Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2015

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

Note 7. Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1:   Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2:   Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3:   Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (for example, supported with little or no market activity).

An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

Securities available-for-sale - Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified with Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 inputs include securities that have quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Level 1 securities held: U.S. Treasury securities, publicly traded equity securities, mutual funds and overnight money market funds. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Examples of instruments, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include municipal bonds and certain agency collateralized mortgage obligations. In certain cases where there is limited activity in the market for a particular instrument, assumptions must be made to determine their fair value and are classified as Level 3. Due to the inactive condition of the markets amidst the financial crisis, the Company treated certain securities as Level 3 securities in order to provide more appropriate valuations. For assets in an inactive market, the infrequent trades that do occur are not a true indication of fair value. When measuring fair value, the valuation techniques available under the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used. The Company’s evaluations are based on market data and the Company employs combinations of these approaches for its valuation methods depending on the asset class.

Derivatives - The fair value of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (level 2). Our derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rate, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.

Loans held for sale - Loans held for sale are required to be measured at the lower of cost or fair value. Under FASB ASC 820-10-05, market value is to represent fair value. Management obtains quotes or bids on all or part of these loans directly from the purchasing financial institutions.

Loans receivable - The fair value of performing loans, except residential mortgages, is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risks inherent in the loan. The estimate of maturity is based on the historical experience of the Bank with prepayments for each loan classification, modified as required by an estimate of the effect of current economic and lending conditions. For performing residential mortgage loans, fair value is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates using discount rates based on secondary market sources adjusted to reflect differences in servicing and credit costs.

Off-balance sheet financial instruments - The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rate and the committed rates.

The fair value of financial standby letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are as follows: 

			June 30, 2015
			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Assets
Investment securities:
Available-for-sale:
Federal agency obligations	$	30,972	$	—	$	30,972	$	—
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		54,734		—		54,734		—
Commercial mortgage pass-through securities		3,023		—		3,023		—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivision		8,358		—		8,358		—
Trust preferred securities		16,306		—		16,306		—
Corporate bonds and notes		109,838		—		109,838		—
Asset-backed securities		24,682		—		24,682		—
Certificates of deposit		2,115		—		2,115		—
Equity securities		327		327		—		—
Other securities		13,743		13,743		—		—
Total available-for-sale		264,098		14,070		250,028		—
Loans held for sale		124		—		124		—
Total assets	$	264,222	$	14,070	$	250,152	$	—
Liabilities
Derivatives	$	250	$	—	$	250	$	—
Total liabilities	$	250	$	—	$	250	$	—

			December 31, 2014
			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Assets
Investment securities:
Available-for-sale:
Federal agency obligations	$	32,817	$	—	$	32,817	$	—
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		60,356		—		60,356		—
Commercial mortgage pass-through securities		3,046		—		3,046		—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivision		8,406		—		8,406		—
Trust preferred securities		16,306		—		16,306		—
Corporate bonds and notes		125,777		—		125,777		—
Asset-backed securities		27,502		—		27,502		—
Certificates of deposit		2,123		—		2,123		—
Equity securities		307		307		—		—
Other securities		12,892		12,892		—		—
Total available-for-sale		289,532		13,199		276,333		—
Derivatives		48		—		48		—
Total assets	$	289,580	$	13,199	$	276,381	$	—

For the six months ended June 30, 2015, there were no transfers of investment securities available-for-sale into or out of Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 assets.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, the unobservable inputs used to derive fair value measurements at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2014 were as follows:

June 30, 2015

			Range
Impaired loans	Valuation Techniques	Range of Unobservable Inputs	Minimum	Maximum
Commercial	Appraisals of collateral value	Adjustment for age of comparable sales	0%	15%
Commercial real estate	Appraisals of collateral value	Market capitalization rates, Market rental rates for similar properties	8%	12%

December 31, 2014

			Range
Impaired loans	Valuation Techniques	Range of Unobservable Inputs	Minimum	Maximum
Commercial	Appraisals of collateral value	Adjustment for age of comparable sales	0%	15%
Commercial real estate	Appraisals of collateral value	Market capitalization rates, Market rental rates for similar properties	8%	12%

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:	June 30, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans	(in thousands)
Commercial	$	3,516	$	—	$	—	$	3,516
Commercial real estate		1,113		—		—		1,113

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non- Recurring Basis	December 31, 2014		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans	(in thousands)
Commercial	$	276	$	—	$	—	$	276
Commercial real estate		3,369		—		—		3,369

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

Impaired loans - Impaired loans at June 30, 2015 that required a valuation allowance during 2015 were $5.6 million with a related valuation allowance of $891,000 compared to $3.9 million with a related valuation allowance of $262,000 at December 31, 2014. Additional provision for loan and lease losses of $185,000 and $629,000 for the three and six months ending June 30, 2015, respectively, and $110,000 and $222,000 three and six months ending June 30, 2014, respectively, were recorded.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 825-10 requires all entities to disclose the estimated fair value of their financial instrument assets and liabilities. For the Company, as for most financial institutions, the majority of its assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments as defined in FASB ASC 825-10. Many of the Company’s financial instruments, however, lack an available trading market as characterized by a willing buyer and willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction. It is also the Company’s general practice and intent to hold its financial instruments to maturity and not to engage in trading or sales activities except for loans held-for-sale and investment securities available-for-sale. Therefore, significant estimations and assumptions, as well as present value calculations, were used by the Company for the purposes of this disclosure.

Cash and cash equivalents - The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values.

FHLB stock - It is not practical to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.

Investment securities held-to-maturity - The fair value of the Company’s investment securities held-to-maturity was primarily measured using information from a third-party pricing service. If quoted prices were not available, fair values were estimated primarily by obtaining quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or through the use of pricing models. In cases where there may be limited or less transparent information provided by the Company’s third-party pricing service, fair value may be estimated by the use of secondary pricing services or through the use of non-binding third-party broker quotes.

Loans - The fair value of the Company’s loans was estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using the current interest rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Loans were segregated by types such as commercial, residential and consumer loans. Expected future cash flows were projected based on contractual cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments.

Noninterest-bearing deposits - The fair value for noninterest-bearing deposits is equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date.

Interest-bearing deposits - The fair values of the Company’s interest-bearing deposits were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses. The discount rates used were based on rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. The fair values of the Company’s interest-bearing deposits do not take into consideration the value of the Company’s long-term relationships with depositors, which may have significant value.

Borrowings and subordinated debentures - The fair value of the Company’s borrowings and subordinated debentures were calculated using a discounted cash flow approach and applying discount rates currently offered based on weighted remaining maturities.

Accrued interest receivable/payable - The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value resulting in a level 2 or level 3 classification based on the level of the asset or liability with which the accrual is associated.

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

					Fair Value Measurements
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs  (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2015
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	125,483	$	125,483	$	125,483	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available-for-sale		264,098		264,098		14,070		250,028		—
Investment securities held-to-maturity		232,557		237,205		29,016		189,523		18,666
Restricted investment in bank stocks		27,078		n/a		n/a		n/a		n/a
Loans held for sale		124		124				124
Net loans		2,747,808		2,734,082		—		—		2,734,082
Accrued interest receivable		12,055		12,055		67		3,458		8,530
Financial liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits		553,008		553,008		553,008		—		—
Interest-bearing deposits		2,016,223		2,019,036		—		2,019,036		—
Borrowings		548,758		552,752		—		552,752		—
Subordinated debentures		55,155		54,944		—		54,944		—
Derivatives		250		250		—		250		—
Accrued interest payable		4,428		4,428		—		4,428		—

					Fair Value Measurements
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs  (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2014
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	126,847	$	126,847	$	126,847	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available-for-sale		289,532		289,532		13,199		276,333		—
Investment securities held-to-maturity		224,682		231,445		29,184		183,489		18,772
Restricted investment in bank stocks		23,535		n/a		n/a		n/a		n/a
Net loans		2,524,481		2,538,415		—		—		2,538,415
Derivatives		48		48		—		48		—
Accrued interest receivable		11,700		11,700		68		3,674		7,958
Financial liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits		492,515		492,515		492,515		—		—
Interest-bearing deposits		1,983,092		1,990,484		—		1,990,484		—
Borrowings		495,553		505,641		—		505,641		—
Subordinated debentures		5,155		4,768		—		4,768		—
Accrued interest payable		3,930		3,930		—		3,930		—

The fair value of commitments to originate loans is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair values of letters of credit and lines of credit are based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date.

Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on these estimated fair values.

The Company’s remaining assets and liabilities, which are not considered financial instruments, have not been valued differently than has been customary with historical cost accounting. No disclosure of the relationship value of the Company’s core deposit base is required by FASB ASC 825-10.

Fair value estimates are based on existing balance sheet financial instruments, without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. For example, there are certain significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities, such as the brokerage network, deferred taxes, premises and equipment, and goodwill. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

Management believes that reasonable comparability between financial institutions may not be likely, due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates which must be made, given the absence of active secondary markets for many of the financial instruments. This lack of uniform valuation methodologies also introduces a greater degree of subjectivity to these estimated fair values.