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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
7. INCOME TAXES

Income tax provisions for interim (quarterly) periods are based on an estimated annual effective income tax rate calculated separately from the effect of significant, infrequent or unusual items. Income tax represented a benefit of $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to expense of $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily driven by the decrease in earnings and a $13 million benefit from IRS settlements in the three months ended September 30, 2014, partially offset by an unfavorable mix in earnings in continuing operations. The three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 include a $9 million and $10 million income tax benefit, respectively, for valuation allowance releases.

Income tax expense was $14 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $44 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily driven by the decrease in earnings and a $13 million benefit from IRS settlements in the nine months ended September 30, 2014, partially offset by an unfavorable mix in earnings in continuing operations and a one-time benefit of approximately $16 million in connection with the American Taxpayer Relief Act in the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 include a $9 million and a $10 million income tax benefit, respectively, for valuation allowance releases.