Premises, equipment and leasehold improvements, stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, were as follows:

Table 74: Premises, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements


In millions	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Premises, equipment and leasehold improvements	$	19,403	$	18,358
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(10,731)		(9,841)
Net book value	$	8,672	$	8,517

Depreciation expense on premises, equipment and leasehold improvements, as well as amortization expense, excluding intangible assets, primarily for capitalized internally developed software are shown in the following table:

Table 75: Depreciation and Amortization Expense (a)


Year ended December 31
In millions	2024		2023		2022
Depreciation	$	912	$	900	$	899
Amortization	139		138		130
Total depreciation and amortization	$	1,051	$	1,038	$	1,029

(a)Included in Occupancy and Equipment expense on the Consolidated Income Statement.