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SEGMENT INFORMATION AND CONCENTRATION (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment
The following table presents revenue and operating income by segment for the years ended December 31:
In millions202220212020
Revenue by segment
Retail$2,258 $2,231 $2,030 
Hospitality926 849 686 
Digital Banking543 513 472 
Payments & Network1,286 675 85 
Self-Service Banking2,621 2,617 2,602 
Corporate and Other244 297 346 
Eliminations (1)
(43)(26)(14)
Total Segment revenue$7,835 $7,156 $6,207 
Other adjustment (2)
9 — — 
Total Revenue$7,844 $7,156 $6,207 
Adjusted EBITDA by segment
Retail$415 $442 $390 
Hospitality192 158 115 
Digital Banking226 213 226 
Payments & Network405 238 15 
Self-Service Banking565 580 523 
Corporate and Other(399)(369)(366)
Eliminations (1)
(34)(18)(7)
Total Adjusted EBITDA$1,370 $1,244 $896 
.
(1) Eliminations include revenues from contracts with customers and the related costs that are reported in the Payments & Network segment as well as in the Retail or Hospitality segments, including merchant acquiring services that are monetized via payments.
(2) Other adjustment reflects the revenue attributable to the Company's operations in Russia that were excluded from management's measure of revenue due to our announcement to suspend sales to Russia and anticipated orderly wind down of our operations in Russia. The revenue attributable to the Russian operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 of $48 million and $41 million, respectively, is included in the respective segments.

The operations of Cardtronics have been included in the Payments & Network and Self-Service Banking segment results from the acquisition close date, June 21, 2021.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31:
In millions202220212020
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to NCR (GAAP)$64 $97 $(7)
Pension mark-to-market adjustments8 (118)34 
Transformation and restructuring costs123 66 234 
Acquisition-related amortization of intangibles172 132 81 
Acquisition-related (gains) costs10 98 (6)
Separation costs3 — — 
Loss on debt extinguishment— 42 20 
Interest expense285 238 218 
Interest income(13)(8)(8)
Depreciation and amortization423 357 275 
Income taxes148 186 (53)
Stock-based compensation expense125 154 108 
Russia22 — — 
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)$1,370 $1,244 $896 
Revenue from External Customers by Products and Services
The following table presents recurring revenue and all other products and services that is recognized at a point in time for NCR for the years ended December 31:
In millions202220212020
Recurring revenue (1)
$4,841 $4,166 $3,338 
All other products and services3,003 2,990 2,869 
Total revenue$7,844 $7,156 $6,207 

(1) Recurring revenue includes all revenue streams from contracts where there is a predictable revenue pattern that will occur at regular intervals with a relatively high degree of certainty. This includes hardware and software maintenance revenue, cloud revenue, payment processing revenue, interchange and network revenue, cryptocurrency-related revenue, and certain professional services arrangements, as well as term-based software license arrangements that include customer termination rights.
Schedule of Revenue from External Customers Attributed to Foreign Countries by Geographic Area
Revenue is attributed to the geographic area to which the product is delivered or in which the service is provided. The following table presents revenue by geographic area for NCR for the years ended December 31:
In millions2022%2021%2020%
Revenue by Geographic Area
United States$4,308 55 %$3,632 51 %$3,065 49 %
Americas (excluding United States)799 10 %723 10 %617 10 %
Europe, Middle East and Africa1,816 23 %1,883 26 %1,679 27 %
Asia Pacific921 12 %918 13 %846 14 %
Total revenue$7,844 100 %$7,156 100 %$6,207 100 %
Property, Plant and Equipment
The following table presents property, plant and equipment by geographic area as of December 31:
In millions20222021
Property, plant and equipment, net
United States$408 $429 
Americas (excluding United States)27 26 
Europe, Middle East and Africa163 197 
Asia Pacific65 51 
Consolidated property, plant and equipment, net$663 $703 
The components of property, plant and equipment, net are summarized as follows:
In millionsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Property, plant and equipment
Land and improvements$3 $3 
Buildings and improvements280 298 
Machinery and other equipment1,257 1,142 
Finance lease assets61 62 
Property, plant and equipment, gross1,601 1,505 
Less: accumulated depreciation(938)(802)
Total property, plant and equipment, net$663 $703