First Commonwealth is a party to interest rate derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivatives relate to interest rate swaps that First Commonwealth enters into with customers to allow customers to convert variable rate loans to a fixed rate. First Commonwealth pays interest to the customer at a floating rate on the notional amount and receives interest from the customer at a fixed rate for the same notional amount. At the same time the interest rate swap is entered into with the customer, an offsetting interest rate swap is entered into with another financial institution. First Commonwealth pays the other financial institution interest at the same fixed rate on the same notional amount as the swap entered into with the customer, and receives interest from the financial institution for the same floating rate on the same notional amount.

The changes in the fair value of the swaps offset each other, except for the credit risk of the counterparties, which is determined by taking into consideration the risk rating, probability of default and loss given default for all counterparties.

We have 21 risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans in which we are a participant. The risk participation agreements provide credit protection to the financial institution should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with the financial institution. We have 20 risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans in which we are the lead bank. The risk participation agreement provides credit protection to us should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with us.

First Commonwealth is also party to interest rate caps and collars that are not designated as hedging instruments. The interest rate caps relate to contracts that First Commonwealth enters into with loan customers that provide a maximum interest rate on their variable rate loan. At the same time the interest rate cap is entered into with the customer, First Commonwealth enters into an offsetting interest rate cap with another financial institution. The notional amount and maximum interest rate on both interest cap contracts are identical. The interest rate collars relate to contracts that First Commonwealth enters into with loan customers that provides both a maximum and minimum interest rate on their variable rate loan. At the same time the interest rate collar is entered into with the customer, First Commonwealth enters into an offsetting interest rate collar with another financial institution. The notional amount and the maximum and minimum interest rates on both interest collar contracts are identical.

The Company also enters into interest rate lock commitments in conjunction with its mortgage origination business. These are commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding and the customers have locked into that interest rate. The Company locks in the rate with an investor and commits to deliver the loan if settlement occurs (“best efforts”) or commits to deliver the locked loan in a binding (“mandatory”) delivery program with an investor. Loans under mandatory rate lock commitments are covered under forward sales contracts of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). Forward sales contracts of MBS are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in "Noninterest income" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact to noninterest income for the years ended December 31, 2025

Interest rate lock commitments and commitments to deliver loans to investors are considered derivatives. The market value of interest rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not readily ascertainable with precision because they are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. We determine the fair value of rate lock commitments and delivery contracts by measuring the fair value of the underlying asset, which is impacted by current interest rates and takes into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. At December 31, 2025, the underlying funded mortgage loan commitments had a carrying value of $19.5 million and a fair value of $21.5 million, while the underlying unfunded mortgage loan commitments had a notional amount of $48.1 million. At December 31, 2024, the underlying funded mortgage loan commitments had a carrying value of $8.3 million and a fair value of $9.6 million, while the underlying unfunded mortgage loan commitments had a notional amount of $60.9 million.

In August 2019, the Company entered into two interest rate swap contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges. One of the contracts, with a notional amount of $30.0 million, matured on August 15, 2024 and the other contract, with a notional amount of $40.0 million, matures on August 15, 2026. The Company's risk management objective for these hedges is to reduce its exposure to variability in expected future cash flows related to interest payments made on subordinated debentures. Initially these swaps were benchmarked to the 3-month LIBOR rate; however, as a result of the discontinuance of the LIBOR rate on June 30, 2023, both of the swap contracts were amended to hedge exposure to the variability of the 3-month Daily Simple SOFR. This change is in agreement with amendments made to the interest rate on the subordinated debentures as a result of the discontinuance of LIBOR. Therefore, the remaining interest rate swaps convert the interest rate benchmark on the first $40.0 million of 3-month SOFR based subordinated debentures to a fixed rate.

During 2021, the Company entered into eight interest rate swap contracts that were designated as cash flow hedges, of which $75.0 million matured during 2024 and $250.0 million matured during 2025. The remaining interest rate swaps have a total notional amount of $175.0 million with an original maturity of five years. The Company's risk management objective for these hedges was to reduce its exposure to variability in expected future cash flows related to interest payments on commercial loans. Initially these swaps were benchmarked to the 1-month LIBOR rate; however, as a result of the discontinuance of the LIBOR rate on June 30, 2023, these swaps were amended to hedge exposure to the variability of the 1-month Daily Simple SOFR rate compounded in arrears. Therefore, the remaining interest rate swaps convert the interest payments on the first $175.0 million of 1-month Daily Simple SOFR based commercial loans into fixed rate payments. The following table provides the notional amount of interest rate swap contracts and their maturity date.

The periodic net settlement of these interest rate swaps are recorded as an adjustment to "Interest on subordinated debentures" or "Interest and fees on loans" in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, net interest income decreased $9.7 million, $20.1 million, and $19.0 million, respectively, as a result of these interest rate swaps. Changes in the fair value of the cash flow hedges are reported on the balance sheet and in OCI. When the cash flows associated with the hedged item are realized, the gain or loss included in OCI is recognized in "Interest on subordinated debentures" or "Interest and fees on loans," in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the same line item as the income or expense on the hedged items. The cash flow hedges were highly effective at December 31, 2025 and changes in the fair value attributed to hedge ineffectiveness were not material.

The following table depicts the credit value adjustments recorded relative to the notional amount of derivatives outstanding as well as the notional amount of risk participation agreements participated to other banks at December 31:


	2025		2024
	(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Credit value adjustment	$	(185)	$	(59)
Notional Amount:
Interest rate derivatives	1,000,541		966,978
Interest rate caps	50,525		28,950
Interest rate collars	2,022		524
Risk participation agreements	158,646		179,959
Sold credit protection on risk participation agreements	(151,858)		(151,079)
Interest rate options	48,143		60,934
Interest rate forwards:
Fair value adjustment	(133)		398
Notional Amount	49,000		60,000
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest rate swaps:
Fair value adjustment	(766)		(10,754)
Notional Amount	215,000		465,000

The table below presents the change in the fair value of derivative assets and derivative liabilities attributable to credit risk or fair value changes included in “Other income”, "Other expense", "Interest on subordinated debentures" or "Interest and fees on loans" in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31:


	2025		2024		2023
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
Increase in other income	$	185	$	218	$	922

Non-hedging interest rate forwards:
(Decrease) increase in other income	(531)		750		(415)
Hedging interest rate derivatives:
Decrease in interest and fees on loans	(10,898)		(22,503)		(21,647)
Decrease in interest from subordinated debentures	(1,220)		(2,369)		(2,658)