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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2022
Income Taxes
1
1
. INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 was $7.8 million, compared to $2.1 million in the same period of the prior year; for the year to date, income tax expense was $9.2 million, compared to $6.8 million in fiscal 2022. Income tax expense in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 includes approximately $6.7 million of expense related to
non-deductible
transaction costs associated with the 3M Food Safety transaction and $625,000
 of expense due to an increase in our state rate for deferred tax liabilities. In each comparative period, there was minimal benefit from the exercise of stock options.
The total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022 are $1.4 million and $808,000
, respectively. The increase in unrecognized tax benefits is primarily associated with the acquired 3M FSD, including positions for transfer pricing and research and development credits.