XML 94 R11.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT  v2.3.0.11
Asset Quality and Allowances for Loan and Lease Losses and Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters Of Credit
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Asset Quality [Abstract]  
Asset Quality and Allowances for Loan and Lease Losses and Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters Of Credit

Note 5 Asset Quality and Allowances for Loan and Lease Losses and Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters of Credit

 

Asset Quality

 

We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency rates are a key indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within the loan portfolios. The measurement of delinquency status is based on the contractual terms of each loan. Loans that are 30 days or more past due in terms of payment are considered delinquent. Loan delinquencies exclude loans held for sale and purchased impaired loans.

 

The level of nonperforming assets represents another key indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans, TDRs, and other real estate owned (OREO) and foreclosed assets, but exclude loans held for sale, purchased impaired loans and loans accounted for under the fair value option. See Note 6 Purchased Impaired Loans for further information.

 

See Note 1 Accounting Policies for additional delinquency, nonperforming, and charge-off information.

 

The following tables display the delinquency status of our loans and our nonperforming assets at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

 

 

Age Analysis of Past Due Accruing Loans 
                                   
    Accruing            
    Current or Less     90 Days              
    Than 30 Days 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Or More  Total Past  Nonperforming  Purchased  Total 
In millionsPast Due Past Due Past Due Past Due  Due (a)  Loans  Impaired  Loans 
June 30, 2011                               
 Commercial $57,140 $149  $75  $42  $266   $1,047  $167 $58,620 
 Commercial real estate  13,518  98   71   12   181    1,667   953  16,319 
 Equipment lease financing  6,163  9   2   1   12    35      6,210 
 Residential real estate (b)  8,493  324   187   2,071   2,582    666   3,241  14,982 
 Home equity   29,651  141   91   182   414    421   2,893  33,379 
 Credit card  3,639  39   23   45   107    8      3,754 
 Other consumer (c)  16,445  185   104   293   582    26   2  17,055 
  Total  $135,049 $945  $553  $2,646  $4,144   $3,870  $7,256 $150,319 
 Percentage of total loans  89.84% .63%  .37%  1.76%  2.76%   2.57%  4.83% 100.00%
December 31, 2010                               
 Commercial $ 53,273 $ 251  $ 92  $ 59  $ 402   $ 1,253  $ 249 $ 55,177 
 Commercial real estate   14,713   128    62    43    233     1,835    1,153   17,934 
 Equipment lease financing   6,276   37    2    1    40     77       6,393 
 Residential real estate (b)   9,150   331    225    2,121    2,677     818    3,354   15,999 
 Home equity    30,334   159    91    174    424     448    3,020   34,226 
 Credit card   3,765   46    32    77    155            3,920 
 Other consumer (c)   16,312   260    101    234    595     35    4   16,946 
  Total  $ 133,823 $ 1,212  $ 605  $ 2,709  $ 4,526   $ 4,466  $ 7,780 $ 150,595 
 Percentage of total loans  88.86% .81%  .40%  1.80%  3.01%   2.97%  5.16% 100.00%
(a)Past due loan amounts exclude purchased impaired loans as they are considered performing loans due to the accretion of interest income.
(b)Past due loan amounts at June 30, 2011, include government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages, totaling $.1 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $1.9 billion for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2010, include government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages, totaling $.1 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $2.0 billion for 90 days or more past due.
(c)Past due loan amounts at June 30, 2011, include government insured or guaranteed other consumer loans, totaling $.1 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $.3 billion for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2010, include government insured or guaranteed other consumer loans, totaling $.2 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $.2 billion for 90 days or more past due.

Nonperforming Assets
              
Dollars in millions June 30, 2011 December 31, 2010 
Nonperforming loans         
 Commercial  $ 1,047  $ 1,253 
 Commercial real estate    1,667    1,835 
 Equipment lease financing    35    77 
   TOTAL COMMERCIAL LENDING    2,749    3,165 
 Consumer (a)         
  Home equity    421    448 
  Residential real estate (b)    666    818 
  Credit card (c)    8     
  Other consumer    26    35 
   TOTAL CONSUMER LENDING    1,121    1,301 
Total nonperforming loans (d)    3,870    4,466 
OREO and foreclosed assets         
 Other real estate owned (OREO) (e)    546    589 
 Foreclosed and other assets    65    68 
   TOTAL FORECLOSED AND OTHER ASSETS    611    657 
Total nonperforming assets  $ 4,481  $ 5,123 
Nonperforming loans to total loans    2.57%   2.97%
Nonperforming assets to total loans, OREO and foreclosed assets    2.97    3.39 
Nonperforming assets to total assets    1.70    1.94 
(a)Excludes most consumer loans and lines of credit, not secured by residential real estate, which are charged off after 120 to 180 days past due and are not placed
  on nonperforming status.
(b)Effective in 2011, nonperforming residential real estate excludes loans of $85 million accounted for under the fair value option as of June 30, 2011. The comparable balance at December 31, 2010 was not material.
(c)Effective in the second quarter 2011, the commercial nonaccrual policy was applied to certain small business credit card balances. This change resulted in loans being placed on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days or more past due, rather than being excluded and charged off at 180 days past due.
(d)Nonperforming loans do not include purchased impaired loans or loans held for sale.
(e)Other real estate owned excludes $273 million and $178 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, related to serviced loans insured by the Federal
 Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

Nonperforming loans also include loans whose contractual terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, these loans are considered TDRs. See Note 1 Accounting Policies for additional information. TDRs typically result from our loss mitigation activities and could include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. We typically do not forgive principal for our TDRs, but in those situations where principal is forgiven, the entire amount of such principal forgiveness is immediately charged off to the extent it was not done so prior to modification. Government insured or guaranteed/held for sale loans, purchased impaired loans and loans accounted for under the fair value option are not classified as TDRs. Consumer loans modified in the second quarter of 2011 that are government insured or guaranteed/held for sale totaling $194 million are not classified as TDRs.

 

Total nonperforming loans in the table above include TDRs of $845 million at June 30, 2011 and $784 million at December 31, 2010. TDRs returned to performing (accrual) status totaled $752 million and $543 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and are excluded from nonperforming loans. These loans have demonstrated a period of at least six months of consecutive performance under the modified terms. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a commercial or consumer TDR were immaterial. The following table provides a summary of TDRs by segment and performing status.

 

Troubled Debt Restructurings By Type 
         
    June 30  Dec. 31  
In millions  2011  2010 
Total consumer lending$1,614 $1,422 
Total commercial lending 305  236 
 Total TDRs $1,919 $1,658 
Nonperforming status  $845 $784 
Accrual status   752  543 
Credit card (a)  322  331 
 Total TDRs $1,919 $1,658 
(a)Credit cards and certain consumer small business and other credit agreements whose terms have been modified primarily through interest rate reductions are also 
 classified as TDRs. However, these loans are excluded from nonperforming loans since our policy is to exempt these loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as  
 permitted by regulatory guidance. As such, generally under modified terms, these loans are directly charged off in the period that they become 120 to 180 days past due. 

Some loan modifications classified as TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as modified, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall ALLL estimate. The level of any re-defaults will likely be affected by future economic conditions. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR until it is ultimately repaid in full, or foreclosed and sold. We held specific reserves in the ALLL for the TDR portfolio of $577 million and $509 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.

 

Additional Asset Quality Indicators

We have two overall portfolio segments – Commercial Lending and Consumer Lending. Each of these two segments is comprised of one or more loan classes. Classes are characterized by similarities in initial measurement, risk attributes and the manner in which we monitor and assess credit risk. The commercial segment is comprised of the commercial, commercial real estate, equipment lease financing, and commercial purchased impaired loan classes. The consumer segment is comprised of the residential real estate, home equity, credit card, other consumer, and consumer purchased impaired loan classes. Asset quality indicators for each of these loan classes are discussed in more detail below.

 

Commercial Loan Class

For commercial loans, we monitor the performance of the borrower in a disciplined and regular manner based upon the level of credit risk inherent in the loan. To evaluate the level of credit risk, we assign an internal risk rating reflecting the borrower's PD and LGD. This two-dimensional credit risk rating methodology provides risk granularity in the monitoring process on an ongoing basis. We adjust our risk-rating process through updates based on actual experience. The combination of the PD and LGD ratings assigned to a commercial loan, capturing both the combination of expectations of default and loss severity, reflects the relative estimated likelihood of loss for that loan at the reporting date. Loans with low PD and LGD have the lowest likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with high PD and LGD have the highest likelihood of loss.

 

Based upon the amount of the lending arrangement and of the credit risk described above, we follow a formal schedule of periodic review. Generally, for higher risk loans this occurs on a quarterly basis, although we have established practices to review such credit risk more frequently, if circumstances warrant.

 

Commercial Real Estate Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD. However, due to the nature of the collateral, for commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgages, the LGDs tend to be significantly lower than those seen in the commercial class. Additionally, risks connected with commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities tend to be correlated to the loan structure and collateral location, project progress and business environment. As a result, these attributes are also monitored and utilized in assessing credit risk.

 

As with the commercial class, a formal schedule of periodic review is performed to assess geographic, product and loan type concentrations, in addition to industry risk and market and economic concerns. Often as a result of these overviews, more in-depth reviews and increased scrutiny is placed on areas of higher risk, adverse changes in risk ratings, deteriorating operating trends, and/or areas that concern management. The goal of these reviews is to assess risk and take actions to mitigate our exposure to such risks.

 

Equipment Lease Financing Loan Class

Similar to the other classes of loans within Commercial Lending, loans within the equipment lease financing class undergo a rigorous underwriting process. During this process, a PD and LGD are assigned based on the credit risk.

 

Based upon the dollar amount of the lease and of the level of credit risk, we follow a formal schedule of periodic review. Generally, this occurs on a quarterly basis, although we have established practices to review such credit risk more frequently, if circumstances warrant. Our review process entails analysis of the following factors: equipment value/residual value, exposure levels, jurisdiction risk, industry risk, guarantor requirements, and regulatory compliance.

 

Commercial Purchased Impaired Loans Class

The credit impacts of purchased impaired loans are primarily determined through the estimation of expected cash flows. Commercial cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include but are not limited to: changes in estimated collateral value, receipt of additional collateral, secondary trading prices, circumstances of possible and/or ongoing liquidation, capital availability, business operations and payment patterns.

 

We attempt to proactively manage these factors by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan. These procedures include a review by our Special Asset Committee (SAC), ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

See Note 6 Purchased Impaired Loans for additional information.

Commercial Lending Asset Quality Indicators  
        Criticized Commercial Loans   
      Pass  Special          Total 
In millions  Rated (a) Mention (b) Substandard (c) Doubtful (d)  Loans 
June 30, 2011                  
 Commercial $52,966 $1,771  $3,410  $306 $58,453 
 Commercial real estate  10,412  1,141   3,443   369  15,365 
 Equipment lease financing  5,969  101   120   20  6,210 
 Purchased impaired loans   98  79   747   197  1,121 
  Total commercial lending (e) $69,445 $3,092  $7,720  $892 $81,149 
December 31, 2010                  
 Commercial $48,556 $1,926  $3,883  $563 $54,928 
 Commercial real estate  11,014  1,289   3,914   564  16,781 
 Equipment lease financing  6,121  64   162   46  6,393 
 Purchased impaired loans   106  35   883   378  1,402 
  Total commercial lending (e) $65,797 $3,314  $8,842  $1,551 $79,504 
(a)Pass Rated loans include loans not classified as "Special Mention", "Substandard", or "Doubtful".
(b)Special Mention rated loans have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration
  of repayment prospects at some future date. These loans do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification at this time.
(c)Substandard rated loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility
  that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
(d)Doubtful rated loans possess all the inherent weaknesses of a Substandard loan with the additional characteristics that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full
  improbable due to existing facts, conditions, and values.
(e)Loans are included above based on their contractual terms as "Pass", "Special Mention", "Substandard" or "Doubtful".
                      

Residential Real Estate and Home Equity Loan Classes

We use several credit quality indicators, including credit scores, LTV ratios, delinquency rates, loan types and geography to monitor and manage credit risk within the residential real estate and home equity classes. We evaluate mortgage loan performance by source originators and loan servicers. A summary of asset quality indicators follows:

 

Credit Scores: We use a national third-party provider to update FICO credit scores for residential real estate and home equity loans on at least an annual basis. The updated scores are incorporated into a series of credit monitoring reports and the statistical models that estimate the individual loan risk values.

 

LTV: We regularly update the property values of real estate collateral and calculate a LTV ratio. This ratio updates our statistical models that estimate individual and class/segment level risk. The LTV ratio tends to indicate potential loss on a given loan and the borrower's likelihood to make payment according to the contractual obligations.

 

At least annually, we obtain updated property valuations on the real estate secured loans. For open credit lines secured by real estate or facilities in regions experiencing significant declines in property values, more frequent valuations may occur. The property values are monitored to determine LTV migration and those LTV migrations are stratified within various markets. We continue to enhance our capabilities in this area, which may result in more frequent valuations and analysis.

 

Delinquency Rates: We monitor levels of delinquency rates for residential real estate and home equity loans.

 

Geography: Geographic concentrations are monitored to evaluate and manage exposures. Loan purchase programs are sensitive to, and focused within, certain regions to manage geographic exposures and associated risks.

 

A combination of FICO scores, LTV ratios and geographic location assigned to residential real estate and home equity loans are used to estimate the likelihood of loss for that loan at the reporting date. Loans with higher FICO scores and lower LTVs tend to have the lower likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with lower FICO scores, higher LTVs, and in certain geographic locations tend to have a higher likelihood of loss. Certain geographic distribution information of our higher risk real estate secured portfolio is presented in the footnotes to the table below.

Consumer Higher Risk Real Estate Secured Asset Quality Indicators
                      
     Higher Risk Loans (a)  All Other Loans Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Loans
      % of Total    % of Total      
Dollars in millionsAmount Loans  Amount Loans    Amount 
June 30, 2011                  
 Home equity (b) $987  3%  $32,392  97%  $33,379 
 Residential real estate (c)  538  4%   14,444  96%   14,982 
  Total (d) $1,525  3%  $46,836  97%  $48,361 
December 31, 2010                  
 Home equity (b) $1,203  4%  $33,023  96%  $34,226 
 Residential real estate (c)  671  4%   15,328  96%   15,999 
  Total (d) $1,874  4%  $48,351  96%  $50,225 
(a)Higher risk loans are defined as loans with both a recent FICO credit score of less than or equal to 660 and a LTV ratio greater than or equal to 90%. Higher risk loans
 exclude loans held for sale and government insured or guaranteed loans.
(b)Within the higher risk home equity class at June 30, 2011, approximately 11% were in some stage of delinquency and 6% were in late stage (90+ days) delinquency status.
 The majority of the June 30, 2011 balance related to higher risk home equity loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Pennsylvania 30%, Ohio
 13%, New Jersey 11%, Illinois 7%, and Michigan 6%. All other states, none of which comprise more than 5%, make up the remainder of the balance.
 At December 31, 2010, approximately 10% were in some stage of delinquency and 6% were in late stage (90+ days) delinquency status. The majority of the December 31,
 2010 balance related to higher risk home equity loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Pennsylvania 28%, Ohio 13%, New Jersey 11%, Illinois
 7%, Michigan 6%, and Kentucky 5%. All other states, none of which comprise more than 4% make up the remainder of the balance.
(c)Within the higher risk residential real estate class at June 30, 2011, approximately 43% were in some stage of delinquency and 34% were in late stage (90+ days)
 delinquency status. The majority of the June 30, 2011 balance related to higher risk residential real estate loans is geographically distributed throughout the following
 areas: California 23%, Illinois 13%, Florida 11%, Ohio 5%, and Pennsylvania 5%. All other states, none of which comprise more than 4%, make up the remainder of
 the balance. At December 31, 2010, approximately 49% were in some stage of delinquency and 38% were in late stage (90+ days) delinquency status. The majority of the
 December 31, 2010 balance related to higher risk residential real estate loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: California 23%, Florida 11%,
 Illinois 11%, and Maryland 8%. All other states, none of which comprise more than 5%, make up the remainder of the balance.
(d)Total loans include purchased impaired loans of $6.1 billion at June 30, 2011 and $6.4 billion at December 31, 2010.

In addition to the higher risk asset quality indicators above, we regularly monitor the portions of the real estate secured portfolio where LTVs are greater than 100%. The following table presents these balances, as well as the percentage of the applicable home equity or residential real estate loan classes.

 

Consumer Real Estate Secured High LTVs 
           
     Loans with LTV > 100% 
      % of Total  
Dollars in millionsAmount Loan Class  
June 30, 2011       
 Home equity $262  1% 
 Residential real estate  1,066  7% 
  Total  $1,328  3% 
December 31, 2010       
 Home equity  $285  1% 
 Residential real estate   1,331  8% 
  Total  $1,616  3% 

Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes

We monitor a variety of asset quality information in the management of the credit card and other consumer loan classes. Other consumer loan classes include education, automobile, and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Along with the trending of delinquencies and losses for each class, FICO credit score updates are obtained at least annually, as well as a variety of credit bureau attributes.

 

The combination of FICO scores and delinquency status are used to estimate the likelihood of loss for consumer exposure at the reporting date. Loans with high FICO scores tend to have a lower likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with low FICO scores tend to have a higher likelihood of loss.

 

Consumer Purchased Impaired Loans Class

Estimates of the expected cash flows primarily determine the credit impacts of consumer purchased impaired loans. Consumer cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include, but are not limited to, estimated real estate values, payment patterns, FICO scores, economic environment, LTV ratios and the date of origination. These key factors are monitored regularly to help ensure that concentrations of risk are mitigated and cash flows are maximized.

 

See Note 6 Purchased Impaired Loans for additional information.

 

Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes Asset Quality Indicators
              
 Credit Card (a) Other Consumer (b) 
     % of Total Loans    % of Total Loans 
     Using FICO    Using FICO  
Dollars in millions Amount Credit Metric  Amount Credit Metric 
June 30, 2011            
 FICO score greater than 719$ 1,917  52% $ 4,806  62% 
 650 to 719  1,069  28    1,905  25  
 620 to 649  190  5    316  4  
 Less than 620  306  8    491  6  
 No FICO score available or required (c)  272  7    223  3  
Total loans using FICO credit metric  3,754  100%   7,741  100% 
 Other internal credit metrics (b)        9,314    
Total loan balance$ 3,754    $ 17,055    
Weighted average current FICO score (d)     720      732  
December 31, 2010            
 FICO score greater than 719$ 1,895  48% $ 4,135  58% 
 650 to 719  1,149  29    1,984  28  
 620 to 649  183  5    295  4  
 Less than 620  424  11    652  9  
 No FICO score available or required (c)  269  7    81  1  
Total loans using FICO credit metric  3,920  100%   7,147  100% 
 Other internal credit metrics (b)        9,799    
Total loan balance$ 3,920    $ 16,946    
Weighted average current FICO score (d)     709      713  
(a)At June 30, 2011, we had $46 million of credit card loans that are higher risk (i.e., loans with both FICO scores less than 660 and in late stage (90+ days) delinquency status).
 The majority of the June 30, 2011 balance related to higher risk credit card loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Ohio 23%, Michigan 18%,
 Pennsylvania 16%, Illinois 9%, and Indiana 8%. All other states, none of which comprise more than 6%, make up the remainder of the balance. At December 31, 2010,
  we had $70 million of credit card loans that are higher risk. The majority of the December 31, 2010 balance related to higher risk credit card loans is geographically
 distributed throughout the following areas: Ohio 20%, Michigan 14%, Pennsylvania 14%, Illinois 8%, and Indiana 7%. All other states, none of which comprise
 more than 5%, make up the remainder of the balance.  
(b)Other consumer loans for which FICO scores are used as an asset quality indicator include non-government guaranteed or insured education loans, automobile loans
 and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Other consumer loans for which other internal credit metrics are used as an asset quality indicator include primarily
 government guaranteed or insured education loans, as well as consumer loans to high net worth individuals. Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status,
 geography or other factors.            
(c)Credit card loans with no FICO score available or required refers to new accounts issued to borrowers with limited credit history, accounts for which we cannot obtain an
 updated FICO (e.g., recent profile changes), cards issued with a business name, and/or cards secured by collateral. Management proactively assesses the risk and size
 of this loan portfolio and, when necessary, takes actions to mitigate the credit risk.
(d)Weighted average current FICO score excludes accounts with no FICO score available or required.

Allowances for Loan and Lease Losses and Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters of Credit

 

We maintain the ALLL and the Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters of Credit at levels that we believe to be appropriate to absorb estimated probable credit losses incurred in the portfolios as of the balance sheet date. We use the two main portfolio segments – Commercial Lending and Consumer Lending – and we develop and document the ALLL under separate methodologies for each of these segments as further discussed and presented below.

 

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Components

For all loans, except purchased impaired loans, the ALLL is the sum of three components: (1) asset specific/individual impaired reserves, (2) quantitative (formulaic or pooled) reserves, and (3) qualitative (judgmental) reserves. See Note 6 Purchased Impaired Loans for additional ALLL information. While we make allocations to specific loans and pools of loans, the total reserve is available for all loan and lease losses. Although quantitative modeling factors as discussed below are constantly changing as the financial strength of the borrower and overall economic conditions change, there were no significant changes to our ALLL methodology during the first six months of 2011.

 

Asset Specific/Individual Component

Commercial nonperforming loans and all TDRs are considered impaired and are allocated a specific reserve. See Note 1 Accounting Policies for additional information.

 

Commercial Lending Quantitative Component

The estimates of the quantitative component of ALLL for incurred losses within the commercial lending portfolio segment are determined through a statistical loss model utilizing PD, LGD, and EAD. Based upon loan risk ratings we assign PDs and LGDs. Each of these statistical parameters is determined based on historical data and observable factors including those pertaining to specific borrowers that have proven to be statistically significant in the estimation of incurred losses. PD is influenced by such factors as liquidity, industry, obligor financial structure, access to capital, and cash flow. LGD is influenced by collateral type, LTV, and guarantees by related parties.

 

Consumer Lending Quantitative Component

Quantitative estimates within the consumer lending portfolio segment are calculated using a roll-rate model based on statistical relationships, calculated from historical data that estimate the movement of loan outstandings through the various stages of delinquency and ultimately charge-off. In general, the estimated rates at which loan outstandings roll from one stage of delinquency to another are dependent on various factors such as FICO scores, LTV ratios, the current economic environment, and geography.

 

Qualitative Component

While our quantitative reserve methodologies strive to reflect all risk factors, there continues to be a certain element of uncertainty associated with, but not limited to, potential imprecision in the estimation process due to the inherent time lag of obtaining information and normal variations between estimates and actual outcomes. We adjust the ALLL in consideration of these factors. The ALLL also includes factors that may not be directly measured in the determination of asset specific or quantitative reserves. Such qualitative factors include:

  • Credit quality trends;
  • Loss experience in particular portfolios;
  • Macro economic factors; and
  • Changes in risk selection and underwriting standards.

 

Rollforward of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Associated Loan Data
      
      Commercial Consumer     
In millions Lending Lending  Total  
June 30, 2011           
 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES           
  January 1 $2,567 $2,320 $4,887  
  Charge-offs  (671)  (587)  (1,258)  
  Recoveries  242  69  311  
   Net charge-offs  (429)  (518)  (947)  
  Provision for credit losses  242  459  701  
  Net change in allowance for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit  11  (25)  (14)  
   June 30 $2,391 $2,236 $4,627  
  TDRs individually evaluated for impairment $27 $550 $577  
  Other loans individually evaluated for impairment  705     705  
  Loans collectively evaluated for impairment  1,382  1,014  2,396  
  Purchased impaired loans  277  672  949  
   June 30 $2,391 $2,236 $4,627  
 LOAN PORTFOLIO           
  TDRs individually evaluated for impairment $305 $1,614 $1,919  
  Other loans individually evaluated for impairment  2,445     2,445  
  Loans collectively evaluated for impairment  77,279  61,420  138,699  
  Purchased impaired loans  1,120  6,136  7,256  
   June 30 $81,149 $69,170 $150,319  
 Segment ALLL as a percentage of total ALLL  51.67% 48.33% 100.00% 
 Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans   2.95%  3.23%  3.08% 
June 30, 2010           
 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES           
  January 1 $3,345 $1,727 $5,072  
  Charge-offs  (1,052)  (760)  (1,812)  
  Recoveries  211  70  281  
   Net charge-offs  (841)  (690)  (1,531)  
  Provision for credit losses  665  909  1,574  
  Adoption of ASU 2009-17, Consolidations     141  141  
  Other   2     2  
  Net change in allowance for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit  78     78  
   June 30 $3,249 $2,087 $5,336  
  TDRs individually evaluated for impairment $14 $145 $159  
  Other loans individually evaluated for impairment  987     987  
  Loans collectively evaluated for impairment  1,903  1,428  3,331  
  Purchased impaired loans  345  514  859  
   June 30 $3,249 $2,087 $5,336  
 LOAN PORTFOLIO           
  TDRs individually evaluated for impairment $54 $775 $829  
  Other loans individually evaluated for impairment  3,736     3,736  
  Loans collectively evaluated for impairment  75,831  64,819  140,650  
  Purchased impaired loans  1,605  7,522  9,127  
   June 30 $81,226 $73,116 $154,342  
 Segment ALLL as a percentage of total ALLL  60.89% 39.11% 100.00% 
 Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans   4.00%  2.85%  3.46% 

Originated Impaired Loans

Originated impaired loans include commercial nonperforming loans and certain consumer, residential, and commercial loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR, regardless of nonperforming status. Nonperforming leases, loans held for sale, smaller balance homogeneous type loans, as well as purchased impaired loans are excluded. See Note 6 Purchased Impaired Loans for additional information. Nonperforming equipment lease financing loans of $35 million and $77 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, are excluded from originated impaired loans pursuant to authoritative lease accounting guidance. We did not recognize any interest income on originated impaired loans, including TDRs that have not returned to performing status, while they were impaired during the six months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010. The following table provides further detail on originated impaired loans individually evaluated for reserves and the associated ALLL. Certain commercial impaired loans do not have a related allowance as the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the recorded investment.

Originated Impaired Loans 
                    
      Unpaid         Average 
      Principal Recorded Associated  Recorded 
In millions Balance Investment (a) Allowance (b)   Investment (a) 
June 30, 2011               
 Impaired loans with an associated allowance               
  Commercial $1,309 $925  $317  $1,079 
  Commercial real estate  1,698  1,224   415   1,386 
  Residential real estate  630  570   202   540 
  Home equity  751  716   267   670 
  Credit card  289  289   75   292 
  Other consumer  39  39   6   35 
 Total impaired loans with an associated allowance $4,716 $3,763  $1,282  $4,002 
 Impaired loans without an associated allowance               
  Commercial $238 $121      $89 
  Commercial real estate  668  480       428 
 Total impaired loans without an associated allowance $906 $601      $517 
 Total impaired loans $5,622 $4,364  $1,282  $4,519 
December 31, 2010               
 Impaired loans with an associated allowance               
  Commercial $1,769 $1,178  $410  $1,533 
  Commercial real estate  1,927  1,446   449   1,732 
  Residential real estate  521  465   122   309 
  Home equity  622  622   207   448 
  Credit card  301  301   149   275 
  Other consumer  34  34   7   30 
 Total impaired loans with an associated allowance $5,174 $4,046  $1,344  $4,327 
 Impaired loans without an associated allowance               
  Commercial $87 $75      $90 
  Commercial real estate  525  389       320 
 Total impaired loans without an associated allowance $612 $464      $410 
 Total impaired loans  $5,786 $4,510  $1,344  $4,737 
(a)Recorded investment in a loan includes the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest and net accounting adjustments, less any charge-offs. Recorded investment does not
  include any associated valuation allowance. Average recorded investment is for the six months ended June 30, 2011, and year ended December 31, 2010. 
(b)Associated allowance amounts include $577 million and $509 million for TDRs at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.

Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters of Credit

We maintain the allowance for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit at a level we believe is appropriate to absorb estimated probable losses on these unfunded credit facilities. See Note 1 Accounting Policies for additional information.

 

Rollforward of Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters of Credit
         
In millions  2011  2010 
         
January 1 $ 188 $ 296 
Net change in allowance for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit   14   (78) 
 June 30 $ 202 $ 218