Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit

Note 5

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Deficit:

Common Stock

The Company’s common stock confer upon their holders the following rights:

▪ The right to participate and vote in the Company’s stockholder meetings, whether annual or special. Each share will entitle its holder, when attending and participating in the voting in person or via agent or letter, to one vote;

▪ The right to a share in the distribution of dividends, whether in cash or in the form of bonus shares, the distribution of assets or any other distribution pro rata to the par value of the shares held by them; and

▪ The right to a share in the distribution of the Company’s excess assets upon liquidation pro rata to the par value of the shares held by them.

Convertible Series A Preferred Stock

The terms of the Convertible Series A Preferred Stock are governed by a certificate of designation (the “Series A Certificate of Designation”) filed by the Company with the Nevada Secretary of State on May 15, 2017. Pursuant to the Series A Certificate of Designation, the Company designated 3,000,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock as “Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.” The Company issued 123,668 shares of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock in connection with the Contribution Agreement. Following is a summary of the material terms of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock:

▪ Dividends. Except for stock dividends or distributions for which adjustments are to be made, holders shall be entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay, dividends on shares of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the common stock. No other dividends shall be paid on shares of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock.

▪ Liquidation. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders shall be entitled to receive out of the assets, whether capital or surplus, of the Company, after the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stockholder’s liquidation preference, the same amount that a holder of common stock would receive if the Convertible Series A Preferred Stock were fully converted (disregarding for such purposes any conversion limitations) to common stock which amounts shall be paid pari passu with all holders of common stock.

▪ Voting. Except as otherwise provided in the Series A Certificate of Designation or as otherwise required by law, the Convertible Series A Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. However, as long as any shares of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of the Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Convertible Series A Preferred Stock or alter or amend the Series A Certificate of Designation, (b) amend the Company’s articles of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders, (c) increase the number of authorized shares of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, or (d) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.

▪ Conversion. Each share of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at any time and from time to time from at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing $62.9575 by the Conversion Price. The Conversion Price for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is equal to $2.5183, subject to adjustment as described in the Series A Certificate of Designation.

Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock

The terms of the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock are governed by a certificate of designation (the “Series B Certificate of Designation”) filed by the Company with the Nevada Secretary of State on December 22, 2017. Pursuant to the Series B Certificate of Designation, the Company designated 15,000,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock as “Series B Preferred Stock”. As more fully described below, the Company has issued a total of 3,725,000 shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock in connection with the OFI Purchase Agreement during 2017 and 2018. Following is a summary of the material terms of the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock: 

▪ Dividends. Holders of shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock shall receive cumulative dividends, pro rata among such holders, prior to and in preference to any dividend on our outstanding common stock at the per annum rate of 8% of the Series B Original Issue Price (as defined below). Dividends on each share of Series B Preferred Stock will accrue daily and be cumulative from December 22, 2017 (the “Series B Original Issue Date”) and shall be payable upon the occurrence of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company (a “Liquidation Event”), a conversion or a redemption. The “Series B Original Issue Price” shall mean $1.00 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock. Holders shall also be entitled to receive dividends on shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis regardless of whether the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock is then convertible or otherwise subject to conversion limitations) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of our common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the common stock.

▪ Liquidation. In the event of (i) a Liquidation Event or (ii) a merger or consolidation (other than one in which our stockholders own a majority by voting power of the outstanding shares of the surviving or acquiring corporation) or a sale, lease, transfer, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets (a “Deemed Liquidation Event”), the holders of shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid out of our assets available for distribution to stockholders before any payment shall be made to the holders of our common stock, Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or any other class of securities authorized that is specifically designated as junior to the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock (the “Junior Securities”) by reason of their ownership thereof, but pari passu with the holders of shares of any class of securities authorized that is specifically designated as pari passu with the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock (the “Parity Securities”) on a pro rata basis, an amount per share equal to the Series B Original Issue Price, plus any accrued dividends thereon. If upon any such Liquidation Event or Deemed Liquidation Event, our assets available for distribution to stockholders shall be insufficient to pay the holders of shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock the full amount to which they shall be entitled and the holders of Parity Securities the full amount to which they shall be entitled, the holders of shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of Parity Securities shall share ratably in any distribution of the assets available for distribution in proportion to the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares held by them upon such distribution if all amounts payable on or with respect to such shares were paid in full. Upon a Liquidation Event or a Deemed Liquidation Event, in the event that following the payment of such liquidation preference the Company shall have additional cash and other assets of available for distribution to stockholders, then the holders of shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock shall participate pari passu with the holders of shares of Parity Securities and Junior Securities based on the then current conversion rate (disregarding for such purposes any conversion limitations) with respect to all remaining distributions, dividends or other payments of cash, shares or other assets and property of our company, if any.

As of March 31, 2018, the aggregate liquidation preference amounted to $3,807 (unaudited). The foregoing dollar amount does not include dividends, as the Company’s Board of Directors has not declared any dividends since inception.

▪ Voting Rights. On any matter presented to our stockholders for their action or consideration, each holder of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote on such matter (subject to the conversion limitations described below). Except as provided by law or by the other provisions of the Series B Certificate of Designation, the holders shall vote together with the holders of shares of common stock as a single class. However, as long as any shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock (the “Requisite Holders”), (i) issue any class of equity securities that is senior in rights to the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) issue any Parity Securities, (iii) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock or alter or amend the Series B Certificate of Designation, (iv) amend our articles of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock, (v) except pursuant to the redemption provisions of Parity Securities, redeem any shares of our preferred stock or common stock (other than pursuant to employee or consultant agreements giving us the right to repurchase shares at the original cost thereof upon the termination of services and provided that such repurchase is approved by our Board of Directors), or (vi) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.

▪ Conversion. Each share of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock plus accrued, but unpaid, dividends thereon (the “Aggregate Preference Amount”), shall be convertible, at any time and from time to time at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by a formula (computed on the date of conversion), (i) the numerator of which is equal to the Aggregate Preference Amount and (ii) the denominator of which is equal to the quotient of the Conversion Price divided by $1.33. The “Conversion Price” for the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock was adjusted to $0.8684 starting in February 2018, subject to adjustment as described in the Series B Certificate of Designation. In addition, upon the earlier to occur of: (i) a Deemed Liquidation Event or (ii) if there has not been a breach or default by us under the OFI Purchase Agreement that has occurred and is continuing, May 31, 2018, each share of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock plus accrued, but unpaid, dividends thereon shall be automatically converted into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing $1.33 by the Conversion Price. Notwithstanding the forgoing, if the Company has not obtained stockholder approval with respect to the issuance of shares upon conversion in excess of 19.99% of the issued and outstanding common stock on the applicable conversion date (the “Stockholder Approval”), then the Company may not issue, upon conversion of the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock, a number of shares of common stock which, when aggregated with any shares of common stock issued on or after the Series B Original Issue Date and prior to such conversion date, would exceed 19.99% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock (subject to adjustment for forward and reverse stock splits, recapitalizations and the like) (the “Issuable Maximum”). Each holder shall be entitled to a portion of the Issuable Maximum equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Series B Original Issue Price of such holder’s Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock by (ii) the aggregate Series B Original Issue Price of all Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock issued to all holders.

▪ Redemption. If (i) there is a breach by us of any of our representations and warranties contained in Sections 3.1(a) (Subsidiaries), 3.1(b) (Organization and Qualification), 3.1(c) (Authorization; Enforcement), 3.1(d) (No Conflicts), 3.1(f) (Issuance of the Shares), 3.1(g) (Capitalization), or 3.1(n) (Taxes) of the OFI Purchase Agreement that has not been cured within 30 days after the date of such breach or (ii) Stockholder Approval has not been obtained by March 31, 2018 (each, a “Redemption Event”), then each holder of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock may, at its option, require us to redeem any or all of the shares of Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock held by such holder at a price per share equal to $1.33, plus accrued, but unpaid, dividends through and including the date of such redemption. The Company must provide a notice (as “Event Notice”) to each holder of the occurrence of a Redemption Event of the kind described in (i) above (a “Breach Event”) as soon as practicable after becoming aware of such Breach Event, but in any event, not later than 15 days after such Breach Event and such notice shall provide a reasonable description of such Breach Event. A holder must send written notice of redemption (a “Redemption Notice”) to the Company within 90 days after (i) the Company provides such holder an Event Notice with respect to a Breach Event or (ii) the occurrence of a Redemption Event of the kind described in (ii) above. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Company does not timely provide an Event Notice, the holder shall nevertheless have the right to deliver a Redemption Notice in connection with any Redemption Event. If a holder fails to send a Redemption Notice on prior to the 90th day after the occurrence of any Redemption Event, then such holder will lose such holder’s right to redemption with respect to the particular Redemption Event, but not any other Redemption Event. As of March 31, 2018, the Company did not obtain shareholder approval and therefore, the then outstanding Series B Preferred Stock became redeemable at the option of OFI.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On December 22, 2017, the Company entered into the OFI Purchase Agreement with OFI, under which OFI may, but is not obligated to, invest up to $15,000 in the Company in a series of closings over a period prior to December 31, 2018, in exchange for which OFI will receive shares of the Company’s Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock (“Series B Shares) at a purchase price of $1.00 per share (the “Option”).

On December 22, 2017 (the “Initial Date”), the Company and OFI completed the first closing under the OFI Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which OFI exercised a portion of the Option and provided $1,500 to the Company in exchange for 1,500,000 Series B Shares. On January 24, 2018 (the “Second Date”), the Company and OFI completed a second closing under the OFI Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which OFI provided $2,225 to us in exchange for 2,225,000 Series B Shares.

Under the OFI Purchase Agreement, the proceeds from the first closing were to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, the proceeds from the second closing were to be used to perform due diligence and invest in Income Generating Properties (as defined in the OFI Purchase Agreement) that have been approved by our Board of Directors, and proceeds from subsequent closings were be used to invest in Income Generating Properties (as defined in the OFI Purchase Agreement) that have been approved by our Board of Directors or as otherwise agreed to between us and OFI in writing prior to such subsequent closings. On March 16, 2018, the Company and OFI entered into a letter agreement, pursuant to which OFI agreed that the Company may use all proceeds for the purposes and uses described in a budget agreed to between us and OFI at the time the letter agreement was signed. In connection with such letter agreement, the Company agreed to provide OFI, on a quarterly basis, on or prior to 15 days after the end of each quarter, a report that describes, in reasonable detail, the actual expenses incurred and payments made during such period compared to the expenses and payments specified in the budget for such period, certified by our Chief Financial Officer.

Under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” preferred stock that is not redeemable or is redeemable solely at the option of the issuer shall be included in stockholders’ equity. If the instrument meets any of the following criteria, mezzanine classification between liabilities and stockholders’ equity would be required: 

▪ It is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date or dates;

▪ It is redeemable at the option of the holder; or

▪ It has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer, such as stocks which must be redeemed out of future earnings.

In addition, per ASC 480, deemed liquidation events that require (or permit at the holders’ options) the redemption of only one or more of a particular class of equity instrument for cash or other assets cause those instruments to be considered contingently redeemable and therefore, subject to mezzanine classification.

Since the Series B Shares have conditional redemption provisions which are outside of the control of the Company and also contain a deemed liquidation preference, the Series B Shares were classified as mezzanine financing at the Initial Date at the residual amount, which is the difference between the total proceeds received and the fair value of the Option. Subsequent measurement is unnecessary if it is not probable that the instrument will become redeemable. If it is probable that the equity instrument will become redeemable the following measurement methods shall be applied in accordance with either of the following methods and shall be applied in a consistent manner:

▪ Accrete changes in the redemption value over the period from the date of issuance (or from the date that it becomes probable that the instrument will become redeemable, if later) to the earliest redemption date of the instrument using an appropriate methodology, usually the interest method. Changes in the redemption value are considered to be changes in accounting estimates.

▪ Recognize changes in the redemption value (for example, fair value) immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying amount of the instrument to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. This method would view the end of the reporting period as if it were also the redemption date for the instrument.

Under ASC 480, the aforementioned written call Option is considered freestanding, as the Company believes it is legally detachable and separately exercisable. As the option is exercisable for shares subject to possible redemption at the option of the holder, as of the Initial Date, the Option was measured at fair value and recorded as a non-current financial liability on the consolidated balance sheet. Excess of the initial value of the option liability over the proceeds received was charged immediately into the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss as financing expenses in the fourth quarter of 2017. The Option is marked to market in each reporting period until it is exercised or expired, as earlier, when changes in the fair value of the Option are charged into statement of comprehensive loss. For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded expenses in total amount of $273 due to revaluation of Option to purchase redeemable convertible B preferred stock.

In addition, at the Initial Date, the Company incurred de minimis direct and incremental issuance costs which were charged immediately into the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss as finance expenses, as the Option was presented at fair value.

At the Initial Date, each Series B Share was convertible into 1.24789 shares of common stock valued at $1.00 per share. As a result, Beneficial Conversion Feature (the “BCF”) amounting to approximately $372 was measured assuming full conversion. However, the conversion of the Preferred Stock is subject to certain contingencies, which impact the timing and amount of the BCF. At the Initial Date which is also the commitment date, the Company should record a BCF for the Preferred Stock for any shares convertible at that time without requiring stockholder approval through the planned proxy statement. However, as no residual proceeds were allocable to the Series B Shares at the Initial Date, no BCF was recognized with respect to the first closing.

In conjunction with the Second Date, OFI partially exercised the written call option present in the OFI Purchase Agreement and therefore upon exercise, the pro-rata share of this liability amounting to $677 was reclassified in the condensed consolidated balance sheet from Option to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock into redeemable convertible preferred stock Series B.

On the Second Date, each Series B Share (exclusive of dividends) was convertible into 1.24789 shares of common stock valued at $1.00 per share. As a result of the reclassification of the exercised written call option, there was no additional BCF measured.

The fair value of the Option was based on management estimates and values derived from a calculation to provide an approximate indication of value. The fair value of Option is estimated at each reporting and exercise date, including, December 31, 2017, January 24, 2018 and March 31, 2018 by using hybrid method that includes scenario of conversion and scenario liquidation and the Black-Scholes option pricing model. In the first scenario, the Series B Preferred Stock price applied in the model was assumed based on the as-converted price on the date of estimation. Expected volatility was estimated by using a group of peers in the real estate development, homebuilding and income-producing properties sectors, and applying a 75% percentile ranking based on the total capitalization of the Company. In the second scenario, the Option was estimated based on the value of the Option in a proposed liquidation scenario. A probability weighting was applied to determine the expected value of the Option. The Company measured the fair value of the Option on a recurring basis in accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures” (primary inputs classified at level 3).

The following are the key underlying assumptions that were used:

	December 31, 2017		January 24, 2018		March 31, 2018
Dividend yield (%)		0		0		0
Expected volatility (%)		36.9		37.9		39.4
Risk free interest rate (%)		1.74		1.75		1.99
Strike price		1.00		1.00		1.00
Series B Preferred Stock price		1.13		1.10		1.18
Probability of if-converted scenario (%)		90		90		90
Probability assumed liquidation scenario (%)		10		10		10
Expected term of Option (years)		1.0		0.9		0.8
Option’s fair value	$	0.33	$	0.30	$	0.35

The following tabular presentation reflects the activity in the Option to purchase Redeemable Convertible B Preferred Stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018 -

	Fair value of Option to purchase Redeemable Convertible B Preferred Stock
	Unaudited
Opening balance, December 31, 2017	$	4,390
Partial exercise of series B redeemable convertible preferred stock written call option		(677	)
Revaluation of option to purchase redeemable convertible B preferred stock		273
Closing balance, March 31, 2018	$	3,986

In the absence of voluntary conversion and assuming no breaches as described above under “Redemption”, the Series B Shares automatically convert on May 31, 2018. As such, accretion adjustments to the carrying amount of the Series B Shares to the automatic conversion date of May 31, 2018 are recorded as deemed dividends. However, at March 31, 2018, the Company did not obtain shareholder approval and therefore, the then outstanding Series B Preferred Stock became redeemable at the option of OFI. As such, as of March 31, 2018, the Company has adjusted the carrying value of the Convertible Series B Preferred Stock to the maximum redemption amount. Activity in the account redeemable convertible preferred stock Series B for the three months ended March 31, 2018, is outlined in the below table -

	March 31, 2018
	Unaudited
Opening balance, December 31, 2017	$	87
Proceeds from issuance of Series B Shares		2,225
Accretion of Series B Preferred Stock to redemption value		1,968
Partial exercise of Series B Preferred Stock written call option		677
Dividend on Series B Preferred Stock		79
Closing balance, March 31, 2018	$	5,036

In addition, pursuant to the OFI Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed that so long as the Series B Shares purchased by OFI are outstanding, the Company’s debt (as defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles) should not exceed 45% of its fixed assets without the prior written consent of the Requisite Holders. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has met the covenant.

Common Stock Options

The Company’s Amended and Restated 2000 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan authorized 1,250,000 shares. As of March 31, 2018, the number of shares available for future issuance pursuant to this plan is 240,018; all other shares had either been issued or reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options.

The Company’s Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan authorized 3,500,000 shares. As of March 31, 2018, there are no further shares available for future issuance pursuant to this plan; all other shares had either been issued or reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options.

On January 2, 2018, the Company granted an option to purchase 100,000 shares of stock to its new Chief Executive Officer and an option to purchase 47,088 shares of stock to its new Chief Financial Officer and Chief Investment Officer, each at an exercise price of $0.98 per share. The options become vested over a three-year period from the date of grant. The options shall vest 1/4 in each of the first two years from the grant date and the remaining 1/2 on the third year from the grant date. The Company used the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to estimate the fair value. The Black-Sholes-Merton pricing model assumptions used are as follows: expected dividend yield of 0%; risk-free interest rate of 2.5%; expected volatility of 36.9%, and expected term of 10 years. The fair value of the options at the grant date was $74. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, as result of such grant, the Company recognized compensation expense of $9, and there was $65 of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested option grants.

A summary of stock option transactions under these plans during the three months ended March 31, 2018 are as follows:

	Number of Stock Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (*)
Outstanding at January 1, 2018		79,890	$	94.51		4.1	$	—
Granted/vested		147,088	$	0.98		9.8	$	—
Exercised		—		—		—		—
Expired/cancelled		—		—		—		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2018		226,978	$	33.90		7.8	$	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2018		79,890	$	94.51		4.1	$	—

(*) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total intrinsic value (the difference between the deemed fair value of the Company’s Ordinary Shares on the last day of first quarter of 2018 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on March 31, 2018. This amount is impacted by the changes in the fair value of the Company’s shares.

A summary of non-vested restricted stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018 are as follows:

	Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2018		11,500		$	9.02
Granted
Forfeited/cancelled		(9,250	)		8.97
Non-vested at March 31, 2018		2,250		$	9.25

The total equity-based compensation expense related to the Company’s equity-based awards, recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, total the amounts of $14 (unaudited) and $811 (unaudited), respectively. The amount related to the three months ended March 31, 2017 is included in discontinued operations.

As of March 31, 2018, there was $86 (unaudited) of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock awards that based on their original vesting terms was expected to be recognized.