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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Dec. 31, 2024

Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]

Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans and leases are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition net of deferred loan fees and costs, and discounts related to purchased loans. Net deferred costs were $21.2 million and $14.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and discounts on purchased loans were $20.2 million and $18.9 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The following table provides outstanding balances related to each of our loan types as of December 31:


	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	2,044,989	$	1,677,989
Time and demand	1,226,054		1,133,595
Commercial credit cards	11,408		11,718
Equipment finance	693,265		427,320
Time and demand other	114,262		105,356
Real estate construction	462,786		483,384
Construction other	415,536		475,367
Construction residential	47,250		8,017
Residential real estate	2,360,285		2,341,703
Residential first lien	1,631,019		1,670,547
Residential junior lien/home equity	729,266		671,156
Commercial real estate	3,182,109		3,124,704
Multifamily	594,790		597,145
Non-owner occupied	1,834,016		1,804,950
Owner occupied	753,303		722,609
Loans to individuals	1,457,870		1,355,974
Automobile and recreational vehicles	1,387,195		1,280,645
Consumer credit cards	9,496		9,865
Consumer other	61,179		65,464
Total loans and leases	$	9,508,039	$	8,983,754

First Commonwealth’s loan portfolio includes five primary loan categories. When calculating the allowance for credit losses these categories are classified into fourteen portfolio segments. The composition of loans by portfolio segment includes:

Commercial, financial, agricultural and other

Time & Demand - Consists primarily of commercial and industrial loans. This category consists of loans that are typically cash flow dependent and therefore have different risk and loss characteristics than other commercial loans. Loans in this category include revolving and term structures with fixed and variable interest rates. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating

credit losses for this category include forecasts of business bankruptcies and economic conditions measured by GDP. In the

third quarter of 2025, as a result of a periodic review of loss history and loss drivers, business bankruptcies replaced national

unemployment as one of the primary macroeconomic drivers in this category.

Commercial Credit Cards - Consists of unsecured credit cards for commercial customers. These commercial credit cards have separate characteristics outside of normal commercial non-real estate loans, as they tend to have shorter overall duration. The

primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of business bankruptcies and

economic conditions measured by GDP. In the third quarter of 2025, as a result of a periodic review of loss history and loss

drivers, business bankruptcies replaced national unemployment as one of the primary macroeconomic drivers in this category.

Equipment Finance - Consists of loans and leases to finance the purchase of equipment for commercial customers. The risk and loss characteristics are unique for this group due to the type of collateral. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating

credit losses for this category include forecasts of business bankruptcies and economic conditions measured by GDP. In the

third quarter of 2025, as a result of a periodic review of loss history and loss drivers, business bankruptcies replaced national

unemployment as one of the primary macroeconomic drivers in this category.

Time & Demand Other - Consists primarily of loans to state and political subdivisions and other commercial loans that have different characteristics than loans in the Time and Demand category. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of household obligations ratio and economic conditions measured by GDP.

Real estate construction

Construction Other - Consists of construction loans to commercial builders and developers and are secured by the properties under development.

Construction Residential - Consists of loans to finance the construction of residential properties during the construction period. Borrowers are typically individuals who will occupy the completed single-family property.

The risk and loss characteristics of these two construction categories are different than other real estate secured categories due to the collateral being at various stages of completion. The nature of the project and type of borrower of the two construction categories provides for unique risk and loss characteristics for each category. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for construction loans include forecasts of national unemployment and measures of completed construction projects.

Residential real estate

Residential first lien - Consists of loans with collateral of 1-4 family residencies with a senior lien position. The risk and loss characteristics are unique for this group because the collateral for these loans are the borrower’s primary residence. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and residential property values.

Residential Junior Lien/Home Equity - Consists of loans with collateral of 1-4 family residencies with an open-ended line of credit or junior lien position. The junior lien position for the majority of these loans provides a higher risk of loss than other residential real estate loans. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and residential property values.

Commercial real estate

Multifamily - Consists of loans secured by commercial multifamily properties. Real estate related to rentals to consumers provide unique risk and loss characteristics. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category

include forecasts of completed multifamily construction projects and national unemployment. In the third quarter of 2025, as a

result of a periodic review of loss history and loss drivers, completed multifamily construction projects replaced commercial

real estate values as one of the primary macroeconomic drivers in this category.

Non-owner Occupied - Consists of loans secured by commercial real estate non-owner occupied and provides different loss characteristics than other real estate categories. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this

category include forecasts of national unemployment and changes in the price of commercial real estate. In the third quarter of

2025, as a result of a periodic review of loss history and loss drivers, changes in the price of commercial real estate replaced

economic conditions measured by GDP as one of the primary macroeconomic drivers in this category.

Owner Occupied - Consists of loans secured by commercial real estate owner occupied properties. The risk and loss characteristics of this category were considered different than other real estate categories because it is owner occupied and would impact the ability to conduct business. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.

Loans to individuals

Automobile and recreational vehicles - Consists of both direct and indirect loans with automobiles and recreational vehicles held as collateral. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of

automobile retention value and business bankruptcies. In the third quarter of 2025, as a result of a periodic review of loss

history and loss drivers, business bankruptcies replaced consumer sentiment as one of the primary macroeconomic drivers in

this category. This change reflects the view that business bankruptcies are better correlated with defaults in this category at this

point in the economic cycle.

Consumer Credit Cards – Consists of unsecured consumer credit cards. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating

credit losses for this category include forecasts of consumer sentiment and median family income. In the third quarter of 2025, as a result of a periodic review of loss history and loss drivers, median family income projections replaced economic conditions

measured by GDP as one of the primary macroeconomic drivers in this category.

Other Consumer - Consists of lines of credit, student loans and other consumer loans, not secured by real estate or autos. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of consumer confidence and retail sales.

Calculation of the Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is calculated by pooling loans of similar credit risk characteristics and applying a discounted cash flow methodology after incorporating probability of default and loss given default estimates. Probability of default represents an estimate of the likelihood of default and loss given default measures the expected loss upon default. Inputs impacting the expected losses include a forecast of macroeconomic factors, using a weighted forecast from a nationally recognized firm. Our model incorporates a one-year forecast of macroeconomic factors, after which the factors revert back to the historical mean over a one-year period. The most significant macroeconomic factor used in estimating credit losses is the national unemployment rate. The forecasted value for national unemployment at the beginning of the forecast period was 4.35% and during the one-year forecast period it was projected to average 5.25%, with a peak of 5.56%.

Credit Quality Information

As part of the on-going monitoring of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the following credit worthiness categories are used in grading our commercial loans:


Pass						Acceptable levels of risk exist in the relationship. Includes all loans not classified as OAEM, substandard or doubtful.

Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM)						Potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. The potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or weaken the Bank’s credit position at some future date. The credit risk may be relatively minor, yet constitute an undesirable risk in light of the circumstances surrounding the specific credit. No loss of principal or interest is expected.

Substandard						Well-defined weakness or a weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt. A loan may be classified as substandard as a result of deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition and repayment capacity. Loans for which repayment plans have not been met or collateral equity margins do not protect the Company may also be classified as substandard.

Doubtful						Loans with the characteristics of substandard loans with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of presently existing facts and conditions, is highly improbable.

The Company’s internal creditworthiness grading system provides a measurement of credit risk based primarily on an evaluation of the borrower’s cash flow and collateral. Category ratings are reviewed each quarter, at which time management analyzes the results, as well as other external statistics and factors related to loan performance.

The following tables represent our credit risk profile by creditworthiness category. In the table for the year ended December 31, 2025, the balance of the doubtful category has been fully provided for in the allowance for credit losses. Information included in the following tables are for years ended December 31:


	2025
			Non-Pass
	Pass		OAEM		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total Non-Pass		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	1,924,977	$	53,739	$	65,381	$	892	$	—	$	120,012	$	2,044,989
Time and demand	1,112,673		49,765		62,724		892		—		113,381		1,226,054
Commercial credit cards	11,408		—		—		—		—		—		11,408
Equipment finance	686,636		3,972		2,657		—		—		6,629		693,265
Time and demand other	114,260		2		—		—		—		2		114,262
Real estate construction	460,716		463		1,607		—		—		2,070		462,786
Construction other	413,466		463		1,607		—		—		2,070		415,536
Construction residential	47,250		—		—		—		—		—		47,250
Residential real estate	2,342,701		4,402		13,182		—		—		17,584		2,360,285
Residential first lien	1,618,090		4,402		8,527		—		—		12,929		1,631,019
Residential junior lien/home equity	724,611		—		4,655		—		—		4,655		729,266
Commercial real estate	3,054,645		69,182		58,282		—		—		127,464		3,182,109
Multifamily	575,330		7,718		11,742		—		—		19,460		594,790
Non-owner occupied	1,777,941		40,928		15,147		—		—		56,075		1,834,016
Owner occupied	701,374		20,536		31,393		—		—		51,929		753,303
Loans to individuals	1,457,836		—		34		—		—		34		1,457,870
Automobile and recreational vehicles	1,387,163		—		32		—		—		32		1,387,195
Consumer credit cards	9,496		—		—		—		—		—		9,496
Consumer other	61,177		—		2		—		—		2		61,179
Total	$	9,240,875	$	127,786	$	138,486	$	892	$	—	$	267,164	$	9,508,039


	2024
			Non-Pass
	Pass		OAEM		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total Non-Pass		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	1,579,704	$	65,892	$	32,393	$	—	$	—	$	98,285	$	1,677,989
Time and demand	1,037,723		64,757		31,115		—		—		95,872		1,133,595
Commercial credit cards	11,718		—		—		—		—		—		11,718
Equipment finance	424,911		1,131		1,278		—		—		2,409		427,320
Time and demand other	105,352		4		—		—		—		4		105,356
Real estate construction	480,675		180		2,529		—		—		2,709		483,384
Construction other	472,658		180		2,529		—		—		2,709		475,367
Construction residential	8,017		—		—		—		—		—		8,017
Residential real estate	2,328,571		1,297		11,835		—		—		13,132		2,341,703
Residential first lien	1,661,868		1,297		7,382		—		—		8,679		1,670,547
Residential junior lien/home equity	666,703		—		4,453		—		—		4,453		671,156
Commercial real estate	3,014,905		60,510		49,289		—		—		109,799		3,124,704
Multifamily	578,725		18,346		74		—		—		18,420		597,145
Non-owner occupied	1,754,255		21,869		28,826		—		—		50,695		1,804,950
Owner occupied	681,925		20,295		20,389		—		—		40,684		722,609
Loans to individuals	1,355,724		—		250		—		—		250		1,355,974
Automobile and recreational vehicles	1,280,498		—		147		—		—		147		1,280,645
Consumer credit cards	9,865		—		—		—		—		—		9,865
Consumer other	65,361		—		103		—		—		103		65,464
Total	$	8,759,579	$	127,879	$	96,296	$	—	$	—	$	224,175	$	8,983,754

The following table summarizes the loan risk rating category by loan type including term loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year as of December 31:


	2025
	Term Loans												Revolving Loans
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior				Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand	$	144,802	$	143,570	$	95,587	$	90,711	$	66,053	$	94,425	$	590,906	$	1,226,054
Pass	138,416		129,314		90,204		82,891		55,709		84,813		531,326		1,112,673
OAEM	1,615		10,115		2,639		2,655		1,888		1,888		28,965		49,765
Substandard	4,771		4,141		2,744		5,165		8,456		7,724		29,723		62,724
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		892		892
Gross Charge-offs	(305)		(283)		(400)		(2,897)		(389)		(2,368)		(9,540)		(16,182)
Gross Recoveries	—		—		—		402		26		862		2,933		4,223
Commercial credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		11,408		11,408
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		11,408		11,408


Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		(302)		(302)
Gross Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		35		35


	2025
	Term Loans						Revolving Loans
	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	Prior	Revolving Loans	Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Equipment finance	385,806	195,713	87,528	24,218	—	—	—	693,265
Pass	385,724	192,228	85,679	23,005	—	—	—	686,636
OAEM	82	2,588	740	562	—	—	—	3,972
Substandard	—	897	1,109	651	—	—	—	2,657
Gross Charge-offs	(89)	(673)	(418)	(1,108)	—	—	—	(2,288)
Gross Recoveries	—	7	165	454	—	—	—	626

Time and demand other	9,347	10,927	12,347	4,079	15,114	50,358	12,090	114,262
Pass	9,347	10,927	12,347	4,079	15,114	50,358	12,088	114,260
OAEM	—	—	—	—	—	—	2	2

Gross Charge-offs	—	—	—	—	—	—	(1,480)	(1,480)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	1	233	234
Construction other	149,758	78,078	115,404	32,501	28,324	8,905	2,566	415,536
Pass	149,758	78,078	115,115	32,327	26,849	8,773	2,566	413,466
OAEM	—	—	289	174	—	—	—	463
Substandard	—	—	—	—	1,475	132	—	1,607
Gross Charge-offs	(10)	—	(359)	(355)	—	—	(8)	(732)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Construction residential	18,358	6,101	16,798	3,449	1,055	—	1,489	47,250
Pass	18,358	6,101	16,798	3,449	1,055	—	1,489	47,250


Gross Charge-offs	—	—	—	—	(562)	—	—	(562)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Residential first lien	86,293	55,820	136,773	343,907	438,644	567,149	2,433	1,631,019
Pass	86,284	55,582	134,414	339,023	436,767	563,651	2,369	1,618,090
OAEM	—	—	—	3,474	169	695	64	4,402
Substandard	9	238	2,359	1,410	1,708	2,803	—	8,527
Gross Charge-offs	—	(4)	(330)	(17)	(105)	(45)	—	(501)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	66	—	66
Residential junior lien/home equity	51,282	17,507	44,622	47,598	31,875	4,869	531,513	729,266
Pass	51,282	17,507	44,611	47,523	31,875	4,678	527,135	724,611

Substandard	—	—	11	75	—	191	4,378	4,655
Gross Charge-offs	—	—	—	—	—	—	(244)	(244)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	13	155	168
Multifamily	32,759	33,307	70,651	196,678	110,591	148,908	1,896	594,790
Pass	32,759	33,307	70,651	183,418	105,594	148,005	1,596	575,330
OAEM	—	—	—	1,563	4,997	858	300	7,718
Substandard	—	—	—	11,697	—	45	—	11,742
Gross Charge-offs	—	—	—	(169)	(92)	(505)	—	(766)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Non-owner occupied	194,436	109,688	212,880	384,761	186,461	732,319	13,471	1,834,016
Pass	194,436	109,688	212,880	374,468	179,869	693,195	13,405	1,777,941
OAEM	—	—	—	9,201	6,592	25,135	—	40,928
Substandard	—	—	—	1,092	—	13,989	66	15,147
Gross Charge-offs	—	(2)	(93)	(1,284)	(239)	(3,145)	(7)	(4,770)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	148	—	148


	2025
	Term Loans												Revolving Loans
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Owner occupied	124,044		79,594		102,865		130,905		108,227		193,605		14,063		753,303
Pass	123,755		66,642		97,396		119,327		104,482		177,382		12,390		701,374
OAEM	—		5,994		3,352		3,080		2,606		4,172		1,332		20,536
Substandard	289		6,958		2,117		8,498		1,139		12,051		341		31,393
Gross Charge-offs	(98)		(131)		(140)		(1,175)		(63)		(42)		(3)		(1,652)
Gross Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		69		—		69
Automobile and recreational vehicles	545,133		287,068		217,215		204,073		87,300		46,406		—		1,387,195
Pass	545,133		287,057		217,215		204,061		87,300		46,397		—		1,387,163

Substandard	—		11		—		12		—		9		—		32
Gross Charge-offs	(229)		(1,401)		(2,037)		(2,079)		(879)		(400)		—		(7,025)
Gross Recoveries	25		409		643		1,047		477		391		—		2,992
Consumer credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		9,496		9,496
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		9,496		9,496


Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		(346)		(346)
Gross Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		79		79
Consumer other	6,592		4,881		2,331		1,074		7,711		2,308		36,282		61,179
Pass	6,592		4,881		2,331		1,074		7,711		2,308		36,280		61,177

Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		2		2
Gross Charge-offs	(17)		(91)		(151)		(74)		(135)		(1)		(1,047)		(1,516)
Gross Recoveries	6		1		22		14		38		34		236		351
Total	$	1,748,610	$	1,022,254	$	1,115,001	$	1,463,954	$	1,081,355	$	1,849,252	$	1,227,613	$	9,508,039
Total charge-offs	$	(748)	$	(2,585)	$	(3,928)	$	(9,158)	$	(2,464)	$	(6,506)	$	(12,977)	$	(38,366)
Total recoveries	$	31	$	417	$	830	$	1,917	$	541	$	1,584	$	3,671	$	8,991


	2024
	Term Loans												Revolving Loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior				Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand	$	144,084	$	115,113	$	101,483	$	80,688	$	47,378	$	67,103	$	577,746	$	1,133,595
Pass	142,872		107,764		96,068		60,244		44,645		56,393		529,737		1,037,723
OAEM	1,212		2,696		3,327		11,963		1,881		4,362		39,316		64,757
Substandard	—		4,653		2,088		8,481		852		6,348		8,693		31,115
Gross Charge-offs	—		(17)		(45)		(271)		(658)		(4,380)		(5,760)		(11,131)
Gross Recoveries	—		—		1		—		208		197		29		435
Commercial credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		11,718		11,718
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		11,718		11,718


Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		(251)		(251)
Gross Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		6		6
Equipment finance	256,015		129,463		41,842		—		—		—		—		427,320
Pass	255,572		128,560		40,779		—		—		—		—		424,911
OAEM	443		267		421		—		—		—		—		1,131
Substandard	—		636		642		—		—		—		—		1,278
Gross Charge-offs	(59)		(984)		(977)		—		—		—		—		(2,020)
Gross Recoveries	—		98		76		—		—		—		—		174


	2024
	Term Loans						Revolving Loans
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	Prior	Revolving Loans	Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand other	10,746	10,813	4,561	16,526	18,435	41,261	3,014	105,356
Pass	10,746	10,813	4,561	16,526	18,435	41,261	3,010	105,352
OAEM	—	—	—	—	—	—	4	4

Gross Charge-offs	—	—	—	—	—	—	(2,110)	(2,110)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	10	188	198
Construction other	54,109	195,536	136,010	62,890	7,030	18,766	1,026	475,367
Pass	54,109	195,536	134,812	61,379	7,030	18,766	1,026	472,658
OAEM	—	—	180	—	—	—	—	180
Substandard	—	—	1,018	1,511	—	—	—	2,529
Gross Charge-offs	—	—	(588)	(504)	—	—	—	(1,092)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	6	—	6
Construction residential	1,743	3,366	1,740	1,140	—	28	—	8,017
Pass	1,743	3,366	1,740	1,140	—	28	—	8,017


Gross Charge-offs	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Residential first lien	47,504	147,678	369,890	475,231	296,971	331,368	1,905	1,670,547
Pass	47,504	145,898	369,111	473,418	296,170	327,934	1,833	1,661,868
OAEM	—	—	—	255	345	625	72	1,297
Substandard	—	1,780	779	1,558	456	2,809	—	7,382
Gross Charge-offs	—	(108)	(1)	(20)	(1)	(61)	—	(191)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	168	—	168
Residential junior lien/home equity	21,770	53,985	58,662	37,644	1,163	5,406	492,526	671,156
Pass	21,770	53,974	58,587	37,644	1,163	5,207	488,358	666,703

Substandard	—	11	75	—	—	199	4,168	4,453
Gross Charge-offs	—	—	(1)	—	—	—	(291)	(292)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	32	170	202
Multifamily	25,006	6,978	235,374	141,970	79,271	108,059	487	597,145
Pass	25,006	6,978	222,965	136,872	78,844	107,573	487	578,725
OAEM	—	—	12,409	5,098	427	412	—	18,346
Substandard	—	—	—	—	—	74	—	74
Gross Charge-offs	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Non-owner occupied	120,201	206,496	435,072	182,234	147,034	702,907	11,006	1,804,950
Pass	120,201	203,543	424,778	181,993	136,219	676,580	10,941	1,754,255
OAEM	—	—	10,294	241	1,641	9,693	—	21,869
Substandard	—	2,953	—	—	9,174	16,634	65	28,826
Gross Charge-offs	—	—	(50)	—	(3,761)	(3,327)	—	(7,138)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	—	—	59	—	59
Owner occupied	64,019	112,272	152,714	145,807	58,919	176,674	12,204	722,609
Pass	62,968	110,539	139,937	139,644	57,309	161,208	10,320	681,925
OAEM	—	876	7,002	6,129	198	4,260	1,830	20,295
Substandard	1,051	857	5,775	34	1,412	11,206	54	20,389
Gross Charge-offs	—	—	(141)	(136)	(1,050)	(163)	(50)	(1,540)
Gross Recoveries	—	—	—	28	—	49	41	118


	2024
	Term Loans												Revolving Loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Automobile and recreational vehicles	403,819		316,774		321,803		152,084		71,682		14,483		—		1,280,645
Pass	403,803		316,734		321,776		152,052		71,674		14,459		—		1,280,498

Substandard	16		40		27		32		8		24		—		147
Gross Charge-offs	(310)		(1,826)		(3,223)		(1,275)		(525)		(452)		—		(7,611)
Gross Recoveries	36		415		844		468		296		351		—		2,410
Consumer credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		9,865		9,865
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		9,865		9,865


Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		(428)		(428)
Gross Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		96		96
Consumer other	7,878		4,351		2,530		10,325		642		2,291		37,447		65,464
Pass	7,878		4,351		2,530		10,323		642		2,291		37,346		65,361

Substandard	—		—		—		2		—		—		101		103
Gross Charge-offs	(17)		(109)		(93)		(102)		(20)		(35)		(1,248)		(1,624)
Gross Recoveries	—		—		14		21		16		111		214		376
Total	$	1,156,894	$	1,302,825	$	1,861,681	$	1,306,539	$	728,525	$	1,468,346	$	1,158,944	$	8,983,754
Total charge-offs	$	(386)	$	(3,044)	$	(5,119)	$	(2,308)	$	(6,015)	$	(8,418)	$	(10,138)	$	(35,428)
Total recoveries	$	36	$	513	$	935	$	517	$	520	$	983	$	744	$	4,248

Portfolio Risks

The credit quality of our loan portfolio can potentially represent significant risk to our earnings, capital and liquidity. First Commonwealth devotes substantial resources to managing this risk primarily through our credit administration department that develops and administers policies and procedures for underwriting, maintaining, monitoring and collecting loans. Credit administration is independent of lending departments and oversight is provided by the Risk Committee of the First Commonwealth Board of Directors.

Total gross charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $38.4 million and $35.4 million, respectively.

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans by Segment

The following tables delineate the aging analysis of the recorded investments in past due loans as of December 31. Also included in these tables are loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing because they are well-secured and in the process of collection.


	2025
	30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days and greater and still accruing		Nonaccrual		Total past due and nonaccrual		Current		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	5,127	$	595	$	217	$	46,618	$	52,557	$	1,992,432	$	2,044,989
Time and demand	2,666		125		107		45,288		48,186		1,177,868		1,226,054
Commercial credit cards	75		32		—		—		107		11,301		11,408
Equipment finance	2,382		438		110		1,330		4,260		689,005		693,265
Time and demand other	4		—		—		—		4		114,258		114,262
Real estate construction	—		—		—		1,475		1,475		461,311		462,786
Construction other	—		—		—		1,475		1,475		414,061		415,536
Construction residential	—		—		—		—		—		47,250		47,250
Residential real estate	8,197		1,870		581		13,019		23,667		2,336,618		2,360,285
Residential first lien	5,054		1,456		317		8,364		15,191		1,615,828		1,631,019


	2025
	30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days and greater and still accruing		Nonaccrual		Total past due and nonaccrual		Current		Total
Residential junior lien/home equity	3,143		414		264		4,655		8,476		720,790		729,266
Commercial real estate	1,975		10,070		—		30,612		42,657		3,139,452		3,182,109
Multifamily	417		—		—		10		427		594,363		594,790
Non-owner occupied	534		10,070		—		14,156		24,760		1,809,256		1,834,016
Owner occupied	1,024		—		—		16,446		17,470		735,833		753,303
Loans to individuals	6,733		1,225		490		32		8,480		1,449,390		1,457,870
Automobile and recreational vehicles	6,262		1,022		168		30		7,482		1,379,713		1,387,195
Consumer credit cards	50		35		—		—		85		9,411		9,496
Consumer other	421		168		322		2		913		60,266		61,179
Total	$	22,032	$	13,760	$	1,288	$	91,756	$	128,836	$	9,379,203	$	9,508,039


	2024
	30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days and greater and still accruing		Nonaccrual		Total past due and nonaccrual		Current		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	2,379	$	1,544	$	26	$	14,987	$	18,936	$	1,659,053	$	1,677,989
Time and demand	649		1,126		26		14,181		15,982		1,117,613		1,133,595
Commercial credit cards	61		26		—		—		87		11,631		11,718
Equipment finance	1,659		392		—		806		2,857		424,463		427,320
Time and demand other	10		—		—		—		10		105,346		105,356
Real estate construction	—		—		—		2,529		2,529		480,855		483,384
Construction other	—		—		—		2,529		2,529		472,838		475,367
Construction residential	—		—		—		—		—		8,017		8,017
Residential real estate	5,677		1,659		1,588		11,587		20,511		2,321,192		2,341,703
Residential first lien	3,904		1,184		1,134		7,134		13,356		1,657,191		1,670,547
Residential junior lien/home equity	1,773		475		454		4,453		7,155		664,001		671,156
Commercial real estate	1,597		1,099		—		32,103		34,799		3,089,905		3,124,704
Multifamily	212		—		—		20		232		596,913		597,145
Non-owner occupied	72		742		—		24,550		25,364		1,779,586		1,804,950
Owner occupied	1,313		357		—		7,533		9,203		713,406		722,609
Loans to individuals	5,020		1,143		450		250		6,863		1,349,111		1,355,974
Automobile and recreational vehicles	4,667		930		149		147		5,893		1,274,752		1,280,645
Consumer credit cards	24		28		—		—		52		9,813		9,865
Consumer other	329		185		301		103		918		64,546		65,464
Total	$	14,673	$	5,445	$	2,064	$	61,456	$	83,638	$	8,900,116	$	8,983,754

Nonaccrual Loans

The previous tables summarize nonaccrual loans by loan segment. The Company generally places loans on nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, when part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred, or the loans reach a certain number of days past due. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status, except for consumer loans which are placed in nonaccrual status at 150 days past due. Consumer loans related to automobile and recreational vehicles are either charged off or repossessed at no later than 90 days past due.

When a loan is placed on nonaccrual, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and all future payments received are applied as a reduction to the loan principal. Generally, the loan is returned to accrual status when (a) all delinquent interest and principal become current under the terms of the loan agreement or (b) the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection and collectability is no longer in doubt.

Nonaccrual loans in the above tables include loans with government guarantees of $31.5 million at December 31, 2025 and $8.1 million at December 31, 2024.

Nonperforming Loans

Management considers loans to be nonperforming when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract, including scheduled interest payments. When management identifies a loan as nonperforming, the credit loss is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole source or repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of collateral. When the loan is collateral dependent, the appraised value less estimated cost to sell is utilized. If management determines the value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, a credit loss is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance for credit losses.

When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a nonperforming loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a nonperforming loan is not in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method.

There were no nonperforming loans held for sale at December 31, 2025 and 2024. There were no gains on nonperforming loans held for sale during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balance for nonperforming loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. Also presented are the average recorded investment in nonperforming loans and the related amount of interest recognized while the loan was considered nonperforming. Average balances are calculated based on month-end balances of the loans for the period reported and are included in the table below based on its period end allowance position.


	2025
	Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related specific allowance		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
	(dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	22,422	$	31,583			$	12,445	$	135
Time and demand	21,092		30,253				11,467		135
Equipment finance	1,330		1,330				978		—
Time and demand other	—		—				—		—
Real estate construction	1,475		1,475				1,986		106
Construction other	1,475		1,475				1,720		106
Construction residential	—		—				266		—
Residential real estate	11,874		13,678				11,664		125
Residential first lien	7,219		8,148				7,147		108
Residential junior lien/home equity	4,655		5,530				4,517		17
Commercial real estate	17,853		23,807				21,659		1,624
Multifamily	10		12				252		—
Non-owner occupied	8,799		12,879				12,854		1,425
Owner occupied	9,044		10,916				8,553		199
Loans to individuals	32		78				143		5
Automobile and recreational vehicles	30		62				122		5
Consumer other	2		16				21		—
Subtotal	53,656		70,621				47,897		1,995
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	24,196		34,249		$	6,959	23,517		—
Time and demand	24,196		34,249		6,959		23,517		—
Equipment finance	—		—		—		—		—
Time and demand other	—		—		—		—		—
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—
Construction other	—		—		—		—		—
Construction residential	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	1,145		1,160		162		888		—
Residential first lien	1,145		1,160		162		888		—
Residential junior lien/home equity	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate	12,759		12,871		2,715		6,871		—
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		—
Non-owner occupied	5,357		5,357		2,280		2,860		—
Owner occupied	7,402		7,514		435		4,011		—
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—
Automobile and recreational vehicles	—		—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	38,100		48,280		9,836		31,276		—
Total	$	91,756	$	118,901	$	9,836	$	79,173	$	1,995


	2024
	Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related specific allowance		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
	(dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	5,619	$	21,745			$	6,580	$	41
Time and demand	4,813		20,939				5,481		41
Equipment finance	806		806				1,099		—
Time and demand other	—		—				—		—
Real estate construction	2,529		2,581				4,498		—
Construction other	2,529		2,581				4,498		—
Construction residential	—		—				—		—
Residential real estate	8,875		10,524				8,360		133
Residential first lien	6,020		6,993				5,134		118
Residential junior lien/home equity	2,855		3,531				3,226		15
Commercial real estate	18,346		24,047				16,759		453
Multifamily	20		21				34		—
Non-owner occupied	16,948		22,372				15,657		173
Owner occupied	1,378		1,654				1,068		280
Loans to individuals	250		2,237				146		7
Automobile and recreational vehicles	147		2,080				135		7
Consumer other	103		157				11		—
Subtotal	35,619		61,134				36,343		634
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	9,368		10,459		$	4,724	5,378		71
Time and demand	9,368		10,459		4,724		5,378		71
Equipment finance	—		—		—		—		—
Time and demand other	—		—		—		—		—
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—
Construction other	—		—		—		—		—
Construction residential	—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	2,712		2,885		369		1,486		—
Residential first lien	1,114		1,113		47		205		—
Residential junior lien/home equity	1,598		1,772		322		1,281		—
Commercial real estate	13,757		15,058		2,872		11,092		—
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		—
Non-owner occupied	7,602		8,686		2,093		6,634		—
Owner occupied	6,155		6,372		779		4,458		—
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—
Automobile and recreational vehicles	—		—		—		—		—
Consumer other	—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	25,837		28,402		7,965		17,956		71
Total	$	61,456	$	89,536	$	7,965	$	54,299	$	705


	2023
	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
	(dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	7,895	$	143
Time and demand	7,569		143
Equipment finance	326		—
Time and demand other	—		—
Real estate construction	1,096		—
Construction other	1,096		—
Construction residential	—		—
Residential real estate	6,440		136
Residential first lien	3,760		129
Residential junior lien/home equity	2,680		7
Commercial real estate	20,715		260
Multifamily	37		—
Non-owner occupied	18,454		122
Owner occupied	2,224		138
Loans to individuals	365		7
Automobile and recreational vehicles	299		7
Consumer other	66		—
Subtotal	36,511		546
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	6,574		(16)
Time and demand	6,574		(16)
Equipment finance	—		—
Time and demand other	—		—
Real estate construction	—		—
Construction other	—		—
Construction residential	—		—
Residential real estate	1,183		—
Residential first lien	47		—
Residential junior lien/home equity	1,136		—
Commercial real estate	655		—
Multifamily	—		—
Non-owner occupied	397		—
Owner occupied	258		—
Loans to individuals	—		—
Automobile and recreational vehicles	—		—
Consumer other	—		—
Subtotal	8,412		(16)
Total	$	44,923	$	530

Unfunded commitments related to nonperforming loans were $0.2 million and $0.3 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. After consideration of the requirements to draw and available collateral related to these commitments, it was determined that no reserve was required for these commitments at December 31, 2025 or 2024.

Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

In accordance with ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" ("ASU 2022-02"), modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extensions or any combination thereof. When calculating the allowance for credit losses, these modifications are included in their respective loan segment and an allowance is determined by a loss given default and probability of default methodology

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of December 31:


	2025
	Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Payment Deferral		Term Extension and Payment Deferral		Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Deferral		Total		Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	—	$	—	$	2,522	$	989	$	—	$	3,511	0.17	%
Time and demand	—		—		2,522		864		—		3,386		0.28

Equipment finance	—		—		—		125		—		125		0.02




Residential real estate	—		—		24		2,370		—		2,394		0.10
Residential first lien	—		—		—		2,349		—		2,349		0.14
Residential junior lien/home equity	—		—		24		21		—		45		0.01
Commercial real estate	—		6,198		—		—		3,201		9,399		0.30

Non-owner occupied	—		6,198		—		—		3,201		9,399		0.51





Total	$	—	$	6,198	$	2,546	$	3,359	$	3,201	$	15,304	0.16	%


	2024
	Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Payment Deferral		Term Extension and Payment Deferral		Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Deferral		Total		Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	236	$	2,855	$	—	$	780	$	—	$	3,871	0.23	%
Time and demand	236		2,855		—		780		—		3,871		0.34



Real estate construction	—		180		—		—		—		180		0.04
Construction other	—		180		—		—		—		180		0.04

Residential real estate	—		160		96		1,565		—		1,821		0.08
Residential first lien	—		160		—		1,464		—		1,624		0.10
Residential junior lien/home equity	—		—		96		101		—		197		0.03
Commercial real estate	—		123		9,673		—		—		9,796		0.31

Non-owner occupied	—		123		—		—		—		123		0.01
Owner occupied	—		—		9,673		—		—		9,673		1.34
Loans to individuals	—		10		—		8		12		30		—
Automobile and recreational vehicles	—		10		—		8		12		30		—


Total	$	236	$	3,328	$	9,769	$	2,353	$	12	$	15,698	0.17	%


	2023
	Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Payment Deferral		Term Extension and Payment Deferral		Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Deferral		Total		Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	50	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	50	—	%
Time and demand	50		—		—		—		—		50		—






Residential real estate	21		303		—		434		—		758		0.03
Residential first lien	21		303		—		434		—		758		0.04

Commercial real estate	—		—		9,663		—		—		9,663		0.32


Owner occupied	—		—		9,663		—		—		9,663		1.33




Total	$	71	$	303	$	9,663	$	434	$	—	$	10,471	0.12	%

The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of December 31:


	2025
	Rate Reduction		Term Extension (Years)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Deferral (Years)
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	—	%	1.4	$	—	0.5
Time and demand	—		1.3	—		0.5

Equipment finance	—		2.4	—		0.5




Residential real estate	—		1.0	—		0.5
Residential first lien	—		1.0	—		0.5
Residential junior lien/home equity	—		2.1	—		0.5
Commercial real estate	4.00		0.8	—		0.8

Non-owner occupied	4.00		0.8	—		0.8





Total	4.00	%	0.9	$	—	0.6


	2024
	Rate Reduction		Term Extension (Years)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Deferral (Years)
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	1.86	%	1.9	$	—	1.0
Time and demand	1.86		1.9	—		1.0



Real estate construction	—		10.0	—		0.0
Construction other	—		10.0	—		0.0

Residential real estate	—		3.5	—		0.8
Residential first lien	—		3.4	—		0.9
Residential junior lien/home equity	—		4.0	—		0.7
Commercial real estate	—		0.9	—		0.4

Non-owner occupied	—		0.9	—		0.0
Owner occupied	—		0.0	—		0.4
Loans to individuals	2.39		2.6	—		0.4
Automobile and recreational vehicles	2.39		2.6	—		0.4


Total	1.89	%	2.6	$	—	0.5


	2023
	Rate Reduction		Term Extension (Years)	Principal Forgiveness		Payment Deferral (Years)
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	4.00	%	0.0	$	—	0.0
Time and demand	4.00		0.0	—		0.0






Residential real estate	2.25		3.1	—		0.5
Residential first lien	2.25		3.1	—		0.5

Commercial real estate	—		0.0	—		0.5


Owner occupied	—		0.0	—		0.5




Total	3.49	%	3.1	$	—	0.5

A modification is considered to be in default when the loan is 90 days or more past due. The following table shows modifications considered to be in default as of December 31:


	2025			2024
	Number of Contracts	Balance		Number of Contracts	Balance
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	1	$	2,522	—	$	—
Time and demand	1	2,522		—	—






Residential real estate	2	321		2	179
Residential first lien	2	321		2	179









Total	3	$	2,843	2	$	179

The following tables shows the payment status of loans that have been modified in the last twelve months prior to December 31:


	2025
	Current		30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days or greater and still accruing		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	989	$	—	$	—	$	2,522	$	3,511
Time and demand	864		—		—		2,522		3,386

Equipment finance	125		—		—		—		125




Residential real estate	227		1,823		23		321		2,394
Residential first lien	182		1,823		23		321		2,349
Residential junior lien/home equity	45		—		—		—		45
Commercial real estate	9,399		—		—		—		9,399

Non-owner occupied	9,399		—		—		—		9,399





Total	$	10,615	$	1,823	$	23	$	2,843	$	15,304


	2024
	Current		30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days or greater and still accruing		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	3,871	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,871
Time and demand	3,871		—		—		—		3,871



Real estate construction	180		—		—		—		180
Construction other	180		—		—		—		180

Residential real estate	1,455		88		99		179		1,821
Residential first lien	1,258		88		99		179		1,624
Residential junior lien/home equity	197		—		—		—		197
Commercial real estate	9,796		—		—		—		9,796

Non-owner occupied	123		—		—		—		123
Owner occupied	9,673		—		—		—		9,673
Loans to individuals	30		—		—		—		30
Automobile and recreational vehicles	30		—		—		—		30


Total	$	15,332	$	88	$	99	$	179	$	15,698

The following tables provide detail related to the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31.


	2025
	Beginning balance		Allowance for credit loss on PCD acquired loans		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (credit)a		Ending balance
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	29,131	$	1,616	$	(20,252)	$	5,118	$	22,536	$	38,149
Time and demand	19,433		1,616		(16,182)		4,223		13,133		22,223
Commercial credit cards	182		—		(302)		35		262		177
Equipment finance	7,844		—		(2,288)		626		7,956		14,138
Time and demand other	1,672		—		(1,480)		234		1,185		1,611
Real estate construction	6,030		810		(1,294)		—		2,262		7,808
Construction other	5,916		182		(732)		—		1,752		7,118
Construction residential	114		628		(562)		—		510		690
Residential real estate	22,396		45		(745)		234		(301)		21,629
Residential first lien	15,758		38		(501)		66		(305)		15,056
Residential junior lien/home equity	6,638		7		(244)		168		4		6,573
Commercial real estate	40,232		1,087		(7,188)		217		5,923		40,271
Multifamily	5,431		120		(766)		—		743		5,528
Non-owner occupied	23,332		943		(4,770)		148		5,212		24,865
Owner occupied	11,469		24		(1,652)		69		(32)		9,878
Loans to individuals	21,117		2		(8,887)		3,422		2,257		17,911
Automobile and recreational vehicles	18,693		1		(7,025)		2,992		301		14,962
Consumer credit cards	341		—		(346)		79		399		473
Consumer other	2,083		1		(1,516)		351		1,557		2,476
Total	$	118,906	$	3,560	$	(38,366)	$	8,991	$	32,677	$	125,768

a) The provision (credit) shown here includes the day 1 provision on non-PCD loans acquired from Center and excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.


	2024
	Beginning balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (credit)a		Ending balance
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	27,996	$	(15,512)	$	813	$	15,834	$	29,131
Time and demand	22,819		(11,131)		435		7,310		19,433
Commercial credit cards	278		(251)		6		149		182
Equipment finance	3,399		(2,020)		174		6,291		7,844
Time and demand other	1,500		(2,110)		198		2,084		1,672
Real estate construction	7,418		(1,092)		6		(302)		6,030
Construction other	6,448		(1,092)		6		554		5,916
Construction residential	970		—		—		(856)		114
Residential real estate	23,901		(483)		370		(1,392)		22,396
Residential first lien	16,975		(191)		168		(1,194)		15,758
Residential junior lien/home equity	6,926		(292)		202		(198)		6,638
Commercial real estate	37,071		(8,678)		177		11,662		40,232
Multifamily	5,233		—		—		198		5,431
Non-owner occupied	19,995		(7,138)		59		10,416		23,332
Owner occupied	11,843		(1,540)		118		1,048		11,469
Loans to individuals	21,332		(9,663)		2,882		6,566		21,117
Automobile and recreational vehicles	19,142		(7,611)		2,410		4,752		18,693
Consumer credit cards	372		(428)		96		301		341
Consumer other	1,818		(1,624)		376		1,513		2,083
Total	$	117,718	$	(35,428)	$	4,248	$	32,368	$	118,906

a) The provision (credit) shown here excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.


	2023
	Beginning balance		Allowance for credit loss on PCD acquired loans		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (credit)a		Ending balance
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	22,650	$	19,417	$	(19,199)	$	498	$	4,630	$	27,996
Time and demand	20,040		19,417		(16,147)		260		(751)		22,819
Commercial credit cards	335		—		(105)		13		35		278
Equipment finance	1,086		—		(537)		—		2,850		3,399
Time and demand other	1,189		—		(2,410)		225		2,496		1,500
Real estate construction	8,822		287		—		—		(1,691)		7,418
Construction other	6,360		227		—		—		(139)		6,448
Construction residential	2,462		60		—		—		(1,552)		970
Residential real estate	21,412		527		(561)		247		2,276		23,901
Residential first lien	14,822		197		(246)		177		2,025		16,975
Residential junior lien/home equity	6,590		330		(315)		70		251		6,926
Commercial real estate	28,804		6,971		(6,277)		151		7,422		37,071
Multifamily	4,726		234		—		—		273		5,233
Non-owner occupied	16,426		2,739		(4,705)		127		5,408		19,995
Owner occupied	7,652		3,998		(1,572)		24		1,741		11,843
Loans to individuals	21,218		3		(7,230)		2,219		5,122		21,332
Automobile and recreational vehicles	18,819		3		(5,587)		1,832		4,075		19,142
Consumer credit cards	412		—		(290)		87		163		372
Consumer other	1,987		—		(1,353)		300		884		1,818
Total	$	102,906	$	27,205	$	(33,267)	$	3,115	$	17,759	$	117,718

a) The provision (credit) shown here includes the day 1 provision on non-PCD loans acquired from Centric and excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.

Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses


	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	2,044,989	$	1,677,989
Time and demand	1,226,054		1,133,595
Commercial credit cards	11,408		11,718
Equipment finance	693,265		427,320
Time and demand other	114,262		105,356
Real estate construction	462,786		483,384
Construction other	415,536		475,367
Construction residential	47,250		8,017
Residential real estate	2,360,285		2,341,703
Residential first lien	1,631,019		1,670,547
Residential junior lien/home equity	729,266		671,156
Commercial real estate	3,182,109		3,124,704
Multifamily	594,790		597,145
Non-owner occupied	1,834,016		1,804,950
Owner occupied	753,303		722,609
Loans to individuals	1,457,870		1,355,974
Automobile and recreational vehicles	1,387,195		1,280,645
Consumer credit cards	9,496		9,865
Consumer other	61,179		65,464
Total loans and leases	$	9,508,039	$	8,983,754