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Fair Value
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Fair Value [Abstract]  
Fair Value

Note 9 Fair Value

 

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is defined in GAAP as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price that would be paid to transfer a liability on the measurement date. The standard focuses on the exit price in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. GAAP establishes a fair value reporting hierarchy to maximize the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value and defines the three levels of inputs as noted below.

 

Level 1

Fair value is determined using a quoted price in an active market for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities may include debt securities, equity securities and listed derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market and certain US Treasury securities that are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.

 

Level 2

Fair value is estimated using inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 assets and liabilities may include debt securities, equity securities and listed derivative contracts with quoted prices that are traded in markets that are not active, and certain debt and equity securities and over-the-counter derivative contracts whose fair value is determined using a pricing model without significant unobservable inputs. This category generally includes US government agency debt securities, agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed debt securities, asset-backed debt securities, corporate debt securities, residential mortgage loans held for sale, corporate trading loans and derivative contracts.

                     

Level 3

Fair value is estimated using unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities may include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing services, pricing models with internally developed assumptions, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. This category generally includes certain available for sale and trading securities, commercial mortgage loans held for sale, private equity investments, residential mortgage servicing rights, BlackRock Series C Preferred Stock and certain financial derivative contracts. The available for sale and trading securities within Level 3 include non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, auction rate securities, certain private-issuer asset-backed securities and corporate debt securities. Nonrecurring items, primarily certain nonaccrual and other loans held for sale, commercial mortgage servicing rights, equity investments and other assets are also included in this category.

 

We characterize active markets as those where transaction volumes are sufficient to provide objective pricing information, with reasonably narrow bid/ask spreads and where dealer quotes received do not vary widely and are based on current information. Inactive markets are typically characterized by low transaction volumes, price quotations that vary substantially among market participants or are not based on current information, wide bid/ask spreads, a significant increase in implied liquidity risk premiums, yields, or performance indicators for observed transactions or quoted prices compared to historical periods, a significant decline or absence of a market for new issuance, or any combination of the above factors. We also consider nonperformance risks including credit risk as part of our valuation methodology for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

 

Any models used to determine fair values or to validate dealer quotes based on the descriptions below are subject to review and independent testing as part of our model validation and internal control testing processes. Our Model Risk Management Committee reviews significant models on at least an annual basis. In addition, we have teams, independent of the traders, verify marks and assumptions used for valuations at each period end.

 

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value, by their nature, result in a higher degree of financial statement volatility. Assets and liabilities classified within Level 3 inherently require the use of various assumptions, estimates and judgments when measuring their fair value. As observable market activity is commonly not available to use when estimating the fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities, we must estimate fair value using various modeling techniques. These techniques include the use of a variety of inputs/assumptions including credit quality, liquidity, interest rates or other relevant inputs across the entire population of our Level 3 assets and liabilities. Changes in the significant underlying factors or assumptions (either an increase or a decrease) in any of these areas underlying our estimates may result in a significant increase/decrease in the Level 3 fair value measurement of a particular asset and/or liability from period to period.

 

Financial Instruments Accounted For at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

Securities Available for Sale and Trading Securities

Securities accounted for at fair value include both the available for sale and trading portfolios. We primarily use prices obtained from pricing services, dealer quotes, or recent trades to determine the fair value of securities. As of September 30, 2012, 81% of the positions in these portfolios were priced by using pricing services provided by third-party vendors. The third-party vendors use a variety of methods when pricing securities that incorporate relevant market data to arrive at an estimate of what a buyer in the marketplace would pay for a security under current market conditions. One of the vendor's prices are set with reference to market activity for highly liquid assets such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities and agency residential mortgage-backed securities, and matrix pricing for other asset classes, such as commercial mortgage and other asset-backed securities. Another vendor primarily uses discounted cash flow pricing models considering adjustments for spreads and prepayments for the instruments we value using this service, such as non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, agency adjustable rate mortgage securities, agency collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), commercial mortgage-backed securities and municipal bonds. The vendors we use provide pricing services on a global basis and have quality management processes in place to monitor the integrity of the valuation inputs and the prices provided to users, including procedures to consider and incorporate information received from pricing service users who may challenge a price. We monitor and validate the reliability of vendor pricing on an ongoing basis through pricing methodology reviews, by performing detailed reviews of the assumptions and inputs used by the vendor to price individual securities, and through price validation testing. Price validation testing is performed independent of the risk-taking function and involves corroborating the prices received from third-party vendors with prices from another third-party source, by reviewing valuations of comparable instruments, by comparison to internal valuations, or by reference to recent sales of similar securities. Securities not priced by one of our pricing vendors may be valued using a dealer quote. Dealer quotes received are typically non-binding. Securities priced using a dealer quote are subject to corroboration either with another dealer quote, by comparison to similar securities priced by either a third-party vendor or another dealer, or through internal valuation in order to validate that the quote is representative of the market. Security prices are also validated through actual cash settlement upon sale of a security.

 

A cross-functional team comprised of representatives from Asset & Liability Management, Finance, and Market Risk Management oversees the governance of the processes and methodologies used to estimate the fair value of securities and the price validation testing that is performed. This management team reviews pricing sources and trends and the results of validation testing.

 

Securities are classified within the fair value hierarchy after giving consideration to the activity level in the market for the security type and the observability of the inputs used to determine the fair value. When a quoted price in an active market exists for the identical security, this price is used to determine fair value and the security is classified within Level 1 of the hierarchy. Level 1 securities include certain U.S. Treasury securities and exchange traded equities. When a quoted price in an active market for the identical security is not available, fair value is estimated using either an alternative market approach, such as a recent trade or matrix pricing, or an income approach, such as a discounted cash flow pricing model. If the inputs to the valuation are based primarily on market observable information, then the security is classified within Level 2 of the hierarchy. Level 2 securities include agency debt securities, agency residential mortgage-backed securities, agency and non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities collateralized by non-mortgage-related consumer loans, municipal securities, and other debt securities. Level 2 securities are predominantly priced by third parties, either a pricing vendor or dealer.

 

In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around the inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Securities classified as Level 3 consist primarily of non-agency residential mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities collateralized by first- and second-lien residential mortgage loans. Fair value for these securities is primarily estimated using pricing obtained from third-party vendors. In some cases, fair value is estimated using a dealer quote, by reference to prices of securities of a similar vintage and collateral type or by reference to recent sales of similar securities. Market activity for these security types is limited with little price transparency. As a result, these securities are generally valued by the third-party vendor using a discounted cash flow approach that incorporates observable market activity where available. Significant inputs to the valuation include prepayment projections and credit loss assumptions (default rate and loss severity) and discount rates that are deemed representative of current market conditions. The discount rates used incorporate a spread over the benchmark curve that takes into consideration liquidity risk and potential credit risk not already included in the credit loss assumptions. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those assumptions in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Prepayment estimates generally increase when market interest rates decline and decrease when market interest rates rise. Credit loss estimates are driven by the ability of borrowers to pay their loans and housing market prices and are impacted by changes in overall macroeconomic conditions, typically increasing when economic conditions worsen and decreasing when conditions improve. An increase in the estimated prepayment rate typically results in a decrease in estimated credit losses and vice versa. Discount rates typically increase when market interest rates increase and/or credit and liquidity risks increase and decrease when market interest rates decline and/or credit and liquidity conditions improve. Price validation procedures are performed and the results are reviewed for these Level 3 securities by a cross-functional Asset & Liability Management, Finance, and Market Risk Management team. Specific price validation procedures performed for these securities include comparing current prices to historical pricing trends by collateral type and vintage, comparing prices by product type to indicative pricing grids published by market makers, and by obtaining corroborating dealer prices for a sample of securities.

 

Certain infrequently traded debt securities within the State and municipal and Other debt securities available-for-sale and Trading securities categories are also classified in Level 3. The significant unobservable inputs used to estimate the fair value of these securities include an estimate of expected credit losses and a discount for liquidity risk. These inputs are incorporated into the fair value measurement by either increasing the spread over the benchmark curve or by applying a credit and liquidity discount to the par value of the security. Significant increases (decreases) in credit and/or liquidity risk could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value estimate.

 

Financial Derivatives

Exchange-traded derivatives are valued using quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1. However, the majority of derivatives that we enter into are executed over-the-counter and are valued using internal models. These derivatives are primarily classified as Level 2 as the readily observable market inputs to these models are validated to external sources. The external sources for these inputs include industry pricing services, or are corroborated through recent trades, dealer quotes, yield curves, implied volatility or other market-related data. Level 2 financial derivatives are primarily estimated using a combination of Eurodollar future prices and observable benchmark interest rate swaps to construct projected discounted cash flows. Financial derivatives that are priced using significant management judgment or assumptions are classified as Level 3.

 

Fair value information for Level 3 financial derivatives is presented separately for interest rate contracts and other contracts. Interest rate contracts include residential and commercial mortgage interest rate lock commitments and certain interest rate options. Other contracts include risk participation agreements, certain equity options and other types of contracts.

 

Significant unobservable inputs for residential mortgage loan commitments include the probability of funding and embedded servicing. The fair value of residential mortgage loan commitments assets as of September 30, 2012 was $123 million. The probability of funding for residential mortgage loan commitments represents the expected proportion of loan commitments in the pipeline that will fund. Additionally, embedded in the market price of the underlying loan is a value for retaining servicing of the loan once it is sold. Significant increases (decreases) in the fair value of a residential mortgage loan commitment asset (liability) result when the probability of funding increases (decreases). Significant increases (decreases) in the fair value of a residential mortgage loan commitment result when the embedded servicing value increases (decreases).

 

The fair value of commercial mortgage loan commitments assets as of September 30, 2012 was $13 million compared to liabilities of $13 million which are included in the Insignificant Level 3 assets, net of liabilities line item in Table 95: Fair Value Measurement – Recurring Quantitative Information in this Note 9. Significant unobservable inputs for commercial mortgage loan commitments include spread over the benchmark curve U.S. Treasury interest rate and embedded servicing value. The spread over the benchmark curve reflects management assumptions regarding credit and liquidity risks. Embedded servicing value reflects the estimated value for retaining the right to service the underlying loan once it is sold. Significant increases (decreases) in the fair value of commercial mortgage loan commitments result when the spread over the benchmark curve decreases (increases) or the embedded servicing value increases (decreases).

 

The fair value of interest rate options assets as of September 30, 2012 was $4 million compared to liabilities of $3 million which are included in the Insignificant Level 3 assets, net of liabilities line item in Table 95: Fair Value Measurement – Recurring Quantitative Information in this Note 9. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the interest rate options is expected interest rate volatility. Significant increases (decreases) in interest rate volatility would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

 

The fair value of risk participation agreement assets as of September 30, 2012 was $7 million compared to liabilities of $6 million which are included in the Insignificant Level 3 assets, net of liabilities line item in Table 95: Fair Value Measurement – Recurring Quantitative Information in this Note 9. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of risk participation agreements are probability of default and loss severity. Significant increases (decreases) in probability of default and loss severity would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

 

The fair value of the other contracts liabilities as of September 30, 2012 was $77 million. The significant unobservable inputs for the other contracts for derivative liabilities include credit and liquidity discount and spread over the benchmark curve that are deemed representative of current market conditions. Significant increases (decreases) in these assumptions would result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

 

In connection with the sale of certain Visa Class B common shares, we entered into a swap agreement with the purchaser of the shares to account for future changes in the value of the Class B common shares resulting from changes in the settlement of certain specified litigation and its effect on the conversion rate of Class B common shares into Visa Class A common shares and to make payments calculated by reference to the market price of the Class A common shares. At September 30, 2012, the estimated fair value of the swap liability was $22 million and is classified as a Level 3 instrument and included in the Insignificant Level 3 assets, net of liabilities line item in Table 95: Fair Value Measurement – Recurring Quantitative Information in this Note 9.

 

The fair values of our derivatives are adjusted for nonperformance risk through the calculation of our Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA). Our CVA is computed using new loan pricing and considers externally available bond spreads, in conjunction with internal historical recovery observations.

 

Residential Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

We account for certain residential mortgage loans originated for sale on a recurring basis at fair value. We have elected to account for certain RBC Bank (USA) residential mortgage loans held for sale at fair value. The election of the fair value option aligns the accounting for the residential mortgages with related hedges.

 

Residential mortgage loans are valued based on quoted market prices, where available, prices for other traded mortgage loans with similar characteristics, and purchase commitments and bid information received from market participants. These loans are regularly traded in active markets and observable pricing information is available from market participants. The prices are adjusted as necessary to include the embedded servicing value in the loans and to take into consideration the specific characteristics of certain loans that are priced based on the pricing of similar loans. These adjustments represent unobservable inputs to the valuation but are not considered significant given the relative insensitivity of the value to changes in these inputs to the fair value of the loans. Accordingly, residential mortgage loans held for sale are classified as Level 2.

 

Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights

Residential mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. Assumptions incorporated into the residential MSRs valuation model reflect management's best estimate of factors that a market participant would use in valuing the residential MSRs. Although sales of residential MSRs do occur, residential MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices so the precise terms and conditions of sales are not available. As a benchmark for the reasonableness of its residential MSRs fair value, PNC obtains opinions of value from independent parties (“brokers”). These brokers provided a range (+/- 10 bps) based upon their own discounted cash flow calculations of our portfolio that reflect conditions in the secondary market, and any recently executed servicing transactions. PNC compares its internally-developed residential MSRs value to the ranges of values received from the brokers. If our residential MSRs fair value falls outside of the brokers' ranges, management will assess whether a valuation adjustment is warranted. For the periods presented, PNC's residential MSRs value did not fall outside of the brokers' ranges. We consider our residential MSRs value to represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, residential MSRs are classified as Level 3.

 

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of residential MSRs are constant prepayment rates and spread over the benchmark curve. Significant increases (decreases) in prepayment rates and spread over the benchmark curve would result in lower (higher) fair market value of residential MSRs.

 

Commercial Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

We account for certain commercial mortgage loans classified as held for sale at fair value. The election of the fair value option aligns the accounting for the commercial mortgages with related hedges.

 

We determine the fair value of commercial mortgage loans held for sale by using a discounted cash flow model. Fair value is determined using sale valuation assumptions that management believes a market participant would use in pricing the loans. When available, valuation assumptions include observable inputs based on the benchmark LIBOR interest rate swap curve and whole loan sales. The significant unobservable input is management's assumption of the spread applied to the benchmark rate. The spread over the benchmark curve includes management's assumptions of the impact of credit and liquidity risk. Significant increases (decreases) in the spread applied to the benchmark would result in a significantly lower (higher) asset value. The wide range of the spread over the benchmark curve is due to the varying risk and underlying property characteristics within our portfolio. Based on the significance of unobservable inputs, we classified this portfolio as Level 3.

 

Equity Investments

The valuation of direct and indirect private equity investments requires significant management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such investments. The carrying values of direct and affiliated partnership interests reflect the expected exit price and are based on various techniques including multiples of adjusted earnings of the entity, independent appraisals, anticipated financing and sale transactions with third parties, or the pricing used to value the entity in a recent financing transaction. A multiple of adjusted earnings calculation is the valuation technique utilized most frequently and the multiple of earnings is the primary and most significant unobservable input used in such calculation. The multiple of earnings is utilized in conjunction with portfolio company financial results and our ownership interest in portfolio company securities to determine PNC's interest in the enterprise value of the portfolio company. Significant decreases (increases) in the multiple of earnings could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The magnitude of the change in fair value is dependent on the significance of the change in the multiple of earnings and the significance of portfolio company adjusted earnings. Valuation inputs or analysis are supported by portfolio company or market documentation. Due to the size, private and unique nature of each portfolio company, lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of investments, relevant benchmarking is not always feasible. A Valuation Committee reviews the portfolio company valuations on a quarterly basis and oversight is provided by senior management of the business.

 

We value indirect investments in private equity funds based on net asset value as provided in the financial statements that we receive from their managers. Due to the time lag in our receipt of the financial information and based on a review of investments and valuation techniques applied, adjustments to the manager-provided value are made when available recent portfolio company information or market information indicates a significant change in value from that provided by the manager of the fund. These investments are classified as Level 3.

 

Customer Resale Agreements

We have elected to account for structured resale agreements, which are economically hedged using free-standing financial derivatives, at fair value. The fair value for structured resale agreements is determined using a model that includes observable market data such as interest rates as inputs. Readily observable market inputs to this model can be validated to external sources, including yield curves, implied volatility or other market-related data. These instruments are classified as Level 2.

 

Loans

Loans accounted for at fair value include residential mortgage loans held for sale that were subsequently reclassified to portfolio loans. These loans are transferred to portfolio loans if they are deemed unsaleable. These loans are valued similarly to residential mortgage loans held for sale and are classified as Level 2. This category also includes repurchased brokered home equity loans. These loans are repurchased due to a breach of representations or warranties in the loan sales agreements and occur typically after the loan is in default. The fair value price is based on bids and market observations of transactions of similar vintage. Because transaction details regarding the credit and underwriting quality are often unavailable, bid information from brokers and investors is heavily relied upon. Accordingly, these loans are classified as Level 3. The fair value of these loans as of September 30, 2012 was $7 million and is included in the Insignificant Level 3 assets, net of liabilities line item in Table 95: Fair Value Measurement – Recurring Quantitative Information in this Note 9. A significant input to the valuation includes a credit and liquidity discount that is deemed representative of current market conditions. Significant increases (decreases) in this assumption would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

 

BlackRock Series C Preferred Stock

We have elected to account for the shares of BlackRock Series C Preferred Stock received in a stock exchange with BlackRock at fair value. We own approximately 1.5 million of these shares after delivery of approximately 1.3 million shares in September 2011 pursuant to our obligation to partially fund a portion of certain BlackRock LTIP programs. The Series C Preferred Stock economically hedges the BlackRock LTIP liability that is accounted for as a derivative. The fair value of the Series C Preferred Stock is determined using a third-party modeling approach, which includes both observable and unobservable inputs. This approach considers expectations of a default/liquidation event and the use of liquidity discounts based on our inability to sell the security at a fair, open market price in a timely manner. Although dividends are equal to common shares and other preferred series, significant transfer restrictions exist on our Series C shares for any purpose other than to satisfy the LTIP obligation. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, this security is classified as Level 3. Significant increases (decreases) in the liquidity discount would result in a significantly lower (higher) asset value for the BlackRock Series C and vice versa for the BlackRock LTIP liability.

 

Other assets

We have entered into a prepaid forward contract with a financial institution to mitigate the risk of offsetting a portion of the Company's deferred compensation, supplemental incentive savings plan liabilities and certain stock based compensation awards that are based on the Company's stock price and are subject to market risk. The prepaid forward contract is initially valued at the transaction price and is subsequently valued by reference to the market price of the Company's stock in Other Assets at fair value. In addition, deferred compensation and supplemental incentive savings plan participants may also invest based on fixed income and equity-based funds. The Company utilizes a Rabbi Trust to hedge the returns by purchasing the same funds on which the participant returns are based. The Rabbi Trust balances are recorded in Other Assets at fair value using the quoted market price. These assets are primarily being classified in Levels 1 and 2. The asset category also includes FHLB interests and the retained interest only interests related to the Small Business Administration (SBA) securitizations which are classified as Level 3. All Level 3 other assets are included in the Insignificant Level 3 assets, net of liabilities line item in Table 95: Fair Value Measurement – Recurring Quantitative Information in this Note 9.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including instruments for which PNC has elected the fair value option, follow. 
                       
Table 93: Fair Value Measurements - Summary 
                       
      September 30, 2012  December 31, 2011 
            Total         Total 
In millionsLevel 1Level 2Level 3Fair Value  Level 1Level 2Level 3Fair Value 
Assets                  
 Securities available for sale                  
  US Treasury and government agencies$ 2,130$ 894  $ 3,024 $ 1,659$ 2,058  $ 3,717 
  Residential mortgage-backed                  
   Agency   27,930    27,930    26,792   26,792 
   Non-agency    $ 6,220  6,220     $5,557 5,557 
  Commercial mortgage-backed                  
   Agency   651    651    1,140   1,140 
   Non-agency   3,281    3,281    2,756   2,756 
  Asset-backed   4,825 714  5,539    2,882 787 3,669 
  State and municipal   1,708 341  2,049    1,471 336 1,807 
  Other debt   3,066 52  3,118    2,713 49 2,762 
   Total debt securities 2,130 42,355 7,327  51,812  1,659 39,812 6,729 48,200 
  Corporate stocks and other 305 16    321  368      368 
   Total securities available for sale 2,435 42,371 7,327  52,133  2,027 39,812 6,729 48,568 
 Financial derivatives (a) (b)                  
  Interest rate contracts 19 9,504 140  9,663    9,150 60 9,210 
  Other contracts   163 7  170    246 7 253 
   Total financial derivatives 19 9,667 147  9,833    9,396 67 9,463 
 Residential mortgage loans held for sale (c)   1,477    1,477    1,522   1,522 
 Trading securities (d)                  
  Debt (e) (f) 1,424 1,153 32  2,609  1,058 1,371 39  2,468 
  Equity 46 9   55  42 3    45 
   Total trading securities 1,470 1,162 32  2,664  1,100 1,374 39 2,513 
 Trading loans   22   22          
 Residential mortgage servicing rights (g)     594 594      647  647 
 Commercial mortgage loans held for sale (c)     811 811      843  843 
 Equity investments                   
  Direct investments     1,094  1,094      856  856 
  Indirect investments (h)     658 658      648  648 
   Total equity investments      1,752  1,752      1,504 1,504 
 Customer resale agreements (i)   462   462    732    732 
 Loans (j)   307 7 314    222 5  227 
 Other assets                   
  BlackRock Series C Preferred Stock (k)     210 210      210  210 
  Other  279 199 9 487    422 7  429 
   Total other assets 279 199 219 697    422 217  639 
  Total assets$ 4,203$ 55,667$ 10,889$ 70,759 $ 3,127$ 53,480$ 10,051$ 66,658 
Liabilities                  
 Financial derivatives (b) (l)                   
  Interest rate contracts$6$ 7,169$16$ 7,191   $ 7,065$ 6$ 7,071 
  BlackRock LTIP     210 210      210  210 
  Other contracts   191 104 295    233 92  325 
   Total financial derivatives  6  7,360 330  7,696    7,298  308 7,606 
 Trading securities sold short (m)                  
  Debt   688 15    703 $997 19    1,016 
   Total trading securities sold short  688 15    703  997 19   1,016 
 Other liabilities    2   2    3    3 
  Total liabilities$ 694$ 7,377$ 330$ 8,401 $ 997$ 7,320$ 308$ 8,625 
(a)Included in Other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.  
(b)Amounts at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are presented gross and are not reduced by the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements 
  that allow PNC to net positive and negative positions and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, 
  respectively, the net asset amounts were $2.8 billion and $2.4 billion and the net liability amounts were $.7 billion and $.7 billion.  
(c)Included in Loans held for sale on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. PNC has elected the fair value option for certain commercial and residential  
  mortgage loans held for sale. 
(d)Fair value includes net unrealized gains of $107 million at September 30, 2012 compared with net unrealized gains of $102 million at December 31, 2011. 
(e)Approximately 27% of these securities are residential mortgage-backed securities and 53% are US Treasury and government agencies securities at September 30, 2012.  
  Comparable amounts at December 31, 2011 were 57% and 34%, respectively.  
(f)At December 31, 2011, $1.1 billion of residential mortgage-backed agency securities with embedded derivatives were carried in Trading securities. At September 30, 2012, the balance was zero.  
(g)Included in Other intangible assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. 
(h)The indirect equity funds are not redeemable, but PNC receives distributions over the life of the partnership from liquidation of the underlying investments by the  
  investee, which we expect to occur over the next twelve years. The amount of unfunded contractual commitments related to indirect equity investments was $164 million  
  and related to direct equity investments was $37 million as of September 30, 2012, respectively.  
(i)Included in Federal funds sold and resale agreements on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. PNC has elected the fair value option for these items.  
(j)Included in Loans on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. 
(k)PNC has elected the fair value option for these shares. 
(l)Included in Other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.  
(m)Included in Other borrowed funds on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. 

Reconciliations of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for the three months and 
nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 follow. 
                                   
Table 94: Reconciliation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities 
                                   
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
                                   
                                Unrealized 
                                gains (losses) 
         Total realized / unrealized                  on assets and 
        gains or losses for the period (a)                 liabilities held on 
            Included                 Consolidated 
Level 3 Instruments Fair Value    in Other           Transfers Fair Value Balance Sheet 
 Only June 30, Included in comprehensive           into Sept. 30,at Sept. 30, 
In millions 2012 Earnings  incomePurchases Sales Issuances SettlementsLevel 3 (b)20122012 (c) 
Assets                              
 Securities available for                               
  sale                              
  Residential mortgage-                              
   backed non-agency $ 5,887 $ 26 $ 592          $ (285)   $ 6,220 $ (23) 
  Asset-backed   688   1   55            (30)     714   (1) 
  State and municipal   337      4                 341    
  Other debt   55       $ 5 $ (8)           52    
   Total securities                               
    available for sale   6,967   27   651   5   (8)      (315)     7,327   (24) 
 Financial derivatives   117   145               (115)     147   122 
 Trading securities - Debt   41   5               (14)     32    
 Residential mortgage                               
  servicing rights   581   (45)      70    $ 32   (44)     594   (44) 
 Commercial mortgage                               
  loans held for sale   837   (2)         (26)      2     811   (4) 
 Equity investments                               
  Direct investments   957   26      135   (24)           1,094   21 
  Indirect investments   677   8      12   (39)           658   8 
   Total equity                               
    investments   1,634   34      147   (63)           1,752   29 
 Loans   7         1         (1)     7    
 Other assets                               
  BlackRock Series C                               
   Preferred Stock   200   10                    210   10 
  Other    7                  $ 2   9    
   Total other assets   207   10                 2   219   10 
    Total assets $ 10,391 $ 174(e)$ 651 $ 223 $ (97) $ 32 $ (487)$ 2 $ 10,889 $ 89(f)
    Total liabilities (d) $ 289 $ 62(e)      $ 1    $ (22)   $ 330 $ 21(f)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
                                    
                                 Unrealized 
                                 gains (losses) 
         Total realized / unrealized                   on assets and 
        gains or losses for the period (a)                  liabilities held on 
            Included                  Consolidated 
Level 3 Instruments Fair Value    in Other            Transfers Fair Value Balance Sheet 
 Only June 30, Included in comprehensive            out of Sept. 30,at Sept. 30, 
In millions 2011 Earnings  incomePurchases Sales Issuances Settlements Level 3 (b) 20112011 (c) 
Assets                               
 Securities available for                                
  sale                               
  Residential mortgage-                               
   backed non-agency $ 6,454 $ (7) $ (183)          $ (276)    $ 5,988 $ (30) 
  Asset-backed   951   (2)   (8) $ 48         (93)      896   (5) 
  State and municipal   341                  (9)      332    
  Other debt   75      2   1          $ (26)   52    
   Total securities                                
    available for sale   7,821   (9)   (189)   49         (378)   (26)   7,268   (35) 
 Financial derivatives   60   89      1         (62)      88   84 
 Trading securities - Debt   56   1               (6)   (4)   47    
 Residential mortgage                                
  servicing rights   996   (298)          $ 24   (38)      684   (294) 
 Commercial mortgage                                
  loans held for sale   856   4               (29)      831   4 
 Equity investments                                
  Direct investments   849   39      40 $ (67)            861   29 
  Indirect investments   664   26      15   (46)            659   27 
   Total equity                                
    investments   1,513   65      55   (113)            1,520   56 
 Loans   4                        4    
 Other assets                                
  BlackRock Series C                                
   Preferred Stock   426   (80)               (172)      174   (80) 
  Other    8                  (1)      7    
   Total other assets   434   (80)               (173)      181   (80) 
    Total assets $ 11,740 $ (228)(e)$ (189) $ 105 $ (113) $ 24 $ (686) $ (30) $ 10,623 $ (265)(f)
    Total liabilities (d) $ 444 $ (86)(e)      $ 1    $ (167)    $ 192 $ (76)(f)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
                                       
                                    Unrealized 
                                    gains (losses) 
        Total realized / unrealized                     on assets and 
        gains or losses for the period (a)                     liabilities held on 
            Included                     Consolidated 
Level 3 InstrumentsFair Value    in Other            TransfersTransfersFair Value Balance Sheet  
 OnlyDec. 31, Included in comprehensive            intoout of Sept. 30,at Sept. 30, 
In millions2011 Earnings  incomePurchases Sales Issuances Settlements Level 3 (b)Level 3 (b)20122012 (c) 
Assets                                  
 Securities available for                                   
  sale                                  
  Residential mortgage-                                  
   backed non-agency $ 5,557 $ 38 $ 1,078 $ 49 $ (163)    $ (797) $ 458    $ 6,220 $ (86) 
  Commercial mortgage-                                  
   backed non-agency      2               (2)             
  Asset-backed   787   (6)   114      (87)      (94)         714   (9) 
  State and municipal   336      7            (2)         341    
  Other debt   49   (1)   1   14   (11)               52   (1) 
   Total securities                                   
    available for sale   6,729   33   1,200   63   (261)      (895)   458      7,327   (96) 
 Financial derivatives   67   339      4         (264)   3 $ (2)   147   291 
 Trading securities - Debt   39   8               (15)         32   3 
 Residential mortgage                                   
  servicing rights   647   (151)      134    $ 85   (121)         594   (140) 
 Commercial mortgage                                   
  loans held for sale   843   (4)         (30)      2         811   (7) 
 Equity investments                                   
  Direct investments   856   68      294   (124)               1,094   62 
  Indirect investments   648   76      42   (108)               658   73 
   Total equity                                   
    investments   1,504   144      336   (232)               1,752   135 
 Loans   5         3         (1)         7    
 Other assets                                   
  BlackRock Series C                                   
   Preferred Stock   210                           210    
  Other    7                     2      9    
   Total other assets   217                     2      219    
    Total assets $ 10,051 $ 369(e)$ 1,200 $ 540 $ (523) $ 85 $ (1,294) $ 463 $ (2) $ 10,889 $ 186(f)
    Total liabilities (d) $ 308 $ 83(e)      $ 2    $ (62) $ 1 $ (2) $ 330 $ 13(f)

                                   
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
                                   
                                Unrealized 
                                gains (losses) 
         Total realized / unrealized                  on assets and 
        gains or losses for the period (a)                 liabilities held on 
            Included                 Consolidated 
Level 3 Instruments Fair Value    in Other            TransfersFair Value Balance Sheet  
 Only Dec. 31, Included in comprehensive            out ofSept. 30,at Sept. 30, 
In millions 2010 Earnings  incomePurchases Sales Issuances Settlements Level 3 (b)20112011 (c) 
Assets                              
 Securities available for                               
  sale                              
  Residential mortgage-                              
   backed non-agency $ 7,233 $ (71) $ (1) $ 45 $ (280)    $ (938)   $ 5,988 $ (93) 
  Asset-backed   1,045   (5)   35   48         (227)     896   (14) 
  State and municipal   228      3   121         (20)     332    
  Other debt   73   (2)   6   3   (3)      1 $ (26)  52   (1) 
  Corporate stocks                               
   and other   4                  (4)         
   Total securities                               
    available for sale   8,583   (78)   43   217   (283)      (1,188)   (26)  7,268   (108) 
 Financial derivatives   77   195      4         (188)     88   153 
 Trading securities - Debt   69   (2)               (16)   (4)  47   (5) 
 Residential mortgage                               
  servicing rights   1,033   (369)      48    $ 94   (122)     684   (360) 
 Commercial mortgage                               
  loans held for sale   877   4         (13)      (37)     831   3 
 Equity investments                               
  Direct investments   749   73      142   (103)           861   60 
  Indirect investments   635   96      40   (112)           659   98 
   Total equity                               
    investments   1,384   169      182   (215)           1,520   158 
 Loans   2         2              4    
 Other assets                               
  BlackRock Series C                               
   Preferred Stock   396   (50)               (172)     174   (50) 
  Other    7         1         (1)     7    
   Total other assets   403   (50)      1         (173)     181   (50) 
    Total assets $ 12,428 $ (131)(e)$ 43 $ 454 $ (511) $ 94 $ (1,724) $ (30)$ 10,623 $ (209)(f)
    Total liabilities (d) $ 460 $ (36)(e)      $ 9    $ (241)   $ 192 $ (47)(f)
(a)Losses for assets are bracketed while losses for liabilities are not. 
(b)PNC's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the end of the reporting period. 
(c)The amount of the total gains or losses for the period included in earnings that is attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting period. 
(d)Financial derivatives. 
(e)Net gains (realized and unrealized) included in earnings relating to Level 3 assets and liabilities were $112 million for the third quarter of 2012, while for the first nine months
   of 2012 there were $286 million of net gains (realized and unrealized) included in earnings. The comparative amounts included net losses (realized and unrealized) of $142 million
   for third quarter 2011 and net losses (realized and unrealized) of $95 million for the first nine months of 2011. These amounts also included amortization and accretion of
   $51 million for the third quarter of 2012 and $137 million for the first nine months of 2012. The comparative amounts were $26 million for the third quarter of 2011 and $81
   million for the first nine months of 2011. The amortization and accretion amounts were included in Interest income on the Consolidated Income Statement, and the
   remaining net gains/(losses) (realized and unrealized) were included in Noninterest income on the Consolidated Income Statement.
(f)Net unrealized gains relating to those assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting period were $68 million for the third quarter of 2012, while for the first nine months
   of 2012 there were $173 million of net unrealized gains. The comparative amounts included net unrealized losses of $189 million for the third quarter of 2011 and
   net unrealized losses of $162 million for the first nine months of 2011. These amounts were included in Noninterest income on the Consolidated Income Statement.

An instrument's categorization within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. PNC reviews and updates fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. Changes from one quarter to the next related to the observability of inputs to a fair value measurement may result in a reclassification (transfer) of assets or liabilities between hierarchy levels. PNC's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the end of the reporting period. During the first nine months of 2012, there were transfers of assets and liabilities from Level 2 to Level 3 of $462 million consisting primarily of mortgage-backed securities as a result of a ratings downgrade which reduced the observability of valuation inputs. Also during the first nine months of 2012, $279 million of assets in the Rabbi Trust were classified as Level 1 based upon a refinement in our methodology. This reclassification has been reflected as if it were a transfer from Level 2 to Level 1. During the first nine months of 2011, there were no material transfers of assets or liabilities between the hierarchy levels.

Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs within Level 3 recurring assets and liabilities follows. 
                   
Table 95: Fair Value Measurement - Recurring Quantitative Information
                   
      Fair Value          
Level 3 Instruments Only Sept. 30         
Dollars in millions 2012 Valuation Techniques Unobservable InputsRange (Weighted Average)   
                   
 Residential mortgage-backed            
  non-agency  $ 6,220  Priced by a third-party vendor Constant prepayment rate (CPR)  1.0%-30.0% (5.0%)(a)  
          using a discounted cash flow Constant default rate (CDR)  0.0%-24.0% (7.0%)(a)  
          pricing model (a) Loss Severity  10.0%-92.0% (51.0%)(a)  
            Spread over the benchmark curve (b) 350bps weighted average(a)  
                   
 Asset-backed    714  Priced by a third-party vendor Constant prepayment rate (CPR)  1.0%-15.0% (3.0%)(a)  
         using a discounted cash flow Constant default rate (CDR)  1.0%-25.0% (9.0%)(a)  
          pricing model (a) Loss Severity  10.0%-100.0% (72.0%)(a)  
            Spread over the benchmark curve (b) 518bps weighted average(a)  
                   
 State and municipal   158  Discounted cash flow Spread over the benchmark curve (b) 110bps - 275bps (162bps)   
       183  Consensus pricing (c) Credit and Liquidity discount 0.0%-30.0% (9.0%)   
                 
 Other debt   52  Consensus pricing (c) Credit and Liquidity discount 7.0%-95.0% (86.0%)   
                  
 Residential mortgage loan              
  commitments   123  Discounted cash flow Probability of funding 5.0% - 99.0% (65.2%)   
            Embedded servicing value .4% - 1.2% (.8%)   
                   
 Trading securities - Debt    32  Consensus pricing (c) Credit and Liquidity discount 8.0%-40.0% (16.0%)   
                   
 Residential mortgage servicing rights   594  Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment rate (CPR) 3.9% - 57.8% (20.8%)   
         Spread over the benchmark curve (b) 939bps - 1,937bps (1,125 bps)   
                   
 Commercial mortgage loans held              
   for sale   811  Discounted cash flow Spread over the benchmark curve (b) 495bps - 3,320bps (962bps)   
                   
 Equity investments - Direct investments   1,094  Multiple of adjusted earnings Multiple of earnings 4.5 - 11.0 (6.5)   
 Equity investments - Indirect (d)   658  Net asset valueNet asset value     
                   
 BlackRock Series C Preferred Stock   210  Consensus pricing (c) Liquidity discount 22.5%   
                   
 BlackRock LTIP   (210)  Consensus pricing (c) Liquidity discount 22.5%   
                   
 Other derivative contracts   (77)  Discounted cash flow Credit and Liquidity discount 39.0% - 99.0% (48.0%)   
            Spread over the benchmark curve (b) 94bps   
                 
 Insignificant Level 3 assets, net of              
  liabilities (e)   (3)          
              
Total Level 3 assets, net of liabilities (f) $ 10,559           
(a)Level 3 residential mortgage-backed non-agency and asset-backed securities with fair values as of September 30, 2012 totaling $5,246 million and $686 million, respectively, were  
  priced by a third-party vendor using a discounted cash flow pricing model, that incorporates consensus pricing, where available. The significant unobservable inputs for   
  these securities were provided by the third-party vendor and are disclosed in the table. Our procedures to validate the prices provided by the third-party vendor related  
  to these securities are discussed further in the Fair Value Measurement section of this Note 9. Certain Level 3 residential mortgage-backed non-agency and asset-backed   
  securities with fair value as of September 30, 2012 of $974 million and $28 million, respectively, were valued using a pricing source, such as, a dealer quote or comparable security   
  price, for which the significant unobservable inputs used to determine the price were not reasonably available.   
(b)The assumed yield spread over the benchmark curve for each instrument is generally intended to incorporate non-interest-rate risks such as credit and liquidity risks.  
(c)Consensus pricing refers to fair value estimates that are generally internally developed using information such as dealer quotes or other third-party provided valuations or   
  comparable asset prices.   
(d)The range on these indirect equity investments has not been disclosed due to the diverse nature of the underlying investments.  
(e)Represents the aggregate amount of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that are individually and in the aggregate insignificant. The amount includes loans, and certain financial derivative assets and liabilities and other assets. 
(f)Consists of total Level 3 assets of $10,889 million and total Level 3 liabilities of $330 million. 

Other Financial Assets Accounted for at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We may be required to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets due to impairment.

 

Nonaccrual Loans

The amounts below for nonaccrual loans represent the fair value of loans which is primarily based on the appraised value of the collateral or LGD percentage. The LGD percentage is used to determine the weighted average loss severity of the nonaccrual loans.

 

As part of the appraisal process, persons ordering or reviewing appraisals are independent of the asset manager. Appraisals must be provided by licensed or certified appraisers and conform to the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. For loans secured by commercial properties where the underlying collateral is in excess of $250,000, appraisals are obtained at least annually. In certain instances (e.g., physical changes in the property), a more recent appraisal is obtained. Additionally, borrower ordered appraisals are not permitted, and PNC ordered appraisals are regularly reviewed. For loans secured by commercial properties where the underlying collateral is $250,000 and less, there is no requirement to obtain an appraisal. In instances where an appraisal is not obtained, the collateral value is determined consistent with external third-party appraisal standards, by an internal person independent of the asset manager. We have a real estate valuation services group whose sole function is to manage the real estate appraisal solicitation and evaluation process for commercial loans. All third-party appraisals are reviewed by this group, including consideration of comments/questions on the appraisal by the reviewer, customer relationship manager, credit officer, and underwriter. Upon resolving these comments/questions through discussions with the third-party appraiser, adjustments to the initial appraisal may occur and be incorporated into the final issued appraisal report.

 

If an appraisal is outdated due to changed project or market conditions, or if the net book value is utilized, management uses an LGD percentage which represents the exposure PNC expects to lose in the event a borrower defaults on an obligation. Accordingly, LGD which represents the loss severity is a function of collateral recovery rates and loan-to-value. Those rates are established based upon actual PNC loss experience and external market data. In instances where we have agreed to sell the property to a third party, the fair value is based on the contractual sales price adjusted for costs to sell. In these instances, the most significant unobservable input is the appraised value or the sales price. The estimated costs to sell are incremental direct costs to transact a sale such as broker commissions, legal, closing costs and title transfer fees. The costs must be essential to the sale and would not have been incurred if the decision to sell had not been made. The costs to sell are based on costs associated with our actual sales of commercial and residential OREO and foreclosed assets which are assessed annually.

Loans Held for Sale

The amounts below for loans held for sale include the carrying value of commercial mortgage loans which are intended to be sold with servicing retained. The fair value of the commercial mortgage loans is determined using discounted cash flows. Significant observable market data includes the applicable benchmark U.S. Treasury interest rates. These instruments are classified within Level 3. Significant unobservable inputs include a spread over the benchmark curve and the embedded servicing value. Significant increases (decreases) to the spread over the benchmark curve would result in a significantly lower (higher) carrying value of the assets. Significant increases (decreases) in the embedded servicing value would result in significantly higher (lower) carrying value.

 

Loans held for sale also includes syndicated commercial loan inventory. The fair value of the syndicated commercial loan inventory is primarily determined based on prices provided by a third-party vendor. The third-party vendor prices are based upon dealer quotes. These instruments are classified within Level 2.

 

Equity Investments

The amounts below for equity investments represent the carrying value of Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) investments held for sale calculated using a discounted cash flow model. The significant unobservable input is management's estimate of required market rate of return. The market rate of return is based on comparison to recent LIHTC sales in the market. Significant increases (decreases) in this input would result in a significantly lower (higher) carrying value of the investments.

 

Commercial Mortgage Servicing Rights

Commercial MSRs are periodically evaluated for impairment and the amounts below reflect an impairment of three strata at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. For purposes of impairment, the commercial MSRs are stratified based on asset type, which characterizes the predominant risk of the underlying financial asset. The fair value of commercial MSRs is estimated by using a discounted cash flow model incorporating unobservable inputs for assumptions as to constant prepayment rates, discount rates and other factors. Significant increases (decreases) in constant prepayment rates and discount rates would result in significantly lower (higher) commercial MSR value determined based on current market conditions and expectations.

 

OREO and Foreclosed Assets

The amounts below for OREO and foreclosed assets represent the carrying value of OREO and foreclosed assets for which valuation adjustments were recorded subsequent to the transfer to OREO and foreclosed assets. Valuation adjustments are based on the fair value less cost to sell of the property. Fair value is based on appraised value or sales price.

 

The appraisal process for OREO and foreclosed properties is the same as described above for nonaccrual loans. In instances where we have agreed to sell the property to a third party, the fair value is based on the contractual sale price adjusted for costs to sell. The significant unobservable inputs for OREO and foreclosed assets are the appraised value or the sales price. The estimated costs to sell are incremental direct costs to transact a sale such as broker commissions, legal, closing costs and title transfer fees. The costs must be essential to the sale and would not have been incurred if the decision to sell had not been made. The costs to sell are based on costs associated with our actual sales of commercial and residential OREO and foreclosed assets which are assessed annually.

 

Long-Lived Assets Held for Sale

The amounts below for Long-lived assets held for sale represent the carrying value of the asset for which valuation adjustments were recorded during the current year and subsequent to the transfer to Long-lived assets held for sale. Valuation adjustments are based on the fair value of the property less an estimated cost to sell. Fair value is determined either by a recent appraisal, recent sales offer or changes in market or property conditions. Appraisals are provided by licensed or certified appraisers. Where we have agreed to sell the property to a third party, the fair value is based on the contractual sale price. The significant unobservable inputs for Long-lived assets held for sale are the appraised value, the sales price or the changes in market or property conditions. Changes in market or property conditions are subjectively determined by management through observation of the physical condition of the property along with the condition of properties in the surrounding market place. The availability and recent sales of similar properties is also considered. The range of fair values can vary significantly as this category often includes smaller properties such as offsite ATM locations and smaller rural branches up to large commercial buildings, operation centers or urban branches.

Table 96: Fair Value Measurements - Nonrecurring (a)           
           
         Gains (Losses)   Gains (Losses)  
    Fair Value Three months ended  Nine months ended 
    September 30December 31September 30September 30 September 30September 30 
In millions 2012201120122011 20122011 
Assets               
 Nonaccrual loans $173$ 253$(8)$(50) $(52)$(104) 
 Loans held for sale   57  130 (4) (5)  (4) (5) 
 Equity investments      1   (1)    (1) 
 Commercial mortgage servicing rights   394  457 14 (82)  5 (157) 
 OREO and foreclosed assets  242  223 (30) (28)  (67) (59) 
 Long-lived assets held for sale  22  17 (4) (2)  (16) (4) 
  Total assets $888$ 1,081$(32)$(168) $(134)$(330) 
(a)All Level 3, except for $8 million included in Loans held for sale which is categorized as Level 2 as of September 30, 2012.  

Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs within Level 3 nonrecurring assets follows. 
              
Table 97: Fair Value Measurements - Nonrecurring Quantitative Information
              
    Fair Value        
Level 3 Instruments OnlySeptember 30,       
Dollars in millions2012 Valuation Techniques Unobservable InputsRange (Weighted Average)  
Assets          
             
 Nonaccrual loans (a)$ 45  Fair value of collateral Loss severity 1.8% - 98.3% (58.6%) 
              
 Loans held for sale  49  Discounted cash flow Spread over the benchmark curve (b) 25bps - 235bps (119bps) 
          Embedded servicing value .8% - 2.6% (1.7%) 
              
 Commercial mortgage   394  Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment rate (CPR) 5.3% - 20.6% (6.9%) 
  servicing rights      Discount rate 5.4% - 7.9% (7.6%) 
              
 Other (c)  392  Fair value of property or collateral Appraised value/sales price Not meaningful 
              
  Total Assets$ 880        
(a)The fair value of nonaccrual loans included in this line item is determined based on internal loss rates. Nonaccrual loans where the fair value is determined based on the appraised value or sales price is included within Other, below. 
(b)The assumed yield spread over benchmark curve for each instrument is generally intended to incorporate non-interest-rate risks such as credit and liquidity risks.
(c)Other includes nonaccrual loans of $128 million, OREO and foreclosed assets of $242 million and Long-lived assets held for sale of $22 million as of September 30, 2012. The fair value of these assets are determined based on appraised value or sales price, the range of which is not meaningful to disclose.  
              

Financial Assets Accounted For Under Fair Value Option

Refer to the Fair Value Measurement section of this Note 9 regarding the fair value of commercial mortgage loans held for sale, residential mortgage loans held for sale, certain portfolio loans, customer resale agreements, and BlackRock Series C Preferred Stock.

 

Commercial Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Interest income on these loans is recorded as earned and reported on the Consolidated Income Statement in Other interest income. The impact on earnings of offsetting economic hedges is not reflected in these amounts. Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk for both the first nine months of 2012 and 2011 were not material.

 

Residential Mortgage Loans Held for Sale and in Portfolio

Interest income on these loans is recorded as earned and reported on the Consolidated Income Statement in Other interest income. Throughout 2011 and the first nine months of 2012, certain residential mortgage loans for which we elected the fair value option were subsequently reclassified to portfolio loans. Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk for the first nine months of 2012 and 2011 were not material.

 

Customer Resale Agreements

Interest income on structured resale agreements is reported on the Consolidated Income Statement in Other interest income. Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk for both the first nine months of 2012 and 2011 were not material.

 

Residential Mortgage-Backed Agency Securities with Embedded Derivatives

Interest income on securities is reported on the Consolidated Income Statement in Interest income.

 

The changes in fair value included in Noninterest income for items for which we elected the fair value option follow.

Table 98: Fair Value Option - Changes in Fair Value (a)  
              
    Gains (Losses) Gains (Losses)  
   Three months ended Nine months ended 
    September 30September 30 September 30September 30 
In millions 20122011 20122011 
Assets           
 Customer resale agreements $(1)$1 $(7)$(6) 
 Residential mortgage-backed agency securities with embedded derivatives (b)    27  13 24 
 Commercial mortgage loans held for sale  (2) 4  (4) 3 
 Residential mortgage loans held for sale  147 77  (53) 185 
 Residential mortgage loans – portfolio  (8) (16)  (34) (14) 
 BlackRock Series C Preferred Stock  10 (80)    (50) 
(a)The impact on earnings of offsetting hedged items or hedging instruments is not reflected in these amounts. 
(b)These residential mortgage-backed agency securities with embedded derivatives were carried as Trading securities.  

Fair values and aggregate unpaid principal balances of items for which we elected the fair value option follow.
               
Table 99: Fair Value Option - Fair Value and Principal Balances 
               
         Aggregate Unpaid    
In millionsFair Value Principal Balance Difference 
September 30, 2012          
Customer resale agreements $462 $430 $ 32 
Trading loans  22  22    
Residential mortgage loans held for sale          
 Performing loans  1,430  1,361   69 
 Loans 90 days or more past due  31  37   (6) 
 Nonaccrual loans  16  34   (18) 
  Total  1,477  1,432   45 
Commercial mortgage loans held for sale (a)          
 Performing loans  805  940   (135) 
 Nonaccrual loans  6  12   (6) 
  Total  811  952   (141) 
Residential mortgage loans - portfolio          
 Performing loans  83  114   (31) 
 Loans 90 days or more past due (b)  169  194   (25) 
 Nonaccrual loans  62  195   (133) 
  Total $314 $503 $ (189) 
December 31, 2011          
Customer resale agreements $732 $686 $ 46 
Residential mortgage-backed agency securities with embedded derivatives (c)  1,058  864   194 
Residential mortgage loans held for sale          
 Performing loans  1,501  1,439   62 
 Loans 90 days or more past due  19  25   (6) 
 Nonaccrual loans  2  4   (2) 
  Total  1,522  1,468   54 
Commercial mortgage loans held for sale (a)          
 Performing loans  829  962   (133) 
 Nonaccrual loans  14  27   (13) 
  Total  843  989   (146) 
Residential mortgage loans - portfolio          
 Performing loans  74  97   (23) 
 Loans 90 days or more past due (b)  90  95   (5) 
 Nonaccrual loans  63  176   (113) 
  Total $227 $368 $(141) 
(a)There were no loans 90 days or more past due within this category at September 30, 2012 or December 31, 2011. 
(b)The majority of these loans are government insured loans, which positively impacts the fair value.  
(c)These residential mortgage-backed agency securities with embedded derivatives were carried as Trading securities. 

Table 100: Additional Fair Value Information Related to Financial Instruments   
                         
  September 30, 2012 December 31, 2011 
   CarryingFair Value  Carrying Fair 
In millions Amount Total  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Amount Value 
Assets                       
Cash and due from banks $4,284 $4,284 $4,284        $ 4,105 $ 4,105 
Short-term assets  5,219  5,219    $5,219       4,462   4,462 
Trading securities  2,664  2,664  1,470  1,162 $32    2,513   2,513 
Investment securities  62,814  63,365  2,713  53,299  7,353    60,634   61,018 
Trading loans  22  22     22           
Loans held for sale  2,737  2,742     1,477  1,265    2,936   2,939 
Net loans (excludes leases)  170,904  173,445     307  173,138    148,254   151,167 
Other assets  4,327  4,327     2,356  1,971    4,019   4,019 
Mortgage servicing rights  996  1,004        1,004    1,115   1,118 
Financial derivatives                       
 Designated as hedging instruments under GAAP  2,023  2,023     2,023       1,888   1,888 
 Not designated as hedging instruments under GAAP  7,810  7,810  19  7,644  147    7,575   7,575 
 Total Assets $263,800 $266,905 $8,486 $73,509 $184,910  $ 237,501 $ 240,804 
                        
Liabilities                       
Demand, savings and money market deposits $178,471 $178,471    $178,471     $ 156,335 $ 156,335 
Time deposits  27,792  28,109     28,109       31,632   31,882 
Borrowed funds  43,359  44,607 $688  42,882 $1,037    36,966   39,064 
Financial derivatives                       
 Designated as hedging instruments under GAAP  172  172     172       116   116 
 Not designated as hedging instruments under GAAP  7,524  7,524  6  7,188  330    7,490   7,490 
Unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit  220  220        220    223   223 
 Total Liabilities $257,538 $259,103 $694 $256,822 $1,587  $232,762 $235,110 

The aggregate fair values in the table above do not represent the total market value of PNC's assets and liabilities as the table excludes the following:

  • real and personal property,
  • lease financing,
  • loan customer relationships,
  • deposit customer intangibles,
  • retail branch networks,
  • fee-based businesses, such as asset management and brokerage, and
  • trademarks and brand names.

 

We used the following methods and assumptions to estimate fair value amounts for financial instruments.

 

General

For short-term financial instruments realizable in three months or less, the carrying amount reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheet approximates fair value. Unless otherwise stated, the rates used in discounted cash flow analyses are based on market yield curves.

 

Cash and due from banks

The carrying amounts reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheet for cash and due from banks approximate fair values. For purposes of this disclosure only, cash and due from banks includes the following:

  • due from banks, and
  • interest-earning deposits with banks.

    Cash and due from banks are classified as Level 1.

     

    Short-Term Assets

    The carrying amounts reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheet for short-term investments approximate fair values primarily due to their short-term nature. For purposes of this disclosure only, short-term assets include the following:

  • federal funds sold and resale agreements,
  • cash collateral,
  • customers' acceptances, and
  • accrued interest receivable.

Short-term assets are classified as Level 2.

 

Securities

Securities include both the investment securities (comprised of available for sale and held to maturity securities) and trading securities portfolios. We primarily use prices obtained from pricing services, dealer quotes or recent trades to determine the fair value of securities. As of September 30, 2012, 84% of the positions in these portfolios were priced by pricing services provided by third-party vendors. The third-party vendors use a variety of methods when pricing securities that incorporate relevant market data to arrive at an estimate of what a buyer in the marketplace would pay for a security under current market conditions. One of the vendor's prices are set with reference to market activity for highly liquid assets, such as U.S. Treasury and agency securities and agency mortgage-backed securities, and matrix pricing for other asset classes, such as commercial mortgage and other asset-backed securities. Another vendor primarily uses pricing models considering adjustments for ratings, spreads, matrix pricing and prepayments for the instruments we value using this service, such as non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, agency adjustable rate mortgage securities, agency CMOs, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and municipal bonds. Management uses various methods and techniques to validate prices obtained from pricing services and dealers, including reference to another third-party source, by reviewing valuations of comparable instruments, or by comparison to internal valuations.

 

Net Loans And Loans Held For Sale

Fair values are estimated based on the discounted value of expected net cash flows incorporating assumptions about prepayment rates, net credit losses and servicing fees. For purchased impaired loans, fair value is assumed to equal PNC's carrying value, which represents the present value of expected future principal and interest cash flows, as adjusted for any ALLL recorded for these loans. See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information. For revolving home equity loans and commercial credit lines, this fair value does not include any amount for new loans or the related fees that will be generated from the existing customer relationships. Nonaccrual loans are valued at their estimated recovery value. Also refer to the Fair Value Measurement and Fair Value Option sections of this Note 9 regarding the fair value of commercial and residential mortgage loans held for sale. Loans are presented net of the ALLL and do not include future accretable discounts related to purchased impaired loans.

 

Other Assets

Other assets as shown in the preceding table includes the following:

  • FHLB and FRB stock,
  • equity investments carried at cost and fair value, and
  • BlackRock Series C Preferred Stock.

 

Investments accounted for under the equity method, including our investment in BlackRock, are not included in the preceding table.

 

Refer to the Fair Value Measurement section of this Note 9 regarding the fair value of equity investments.

 

The aggregate carrying value of our investments that are carried at cost and FHLB and FRB stock was $1.9 billion at both September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, both of which approximate fair value at each date.

 

Mortgage Servicing Assets

Fair value is based on the present value of the estimated future cash flows, incorporating assumptions as to prepayment rates, discount rates, default rates, escrow balances, interest rates, cost to service and other factors.

 

The key valuation assumptions for commercial and residential mortgage loan servicing assets at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are included in Note 10 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.

 

Customer Resale Agreements

Refer to the Fair Value Measurement section of this Note 9 regarding the fair value of customer resale agreements.

 

Deposits

The carrying amounts of noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing demand, interest-bearing money market and savings deposits approximate fair values. For time deposits, which include foreign deposits, fair values are estimated based on the discounted value of expected net cash flows assuming current interest rates. All deposits are classified as Level 2.

 

Borrowed Funds

The carrying amounts of Federal funds purchased, commercial paper, repurchase agreements, trading securities sold short, cash collateral, other short-term borrowings, acceptances outstanding and accrued interest payable are considered to be their fair value because of their short-term nature. For all other borrowed funds, fair values are estimated using either prices obtained from third-party vendors or an internally developed discounted cash flow approach taking into consideration our current incremental borrowing rates for similar instruments.

 

Unfunded Loan Commitments And Letters Of Credit

The fair value of unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit is determined from a market participant's view including the impact of changes in interest rates, credit and other factors. Because our obligation on substantially all unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit varies with changes in interest rates, these instruments are subject to little fluctuation in fair value due to changes in interest rates. We establish a liability on these facilities related to their creditworthiness. These instruments are classified as Level 3.

 

Financial Derivatives

Refer to the Fair Value Measurement section of this Note 9 regarding the fair value of financial derivatives.