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INVESTMENTS
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
INVESTMENTS INVESTMENTS
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were $135.4 million of sales of AFS securities with gross realized gains of $0.7 million and gross realized losses of $1.0 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 there were $347.4 million of sales of AFS securities with $1.1 million gross realized gains and gross realized losses of $6.9 million. Additionally in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, First Financial sold its remaining Class B Visa shares, which resulted in proceeds of $11.6 million, with gross realized gains of $2.2 million, which is included in Net gain (loss) on investment securities on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 there were $0.1 million of sales of AFS securities with with no gross realized gains or gross realized losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were $4.8 million of sales of AFS securities with no gross realized gains and gross realized losses of $0.4 million.

The Company recognized impairment losses of $9.7 million on available-for-sale securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The losses were included in Net gain (loss) on investment securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The losses related to two AFS securities in unrealized loss positions due to credit deterioration where the Company had determined that it no longer intended to hold the securities until the recovery of their amortized cost bases.

The following is a summary of HTM and AFS investment securities as of September 30, 2024:
  
Held-to-maturityAvailable-for-sale
(Dollars in thousands)Amortized
cost		Unrecognized gainUnrecognized lossFair
value		Amortized
cost		Unrealized
gain		Unrealized
loss		Fair
value
U.S. Treasuries$0 $0 $0 $0 $100 $0 $(7)$93 
Securities of U.S. government agencies and corporations0 0 0 0 82,861 0 (8,952)73,909 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential 0 0 0 0 978,973 8,430 (73,462)913,941 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial 31,242 0 (3,778)27,464 415,811 384 (23,626)392,569 
Collateralized mortgage obligations7,231 0 (539)6,692 605,547 3,272 (44,485)564,334 
Obligations of state and other political subdivisions8,262 110 (237)8,135 640,066 593 (98,608)542,051 
Asset-backed securities0 0 0 0 557,239 1,733 (19,253)539,719 
Other securities31,250 0 (2,415)28,835 137,737 113 (7,201)130,649 
Total$77,985 $110 $(6,969)$71,126 $3,418,334 $14,525 $(275,594)$3,157,265 

The following is a summary of HTM and AFS investment securities as of December 31, 2023:
  
Held-to-maturityAvailable-for-sale
(Dollars in thousands)Amortized
cost		Unrecognized gainUnrecognized
loss		Fair
value		Amortized
cost		Unrealized
gain		Unrealized
loss		Fair
value
U.S. Treasuries$0 $0 $0 $0 $34,904 $0 $(3,661)$31,243 
Securities of U.S. government agencies and corporations0 0 0 0 81,790 0 (12,010)69,780 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential 0 0 0 0 744,546 2,034 (85,532)661,048 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial 32,926 0 (4,628)28,298 543,134 7 (35,911)507,230 
Collateralized mortgage obligations7,970 0 (539)7,431 478,744 181 (60,277)418,648 
Obligations of state and other political subdivisions8,175 130 (215)8,090 765,223 1,614 (114,320)652,517 
Asset-backed securities0 0 0 0 600,055 6 (39,813)560,248 
Other securities31,250 0 (3,381)27,869 134,208 0 (13,796)120,412 
Total$80,321 $130 $(8,763)$71,688 $3,382,604 $3,842 $(365,320)$3,021,126 
The following table provides a summary of investment securities by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2024, except for residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities, which are shown as single totals due to the unpredictability of the timing in principal repayments.
 Held-to-maturityAvailable-for-sale
(Dollars in thousands)Amortized
cost		Fair
value		Amortized
cost		Fair
value
By Contractual Maturity:
Due in one year or less$0 $0 $6,860 $6,878 
Due after one year through five years5,137 5,233 110,769 103,568 
Due after five years through ten years32,760 30,353 238,451 209,263 
Due after ten years1,615 1,384 504,684 426,993 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential 0 0 978,973 913,941 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial 31,242 27,464 415,811 392,569 
Collateralized mortgage obligations7,231 6,692 605,547 564,334 
Asset-backed securities0 0 557,239 539,719 
Total$77,985 $71,126 $3,418,334 $3,157,265 

Unrealized gains and losses on debt securities available-for-sale are generally due to fluctuations in current market yields relative to the yields of the securities at their amortized cost. All AFS securities with unrealized losses are reviewed quarterly to determine if any impairment exists, requiring a write-down to fair value. For AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For debt securities available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis.

Other than the two previously mentioned securities on which the Company recorded impairment losses, First Financial does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, debt securities prior to maturity or recovery of the recorded value. Additionally, based on the Company's credit assessment of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company recorded no reserves for the periods ended September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company's investment securities portfolio consisted of 777 securities, of which 589 were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's investment securities portfolio consisted of 1,018 securities, of which 783 were in an unrealized loss position.

The majority of First Financial’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government, are widely recognized as “risk free,” and have a long history of zero credit loss. The remainder of the Company's HTM securities are non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations and obligations of state and other political subdivisions which currently carry ratings no lower than A+. There were no HTM securities on nonaccrual status or past due at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Management measures expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by security type. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company did not record an ACL for these securities as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
The following tables provide the fair value and gross unrealized losses of AFS investment securities in an unrealized loss position for which an ACL has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and the length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:

 September 30, 2024
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrealized
loss		Fair
value		Unrealized
loss		Fair
value		Unrealized
loss
U.S. Treasuries$0 $0 $93 $(7)$93 $(7)
Securities of U.S. Government agencies and corporations0 0 73,909 (8,952)73,909 (8,952)
Mortgage-backed securities - residential 32,903 (63)538,029 (73,399)570,932 (73,462)
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial 23,191 (554)324,377 (23,072)347,568 (23,626)
Collateralized mortgage obligations56,534 (353)311,939 (44,132)368,473 (44,485)
Obligations of state and other political subdivisions0 0 496,345 (98,608)496,345 (98,608)
Asset-backed securities14,400 (81)204,634 (19,172)219,034 (19,253)
Other securities0 0 114,535 (7,201)114,535 (7,201)
Total$127,028 $(1,051)$2,063,861 $(274,543)$2,190,889 $(275,594)

 December 31, 2023
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrealized
loss		Fair
value		Unrealized
loss		Fair
value		Unrealized
loss
U.S. Treasuries$0 $0 $31,243 $(3,661)$31,243 $(3,661)
Securities of U.S. Government agencies and corporations0 0 69,780 (12,010)69,780 (12,010)
Mortgage-backed securities - residential31,892 (483)538,863 (85,049)570,755 (85,532)
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial1,772 (11)495,451 (35,900)497,223 (35,911)
Collateralized mortgage obligations10,699 (157)393,884 (60,120)404,583 (60,277)
Obligations of state and other political subdivisions15,155 (132)562,740 (114,188)577,895 (114,320)
Asset-backed securities6,853 (15)542,029 (39,798)548,882 (39,813)
Other securities14,605 (396)105,807 (13,400)120,412 (13,796)
Total$80,976 $(1,194)$2,739,797 $(364,126)$2,820,773 $(365,320)
The following tables provide the fair value and gross unrecognized losses of HTM investment securities in an unrecognized loss position for which an ACL has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and the length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:
September 30, 2024
Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrecognized
loss		Fair
value		Unrecognized
loss		Fair
value		Unrecognized
loss
U.S. Treasuries$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 
Securities of U.S. Government agencies and corporations0 0 0 0 0 0 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential0 0 0 0 0 0 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial0 0 27,464 (3,778)27,464 (3,778)
Collateralized mortgage obligations0 0 6,692 (539)6,692 (539)
Obligations of state and other political subdivisions1,025 (6)1,384 (231)2,409 (237)
Asset-backed securities0 0 0 0 0 0 
Other securities0 0 28,835 (2,415)28,835 (2,415)
Total$1,025 $(6)$64,375 $(6,963)$65,400 $(6,969)

December 31, 2023
Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrecognized
loss		Fair
value		Unrecognized
loss		Fair
value		Unrecognized
loss
U.S. Treasuries$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 
Securities of U.S. Government agencies and corporations0 0 0 0 0 0 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential0 0 0 0 0 0 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial0 0 28,298 (4,628)28,298 (4,628)
Collateralized mortgage obligations0 0 7,431 (539)7,431 (539)
Obligations of state and other political subdivisions1,128 (3)1,488 (212)2,616 (215)
Asset-backed securities0 0 0 0 0 0 
Other securities0 0 27,869 (3,381)27,869 (3,381)
Total$1,128 $(3)$65,086 $(8,760)$66,214 $(8,763)

For further detail on the fair value of investment securities, see Note 17 – Fair Value Disclosures.