with both an updated FICO score of less than or equal to 660 and an updated LTV greater than or equal to 100%.
(e)The following states had the highest percentage of higher risk loans at June 30, 2014: New Jersey 14%, Pennsylvania 12%, Illinois 11%, Ohio 11%, Florida 8%, Maryland 5%, Michigan 5%, California 4% and North Carolina 4%. The remainder of the states had lower than 4% of the higher risk loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 26% of the higher risk loans. The following states had the highest percentage of higher risk loans at December 31, 2013: New Jersey 13%, Illinois 12%, Pennsylvania 12%, Ohio 11%, Florida 9%, Maryland 5%, Michigan 5%, and California 4%. The remainder of the states had lower than 4% of the high risk loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 29% of the higher risk loans.

Table 63: Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Asset Quality Indicators – Purchased Impaired Loans (a)  
                  
 Home Equity (b) (c) Residential Real Estate (b) (c)   
June 30, 2014 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (d)               
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$11 $350  $361  $ 722 
  Less than or equal to 660  10  169   230    409 
  Missing FICO    10   9    19 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660 16  510   333    859 
  Less than or equal to 660  16  223   245    484 
  Missing FICO    13   8    21 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660 15  205   211    431 
  Less than or equal to 660  10  94   146    250 
  Missing FICO    7   6    13 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660 98  277   625    1,000 
  Less than or equal to 660 116  177   551    844 
  Missing FICO 1  11   21    33 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660 1      14    15 
  Less than or equal to 660 3      14    17 
  Missing FICO         3    3 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 297 $ 2,046  $ 2,777  $ 5,120 

 Home Equity (b) (c )  Residential Real Estate (b) (c)   
December 31, 2013 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (d)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 13 $ 435  $ 361  $ 809 
  Less than or equal to 660   15   215    296    526 
  Missing FICO     12    24    36 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  21   516    373    910 
  Less than or equal to 660   15   239    281    535 
  Missing FICO     14    14    28 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  15   202    197    414 
  Less than or equal to 660   12   101    163    276 
  Missing FICO     7    6    13 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  93   261    646    1,000 
  Less than or equal to 660  126   198    590    914 
  Missing FICO  1   11    47    59 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  1       11    12 
  Less than or equal to 660         13    13 
  Missing FICO         3    3 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 312 $ 2,211  $ 3,025  $ 5,548 
(a)Amounts shown represent outstanding balance. See Note 5 Purchased Loans for additional information.
(b)For the estimate of cash flows utilized in our purchased impaired loan accounting, other assumptions and estimates are made, including amortization of first lien balances, pre-payment rates, etc., which are not reflected in this table.
(c)The following states had the highest percentage of purchased impaired loans at June 30, 2014: California 17%, Florida 15%, Illinois 11%, Ohio 8%, North Carolina 7%, and Michigan 5%. The remainder of the states had lower than a 4% concentration of purchased impaired loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 37% of the purchased impaired portfolio. The following states had the highest percentage of purchased impaired loans at December 31, 2013: California 17%, Florida 16%, Illinois 11%, Ohio 8%, North Carolina 8% and Michigan 5%. The remainder of the states had lower than a 4% concentration of purchased impaired loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 35% of the purchased impaired portfolio.
(d)Based upon updated LTV (inclusive of combined loan-to-value (CLTV) for first and subordinate lien positions). Updated LTV is estimated using modeled property values. These ratios are updated at least semi-annually. The related estimates and inputs are based upon an approach that uses a combination of third-party automated valuation models (AVMs), HPI indices, property location, internal and external balance information, origination data and management assumptions. In cases where we are in an originated second lien position, we generally utilize origination balances provided by a third-party which do not include an amortization assumption when calculating updated LTV. Accordingly, the results of these calculations do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral or updated LTV based upon a current first lien balance, and as such, are necessarily imprecise and subject to change as we enhance our methodology.

Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes

We monitor a variety of asset quality information in the management of the credit card and other consumer loan classes. Other consumer loan classes include education, automobile, and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Along with the trending of delinquencies and losses for each class, FICO credit score updates are generally obtained monthly, as well as a variety of credit bureau attributes. Loans with high FICO scores tend to have a lower likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with low FICO scores tend to have a higher likelihood of loss.

 

Table 64: Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes Asset Quality Indicators
               
 Credit Card (a)  Other Consumer (b) 
     % of Total Loans     % of Total Loans 
     Using FICO     Using FICO  
Dollars in millions Amount Credit Metric   Amount Credit Metric 
June 30, 2014             
 FICO score greater than 719$ 2,587  58%  $ 9,049  64% 
 650 to 719  1,233  28     3,446  25  
 620 to 649  192  4     509  4  
 Less than 620  222  5     604  4  
 No FICO score available or required (c)  201  5     422  3  
Total loans using FICO credit metric  4,435  100%    14,030  100% 
 Consumer loans using other internal credit metrics (b)         8,410    
Total loan balance$ 4,435     $ 22,440    
Weighted-average updated FICO score (d)     732       744  
December 31, 2013 (e)             
 FICO score greater than 719$ 2,546  58%  $ 8,596  63% 
 650 to 719  1,253  28     3,511  26  
 620 to 649  203  4     527  4  
 Less than 620  258  6     628  4  
 No FICO score available or required (c)  165  4     474  3  
Total loans using FICO credit metric  4,425  100%    13,736  100% 
 Consumer loans using other internal credit metrics (b)         8,795    
Total loan balance$ 4,425     $ 22,531    
Weighted-average updated FICO score (d)     730       741  
(a)At June 30, 2014, we had $31 million of credit card loans that are higher risk (i.e., loans with both updated FICO scores less than 660 and in late stage (90+ days)
 delinquency status). The majority of the June 30, 2014 balance related to higher risk credit card loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas:
 Pennsylvania 18%, Ohio 17%, Michigan 10%, New Jersey 8%, Illinois 7%, Florida 6%, Indiana 6% and Kentucky 4%. All other states had less than 4% individually and
 make up the remainder of the balance. At December 31, 2013, we had $35 million of credit card loans that are higher risk. The majority of the December 31,
 2013 balance related to higher risk credit card loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Ohio 18%, Pennsylvania 17%, Michigan 11%, Illinois 7%,
 New Jersey 7%, Indiana 6%, Florida 6% and Kentucky 4%. All other states had less than 4% individually and make up the remainder of the balance.  
(b)Other consumer loans for which updated FICO scores are used as an asset quality indicator include non-government guaranteed or insured education loans, automobile
 loans and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Other consumer loans for which other internal credit metrics are used as an asset quality indicator include primarily
 government guaranteed or insured education loans, as well as consumer loans to high net worth individuals. Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status,
 geography or other factors.             
(c)Credit card loans and other consumer loans with no FICO score available or required refers to new accounts issued to borrowers with limited credit history, accounts for
 which we cannot obtain an updated FICO (e.g., recent profile changes), cards issued with a business name, and/or cards secured by collateral. Management proactively
 assesses the risk and size of this loan portfolio and, when necessary, takes actions to mitigate the credit risk.
(d)Weighted-average updated FICO score excludes accounts with no FICO score available or required.
(e)In the second quarter of 2014, we corrected our credit card FICO score determination process by further refining the data which impacted FICO scores greater than 719, 650 to 719, 620 to 649, less than 620 and no FICO score available. This resulted in a reclass in the prior period of $242 million from "No FICO score available or required" to the other line items. The majority of the reclass went to the "FICO score greater than 719" category.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

 

A TDR is a loan whose terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. TDRs result from our loss mitigation activities, and include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, postponement/reduction of scheduled amortization, and extensions, which are intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. Additionally, TDRs also result from borrowers that have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC. In those situations where principal is forgiven, the amount of such principal forgiveness is immediately charged off.

 

Some TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as restructured, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall ALLL estimate. The level of any subsequent defaults will likely be affected by future economic conditions. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR until it is ultimately repaid in full, the collateral is foreclosed upon, or it is fully charged off. We held specific reserves in the ALLL of $.4 billion and $.5 billion at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, for the total TDR portfolio.

 

Table 65: Summary of Troubled Debt Restructurings 
         
    June 30  December 31 
In millions  2014  2013 
Total consumer lending $2,121 $2,161 
Total commercial lending 546  578 
 Total TDRs $2,667 $2,739 
Nonperforming  $1,369 $1,511 
Accruing (a)  1,153  1,062 
Credit card   145  166 
 Total TDRs $2,667 $2,739 
(a)Accruing loans have demonstrated a period of at least six months of performance under the restructured terms and are excluded from nonperforming loans. Loans where borrowers have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC are not returned to accrual status.

Table 66 quantifies the number of loans that were classified as TDRs as well as the change in the recorded investments as a result of the TDR classification during the first six months of 2014 and 2013. Additionally, the table provides information about the types of TDR concessions. The Principal Forgiveness TDR category includes principal forgiveness and accrued interest forgiveness. These types of TDRs result in a write down of the recorded investment and a charge-off if such action has not already taken place. The Rate Reduction TDR category includes reduced interest rate and interest deferral. The TDRs within this category would result in reductions to future interest income. The Other TDR category primarily includes consumer borrowers that have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC, as well as postponement/reduction of scheduled amortization and contractual extensions for both consumer and commercial borrowers.

 

In some cases, there have been multiple concessions granted on one loan. This is most common within the commercial loan portfolio. When there have been multiple concessions granted in the commercial loan portfolio, the principal forgiveness TDR was prioritized for purposes of determining the inclusion in the table below. For example, if there is principal forgiveness in conjunction with lower interest rate and postponement of amortization, the type of concession will be reported as Principal Forgiveness. Second in priority would be rate reduction. For example, if there is an interest rate reduction in conjunction with postponement of amortization, the type of concession will be reported as a Rate Reduction. In the event that multiple concessions are granted on a consumer loan, concessions resulting from discharge from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy without formal affirmation of the loan obligations to PNC would be prioritized and included in the Other type of concession in the table below. After that, consumer loan concessions would follow the previously discussed priority of concessions for the commercial loan portfolio.

 

Table 66: Financial Impact and TDRs by Concession Type (a)   
                          
      Pre-TDR Post-TDR Recorded Investment (c) 
During the three months ended June 30, 2014 Number  Recorded  Principal  Rate       
Dollars in millions of Loans  Investment (b)  Forgiveness  Reduction  Other  Total 
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   29  $ 48  $ 3  $ 4  $ 40  $ 47 
 Commercial real estate   23    40        4    32    36 
Total commercial lending (d)   52    88    3    8    72    83 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   561    40        9    29    38 
 Residential real estate   161    22        7    15    22 
 Credit card   1,717    14        14        14 
 Other consumer   222    4            3    3 
Total consumer lending   2,661    80        30    47    77 
 Total TDRs   2,713  $ 168  $ 3  $ 38  $ 119  $ 160 
During the three months ended June 30, 2013                         
Dollars in millions                        
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   47  $ 61  $ 4  $ 13  $ 29  $ 46 
 Commercial real estate   34    57    6    2    27    35 
 Equipment lease financing   1    3                 
Total commercial lending    82    121    10    15    56    81 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   1,165    87        43    33    76 
 Residential real estate   267    33        7    25    32 
 Credit card   2,288    18        17        17 
 Other consumer   438    7        1    6    7 
Total consumer lending   4,158    145        68    64    132 
 Total TDRs   4,240  $ 266  $ 10  $ 83  $ 120  $ 213 
                          
(a)Impact of partial charge-offs at TDR date are included in this table.
(b)Represents the recorded investment of the loans as of the quarter end immediately preceding TDR designation, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(c)Represents the recorded investment of the TDRs as of the quarter and immediately following the TDR designation, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(d)During the three months ended June 30, 2014, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class.

Table 66: Financial Impact and TDRs by Concession Type (Continued) (a)     
                          
      Pre-TDR Post-TDR Recorded Investment (c) 
During the six months ended June 30, 2014 Number  Recorded  Principal  Rate       
Dollars in millions of Loans  Investment (b)  Forgiveness  Reduction  Other  Total 
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   63  $ 89  $ 3  $ 4  $ 78  $ 85 
 Commercial real estate   46    81    19    4    43    66 
Total commercial lending (d)   109    170    22    8    121    151 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   1,392    92        29    56    85 
 Residential real estate   280    40        13    27    40 
 Credit card   3,568    29        28        28 
 Other consumer   487    8            6    6 
Total consumer lending   5,727    169        70    89    159 
 Total TDRs   5,836  $ 339  $ 22  $ 78  $ 210  $ 310 
During the six months ended June 30, 2013                         
Dollars in millions                        
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial    79  $ 103  $ 4  $ 15  $ 53  $ 72 
 Commercial real estate    70    192    12    42    101    155 
 Equipment lease financing    1    3                 
Total commercial lending    150    298    16    57    154    227 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   2,123    160        82    61    143 
 Residential real estate   587    79        19    58    77 
 Credit card   4,663    35        33        33 
 Other consumer   918    15        1    13    14 
Total consumer lending   8,291    289        135    132    267 
 Total TDRs   8,441  $ 587  $ 16  $ 192  $ 286  $ 494 
(a)Impact of partial charge-offs at TDR date are included in this table.
(b)Represents the recorded investment of the loans as of the quarter end immediately preceding TDR designation, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(c)Represents the recorded investment of the TDRs as of the quarter and immediately following the TDR designation, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(d)During the six months ended June 30, 2014, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class.

TDRs may result in charge-offs and interest income not being recognized. The amount of principal balance charged off at or around the time of modification for the six months ended June 30, 2014 was not material. A financial effect of rate reduction TDRs is that interest income is not recognized for the difference between the original contractual interest rate terms and the restructured terms. Interest income not recognized that otherwise would have been earned in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, related to all commercial TDRs and consumer TDRs, was not material.

 

After a loan is determined to be a TDR, we continue to track its performance under its most recent restructured terms. In Table 67, we consider a TDR to have subsequently defaulted when it becomes 60 days past due after the most recent date the loan was restructured. The following table presents the recorded investment of loans that were classified as TDRs or were subsequently modified during each 12-month period prior to the reporting periods preceding April 1, 2014, January 1, 2014, April 1, 2013 and January 1, 2013, respectively, and subsequently defaulted during these reporting periods.

 

Table 67: TDRs that were Modified in the Past Twelve Months which have Subsequently Defaulted 
          
During the three months ended June 30, 2014       
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   23  $ 16 
 Commercial real estate   14    21 
Total commercial lending (a)   37    37 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   100    6 
 Residential real estate   51    11 
 Credit card   1,446    12 
 Other consumer    34     
Total consumer lending   1,631    29 
 Total TDRs   1,668  $ 66 
During the three months ended June 30, 2013        
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   11  $ 8 
 Commercial real estate   12    21 
Total commercial lending (a)   23    29 
Consumer lending (b)        
 Home equity    155    11 
 Residential real estate   67    9 
 Credit card   1,225    9 
 Other consumer    42    1 
Total consumer lending    1,489    30 
 Total TDRs   1,512  $ 59 
(a)During the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class that have subsequently defaulted.  
(b)In the second quarter of 2014, we corrected our Consumer lending subsequent default (excluding credit card) determination process by further refining the data. For the three months ended June 30, 2013, this correction removed 444 contracts for approximately $41 million from Total consumer lending (excluding credit card).  

Table 67: TDRs that were Modified in the Past Twelve Months which have Subsequently Defaulted (Continued)  
          
During the six months ended June 30, 2014       
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   33  $ 22 
 Commercial real estate   21    31 
Total commercial lending (a)   54    53 
Consumer lending (b)        
 Home equity    216    13 
 Residential real estate   76    14 
 Credit card   1,894    15 
 Other consumer    79    1 
Total consumer lending   2,265    43 
 Total TDRs   2,319  $ 96 
During the six months ended June 30, 2013        
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial    26  $ 18 
 Commercial real estate    18    31 
Total commercial lending (a)   44    49 
Consumer lending (b)        
 Home equity   300    21 
 Residential real estate  131    16 
 Credit card   2,373    18 
 Other consumer    92    2 
Total consumer lending    2,896    57 
 Total TDRs   2,940  $ 106 
(a)During the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class that have subsequently defaulted.
(b)In the second quarter of 2014, we corrected our Consumer lending subsequent default (excluding credit card) determination process by further refining the data. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, this correction removed 483 contracts for approximately $49 million from Total consumer lending (excluding credit card).

The impact to the ALLL for commercial lending TDRs is the effect of moving to the specific reserve methodology from the quantitative reserve methodology, described below, for those loans that were not already classified as nonaccrual. There is an impact to the ALLL as a result of the concession made, which generally results in a reduction of expected future cash flows. The decline in expected cash flows, consideration of collateral value, and/or the application of a present value discount rate, when compared to the recorded investment, results in a charge-off or increased ALLL. As TDRs are individually evaluated under the specific reserve methodology, which builds in expectations of future performance, generally subsequent defaults do not significantly impact the ALLL.

 

For consumer lending TDRs, except TDRs resulting from borrowers that have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC, the ALLL is calculated using a discounted cash flow model, which leverages subsequent default, prepayment, and severity rate assumptions based upon historically observed data. Similar to the commercial lending specific reserve methodology, the reduced expected cash flows resulting from the concessions granted impact the consumer lending ALLL. The decline in expected cash flows due to the application of a present value discount rate or the consideration of collateral value, when compared to the recorded investment, results in increased ALLL or a charge-off.

 

Impaired Loans

Impaired loans include commercial nonperforming loans and consumer and commercial TDRs, regardless of nonperforming status. TDRs that were previously recorded at amortized cost and are now classified and accounted for as held for sale are also included. Excluded from impaired loans are nonperforming leases, loans accounted for as held for sale other than the TDRs described in the preceding sentence, loans accounted for under the fair value option, smaller balance homogeneous type loans and purchased impaired loans. See Note 5 Purchased Loans for additional information. Nonperforming equipment lease financing loans of $4 million and $5 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, are excluded from impaired loans pursuant to authoritative lease accounting guidance. We did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans that have not returned to performing status, while they were impaired during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2013. The following table provides further detail on impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment and the associated ALLL. Certain commercial impaired loans and loans to consumers discharged from bankruptcy and not formally reaffirmed do not have a related ALLL as the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the recorded investment.

 

Table 68: Impaired Loans        
                    
      Unpaid         Average 
      Principal Recorded Associated  Recorded 
In millions Balance Investment (a) Allowance (b)   Investment (a) 
June 30, 2014               
 Impaired loans with an associated allowance               
  Commercial $490 $383  $78  $393 
  Commercial real estate  439  284   69   305 
  Home equity   990  974   309   986 
  Residential real estate  601  435   65   430 
  Credit card   145  145   31   156 
  Other consumer   66  49   2   53 
 Total impaired loans with an associated allowance $2,731 $2,270  $554  $2,323 
 Impaired loans without an associated allowance               
  Commercial $180 $140  $   $149 
  Commercial real estate  354  265       305 
  Home equity  388  135       129 
  Residential real estate   378  383       386 
 Total impaired loans without an associated allowance $1,300 $923  $   $969 
 Total impaired loans $4,031 $3,193  $554  $3,292 
December 31, 2013               
 Impaired loans with an associated allowance               
  Commercial $549 $400  $90  $442 
  Commercial real estate  517  349   89   478 
  Home equity  999  992   334   900 
  Residential real estate   573  436   74   645 
  Credit card   166  166   36   189 
  Other consumer   71  57   2   68 
 Total impaired loans with an associated allowance $2,875 $2,400  $625  $2,722 
 Impaired loans without an associated allowance               
  Commercial $309 $163  $   $161 
  Commercial real estate  421  315       354 
  Home equity  366  124       166 
  Residential real estate   415  386       267 
 Total impaired loans without an associated allowance $1,511 $988  $   $948 
 Total impaired loans  $4,386 $3,388  $625  $3,670 
(a)Recorded investment in a loan includes the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest and net accounting adjustments, less any charge-offs. Recorded investment does not
 include any associated valuation allowance. Average recorded investment is for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013, respectively. 
(b)Associated allowance amounts include $.4 billion and $.5 billion for TDRs at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.