Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Borrowings

BORROWINGS

The following table summarizes the Corporation's borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Federal funds purchased	$	171,560	$	—
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	167,413	$	181,577
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	823,674		334,055
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings	151,298		118,618
Total Borrowings	$	1,313,945	$	634,250

The Level One acquisition contributed to the increase in borrowings due to the assumption of $160.0 million of Federal Home Loan Bank advances and $32.6 million of subordinated debentures. Additional details regarding the acquisition are discussed within NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of the these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Securities sold under repurchase agreements consist of obligations of the Bank to other parties and are secured by U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprise obligations. The maximum amount of outstanding agreements at any month-end during 2022 and 2021 totaled $218.9 million and $199.1 million, respectively, and the average of such agreements totaled $185.1 million and $173.8 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Transfers Accounted For As Secured Borrowings

The collateral pledged for all repurchase agreements that are accounted for as secured borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were:

	December 31, 2022
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater Than 90 Days		Total
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	$	167,413	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	167,413

	December 31, 2021
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater Than 90 Days		Total
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	$	181,577	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	181,577

Contractual maturities of borrowings as of December 31, 2022, are as follows:

Maturities in Years Ending December 31:	Federal Funds Purchased		Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements		Federal Home Loan Bank Advances		Subordinated Debentures and Term Loans
2023	$	171,560	$	167,413	$	460,097	$	1,183
2024	—		—		60,097		—
2025	—		—		25,097		—
2026	—		—		97		—
2027	—		—		200,096		—
After 2027	—		—		78,190		152,012
ASC 805 fair value adjustments at acquisition	—		—		—		(1,897)
	$	171,560	$	167,413	$	823,674	$	151,298

The terms of a security agreement with the FHLB require the Corporation to pledge, as collateral for advances, qualifying first mortgage loans, investment securities and multi-family loans in an amount equal to at least 145 percent of these advances depending on the type of collateral pledged. At December 31, 2022, the outstanding FHLB advances had interest rates from 0.35 to 4.92 percent and are subject to restrictions or penalties in the event of prepayment. The total available remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB at December 31, 2022, was $617.6 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Corporation had $95.0 million of putable advances with the FHLB.

Subordinated Debentures and Term Loans. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, subordinated debentures and term loans totaled $151.3 million and $118.6 million, respectively.

•First Merchants Capital Trust II ("FMC Trust II"). At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation had $41.7 million of subordinated debentures issued to FMC Trust II, a wholly-owned statutory business trust. FMC Trust II was formed in July 2007 for purposes of issuing trust preferred securities to investors. At that time, it simultaneously issued and sold its common securities to the Corporation, which constituted all of the issued and outstanding common securities of FMC Trust II. The subordinated debentures, which were purchased with the proceeds of the sale of the trust’s capital securities, are the sole assets of FMC Trust II and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Corporation. The subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities bear interest at a variable rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 1.56 percent, with interest and dividend payments being made on a quarterly basis. The interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 6.33 percent and 1.76 percent, respectively. The trust preferred securities are currently redeemable at par and without penalty, subject to the Corporation having first redeemed the related subordinated debentures, with the prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies. The trust preferred securities and the subordinated debentures of FMC Trust II will mature on September 15, 2037. The Corporation continues to hold all outstanding common securities of FMC Trust II. See “Replacement of LIBOR Benchmark” below for information relating to changes impacting the interest and dividends payable upon the trust preferred securities and subordinated debentures after June 30, 2023.

•Ameriana Capital Trust I. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation had $10.3 million of subordinated debentures issued to Ameriana Capital Trust I. On December 31, 2015, the Corporation acquired Ameriana Capital Trust I in conjunction with its acquisition of Ameriana Bancorp, Inc. With a trust preferred structure substantially similar to that described above for FMC Trust II, the subordinated debentures held by Ameriana Capital Trust I were purchased with the proceeds of the sale of the trust’s capital securities. The subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities bear interest at a variable rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 1.50 percent, with interest and dividend payments being made on a quarterly basis. The interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 6.27 percent and 1.70 percent, respectively. The trust preferred securities of Ameriana Capital Trust I are currently redeemable at par and without penalty, subject to the Corporation having first redeemed the related subordinated debentures, with the prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies. The trust preferred securities and the subordinated debentures of Ameriana Capital Trust I will mature in March 2036. The Corporation continues to hold all of the outstanding common securities of Ameriana Capital Trust I. See “Replacement of LIBOR Benchmark” below for information relating to changes impacting the interest and dividends payable upon the trust preferred securities and subordinated debentures after June 30, 2023.

•First Merchants Senior Notes and Subordinated Notes. On November 1, 2013, the Corporation completed the private issuance and sale to four institutional investors of an aggregate of $70 million of debt comprised of (a) 5.00 percent Fixed-to-Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2028 in the aggregate principal amount of $5 million (the "Senior Debt") and (b) 6.75 percent Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2028 in the aggregate principal amount of $65 million (the "Subordinated Debt"). The interest rate on the Senior Debt and Subordinated Debt remains fixed for the first ten (10) years and will become floating thereafter. Once the rates convert to floating on October 30, 2023, the Senior Debt will have an annual floating rate equal to the three-month forward-looking term Secured Overnight Financing Rate, as administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited (“CME Term SOFR”), adjusted by the relevant spread adjustment (which is 0.26161 percent for a three-month tenor), plus 2.345 percent. The Subordinated Debt will have an annual floating rate equal to the three-month CME Term SOFR, plus the 0.26161 percent spread adjustment, plus 4.095 percent. See “Replacement of LIBOR Benchmark” below for additional information relating to the transition from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. The Corporation has an option to redeem the Subordinated Debt in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the redeemed Subordinated Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of the redemption. The option of redemption is subject to the approval of the Federal Reserve Board. The Corporation has an option to redeem the Senior Debt in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the redeemed Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of the redemption; provided, however, that no Subordinated Notes (as defined in the Issuing and Paying Agency Agreement) may remain outstanding subsequent to any early redemption of Senior Notes. The Subordinated Debt and the Senior Debt options to redeem begin with the interest payment date on October 30, 2023, or on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter. The Senior Debt agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties and financial and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Corporation was in compliance with these covenants.

•Level One Subordinated Notes. On April 1, 2022, the Corporation assumed certain subordinated notes in conjunction with its acquisition of Level One. The $30.0 million of subordinated notes issued on December 18, 2019 bear a fixed interest rate of 4.75 percent per annum, payable semiannually through December 18, 2024. The notes will bear a floating interest rate equal to the of three-month CME Term SOFR plus 3.11 percent, payable quarterly, after December 18, 2024 through maturity. The notes mature on December 18, 2029, and the Corporation has the option to redeem any or all of the subordinated notes without premium or penalty any time after December 18, 2024 or upon the occurrence of a Tier 2 capital event or tax event.

•Other Borrowings. On April 1, 2022, the Corporation acquired a secured borrowing in conjunction with its acquisition of Level One. The secured borrowing related to a certain loan participation sold by Level One that did not qualify for sales treatment. The secured borrowing bears a fixed rate of 1.00 percent and had a balance of $1.2 million as of December 31, 2022.

Replacement of LIBOR Benchmark

On March 15, 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (the “LIBOR Act”) was signed into law in response to the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, the authority regulating LIBOR, announcing that, among other things, the 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings would cease to exist after June 30, 2023. The LIBOR Act establishes a uniform national approach for replacing LIBOR in legacy contracts that do not provide for the use of a clearly defined replacement benchmark rate. As directed by the LIBOR Act, on December 16, 2022, the Federal Reserve issued a final rule setting forth regulations to implement the LIBOR Act, including establishing benchmark replacements based on the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”) for contracts governed by U.S. law that reference certain tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR (the overnight and one-, three-, six-, and 12-month tenors) and that do not have terms that provide for the use of a clearly defined and practicable replacement benchmark rate (“fallback provisions”) following the first London banking day after June 30, 2023.

As the subordinated debentures, the trust preferred securities, the Senior Notes and the Subordinated Notes discussed above do not have LIBOR fallback provisions, after June 30, 2023, the interest and dividends paid on those instruments will be based upon the CME Term SOFR, as the replacement benchmark, including a static spread adjustment for the appropriate tenor as provided by the LIBOR Act and related Federal Reserve regulations. The relevant spread adjustment for a three-month tenor is 0.26161 percent.