LOANS AND ALLOWANCE

The Corporation’s primary lending focus is small business and middle market commercial, commercial real estate and residential real estate, which results in portfolio diversification. The following tables show the composition of the loan portfolio, the allowance for loan losses and credit quality characteristics by collateral classification, excluding loans held for sale. Loans held for sale as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, were $3,022,000 and $7,216,000, respectively.

The following table illustrates the composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class for the periods indicated:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Commercial and industrial loans	$	1,655,569		$	1,493,493
Agricultural production financing and other loans to farmers	88,504			121,757
Real estate loans:
Construction	668,608			612,219
Commercial and farmland	2,699,629			2,562,691
Residential	965,893			962,765
Home equity	517,303			514,021
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	98,709			86,935
Lease financing receivables, net of unearned income	1,830			2,527
Other commercial loans	392,026			394,791
Loans	$	7,088,071		$	6,751,199
Allowance for loan losses	(78,406		)	(75,032		)
Net Loans	$	7,009,665		$	6,676,167

Allowance, Credit Quality and Loan Portfolio

The Corporation maintains an allowance for loan losses to cover probable credit losses identified during its loan review process. Management believes the allowance for loan losses is adequate to cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio at September 30, 2018. The process for determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is critical to the Corporation’s financial results. It requires management to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments to estimate the effect of uncertain matters. The allowance for loan losses considers current factors, including economic conditions and ongoing internal and external examinations, and will increase or decrease as deemed necessary to ensure it remains adequate. In addition, the allowance as a percentage of charge-offs and nonperforming loans will change at different points in time based on credit performance, portfolio mix and collateral values.

The allowance for loan losses is maintained through the provision for loan losses, which is a charge against earnings. The allowance is increased by provision expense and decreased by charge-offs less recoveries. All charge-offs are approved by the Bank's senior credit officers and in accordance with established policies. The Bank charges off a loan when a determination is made that all or a portion of the loan is uncollectable. The amount provided for loan losses in a given period may be greater than or less than net loan losses experienced during the period, and is based on management’s judgment as to the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. The determination of the provision amount is based on management’s ongoing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio, including an internally administered loan "watch" list and independent loan reviews. The evaluation takes into consideration identified credit problems, the possibility of losses inherent in the loan portfolio that are not specifically identified and management’s judgment as to the impact of the current environment and economic conditions on the portfolio.

The allowance consists of specific impairment reserves as required by ASC 310-10-35, a component for historical losses in accordance with ASC 450 and the consideration of current environmental factors in accordance with ASC 450. A loan is deemed impaired when, based on current information or events, it is probable that all amounts due of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected.

The historical loss allocation for loans not deemed impaired according to ASC 450 is the product of the volume of loans within the non-impaired criticized and non-criticized risk grade classifications, each segmented by call code, and the historical loss factor for each respective classification and call code segment. The historical loss factors are based upon actual loss experience within each risk and call code classification. The historical look back period for non-criticized loans looks to the most recent rolling-four-quarter average and aligns with the look back period for non-impaired criticized loans. Each of the rolling four quarter periods used to obtain the average, include all charge-offs for the previous twelve-month period, therefore the historical look back period includes seven quarters. The resulting allocation is reflective of current conditions. Criticized loans are grouped based on the risk grade assigned to the loan. Loans with a special mention grade are assigned a loss factor, and loans with a classified grade but not impaired are assigned a separate loss factor. The loss factor computation for this allocation includes a segmented historical loss migration analysis of risk grades to charge-off.

In addition to the specific reserves and historical loss components of the allowance, consideration is given to various environmental factors to ensure that losses inherent in the portfolio are reflected in the allowance for loan losses. The environmental component adjusts the historical loss allocations for non-impaired loans to reflect relevant current conditions that, in management's opinion, have an impact on loss recognition. Environmental factors that management reviews in the analysis include: national and local economic trends and conditions; trends in growth in the loan portfolio and growth in higher risk areas; levels of, and trends in, delinquencies and non-accruals; experience and depth of lending management and staff; adequacy of, and adherence to, lending policies and procedures including those for underwriting; industry concentrations of credit; and adequacy of risk identification systems and controls through the internal loan review and internal audit processes.

In conformance with ASC 805 and ASC 820, purchased loans are recorded at the acquisition date fair value. Such loans are included in the allowance to the extent a specific impairment is identified that exceeds the fair value adjustment on an impaired loan or the historical loss and environmental factor analysis indicates losses inherent in a purchased portfolio exceeds the fair value adjustment on the portion of the purchased portfolio not deemed impaired.

The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for loan losses by loan segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Residential			Finance Leases		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Balances, June 30, 2018	$	31,465		$	27,731		$	3,921		$	14,424		$	2	$	77,543
Provision for losses	256			410			159			575					1,400
Recoveries on loans	658			306			46			165					1,175
Loans charged off	(313		)	(501		)	(194		)	(704		)			(1,712		)
Balances, September 30, 2018	$	32,066		$	27,946		$	3,932		$	14,460		$	2	$	78,406



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Residential			Finance Leases		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Balances, December 31, 2017	$	30,418		$	27,343		$	3,732		$	13,537		$	2	$	75,032
Provision for losses	1,567			1,448			493			2,055					5,563
Recoveries on loans	2,060			1,858			233			915					5,066
Loans charged off	(1,979		)	(2,703		)	(526		)	(2,047		)			(7,255		)
Balances, September 30, 2018	$	32,066		$	27,946		$	3,932		$	14,460		$	2	$	78,406



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Residential			Finance Leases		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Balances, June 30, 2017	$	28,906		$	25,236		$	3,372		$	12,955		$	2	$	70,471
Provision for losses	921			374			342			446					2,083
Recoveries on loans	324			1,327			51			157					1,859
Loans charged off	(468		)	(190		)	(174		)	(227		)			(1,059		)
Balances, September 30, 2017	$	29,683		$	26,747		$	3,591		$	13,331		$	2	$	73,354



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Residential			Finance Leases		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Balances, December 31, 2016	$	27,696		$	23,661		$	2,923		$	11,755		$	2	$	66,037
Provision for losses	2,279			2,023			877			2,164					7,343
Recoveries on loans	987			2,066			253			547					3,853
Loans charged off	(1,279		)	(1,003		)	(462		)	(1,135		)			(3,879		)
Balances, September 30, 2017	$	29,683		$	26,747		$	3,591		$	13,331		$	2	$	73,354

The tables below show the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses and loan portfolio by loan segment as of the periods indicated. There was no related allowance for loan losses for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.



	September 30, 2018
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Consumer		Residential		Finance Leases		Total
Allowance Balances:
Individually evaluated for impairment							$	433			$	433
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	32,066	$	27,946	$	3,932	14,027		$	2	77,973
Total Allowance for Loan Losses	$	32,066	$	27,946	$	3,932	$	14,460	$	2	$	78,406
Loan Balances:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,614	$	12,158	$	8	$	2,219			$	15,999
Collectively evaluated for impairment	2,132,193		3,340,898		98,701		1,479,371		$	1,830	7,052,993
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	2,292		15,181				1,606				19,079
Loans	$	2,136,099	$	3,368,237	$	98,709	$	1,483,196	$	1,830	$	7,088,071



	December 31, 2017
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Consumer		Residential		Finance Leases		Total
Allowance Balances:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	666	$	567			$	404			$	1,637
Collectively evaluated for impairment	29,752		26,776		$	3,732	13,133		$	2	73,395
Total Allowance for Loan Losses	$	30,418	$	27,343	$	3,732	$	13,537	$	2	$	75,032
Loan Balances:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	3,345	$	17,432	$	5	$	2,429			$	23,211
Collectively evaluated for impairment	2,005,275		3,135,481		86,930		1,472,821		$	2,527	6,703,034
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	1,421		21,997				1,536				24,954
Loans	$	2,010,041	$	3,174,910	$	86,935	$	1,476,786	$	2,527	$	6,751,199

Loans individually evaluated for impairment are comprised of commercial and consumer loans deemed impaired in accordance with ASC 310-10 and include loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality totaling $1,568,000 and $315,000 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The risk characteristics of the Corporation’s material portfolio segments are as follows:

Commercial

Commercial lending is primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the tangible assets being financed such as equipment or real estate or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee. Other loans may be unsecured, secured but under-collateralized or otherwise made on the basis of the enterprise value of an organization. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.

Commercial real estate

These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied loans.

Consumer and Residential

With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are typically owner occupied, the Corporation generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences, and consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Repayment on loans secured by 1-4 family residences can be impacted by changes in property values. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.

Loans are reclassified to a non-accruing status when, in management’s judgment, the collateral value and financial condition of the borrower do not justify accruing interest. When the interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against earnings when considered uncollectable. Payments subsequently received on non-accrual loans are applied to principal. A loan is returned to accrual status when principal and interest are no longer past due and collectability is probable, typically after a minimum of six consecutive months of performance. Payments received on impaired accruing or delinquent loans are applied to interest income as accrued.

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s non-accrual loans by loan class as of the periods indicated:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Commercial and industrial loans	$	2,287	$	3,275
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	640		1,027
Real estate loans:
Construction	764		65
Commercial and farmland	10,406		12,951
Residential	5,140		9,444
Home equity	1,126		1,928
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	58		34
Total	$	20,421	$	28,724

Impaired loans include loans deemed impaired according to the guidance set forth in ASC 310-10. Commercial loans under $500,000 and consumer loans, with the exception of troubled debt restructures, are not individually evaluated for impairment.

Allowable methods for determining the amount of impairment include estimating fair value using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans. If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method for measuring the amount of impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. Fair value on other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.

The following tables show the composition of the Corporation’s impaired loans, related allowance and interest income recognized while impaired by loan class as of the periods indicated:



	September 30, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	6,133	$	974
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	660		640
Real estate Loans:
Construction	1,352		614
Commercial and farmland	13,717		11,544
Residential	81		62
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	8		8
Total	$	21,951	$	13,842
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Real estate Loans:
Residential	$	1,849	$	1,794	$	357
Home equity	382		363		76
Total	$	2,231	$	2,157	$	433
Total Impaired Loans	$	24,182	$	15,999	$	433



	December 31, 2017
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	7,611	$	1,536
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	732		700
Real estate Loans:
Commercial and farmland	16,758		15,162
Residential	833		519
Home equity	40		8
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	5		5
Total	$	25,979	$	17,930
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	812	$	782	$	552
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	357		327		114
Real estate Loans:
Commercial and farmland	2,989		2,270		567
Residential	1,616		1,572		327
Home equity	349		330		77
Total	$	6,123	$	5,281	$	1,637
Total Impaired Loans	$	32,102	$	23,211	$	1,637



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	979			$	994
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	640				640
Real estate Loans:
Construction	614				930
Commercial and farmland	12,098		$	40	12,733		$	128
Residential	62		1		63		2
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	9				10
Total	$	14,402	$	41	$	15,370	$	130
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Real estate Loans:
Residential	$	1,797	$	13	$	1,812	$	37
Home equity	364		3		367		8
Total	$	2,161	$	16	$	2,179	$	45
Total Impaired Loans	$	16,563	$	57	$	17,549	$	175



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	2,103			$	4,567
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	945				945
Real estate Loans:
Commercial and farmland	14,129		$	89	15,483		$	267
Residential	588				673		2
Home equity	11				16
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	6				7
Total	$	17,782	$	89	$	21,691	$	269
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	1,796			$	1,796
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	337				337
Real estate Loans:
Commercial and farmland	3,359				3,374
Residential	1,403		$	8	1,395		$	25
Home equity	331		2		334		6
Total	$	7,226	$	10	$	7,236	$	31
Total Impaired Loans	$	25,008	$	99	$	28,927	$	300

Impaired loans in the above tables do not include loans accounted for under ASC 310-30, or any other loan, unless deemed impaired in accordance with ASC 310-10.

As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Corporation's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to: (i) the level of criticized commercial loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) non-performing loans, (iv) covenant failures and (v) the general national and local economic conditions.

The Corporation utilizes a risk grading of pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss to assess the overall credit quality of large commercial loans. All large commercial credit grades are reviewed at a minimum of once a year for pass grade loans. Loans with grades below pass are reviewed more frequently depending on the grade. A description of the general characteristics of these grades is as follows:


•	Pass - Loans that are considered to be of acceptable credit quality.

•

Special Mention - Loans which possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness, which deserves close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Corporation's credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Corporation to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. The key distinctions of this category's classification are that it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk; and weaknesses are considered “potential”, not “defined”, impairments to the primary source of repayment. Examples include businesses that may be suffering from inadequate management, loss of key personnel or significant customer or litigation.

•

Substandard - A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Other characteristics may include:



	o	the likelihood that a loan will be paid from the primary source of repayment is uncertain or financial deterioration is underway and very close attention is warranted to ensure that the loan is collected without loss,



	o	the primary source of repayment is gone, and the Corporation is forced to rely on a secondary source of repayment, such as collateral liquidation or guarantees,



	o	loans have a distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected,



	o	unusual courses of action are needed to maintain a high probability of repayment,



	o	the borrower is not generating enough cash flow to repay loan principal; however, it continues to make interest payments,



	o	the Corporation is forced into a subordinated or unsecured position due to flaws in documentation,



	o	loans have been restructured so that payment schedules, terms and collateral represent concessions to the borrower when compared to the normal loan terms,



	o	the Corporation is seriously contemplating foreclosure or legal action due to the apparent deterioration of the loan, and



	o	there is significant deterioration in market conditions to which the borrower is highly vulnerable.

•

Doubtful - Loans that have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. However, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values, these weaknesses make full collection of principal highly questionable and improbable. Other credit characteristics may include considerable doubt as to the quality of the secondary sources of repayment. The possibility of loss is high, but because of certain important pending factors that may strengthen the loan, loss classification is deferred until the exact status of repayment is known.


•	Loss – Loans that are considered uncollectable and of such little value that continuing to carry them as an asset is not warranted. Loans will be classified as Loss when it is neither practical not desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future.

The following tables summarize the credit quality of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by loan class for the periods indicated. Consumer non-performing loans include accruing consumer loans 90-days or more delinquent and consumer non-accrual loans. The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified date. Loans that evidenced deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected are included in the applicable categories below.



	September 30, 2018
	Commercial Pass		Commercial Special Mention		Commercial Substandard		Commercial Doubtful	Commercial Loss	Consumer Performing		Consumer Non-Performing		Total
Commercial and industrial loans	$	1,587,560	$	18,085	$	49,924							$	1,655,569
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	68,556		7,144		12,804								88,504
Real estate Loans:
Construction	629,244		2,533		10,200				$	26,494	$	137	668,608
Commercial and farmland	2,551,541		67,043		78,694				2,350		1		2,699,629
Residential	175,315		5,119		2,377				778,086		4,996		965,893
Home equity	25,435		750		387				489,631		1,100		517,303
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures									98,600		109		98,709
Lease financing receivables, net of unearned income	1,830												1,830
Other commercial loans	391,673				353								392,026
Loans	$	5,431,154	$	100,674	$	154,739			$	1,395,161	$	6,343	$	7,088,071



	December 31, 2017
	Commercial Pass		Commercial Special Mention		Commercial Substandard		Commercial Doubtful		Commercial Loss		Consumer Performing		Consumer Non-Performing		Total
Commercial and industrial loans	$	1,418,401	$	51,336	$	23,386	$	370							$	1,493,493
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	73,800		27,502		20,018		387		$	50					121,757
Real estate Loans:
Construction	587,906		828		981						$	22,374	$	130	612,219
Commercial and farmland	2,408,329		70,074		79,769		1,536				2,980		3		2,562,691
Residential	185,725		4,376		4,209		114				759,900		8,441		962,765
Home equity	28,554		457		286						482,661		2,063		514,021
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures											86,875		60		86,935
Lease financing receivables, net of unearned income	2,527														2,527
Other commercial loans	394,222				569										394,791
Loans	$	5,099,464	$	154,573	$	129,218	$	2,407	$	50	$	1,354,790	$	10,697	$	6,751,199

The tables below show a past due aging of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Non-Accrual		Total Past Due & Non-Accrual		Total
Commercial and industrial loans	$	1,649,538	$	3,344	$	400			$	2,287	$	6,031	$	1,655,569
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	87,864								640		640		88,504
Real estate loans:
Construction	667,142				702				764		1,466		668,608
Commercial and farmland	2,683,494		1,859		3,870				10,406		16,135		2,699,629
Residential	955,383		4,873		497				5,140		10,510		965,893
Home equity	513,936		1,506		735				1,126		3,367		517,303
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	98,044		394		163		$	50	58		665		98,709
Lease financing receivables, net of unearned income	1,830												1,830
Other commercial loans	392,026												392,026
Loans	$	7,049,257	$	11,976	$	6,367	$	50	$	20,421	$	38,814	$	7,088,071



	December 31, 2017
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Non-Accrual		Total Past Due & Non-Accrual		Total
Commercial and industrial loans	$	1,487,221	$	2,967	$	30			$	3,275	$	6,272	$	1,493,493
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers	120,720		10						1,027		1,037		121,757
Real estate loans:
Construction	610,896		1,193				$	65	65		1,323		612,219
Commercial and farmland	2,542,048		6,923		166		603		12,951		20,643		2,562,691
Residential	948,947		4,010		308		56		9,444		13,818		962,765
Home equity	510,362		1,372		184		175		1,928		3,659		514,021
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	85,744		298		834		25		34		1,191		86,935
Lease financing receivables, net of unearned income	2,527												2,527
Other commercial loans	394,791												394,791
Loans	$	6,703,256	$	16,773	$	1,522	$	924	$	28,724	$	47,943	$	6,751,199

See the information regarding the analysis of loan loss experience in the "LOAN QUALITY/PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES" section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included as Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

On occasion, borrowers experience declines in income and cash flow. As a result, these borrowers seek to reduce contractual cash outlays including debt payments. Concurrently, in an effort to preserve and protect its earning assets, specifically troubled loans, the Corporation works to maintain its relationship with certain customers who are experiencing financial difficulty by contractually modifying the borrower's debt agreement with the Corporation. In certain loan restructuring situations, the Corporation may grant a concession to a debtor experiencing financial difficulty, resulting in a trouble debt restructuring. A concession is deemed to be granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Corporation does not expect to collect all original amounts due, including interest accrued at the original contract rate. If the payment of principal at original maturity is primarily dependent on the value of collateral, the current value of the collateral is considered in determining whether the principal will be paid.

The following tables summarize troubled debt restructures in the Corporation's loan portfolio that occurred during the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Pre-Modification Recorded Balance		Post-Modification Recorded Balance		Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Recorded Balance		Post-Modification Recorded Balance		Number of Loans
Real estate loans:
Residential	$	154	$	140	4	$	490	$	487	11
Home equity	65		65		1	81		81		3
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures						7		8		1
Total	$	219	$	205	5	$	578	$	576	15



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Pre-Modification Recorded Balance		Post-Modification Recorded Balance		Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Recorded Balance		Post-Modification Recorded Balance		Number of Loans
Commercial and industrial loans	$	6	$	6	1	$	400	$	176	2
Real estate loans:
Commercial and farmland						357		492		6
Residential	120		122		1	570		520		8
Home equity	68		73		2	190		73		2
Total	$	194	$	201	4	$	1,517	$	1,261	18

The following tables summarize the recorded investment of troubled debt restructures as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, by modification type, that occurred during the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Term Modification	Rate Modification		Combination		Total Modification
Real estate loans:
Residential		$	47	$	93	$	140
Home equity		65				65
Total		$	112	$	93	$	205



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Term Modification		Rate Modification		Combination		Total Modification
Real estate loans:
Residential			$	208	$	239	$	447
Home Equity	$	77	76				153
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures			6				6
Total	$	77	$	290	$	239	$	606



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Term Modification		Rate Modification		Combination	Total Modification
Commercial and industrial loans	$	5				$	5
Real estate loans:
Residential			$	122		122
Home equity			73			73
Total	$	5	$	195		$	200



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Term Modification		Rate Modification		Combination		Total Modification
Commercial and industrial loans	$	5			$	168	$	173
Real estate loans:
Commercial and farmland	41		$	61	232		334
Residential			466		42		508
Home equity			73				73
Total	$	46	$	600	$	442	$	1,088

Loans secured by residential real estate made up 100 percent of the post-modification balance of troubled debt restructured loans made in the three months ended September 30, 2018. The same loan classification made up 99 percent of the post-modification balance of troubled debt restructured loans made in the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following tables summarize troubled debt restructures that occurred during the twelve months ended September 30, 2018 that subsequently defaulted during the period indicated and remained in default at period end. There were no troubled debt restructures that occurred during the twelve months ended September 30, 2017 that subsequently defaulted during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and remained in default at September 30, 2017. A loan is considered in default if it is 30 or more days past due.



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Number of Loans	Recorded Balance		Number of Loans	Recorded Balance
Real estate loans:
Commercial and farmland	1	$	262	1	$	262
Residential	2	83		4	152
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	1	11		1	11
Total	4	$	356	6	$	425

For potential consumer loan restructures, impairment evaluation occurs prior to modification. Any subsequent impairment is typically addressed through the charge-off process, or may be addressed through a specific reserve. Consumer troubled debt loan restructures are generally included in the general historical allowance for loan loss at the post modification balance. Consumer non-accrual and delinquent troubled debt loan restructures are also considered in the calculation of the non-accrual and delinquency trend environmental allowance allocation. Consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $1,045,000 and $2,302,000 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Commercial troubled debt restructured loans risk graded special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss are individually evaluated for impairment under ASC 310. Any resulting specific reserves are included in the allowance for loan losses. Commercial troubled debt loan restructures 30 - 89 days delinquent are included in the calculation of the delinquency trend environmental allocation in the allowance for loan losses. With the exception of the acquired loans excluded from the allowance for loan losses, all commercial non-impaired loans, including non-accrual and 90-days or more delinquent, are included in the ASC 450 loss estimate.