(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

DNB Financial Corporation (the “Corporation” or “DNB”) through its wholly owned subsidiary, DNB First, National Association (the “Bank”), formerly Downingtown National Bank, has been serving individuals and small to medium sized businesses of southeastern Pennsylvania since 1860. DNB Capital Trust I and II are special purpose Delaware business trusts, which are not consolidated as they are considered variable interest entities and the Corporation is not the primary beneficiary (see additional discussion in Junior Subordinated Debentures — Note 9). The Bank is a locally managed commercial bank providing personal and commercial loans and deposit products, in addition to investment and trust services from fifteen community offices. The Bank encounters vigorous competition for market share from commercial banks, thrift institutions, credit unions and other financial intermediaries.

The consolidated financial statements of DNB and its subsidiary, the Bank, which together are managed as a single operating segment ("Community Banking"), are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles applicable to the banking industry.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Amounts subject to significant estimates are items such as the allowance for credit losses and lending related commitments, the fair value of repossessed assets, pension and post-retirement obligations, the fair value of financial instruments, other-than-temporary impairments of investment securities, the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, and the valuations of goodwill for impairment. Among other effects, such changes could result in future impairments of investment securities, and establishment of allowances for credit losses and lending related commitments as well as increased benefit plans’ expenses.

Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to prior years’ balances to conform to the classifications used in 2018. These reclassifications had no impact on DNB’s consolidated financial position, results of income or net change in cash and cash equivalents. The 2017 statement of cash flows includes the presentation of $542,000 as non-cash funding of retirement plans, included in net cash provided by operating activities. This amount was previously reported as sale of treasury stock, included in net cash provided by financing activities, in the 2017 financial statements.

Accounting Developments Affecting DNB In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, ‘‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).’’ The updated standard is a new comprehensive revenue recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner that depicts the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. During 2016 and 2017, the FASB issued ASU Nos. 2016-10, 2016-12, 2016-20, and 2017-13 that provides additional guidance related to the identification of performance obligations within a contract, assessing collectability, contract costs, and other technical corrections and improvements.

DNB adopted the new standards effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. A significant majority of DNB’s revenues are explicitly excluded from the scope of the new guidance including interest, dividend income, BOLI, gain/loss on sale of loans and investments on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not require a cumulative adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 and does not have a material impact on DNB’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, Comprehensive Income, Stockholders’ Equity or Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2018. Non-interest income components in the scope of Topic 606 continue to be recognized when DNB’s performance obligations are complete or at the time of sale after a customer’s transaction posts in the account. Disclosures required for DNB’s revenue streams in the scope of ASU 2014-09 are included in Non-Interest Income in the following table.


	Year Ended
	December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017
Non-interest Income:
Service charges:
Non-sufficient funds charges	$	605	$	696
Business analysis charges		180		175
Cycle charges		90		92
Lockbox fees		57		59
Stop payment fees		18		19
Wire transfer fees		89		87
Other service charges		80		95
Total service charges		1,119		1,223
Wealth management:
DNB Investments & Insurance		545		506
DNB First Investment Management & Trust		1,410		1,207
Total wealth management		1,955		1,713
Other fee income:
Cardholder interchange fees		1,047		989
Safe deposit box		97		99
Check printing		65		70
Merchant card processing		177		189
ATM surcharges for non-DNB customers		74		81
Other fee income		52		100
Total other fee income		1,512		1,528
Total revenue from contracts with customers		4,586		4,464
Total revenue not within the scope of ASC 606		659		954
Total non-interest income	$	5,245	$	5,418

Service charges on deposit accounts are recorded monthly when DNB’s performance obligations are complete. Deposit balances are disclosed in the Consolidated Statement of Condition. For transaction-based service charges such as non-sufficient funds charges, wire transfer fees, stop payment fees, ATM fees, and other transaction-based fees, revenue is recognized at the time of sale after the transaction posts in the customer’s account.

Wealth management revenue includes non-deposit products and services offered under the names “DNB Investment & Insurance” and “DNB First Investment Management & Trust”.

Through a third-party marketing agreement with Cetera Investment Services, LLC (“Cetera”), DNB Investment & Insurance offers a complete line of investment and insurance products. DNB’s performance obligation as an agent is to arrange for the sale of products by Cetera. Monthly, DNB recognizes commission fees in the amounts to which it is entitled in accordance with the terms of the marketing agreement for products sold. Shortly after a sale, the product provider remits the commission payment through Cetera to the Company, and the Company recognizes the revenue.

DNB First Investment Management & Trust offers a full line of investment and fiduciary services. DNB’s performance obligation is to manage investments, estates and trusts. Investment management and trust income is primarily comprised of fees earned from the management and administration of trusts, estates and investment agency portfolios. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time and the resulting fees are recognized quarterly, based upon the quarter-end market value of the assets under management and the applicable fee rate. Payment is generally received a few days after quarter end through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. While managing estates and trusts, DNB contracts with a third-party tax preparation service. For tax preparation services, DNB’s obligation as an agent is to arrange for the performance of services by the third party. As tax services are rendered, DNB records revenue net of the cost of the services.

Cardholder interchange fees consist of revenue DNB is entitled per agreements with third party debit and credit card providers. DNB’s performance obligation as an agent is to arrange for cardholder services with its customers in accordance with fees and terms offered by the third-party service providers. Based on cardholder transactions reported by third party service providers, DNB recognizes fees for the amount it is contractually entitled.

DNB also contracts with third party providers for check printing, merchant card services, and ATM services. DNB’s performance obligation as an agent is to arrange for the services with its customers in accordance with fees and terms offered by the third-party service providers. Monthly, DNB recognizes fees for the amount it is contractually entitled.

DNB adopted ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805), in 2016: Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement Period Adjustments on a prospective basis. This amendment eliminates the requirement to account for adjustments to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination retrospectively. Instead, the acquirer will recognize the adjustments to provisional amounts during the period in which the adjustments are determined, including the effect on earnings of any amounts the acquirer would have recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. DNB evaluated the impact of this guidance and it does not have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10) – Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The guidance addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. In particular, the guidance revises an entity’s accounting related to (1) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (2) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The guidance also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with fair value of financial instruments. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities should apply the amendments by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. As of January 1, 2018, DNB did not hold any equity investments (excluding restricted investments in bank stocks). DNB does not expect to make significant purchases of equity investments; therefore, the adoption of this ASU is not material to DNB's consolidated financial statements. Adoption of the standard on January 1, 2018 also resulted in the use of an exit price rather than an entrance price to determine the fair value of loans not measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. DNB has determined that upon the adoption of ASU 2016-02 we will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability based on the then present value of such obligation. DNB expects that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in the recognition of lease liabilities and right-of-use asset totaling approximately $1.5 million. DNB does not expect that the adoption of the new standard will have a material impact on its Consolidated Statements of Income. Update 2018-11 - Leases (topic 842): Targeted Improvements provided an additional/optional transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Prior to this ASU issuance, a modified retrospective transition approach was required. The adoption of this ASU will not materially impact our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity. Update 2018-20 - Leases (topic 842): Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors was released to better clarify the treatment of sales taxes and other similar taxes related to Lessor and Lessees costs and payments. The amendments in this update permit lessors, as an accounting policy election, to not evaluate whether certain sales taxes and other similar taxes are lessor costs or lessee costs. Instead, those lessors will account for those costs as if they are lessee costs. Also, certain lessor costs require lessors to exclude from variable payments, and therefore revenue, lessor costs paid by lessees directly to third parties. DNB’s lessor income is immaterial; as such, this ASU will not materially impact our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition or Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. DNB did not adopt the use-of-hindsight practical expedient.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," (ASU 2016-13), which addresses concerns regarding the perceived delay in recognition of credit losses under the existing incurred loss model. The amendment introduces a new, single model for recognizing credit losses on all financial instruments presented on cost basis. Under the new model, entities must estimate current expected credit losses by considering all available relevant information, including historical and current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events. The update also requires additional qualitative and quantitative information to allow users to better understand the credit risk within the portfolio and the methodologies for determining allowance. ASU 2016-13 is effective for DNB on January 1, 2020 and must be applied using the modified retrospective approach with limited exceptions. Early adoption is permitted. Although early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, DNB does not plan to early adopt. DNB has established a CECL Implementation Team to assess the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. DNB has been preserving certain historical loan information from its core processing system in anticipation of adopting the standard and will be evaluating control and process framework, data, model, and resource requirements and areas where modifications will be required. DNB has selected a third party vendor to process and review various calculation methodologies and the approximate impact on DNB’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The team continues to assess the impact of the standard; however, DNB expects adopting this ASU will result in an increase in its allowance for credit losses. The amount of the increase in the allowance for credit losses upon adoption will be dependent upon the characteristics of the portfolio at the adoption date, as well as macroeconomic conditions and forecasts at that date. A cumulative effect adjustment will be made to retained earnings for the impact of the standard at the beginning of the period the standard is adopted.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). The amendments in this update provide guidance for eight specific cash flow classification issues for which current guidance is unclear or does not exist, thereby reducing diversity in practice. For public companies, the update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Accordingly, effective January 1, 2018, DNB adopted the pronouncement and it does not have a material impact to DNB’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The new guidance narrows the existing definition of a business and provides a framework for evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of assets or a business. The guidance requires an entity to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set of transferred assets and activities (collectively, the set) is not a business. To be considered a business, the set would need to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, as defined by the ASU. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. DNB will apply this guidance to applicable transactions after the adoption date.

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The ASU simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under the amendments, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value with its carrying amount. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The update also eliminated the requirements for zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. The amendments are effective for public business entities for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. DNB will not early adopt this ASU for its annual goodwill impairment test, and has conducted a qualitative test (step zero) as of October 1, 2018 and determined that its Goodwill has not been impaired. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on DNB’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” Under the new guidance, employers will present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item (e.g., Salaries and Benefits) as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. Employers will present the other components separately (e.g., Other Noninterest Expense) from the line item that includes the service cost. ASU No. 2017-07 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, however, DNB has decided not to early adopt. Employers will apply the guidance on the presentation of the components of net periodic benefit cost in the income statement retrospectively. ASU No. 2017-07 does not have a material impact on DNB Consolidated Financial Statements because the Pension plan has been frozen to new accruals since December 31, 2003, and thus, generated no service cost in any subsequent year.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting; (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 provides clarity by offering guidance on the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment awards and gives direction on which changes to the terms or conditions of these awards require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The guidance is effective prospectively for all companies for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017. Early adoption was permitted. DNB adopted the ASU on January 1, 2018 and the effects were immaterial.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income; (“ASU 2018-02”). This ASU allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for certain income tax effects stranded in AOCI as a result of the Tax Act. Consequently, the reclassification eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and is intended to improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the ASU only relates to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires the effect of a change in tax laws or rates to be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. DNB adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018. The amount of this reclassification is $471,000.

Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of DNB and its wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank. All significant inter‑company transactions have been eliminated.

Cash and Due From Banks For purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and due from banks, and federal funds sold are considered to be cash equivalents. Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods.

Investment Securities Investment securities are classified at the time of purchase and accounted for as follows:

Held-To-Maturity (“HTM”) Includes debt securities that DNB has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Debt securities are reported at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. DNB may sell HTM securities when DNB collects greater than 85% of the original recorded investment on the HTM securities prior to the sale.

Available-For-Sale (“AFS”) Includes debt and equity securities not classified as HTM securities. Securities classified as AFS are securities that DNB intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Such securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported, net of tax (if applicable), as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses on the sale of AFS securities are computed on the basis of specific identification of the adjusted cost of each security. Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts for all types of securities are computed using a level‑yield basis.

Other Than Temporary Impairment ("OTTI") Analysis Securities are evaluated on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when market conditions warrant such an evaluation, to determine whether declines in their value are other-than-temporary. To determine whether a loss in value is other-than-temporary, management utilizes criteria such as the reasons underlying the decline, the magnitude and duration of the decline, and whether or not management intends to sell or expects that it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to an anticipated recovery of the fair value. Once a decline in value for a debt security is determined to be other-than-temporary, the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into (a) the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to a decrease in cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security (the credit loss) and (b) the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total impairment related to credit losses is included in earnings. The amount of the total impairment related to all other factors is included in other comprehensive income. DNB recorded no impairment charges in 2018 or 2017.

Restricted StockRestricted investment in bank stocks consist of Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) stock, Pittsburgh Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLBP”) stock, and Atlantic Community Bankers Bank (“ACBB”) stock. Federal law requires a member institution of the district FRB and FHLB to hold stock according to predetermined formulas. ACBB requires its correspondent banking institutions to hold stock as a condition of membership. The restricted investment in bank stock is carried at cost. Quarterly, the Corporation evaluates the bank stocks for impairment. DNB evaluates recent and long-term operating performance, liquidity, funding and capital positions, stock repurchase history, dividend history, and impact of legislative and regulatory changes. At December 31, 2018, DNB owned $3.1 million of stock of the FHLBP, $2.3 million of stock of the FRB and $156,000 of stock of ACBB. At December 31, 2017, DNB owned $5.2 million of stock of the FHLBP, $2.3 million of stock of the FRB and $156,000 of stock of ACBB.

Loans Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of an allowance for credit losses and any deferred fees or costs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the yield (interest income) of the related loans. DNB is generally amortizing these amounts over the contractual life of the loan. Premiums and discounts on purchased loans are amortized as adjustments to interest income using the effective yield method.

The loans receivable portfolio is segmented into residential mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans, commercial loans (which consist of commercial term loans and commercial construction loans), leases, and consumer loans (which consist of home equity loans and other consumer loans.)

For all classes of loans receivable, the accrual of interest is generally discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan or lease is placed on non-accrual, interest accruals cease and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current income. Interest received on nonaccrual loans, including impaired loans, generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time (generally six months) and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. The past due status of all classes of loans receivable is determined based on contractual due dates for loan payments.

Loans acquired in business combinations Loans that DNB acquires in connection with business combinations are recorded at fair value with no carryover of the existing related allowance for credit losses. Fair value of the loans involves estimating the amount and timing of principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and discounting those cash flows at a market rate of interest.

For loans acquired with credit deterioration, the excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable discount and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable discount. These loans are accounted for under the Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The nonaccretable discount includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will require DNB to evaluate the need for an additional allowance for credit losses. Subsequent improvement in expected cash flows will result in the reversal of a corresponding amount of the nonaccretable discount which DNB will then reclassify as accretable discount that will be recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan.

Loans acquired through business combinations that do meet the specific criteria of ASC 310-30 are individually evaluated each period to analyze expected cash flows. To the extent that the expected cash flows of a loan have decreased due to credit deterioration, DNB establishes an allowance.

Loans acquired through business combinations that do not meet the specific criteria of ASC 310-30 are accounted for under ASC 310-20. These loans are initially recorded at fair value, and include credit and interest rate marks associated with acquisition accounting adjustments. Purchase premiums or discounts are subsequently amortized as an adjustment to yield over the estimated contractual lives of the loans. There is no allowance for credit losses established at the acquisition date for acquired performing loans. An allowance for credit losses is recorded for any credit deterioration in these loans subsequent to acquisition.

Acquired loans that met the criteria for impaired or nonaccrual of interest prior to the acquisition may be considered performing upon acquisition, regardless of whether the customer is contractually delinquent if DNB expects to fully collect the new carrying value (i.e. fair value) of the loans. As such, DNB may no longer consider the loan to be nonaccrual or nonperforming and may accrue interest on these loans, including the impact of any accretable discount. In addition, charge-offs on such loans would be first applied to the nonaccretable difference portion of the fair value adjustment.

Deferred Loan Fees and Costs Loan origination and commitment fees and related direct-loan origination costs of completed loans are deferred and accreted to income as a yield adjustment over the life of the loan using the level‑yield method. The accretion to income is discontinued when a loan is placed on non-accrual status. When a loan is paid off, any unamortized net deferred fee balance is credited to income. When a loan is sold, any unamortized net deferred fee balance is considered in the calculation of gain or loss.

Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The allowance for credit losses is increased by the provision for loan losses, and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. All, or part, of the principal balance of loans receivable are charged off to the allowance as soon as it is determined that the repayment of all, or part, of the principal balance is highly unlikely. Non-residential consumer loans are generally charged off no later than 120 days past due on a contractual basis, earlier in the event of Bankruptcy, or if there is an amount deemed uncollectible. No portion of the allowance for credit losses is restricted to any individual loan or groups of loans, and the entire allowance is available to absorb any and all loan losses.

The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that can be reasonably anticipated. Management performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance. The allowance is based on DNB’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers pools of loans by loan class including commercial loans not considered impaired, as well as smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans. These pools of loans are evaluated for loss exposure, based upon historical loss rates for each of these categories of loans, adjusted for qualitative factors. These qualitative risk factors include:

1.Lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-off and recovery practices

2.National, regional, and local economic and business conditions as well as the condition of various market segments, including the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans

3.Nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans

4.Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff

5.Volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans as well as other loan modifications

6.Quality of DNB’s loan review system, and the degree of oversight by DNB’s Board of Directors

7.Existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations

8.Effect of external factors, such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements

9.Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral‑dependent loans

Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management’s best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation. Adjustments to the factors are supported through documentation of changes in conditions in a narrative accompanying the allowance for credit loss calculation.

Residential mortgage loans involve certain risks such as interest rate risk and risk of non-repayment. Adjustable-rate single family real estate loans decreases the interest rate risk to the Company that is associated with changes in interest rates but involve other risks, primarily because as interest rates rise, the payment by the borrower rises to the extent permitted by the terms of the loan, thereby increasing the potential for default. At the same time, the marketability of the underlying property may be adversely affected by higher interest rates. Repayment risk can be affected by job loss, divorce, illness and personal bankruptcy or the borrower.

Commercial real estate lending entails significant additional risks as compared with single‑family residential property lending. Such loans typically involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. The payment experience on such loans is typically dependent on the successful operation of the real estate project. The success of such projects is sensitive to changes in supply and demand conditions in the market for commercial real estate as well as economic conditions generally.

Commercial loans, which are also referred to as commercial and industrial loans (“C & I loans”), include advances to businesses for general commercial purposes and include permanent and short-term working capital, machinery and equipment financing, and may be either in the form of lines of credit or term loans. Although C & I loans may be unsecured to our highest rated borrowers, the majority of these loans are secured by the borrower’s accounts receivable, inventory and machinery and equipment. In a significant number of these loans, the collateral also includes the business real estate or the business owner’s personal real estate or assets. C & I loans present credit exposure to DNB, as they are more susceptible to risk of loss during a downturn in the economy, as borrowers may have greater difficulty in meeting their debt service requirements and the value of the collateral may decline. DNB attempts to mitigate this risk through its underwriting standards, including evaluating the credit worthiness of the borrower and to the extent available, credit ratings on the business. Additionally, monitoring of the loans through annual renewals and meetings with the borrowers are typical. However, these procedures cannot eliminate the risk of loss associated with this type of lending.

Construction lending is generally considered to involve a higher level of risk as compared to single‑family residential lending, due to the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers and the effects of general economic conditions on developers and builders. Moreover, a construction loan can involve additional risks because of the inherent difficulty in estimating both a property’s value at completion of the project and the estimated cost (including interest) of the project. The nature of these loans is such that they are generally more difficult to evaluate and monitor. DNB has attempted to minimize the foregoing risks by, among other things, limiting the extent of its construction lending and has adopted underwriting guidelines which impose stringent loan-to-value, debt service and other requirements for loans which are believed to involve higher elements of credit risk, by limiting the geographic area in which DNB will do business and by working with builders with whom it has established relationships.

Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than mortgage loans but generally involve more credit risk than mortgage loans because of the type and nature of the collateral and, in certain cases, the absence of collateral. In addition, consumer lending collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely effected by job loss, divorce, illness and personal bankruptcy. In most cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan will not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of improper repair and maintenance of the underlying security. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower. DNB believes that the generally higher yields earned on consumer loans compensate for the increased credit risk associated with such loans and that consumer loans are important to its efforts to provide a full range of services to its customers.

An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that DNB will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans and commercial construction loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. An allowance for credit losses is established for an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. The estimated fair values of substantially all of DNB’s impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the loan’s collateral.

For commercial loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third‑party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraised values are discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include estimated costs to sell the property.

For commercial loans secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable agings or equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets.

We perform separate impairment analyses once residential or consumer loans become significantly delinquent. This is essentially the same process for all loan types. Once on non-accrual or at 90 days delinquent (if not before), we generally get updated valuations (appraisals, etc.) and then perform the impairment analysis. So, the general reserve is used to cover the performing loans until we pull out the problem accounts.

The allowance calculation methodology includes further segregation of loan classes into risk rating categories. The borrower’s overall financial condition, repayment sources, guarantors and value of collateral, if appropriate, are evaluated annually for commercial loans or when credit deficiencies arise, such as delinquent loan payments, for commercial and consumer loans. Credit quality risk ratings include regulatory classifications of special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. Loans criticized special mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If uncorrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects. Loans classified substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They include loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified substandard with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current conditions and facts, is highly improbable. Loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible and are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Loans not classified are rated pass.

In addition, Federal regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review DNB’s allowance for credit losses and may require DNB to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination, which may not be currently available to management. Based on management’s comprehensive analysis of the loan portfolio, management believes the current level of the allowance for credit losses is appropriate.

Troubled Debt Restructurings Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) if DNB grants such borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring generally involve a temporary reduction in interest rate or an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date. Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings are restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for six consecutive months after modification. Loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are designated as impaired. The recorded investments in troubled debt restructured loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:



	December 31, 2018
	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(Dollars in thousands)	Outstanding Recorded Investment		Outstanding Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Residential mortgage	$	676	$	805	$	630
Commercial mortgage		992		992		962
Consumer:
Home equity		148		148		140
Other		40		42		30
Total	$	1,856	$	1,987	$	1,762

	December 31, 2017
	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(Dollars in thousands)	Outstanding Recorded Investment		Outstanding Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Residential mortgage	$	754	$	883	$	690
Commercial mortgage		992		992		982
Consumer:
Home equity		148		148		146
Other		40		42		39
Total	$	1,934	$	2,065	$	1,857

At December 31, 2018, DNB had nine TDRs with recorded investment totaling $1,762,000, all of which were accruing loans in compliance with the terms of the modifications. As a result of collateral evaluations, specific reserves and charge-offs have been taken where appropriate. As of December 31, 2018, DNB recognized partial charge-offs totaling $151,000 on two residential loans prior to their restructuring and $2,000 on one consumer installment loan after its restructuring. As of December 31, 2018, there were no defaulted TDRs as all TDRs were current with respect to their associated forbearance agreements. There were no defaults on TDRs within twelve months of restructure during 2018. DNB classified one residential mortgage loan totaling $73,000 as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2017, DNB had eight TDRs with recorded investment totaling $1,857,000, five of which, totaling $1,128,000, were accruing loans in compliance with the terms of the modifications. The remaining $729,000 represents three loans that were nonaccrual impaired loans and resulted in collateral evaluations. As a result of the evaluations, specific reserves and charge-offs have been taken where appropriate. As of December 31, 2017, DNB recognized partial charge-offs totaling $151,000 on two residential loans prior to their restructuring and $2,000 on one consumer installment loan after its restructuring. As of December 31, 2017, there were no defaulted TDRs as all TDRs were current with respect to their associated forbearance agreements. There were no defaults on TDRs within twelve months of restructure during 2017. DNB classified three commercial mortgage loans totaling $992,000 as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Reserve for unfunded loan commitments The reserve for unfunded loan commitments represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in off-balance sheet items related to the loan portfolio which consist of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. The same risk and loss factors are applied to both funded and unfunded commitments. However, the bank calculates reserves required to support unfunded commitments in each loan category based only on the estimated likelihood (the probability) that DNB would advance funds into a known troubled situation, and then sustain a loss on the newly advanced funds. The amount of reserve for unfunded loan commitments, which is included in “Other liabilities” on the statement of financial condition, was $395,000 and $348,000 at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Other Real Estate Owned & Other Repossessed Property Other real estate owned (“OREO”) and other repossessed property consists of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure as well as other repossessed property. Properties classified as OREO are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Costs relating to the development or improvement of the properties are capitalized and costs relating to holding the properties are charged to expense. DNB had $58,000 and $416,000 of commercial mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Office Properties and Equipment Office properties and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the expected useful lives of the assets. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as they are incurred; renewals and betterments are capitalized. All long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when conditions indicate that impairment may have occurred, based on the fair value of the asset. In addition, long-lived assets to be disposed of are generally reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less cost to sell. Gains or losses on disposition of properties and equipment are reflected in operations.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets DNB accounts for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.” Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in connection with the 2016 acquisition of East River Bank. If certain events occur, which indicate goodwill might be impaired between annual tests, goodwill must be tested when such events occur. In making this assessment, DNB considers a number of factors including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, current market data, stock price, etc. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judgment in applying them to the analysis of goodwill impairment. Changes in economic and operating conditions could result in goodwill impairment in future periods. DNB did not identify any impairment during 2018. The annual test date is October 1st. DNB has conducted a qualitative test (step zero) as of October 1, 2018 and determined that its Goodwill has not been impaired.

Income Taxes DNB accounts for income taxes in accordance with the income tax accounting guidance set forth in FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes.

The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. DNB determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

DNB recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. DNB is no longer subject to examinations by taxing authorities for the years before January 1, 2015. DNB had no unrecognized tax positions as of December 31, 2018.

Pension Plan The Bank maintains a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees over the age of 21 with one year of service. Plan benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s monthly average compensation for the highest five consecutive years of their last ten years of service (see Note 13 — Benefit Plans). The Bank recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of pension and other post retirement benefit plans on the balance sheet. Gains and losses, prior service costs and credits, and any remaining transition amounts that have not yet been recognized through net periodic benefit cost will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic cost.

Stock Based Compensation Stock compensation accounting guidance (FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation) requires that the compensation cost relating to share‑based payment transactions be recognized in financial statements. That cost will be measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. The stock compensation accounting guidance covers a wide range of share‑based compensation arrangements including stock options, restricted share plans, performance‑based awards, share appreciation rights, and employee share purchase plans.

The stock compensation accounting guidance requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and recognized over the employees’ service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded‑vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. A Black Sholes model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options. The market price of DNB’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.

Earnings Per Common Share (EPS) Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur from unvested stock awards and the exercise of stock options and award vests computed using the treasury stock method. Stock options and awards for which the exercise price exceeds the average market price over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on EPS and, accordingly, are excluded from the EPS calculation. Treasury shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations.

Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, accretion of discount on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, and changes in the funded status of the pension plan of which the accumulated amounts are also recognized as separate components of stockholders’ equity.



Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Before-Tax		Tax		Net-of-Tax
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Effect		Amount
December 31, 2018
Net unrealized loss on AFS securities	$	(2,122)	$	445	$	(1,677)
Unrealized actuarial losses-pension		(1,637)		343		(1,294)
	$	(3,759)	$	788	$	(2,971)
December 31, 2017
Net unrealized loss on AFS securities	$	(1,772)	$	603	$	(1,169)
Unrealized actuarial losses-pension		(1,849)		628		(1,221)
	$	(3,621)	$	1,231	$	(2,390)

Treasury Stock Shares of the Company's common stock which are repurchased on the open market are classified as treasury stock on the consolidated balance sheet. Treasury stock is recorded at the cost at which it was obtained in the open market, and at the date of reissuance, treasury stock on the consolidated balance sheet is reduced by the cost for which it was purchased, using a weighted average price of the remaining treasury stock.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance The Bank is the beneficiary of insurance policies on the lives of certain officers of the Bank. The Bank has recognized the amount that could be realized under the insurance policies as an asset in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Trust Assets Assets held by DNB First Wealth Management, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank, in fiduciary or agency capacities are not included in the consolidated financial statements since such items are not assets of DNB. Operating income and expenses of DNB First Wealth Management are included in the consolidated statements of income and are recorded on an accrual basis.

Advertising and Marketing Costs DNB follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising and marketing to expense as incurred. Advertising and marketing costs were approximately $711,000 and $755,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk Most of DNB’s activities are with customers located throughout southeastern Pennsylvania. DNB's commercial portfolio has a concentration in loans to commercial real estate investors and developers as defined by regulation. There are numerous risks associated with commercial loans that could impact the borrower’s ability to repay on a timely basis. They include, but are not limited to: the owner’s business expertise; changes in local, national, and in some cases international economies; competition; governmental regulation; and the general financial stability of the borrowing entity.

DNB attempts to mitigate these risks by completing an analysis of th13e borrower’s business and industry history, the borrower’s financial position, as well as that of the business owner. DNB will also require the borrower to periodically provide financial information on the operation of the business over the life of the loan. In addition, most commercial loans are secured by assets of the business or those of the business owner, which can be liquidated if the borrower defaults, along with the personal surety of the business owner.

Subsequent Events Management has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to December 31, 2018 for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these Consolidated Financial Statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date these financial statements were issued.