This pricing supplement, which is not complete and may be changed, relates to an effective Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933. This pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are not an offer to sell these Notes in any country or jurisdiction where such an offer would not be permitted.

Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF

•    The Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF, due March 20, 2030 (the “Notes”) are expected to price on September 15, 2025 and expected to issue on September 18, 2025.

•    Approximate 4.5 year term if not called prior to maturity.

•    Payment on the Notes will depend on the individual performance of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF (each an “Underlying”).

•    Beginning with the September 16, 2026 Call Observation Date, automatically callable monthly for an amount equal to the applicable Call Amount if, on the applicable Call Observation Date, the Observation Value of each Underlying is equal to or greater than its Call Value. The Call Observation Dates and Call Amounts are indicated on page PS-4.

•    Assuming the Notes are not called prior to maturity, if the Ending Value of each Underlying is greater than or equal to 100% of its Starting Value, at maturity, you will receive $2,012.50 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of your Notes.

•    However, assuming the Notes are not called prior to maturity, if any Underlying declines by more than 30% from its Starting Value, at maturity your investment will be subject to 1:1 downside exposure to decreases in the value of the Least Performing Underlying, with up to 100% of the principal at risk. Otherwise, if the Notes are not called prior to maturity and the Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying is less than 100.00% of its Starting Value but greater than or equal to 70% of its Starting Value, at maturity you will receive the principal amount of your Notes.

•    Any payment on the Notes is subject to the credit risk of BofA Finance LLC (“BofA Finance” or the “Issuer”), as issuer of the Notes, and Bank of America Corporation (“BAC” or the “Guarantor”), as guarantor of the Notes.

•    No periodic interest payments.

•    The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.

•    CUSIP No. 09711MDY5.

The initial estimated value of the Notes as of the pricing date is expected to be between $910.00 and $970.00 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes, which is less than the public offering price listed below. The actual value of your Notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted with accuracy. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-10 of this pricing supplement and “Structuring the Notes” on page PS-28 of this pricing supplement for additional information.

There are important differences between the Notes and a conventional debt security. Potential purchasers of the Notes should consider the information in “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-10 of this pricing supplement, page PS-5 of the accompanying product supplement, page S-6 of the accompanying prospectus supplement, and page 7 of the accompanying prospectus.

None of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), any state securities commission, or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

	Public Offering Price(1)	Underwriting Discount(1)(2)(3)	Proceeds, before expenses, to BofA Finance(2)
Per Note	$1,000.00	$10.00	$990.00
Total

(1)    Certain dealers who purchase the Notes for sale to certain fee-based advisory accounts may forgo some or all of their selling concessions, fees or commissions. The public offering price for investors purchasing the Notes in these fee-based advisory accounts may be as low as $990.00 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes.

(2)    The underwriting discount per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes may be as high as $10.00, resulting in proceeds, before expenses, to BofA Finance of as low as $990.00 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes.

(3)    In addition to the underwriting discount above, if any, an affiliate of BofA Finance will pay a referral fee of up to $5.00 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of the Notes in connection with the distribution of the Notes to other registered broker-dealers.

The Notes and the related guarantee:

Are Not FDIC Insured Are not Bank Guaranteed May Lose Value

Selling Agent

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Terms of the Notes

Issuer:	BofA Finance
Guarantor:	BAC
Denominations:	The Notes will be issued in minimum denominations of $1,000.00 and whole multiples of $1,000.00 in excess thereof.
Term:	Approximately 4.5 years, unless previously automatically called.
Underlyings:	The SPDR® S&P Regional Banking ETF (Bloomberg symbol: “KRE”), the Utilities Select Sector SPDR® Fund (Bloomberg symbol: “XLU”) and the VanEck® Semiconductor ETF (Bloomberg symbol: “SMH”).
Pricing Date*:	September 15, 2025
Issue Date*:	September 18, 2025
Valuation Date*:	March 15, 2030, subject to postponement as described under “Description of the Notes—Certain Terms of the Notes—Events Relating to Observation Dates” in the accompanying product supplement.
Maturity Date*:	March 20, 2030
Starting Value:	With respect to each Underlying, its Closing Market Price on the pricing date.
Observation Value:	With respect to each Underlying, its Closing Market Price on the applicable Call Observation Date, multiplied by its Price Multiplier.
Ending Value:	With respect to each Underlying, its Closing Market Price on the Valuation Date, multiplied by its Price Multiplier.
Call Value:	With respect to each Underlying, 100.00% of its Starting Value.
Price Multiplier:	With respect to each Underlying, 1, subject to adjustment for certain events relating to that Underlying as described in “Description of the Notes — Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to ETFs” beginning on page PS-28 of the accompanying product supplement.
Redemption Barrier:	With respect to each Underlying, 100.00% of its Starting Value.
Threshold Value:	With respect to each Underlying, 70.00% of its Starting Value.
Automatic Call:	Beginning with the September 16, 2026 Call Observation Date, all (but not less than all) of the Notes will be automatically called at an amount equal to the applicable Call Amount if the Observation Value of each Underlying is greater than or equal to its Call Value on any Call Observation Date. If the Notes are automatically called, the applicable Call Amount will be paid on the applicable Call Payment Date. No further amounts will be payable following an Automatic Call.
Redemption Amount:	If the Notes have not been automatically called prior to maturity, the Redemption Amount per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes will be: a) If the Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying is greater than or equal to its Redemption Barrier: b) If the Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying is less than its Redemption Barrier but is greater than or equal to its Threshold Value: c) If the Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying is less than its Threshold Value:

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-2

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

	In this case, the Redemption Amount will be less than 70.00% of the principal amount and you could lose up to 100.00% of your investment in the Notes.
Call Observation Dates*:	As set forth beginning on page PS-4
Call Payment Dates*:	As set forth beginning on page PS-4
Call Amounts (per $1,000.00 in principal amount):	As set forth beginning on page PS-4
Calculation Agent:	BofA Securities, Inc. (“BofAS”), an affiliate of BofA Finance.
Selling Agent:	BofAS
CUSIP:	09711MDY5
Underlying Return:	With respect to each Underlying,
Least Performing Underlying:	The Underlying with the lowest Underlying Return.
Events of Default and Acceleration:	If an Event of Default, as defined in the senior indenture relating to the Notes and in the section entitled “Description of Debt Securities of BofA Finance LLC—Events of Default and Rights of Acceleration; Covenant Breaches” on page 54 of the accompanying prospectus, with respect to the Notes occurs and is continuing, the amount payable to a holder of the Notes upon any acceleration permitted under the senior indenture will be equal to the amount described under the caption “Redemption Amount” above, calculated as though the date of acceleration were the Maturity Date of the Notes and as though the Valuation Date were the third Trading Day prior to the date of acceleration; provided that, if the event of default occurs on or prior to the Valuation Date (i.e., not during the period from after that Valuation Date to the original maturity date of the Notes), then the payment on the Notes will be determined as described above under the caption “—Automatic Call,” calculated as if the next scheduled Call Observation Date were three Trading Days prior to the date of acceleration, and in such a case, the calculation agent shall pro-rate the applicable Call Amount according to the period of time elapsed between the issue date of the notes and the date of acceleration. In case of a default in the payment of the Notes, whether at their maturity or upon acceleration, the Notes will not bear a default interest rate.

* Subject to change.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-3

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Call Observation Dates, Call Payment Dates and Call Amounts

Call Observation Dates*	Call Payment Dates	Call Amounts (per $1,000.00 in principal amount)
September 16, 2026	September 21, 2026	$1,225.00
October 15, 2026	October 20, 2026	$1,243.75
November 16, 2026	November 19, 2026	$1,262.50
December 15, 2026	December 18, 2026	$1,281.25
January 15, 2027	January 21, 2027	$1,300.00
February 16, 2027	February 19, 2027	$1,318.75
March 15, 2027	March 18, 2027	$1,337.50
April 15, 2027	April 20, 2027	$1,356.25
May 17, 2027	May 20, 2027	$1,375.00
June 15, 2027	June 21, 2027	$1,393.75
July 15, 2027	July 20, 2027	$1,412.50
August 16, 2027	August 19, 2027	$1,431.25
September 15, 2027	September 20, 2027	$1,450.00
October 15, 2027	October 20, 2027	$1,468.75
November 15, 2027	November 18, 2027	$1,487.50
December 15, 2027	December 20, 2027	$1,506.25
January 18, 2028	January 21, 2028	$1,525.00
February 15, 2028	February 18, 2028	$1,543.75
March 15, 2028	March 20, 2028	$1,562.50
April 17, 2028	April 20, 2028	$1,581.25
May 15, 2028	May 18, 2028	$1,600.00
June 15, 2028	June 21, 2028	$1,618.75
July 17, 2028	July 20, 2028	$1,637.50
August 15, 2028	August 18, 2028	$1,656.25
September 15, 2028	September 20, 2028	$1,675.00
October 16, 2028	October 19, 2028	$1,693.75
November 15, 2028	November 20, 2028	$1,712.50
December 15, 2028	December 20, 2028	$1,731.25
January 16, 2029	January 19, 2029	$1,750.00
February 15, 2029	February 21, 2029	$1,768.75
March 15, 2029	March 20, 2029	$1,787.50
April 16, 2029	April 19, 2029	$1,806.25
May 15, 2029	May 18, 2029	$1,825.00

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-4

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Call Observation Dates*	Call Payment Dates	Call Amounts (per $1,000.00 in principal amount)
June 15, 2029	June 21, 2029	$1,843.75
July 16, 2029	July 19, 2029	$1,862.50
August 15, 2029	August 20, 2029	$1,881.25
September 17, 2029	September 20, 2029	$1,900.00
October 15, 2029	October 18, 2029	$1,918.75
November 15, 2029	November 20, 2029	$1,937.50
December 17, 2029	December 20, 2029	$1,956.25
January 15, 2030	January 18, 2030	$1,975.00
February 15, 2030	February 21, 2030	$1,993.75

* The Call Observation Dates are subject to postponement as set forth in “Description of the Notes—Certain Terms of the Notes—Events Relating to Observation Dates” beginning on page PS-23 of the accompanying product supplement, with references to “Observation Dates” being read as references to “Call Observation Dates.”

Any payments on the Notes depend on the credit risk of BofA Finance, as Issuer, and BAC, as Guarantor, and on the performance of the Underlyings. The economic terms of the Notes are based on BAC’s internal funding rate, which is the rate it would pay to borrow funds through the issuance of market-linked notes, and the economic terms of certain related hedging arrangements BAC’s affiliates enter into. BAC’s internal funding rate is typically lower than the rate it would pay when it issues conventional fixed or floating rate debt securities. This difference in funding rate, as well as the underwriting discount, if any, the referral fee and the hedging related charges described below (see “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-10), will reduce the economic terms of the Notes to you and the initial estimated value of the Notes. Due to these factors, the public offering price you pay to purchase the Notes will be greater than the initial estimated value of the Notes as of the pricing date.

The initial estimated value range of the Notes is set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement. The final pricing supplement will set forth the initial estimated value of the Notes as of the pricing date. For more information about the initial estimated value and the structuring of the Notes, see “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-10 and “Structuring the Notes” on page PS-28.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-5

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Automatic Call and Redemption Amount Determination

*On each Call Observation Date, your Notes may be automatically called,

determined as follows:

Assuming the Notes have not been automatically called,on the Maturity Date, you will receive a cash payment per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes determined as follows:

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-6

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

All payments described above are subject to the credit risk of BofA Finance, as Issuer, and BAC, as Guarantor.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-7

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Hypothetical Payout Profile and Examples of Payments on the Notes

Examples and Auto-Callable Notes Table

The following examples and table are for purposes of illustration only. They are based on hypothetical values and show hypothetical returns on the Notes. The examples and table illustrate payments on the Notes based on a hypothetical Starting Value of 100 for each Underlying, a hypothetical Call Value of 100 for each Underlying, a hypothetical Redemption Barrier of 100 for the Least Performing Underlying, a hypothetical Threshold Value of 70 for the Least Performing Underlying, Call Amounts as indicated on page PS-4, the Redemption Amount of $2,012.50 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes if the Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying is greater than or equal to its Redemption Barrier and a range of hypothetical Observation Values and Ending Values of the Least Performing Underlying. The actual amount you receive and the resulting return will depend on the actual Starting Values, Call Values, Redemption Barriers, Threshold Values, Observation Values and Ending Values of the Underlyings, whether the Notes are automatically called prior to maturity, and whether you hold the Notes to maturity. The following examples do not take into account any tax consequences from investing in the Notes.

For recent actual values of the Underlyings, see “The Underlyings” section below. The Ending Value of each Underlying will not include any income generated by dividends or other distributions paid with respect to shares or units of that Underlying or on the securities included in that Underlying, as applicable. In addition, all payments on the Notes are subject to Issuer and Guarantor credit risk.

If the Notes Are Called Prior to Maturity

The Notes will be called at an amount equal to the applicable Call Amount if on any Call Observation Date the Observation Value of each Underlying is greater than or equal to its Call Value. After the Notes are called, they will no longer remain outstanding and there will not be any further payments on the Notes.

Example 1 - The Observation Value of each Underlying on the first Call Observation Date is 105.00 or higher. Therefore, the Notes will be called at $1,225.00 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes.

Example 2 - The Observation Value of each Underlying on each of the first forty-one Call Observation Dates is below its respective Call Value, but the Observation Value of each Underlying on the forty-second Call Observation Date is 110.00 or higher. Therefore, the Notes will be called at $1,993.75 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes.

If the Notes Are Not Called Prior to Maturity

Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying	Underlying Return of the Least Performing Underlying	Redemption Amount per Note	Return on the Notes(1)
160.00	60.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
150.00	50.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
140.00	40.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
130.00	30.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
120.00	20.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
110.00	10.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
105.00	5.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
102.00	2.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
100.00(2)(3)	0.00%	$2,012.50	101.25%
99.99	-0.01%	$1,000.00	0.00%
90.00	-10.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
80.00	-20.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
70.00(4)	-30.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
69.99	-30.01%	$699.90	-30.01%
60.00	-40.00%	$600.00	-40.00%
50.00	-50.00%	$500.00	-50.00%

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-8

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

0.00 -100.00% $0.00 -100.00%

(1)	The “Return on the Notes” is calculated based on the Redemption Amount.
(2)	The hypothetical Starting Value of 100 used in the table above has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent a likely Starting Value of any Underlying.
(3)	This is the hypothetical Redemption Barrier of the Least Performing Underlying.
(4)	This is the hypothetical Threshold Value of the Least Performing Underlying.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-9

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Risk Factors

Your investment in the Notes entails significant risks, many of which differ from those of a conventional debt security. Your decision to purchase the Notes should be made only after carefully considering the risks of an investment in the Notes, including those discussed below, with your advisors in light of your particular circumstances. The Notes are not an appropriate investment for you if you are not knowledgeable about significant elements of the Notes or financial matters in general. You should carefully review the more detailed explanation of risks relating to the Notes in the “Risk Factors” sections beginning on page PS-5 of the accompanying product supplement, page S-6 of the accompanying prospectus supplement and page 7 of the accompanying prospectus, each as identified on page PS-32 below.

Structure-related Risks

•    Your investment may result in a loss; there is no guaranteed return of principal. There is no fixed principal repayment amount on the Notes at maturity. If the Notes are not automatically called prior to maturity and the Ending Value of any Underlying is less than its Threshold Value, at maturity, your investment will be subject to 1:1 downside exposure to decreases in the value of the Least Performing Underlying and you will lose 1% of the principal amount for each 1% that the Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying is less than its Starting Value. In that case, you will lose a significant portion or all of your investment in the Notes.

•    Any positive investment return on the Notes is limited. You will not participate in any increase in the level of any Underlying. Any positive investment return is limited to the applicable Call Amount or the maximum Redemption Amount of $2,012.50 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes, as applicable, if the Observation Value or Ending Value of each Underlying is greater than or equal to its Call Value or Redemption Barrier, as applicable, on any Call Observation Date or the Valuation Date, as applicable. In contrast, a direct investment in the Underlyings or in the securities held by or included in the Underlyings would allow you to receive the benefit of any appreciation in their values. Any return on the Notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned those securities and received the dividends paid or distributions made on them. The return on the Notes may be less than a comparable investment directly in the securities held by or included in the Underlyings. There is no guarantee that the Notes will be called or, if not called, redeemed at maturity for more than the principal amount, and it is possible that you will not receive any positive return on the Notes.

•    The Notes do not bear interest. Unlike a conventional debt security, no interest payments will be paid over the term of the Notes, regardless of the extent to which the Observation Value or Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying exceeds its Starting Value, Redemption Barrier, Call Value or Threshold Value.

•    The Notes are subject to a potential Automatic Call, which would limit your ability to receive further payment on the Notes. The Notes are subject to a potential Automatic Call. The Notes will be automatically called if, on any Call Observation Date, the Observation Value of each Underlying is greater than or equal to its Call Value. If the Notes are automatically called prior to the Maturity Date, you will be entitled to receive the applicable Call Amount with respect to the applicable Call Observation Date and no further amounts will be payable following the Automatic Call. In this case, you will lose the opportunity to receive payment of any higher Call Amount or Redemption Amount that otherwise would be payable after the date of the Automatic Call. If the Notes are called prior to the Maturity Date, you may be unable to invest in other securities with a similar level of risk that could provide a return that is similar to the Notes.

•    Your return on the Notes may be less than the yield on a conventional debt security of comparable maturity. Any return that you receive on the Notes may be less than the return you would earn if you purchased a conventional debt security with the same Maturity Date. As a result, your investment in the Notes may not reflect the full opportunity cost to you when you consider factors, such as inflation, that affect the time value of money.

•    The Call Amount or Redemption Amount, as applicable, will not reflect changes in the prices of the Underlyings other than on the Call Observation Dates or Valuation Date, as applicable. The prices of the Underlyings during the term of the Notes other than on the Call Observation Dates or Valuation Date, as applicable, will not affect payments on the Notes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, investors should generally be aware of the performance of the Underlyings while holding the Notes, as the performance of the Underlyings may influence the market value of the Notes. The calculation agent will determine whether the Notes will be automatically called and will calculate the Call Amount or the Redemption Amount, as applicable, by comparing only the Starting Value, the Call Value, the Redemption Barrier or the Threshold Value, as applicable, to the Observation Value or the Ending Value for each Underlying. No other prices of the Underlyings will be taken into account. As a result, if the Notes are not automatically called prior to maturity and the Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying is less than its Threshold Value, you will receive less than the principal amount at maturity even if the price of each Underlying was always above its Threshold Value prior to the Valuation Date.

•    Because the Notes are linked to the least performing (and not the average performance) of the Underlyings, you may not receive any return on the Notes and may lose a significant portion or all of your investment in the Notes even if the Observation Value or Ending Value of one Underlying is greater than or equal to its Call Value, Redemption Barrier or Threshold Value, as applicable. Your Notes are linked to the least performing of the Underlyings, and a change in the price of one Underlying may not correlate with changes in the prices of the other Underlyings. The Notes are not linked to a basket composed of the Underlyings, where the depreciation in the price of one Underlying could be offset to some extent by the appreciation in the prices of the other Underlyings. In the case of the Notes, the individual performance of each Underlying would not be combined, and the depreciation in the price of one Underlying would not be offset by any appreciation in the prices of the other Underlyings. Even if the Observation Value of an Underlying is at or above its Call Value on a Call Observation Date, your Notes will not be automatically called if the Observation Value of another Underlying is below its Call Value on that day. In addition, even if the Ending Value of an Underlying is at or above its Threshold Value,

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-10

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

you will lose a significant portion or all of your investment in the Notes if the Ending Value of the Least Performing Underlying is below its Threshold Value.

•    Any payments on the Notes are subject to our credit risk and the credit risk of the Guarantor, and any actual or perceived changes in our or the Guarantor’s creditworthiness are expected to affect the value of the Notes. The Notes are our senior unsecured debt securities. Any payment on the Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Guarantor. The Notes are not guaranteed by any entity other than the Guarantor. As a result, your receipt of any payments on the Notes will be dependent upon our ability and the ability of the Guarantor to repay our respective obligations under the Notes on the applicable payment date, regardless of the performance of the Underlyings. No assurance can be given as to what our financial condition or the financial condition of the Guarantor will be at any time after the pricing date of the Notes. If we and the Guarantor become unable to meet our respective financial obligations as they become due, you may not receive the amount(s) payable under the terms of the Notes.

In addition, our credit ratings and the credit ratings of the Guarantor are assessments by ratings agencies of our respective abilities to pay our obligations. Consequently, our or the Guarantor’s perceived creditworthiness and actual or anticipated decreases in our or the Guarantor’s credit ratings or increases in the spread between the yield on our respective securities and the yield on U.S. Treasury securities (the “credit spread”) prior to the Maturity Date may adversely affect the market value of the Notes. However, because your return on the Notes depends upon factors in addition to our ability and the ability of the Guarantor to pay our respective obligations, such as the values of the Underlyings, an improvement in our or the Guarantor’s credit ratings will not reduce the other investment risks related to the Notes.

•    We are a finance subsidiary and, as such, have no independent assets, operations, or revenues. We are a finance subsidiary of the Guarantor, have no operations other than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of our debt securities that are guaranteed by the Guarantor, and are dependent upon the Guarantor and/or its other subsidiaries to meet our obligations under the Notes in the ordinary course. Therefore, our ability to make payments on the Notes may be limited.

Valuation and Market-related Risks

•    The public offering price you pay for the Notes will exceed their initial estimated value. The range of initial estimated values of the Notes that is provided on the cover page of this preliminary pricing supplement, and the initial estimated value as of the pricing date that will be provided in the final pricing supplement, are each estimates only, determined as of a particular point in time by reference to our and our affiliates’ pricing models. These pricing models consider certain assumptions and variables, including our credit spreads and those of the Guarantor, the Guarantor’s internal funding rate, mid-market terms on hedging transactions, expectations on interest rates, dividends and volatility, price-sensitivity analysis, and the expected term of the Notes. These pricing models rely in part on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. If you attempt to sell the Notes prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and lower than their initial estimated value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the prices of the Underlyings, changes in the Guarantor’s internal funding rate, and the inclusion in the public offering price of the underwriting discount, if any, the referral fee and the hedging related charges, all as further described in “Structuring the Notes” below. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the Notes, are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the Notes in any secondary market and will affect the value of the Notes in complex and unpredictable ways.

•    The initial estimated value does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which we, BAC, BofAS or any of our other affiliates would be willing to purchase your Notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your Notes at any time after issuance will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including the performance of the Underlyings, our and BAC’s creditworthiness and changes in market conditions.

•    We cannot assure you that a trading market for your Notes will ever develop or be maintained. We will not list the Notes on any securities exchange. We cannot predict how the Notes will trade in any secondary market or whether that market will be liquid or illiquid.

Conflict-related Risks

•    Trading and hedging activities by us, the Guarantor and any of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may create conflicts of interest with you and may affect your return on the Notes and their market value. We, the Guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may buy or sell shares or units of the Underlyings or the securities held by or included in the Underlyings, as applicable, or futures or options contracts or exchange traded instruments on the Underlyings or those securities, or other instruments whose value is derived from the Underlyings or those securities. While we, the Guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may from time to time own shares or units of the Underlyings or securities represented by the Underlyings, except to the extent that BAC’s common stock may be included in the Underlyings, we, the Guarantor and our other affiliates, including BofAS, do not control any company included in the Underlyings, and have not verified any disclosure made by any other company. We, the Guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may execute such purchases or sales for our own or their own accounts, for business reasons, or in connection with hedging our obligations under the Notes. These transactions may present a conflict of interest between your interest in the Notes and the interests we, the Guarantor and our other affiliates, including BofAS, may have in our or their proprietary accounts, in facilitating transactions, including block trades, for our or their other customers, and in accounts under our or their management. These transactions may adversely affect the prices of the Underlyings in a manner that could be adverse to your

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-11

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

investment in the Notes. On or before the pricing date, any purchases or sales by us, the Guarantor or our other affiliates, including BofAS or others on our or their behalf (including those for the purpose of hedging some or all of our anticipated exposure in connection with the Notes), may affect the prices of the Underlyings. Consequently, the prices of the Underlyings may change subsequent to the pricing date, which may adversely affect the market value of the Notes.

We, the Guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, also expect to engage in hedging activities that could affect the prices of the Underlyings on the pricing date. In addition, these hedging activities, including the unwinding of a hedge, may decrease the market value of your Notes prior to maturity, and may affect the amounts to be paid on the Notes. We, the Guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may purchase or otherwise acquire a long or short position in the Notes and may hold or resell the Notes. For example, BofAS may enter into these transactions in connection with any market making activities in which it engages. We cannot assure you that these activities will not adversely affect the prices of the Underlyings, the market value of your Notes prior to maturity or the amounts payable on the Notes.

•    There may be potential conflicts of interest involving the calculation agent, which is an affiliate of ours. We have the right to appoint and remove the calculation agent. One of our affiliates will be the calculation agent for the Notes and, as such, will make a variety of determinations relating to the Notes, including the amounts that will be paid on the Notes. Under some circumstances, these duties could result in a conflict of interest between its status as our affiliate and its responsibilities as calculation agent.

Underlying-related Risks

•    Adverse conditions in the utilities sector may reduce your return on the Notes. All or substantially all of the equity securities held by the XLU are issued by companies whose primary line of business is directly associated with the utilities sector. Utility companies are affected by supply and demand, operating costs, government regulation, environmental factors, liabilities for environmental damage and general civil liabilities. Due to the capital intensive nature of utilities, many of these companies tend to be more greatly impacted by interest rates due to their relatively high debt ratios. Additionally, certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years, and are therefore subject to greater competition. These factors could affect the utilities sector and could affect the value of the equity securities held by the XLU and the price of the XLU during the term of the Notes, which may adversely affect the value of your Notes.

•    Adverse conditions in the semiconductor production and equipment sector may reduce your return on the Notes. All or substantially all of the stocks held by the SMH are issued by companies whose primary line of business is directly associated with the semiconductor production and equipment sector. The SMH is subject to the risk that companies that are in the semiconductor production and equipment sector may be similarly affected by particular economic or market events. As product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Semiconductor companies are vulnerable to wide fluctuations in securities prices due to rapid product obsolescence. Many semiconductor companies may not successfully introduce new products, develop and maintain a loyal customer base or achieve general market acceptance for their products, and failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on their business, results of operations and financial condition. Reduced demand for end-user products, underutilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor production and equipment sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and such companies may need additional financing, which may be difficult to obtain. They also may be subject to risks relating to research and development costs and the availability and price of components. Moreover, they may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights and may be adversely affected by loss or impairment of those rights. Some of the companies involved in the semiconductor production and equipment sector are also engaged in other lines of business unrelated to the semiconductor business, and they may experience problems with these lines of business, which could adversely affect their operating results. The international operations of many semiconductor companies expose them to risks associated with instability and changes in economic and political conditions, foreign currency fluctuations, changes in foreign regulations, tariffs and trade disputes, competition from subsidized foreign competitors with lower production costs and other risks inherent to international business. The semiconductor production and equipment sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. Companies in the semiconductor production and equipment sector also may be subject to competition from new market entrants. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor production and equipment sector have been and will likely continue to be extremely volatile compared to the overall market. These factors could affect the semiconductor production and equipment sector and could affect the value of the equity securities held by the SMH and the price of the SMH during the term of the Notes, which may adversely affect the value of your Notes.

•    The Notes are subject to risks associated with the banking industry. All of the stocks held by the KRE are issued by companies in the banking industry. The performance of companies in the banking industry are influenced by many complex and unpredictable factors, including industry competition, interest rates, geopolitical events, the ability of borrowers to repay loans, government regulation, and supply and demand for the products and services offered by such companies. Any adverse development in the banking industry may have a material adverse effect on the stocks held by the KRE, and as a result, on the value of the Notes. The Notes may be subject to greater volatility and be more adversely affected by a single positive or negative economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting this industry than a different investment linked to securities of a more broadly diversified group of issuers.

•    The stocks held by the KRE are concentrated in one sector. The KRE holds securities issued by companies in the regional banking sector. As a result, some of the stocks that will determine the performance of the Notes are concentrated in one sector. Although an investment in the Notes will not give holders any ownership or other direct interests in the securities held by the KRE, the return on an

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-12

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

investment in the Notes will be subject to certain risks associated with a direct equity investment in companies in this sector. Accordingly, by investing in the Notes, you will not benefit from the diversification which could result from an investment linked to companies that operate in multiple sectors.

•    The stocks held by the XLU are concentrated in one sector. The XLU holds securities issued by companies in the utilities sector. As a result, some of the stocks that will determine the performance of the Notes are concentrated in one sector. Although an investment in the Notes will not give holders any ownership or other direct interests in the securities held by the XLU, the return on an investment in the Notes will be subject to certain risks associated with a direct equity investment in companies in this sector. Accordingly, by investing in the Notes, you will not benefit from the diversification which could result from an investment linked to companies that operate in multiple sectors.

•    The stocks held by the SMH are concentrated in one sector. The SMH holds securities issued by companies in the semiconductor production and equipment sector. As a result, some of the stocks that will determine the performance of the Notes are concentrated in one sector. Although an investment in the Notes will not give holders any ownership or other direct interests in the securities held by the SMH, the return on an investment in the Notes will be subject to certain risks associated with a direct equity investment in companies in this sector. Accordingly, by investing in the Notes, you will not benefit from the diversification which could result from an investment linked to companies that operate in multiple sectors.

•    The performance of an Underlying may not correlate with the performance of its underlying index as well as the net asset value per share or unit of the Underlying, especially during periods of market volatility. The performance of an Underlying and that of its underlying index generally will vary due to, for example, transaction costs, management fees, certain corporate actions, and timing variances. Moreover, it is also possible that the performance of an Underlying may not fully replicate or may, in certain circumstances, diverge significantly from the performance of its underlying index. This could be due to, for example, the Underlying not holding all or substantially all of the underlying assets included in its underlying index and/or holding assets that are not included in its underlying index, the temporary unavailability of certain securities in the secondary market, the performance of any derivative instruments held by the Underlying, differences in trading hours between the Underlying (or the underlying assets held by the Underlying) and its underlying index, or other circumstances. This variation in performance is called the “tracking error,” and, at times, the tracking error may be significant. In addition, because the shares or units of each Underlying are traded on a securities exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand, the market price of one share or unit of an Underlying may differ from its net asset value per share or unit; shares or units of the Underlying may trade at, above, or below its net asset value per share or unit. During periods of market volatility, securities held by an Underlying may be unavailable in the secondary market, market participants may be unable to calculate accurately the net asset value per share or unit of the Underlying and the liquidity of the Underlying may be adversely affected. Market volatility may also disrupt the ability of market participants to trade shares or units of the Underlying. Further, market volatility may adversely affect, sometimes materially, the prices at which market participants are willing to buy and sell shares or units of the Underlying. As a result, under these circumstances, the market value of shares or units of the Underlying may vary substantially from the net asset value per share or unit of the Underlying.

•    The anti-dilution adjustments will be limited. The calculation agent may adjust the Price Multiplier of an Underlying and other terms of the Notes to reflect certain actions by an Underlying, as described in the section “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to ETFs” in the accompanying product supplement. The calculation agent will not be required to make an adjustment for every event that may affect an Underlying and will have broad discretion to determine whether and to what extent an adjustment is required.

•    The publisher or the sponsor or investment advisor of an Underlying may adjust that Underlying in a way that affects its prices, and the publisher or the sponsor or investment advisor has no obligation to consider your interests. The publisher or the sponsor or investment advisor of an Underlying can add, delete, or substitute the components included in that Underlying or make other methodological changes that could change its price. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of your Notes.

Tax-related Risks

•    The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes are uncertain, and may be adverse to a holder of the Notes. No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the Notes or securities similar to the Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes are not certain. Under the terms of the Notes, you will have agreed with us to treat the Notes as single financial contracts, as described below under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary—General.” If the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) were successful in asserting an alternative characterization for the Notes, the timing and character of gain or loss with respect to the Notes may differ. No ruling will be requested from the IRS with respect to the Notes and no assurance can be given that the IRS will agree with the statements made in the section entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary.” You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the Notes.

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Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

The Underlyings

All disclosures contained in this pricing supplement regarding the Underlyings, including, without limitation, their make-up, method of calculation, and changes in their components, have been derived from publicly available sources. The information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by, the investment advisor of the KRE, the investment advisor of the XLU and the investment advisor of the SMH (collectively, the “Investment Advisors”). The Investment Advisors, which license the copyright and all other rights to the respective Underlyings, have no obligation to continue to publish, and may discontinue publication of, the Underlyings. The consequences of any Investment Advisor discontinuing publication of the applicable Underlying are discussed in “Description of the Notes — Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to ETFs — Discontinuance of or Material Change to an ETF” in the accompanying product supplement. None of us, the Guarantor, the calculation agent, or BofAS accepts any responsibility for the calculation, maintenance or publication of any Underlying or any successor underlying. None of us, the Guarantor, BofAS or any of our other affiliates makes any representation to you as to the future performance of the Underlyings. You should make your own investigation into the Underlyings.

The SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF

The KRE seeks to provide investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the S&P Regional Banks Select Industry Index (the “Underlying Index”). The Underlying Index represents the regional banks industry portion of the S&P^® Total Market Index (“S&P TMI”), an index that measures the performance of the U.S. equity market. The KRE is composed of companies that are regional banks.

The KRE utilizes a “replication” investment approach in attempting to track the performance of the Underlying Index. The KRE typically invests in substantially all of the securities which comprise the Underlying Index in approximately the same proportions as the Underlying Index. The KRE will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in the common stocks that comprise the Underlying Index. The returns of the KRE may be affected by certain management fees and other expenses, which are detailed in its prospectus.

The S&P Regional Banks Select Industry Index

This Underlying Index is an equal-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of the regional banks portion of the S&P TMI. The S&P TMI includes all U.S. common equities listed on the New York Stock Exchange (including NYSE Arca), the NYSE MKT, the NASDAQ Global Select Market, and the NASDAQ Capital Market. Each of the component stocks in the Underlying Index is a constituent company within the regional banks industry portion of the S&P TMI.

To be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, companies must be in the S&P TMI and must be included in the relevant Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) industry. The GICS was developed to establish a global standard for categorizing companies into sectors and industries. In addition to the above, companies must satisfy one of the two following combined size and liquidity criteria:

•    float-adjusted market capitalization above US$500 million and float-adjusted liquidity ratio above 90%; or

•    float-adjusted market capitalization above US$400 million and float-adjusted liquidity ratio above 150%.

All U.S. companies satisfying these requirements are included in the Underlying Index. The total number of companies in the Underlying Index should be at least 35. If there are fewer than 35 stocks, stocks from a supplementary list of highly correlated sub-industries that meet the market capitalization and liquidity thresholds above are included in the order of their float-adjusted market capitalization to reach 35 constituents. Minimum market capitalization requirements may be relaxed to ensure there are at least 22 companies in the Underlying Index as of each rebalancing effective date.

Eligibility factors include:

•    Market Capitalization: Float-adjusted market capitalization should be at least US$400 million for inclusion in the Underlying Index. Existing index components must have a float-adjusted market capitalization of US$300 million to remain in the Underlying Index at each rebalancing.

•    Liquidity: The liquidity measurement used is a liquidity ratio, defined as dollar value traded over the previous 12-months divided by the float-adjusted market capitalization as of the Underlying Index rebalancing reference date. Stocks having a float-adjusted market capitalization above US$500 million must have a liquidity ratio greater than 90% to be eligible for addition to the Underlying Index. Stocks having a float-adjusted market capitalization between US$400 and US$500 million must have a liquidity ratio greater than 150% to be eligible for addition to the Underlying Index. Existing index constituents must have a liquidity ratio greater than 50% to remain in the Underlying Index at the quarterly rebalancing. The length of time to evaluate liquidity is reduced to the available trading period for IPOs or spin-offs that do not have 12 months of trading history.

Takeover Restrictions: At the discretion of S&P^®, constituents with shareholder ownership restrictions defined in company bylaws may be deemed ineligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index. Ownership restrictions preventing entities from replicating the index weight of a company may be excluded from the eligible universe or removed from the Underlying Index.

Turnover: S&P^® believes turnover in index membership should be avoided when possible. At times, a company may appear to temporarily violate one or

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Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

more of the addition criteria. However, the addition criteria are for addition to the Underlying Index, not for continued membership. As a result, an index constituent that appears to violate the criteria for addition to the Underlying Index will not be deleted unless ongoing conditions warrant a change in the composition of the Underlying Index.

Historical Performance of the KRE

The following graph sets forth the daily historical performance of the KRE in the period from January 2, 2020 through September 8, 2025. We obtained this historical data from Bloomberg L.P. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information obtained from Bloomberg L.P. On September 8, 2025, the Closing Market Price of the KRE was $65.52.

This historical data on the KRE is not necessarily indicative of the future performance of the KRE or what the value of the Notes may be. Any historical upward or downward trend in the Closing Market Price of the KRE during any period set forth above is not an indication that the Closing Market Price of the KRE is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time over the term of the Notes.

Before investing in the Notes, you should consult publicly available sources for the Closing Market Prices and trading pattern of the KRE.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-15

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

The Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund

The shares of the XLU are issued by Select Sector SPDR^® Trust, a registered investment company. The XLU seeks investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the Utilities Select Sector Index. The XLU measures the performance of the utilities sector of the U.S. equity market. The XLU is composed of equity securities of companies in the electric utilities, water utilities, multi-utilities, independent power producers and energy traders, and gas utilities industries. The XLU trades on the NYSE Arca under the ticker symbol “XLU.”

The shares of the XLU are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Accordingly, information filed with the SEC relating to the XLU, including its periodic financial reports, may be found on the SEC website.

Investment Approach

The XLU utilizes a “passive” or “indexing” investment approach in attempting to track the performance of the Utilities Select Sector Index. The XLU will invest in substantially all of the securities which comprise the Utilities Select Sector Index. The XLU will normally invest at least 95% of its total assets in common stocks that comprise the Utilities Select Sector Index.

Investment Objective and Strategy

The XLU seeks to provide investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the Utilities Select Sector Index. The investment manager of the XLU uses a replication strategy to try to achieve the XLU’s investment objective, which means that the XLU generally invests in substantially all of the securities represented in the Utilities Select Sector Index in approximately the same proportions as the Utilities Select Sector Index. Under normal market conditions, the XLU generally invests at least 95% of its total assets in the securities comprising the Utilities Select Sector Index. In certain situations or market conditions, the XLU may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies provided that the alternative is consistent with the XLU’s investment objective and is in the best interest of the XLU. For example, if the XLU is unable to invest directly in a component security or if a derivative investment may provide higher liquidity than other types of investments, it may make larger than normal investments in derivatives to maintain exposure to the Utilities Select Sector Index that it tracks. Consequently, under such circumstances, the XLU may invest in a different mix of investments than it would under normal circumstances. The XLU will provide shareholders with at least 60 days notice prior to any material change in its investment policies. The XLU is managed with a passive investment strategy, attempting to track the performance of an unmanaged index of securities. This differs from an actively managed underlying, which typically seeks to outperform a benchmark index.

Notwithstanding the XLU’s investment objective, the return on your Notes will not reflect any dividends paid on shares of the XLU, on the securities purchased by the XLU or on the securities that comprise the Utilities Select Sector Index.

The Select Sector Indices

The underlying index of the XLU is part of the Select Sector Indices. The Select Sector Indices are sub-indices of the S&P 500^® Index (“SPX”). Each stock in the SPX is allocated to at least one Select Sector Index, and the combined companies of the eleven Select Sector Indices represent all of the companies in the SPX. The industry indices are sub-categories within each Select Sector Index and represent a specific industry segment of the overall Select Sector Index. The eleven Select Sector Indices seek to represent the eleven SPX sectors. The index compilation agent for these indices (the “Index Compilation Agent”) determines the composition of the Select Sector Indices based on S&P’s sector classification methodology. (Sector designations are determined by the index sponsor using criteria it has selected or developed. Index sponsors may use very different standards for determining sector designations. In addition, many companies operate in a number of sectors, but are listed in only one sector and the basis on which that sector is selected may also differ. As a result, sector comparisons between indices with different index sponsors may reflect differences in methodology as well as actual differences in the sector composition of the indices.

Each Select Sector Index was developed and is maintained in accordance with the following criteria:

•    Each of the component stocks in a Select Sector Index (the “Component Stocks”) is a constituent company of the SPX.

•    The eleven Select Sector Indices together will include all of the companies represented in the SPX and each of the stocks in the SPX will be allocated to at least one of the Select Sector Indices.

•    The Index Compilation Agent assigns each constituent stock of the SPX to a Select Sector Index. The Index Compilation Agent assigns a company’s stock to a particular Select Sector Index based on S&P Dow Jones Indices’s sector classification methodology as set forth in its Global Industry Classification Standard.

•    Each Select Sector Index is calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices using a modified “market capitalization” methodology. This design ensures that each of the component stocks within a Select Sector Index is represented in a proportion consistent with its percentage with respect to the total market capitalization of that Select Sector Index.

For reweighting purposes, each Select Sector Index is rebalanced quarterly after the close of business on the second to last calculation day of March, June, September and December using the following procedures: (1) The rebalancing reference date is two business days prior to the last calculation day of each quarter; and (2) With prices reflected on the rebalancing reference date, and membership, shares outstanding, additional weight factor (capping factor) and investable weight factors (as described in the section “Computation of the S&P 500 Index^®” below) as of the rebalancing effective date, each

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-16

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

company is weighted using the modified market capitalization methodology. Modifications are made as defined below.

(i)    The indices are first evaluated to ensure none of the indices breach the maximum allowable limits defined in rules (ii) and (v) below. If any of the allowable limits are breached, the component stocks are reweighted based on their float-adjusted market capitalization weights.

(ii)    If any component stock has a weight greater than 24%, that component stock has its float-adjusted market capitalization weight capped at 23%. The 23% weight cap creates a 2% buffer to ensure that no component stock exceeds 25% as of the quarter-end diversification requirement date.

(iii)    All excess weight is equally redistributed to all uncapped component stocks within the relevant Select Sector Index.

(iv)    After this redistribution, if the float-adjusted market capitalization weight of any other component stock(s) then breaches 23%, the process is repeated iteratively until no component stock breaches the 23% weight cap.

(v)    The sum of the component stocks with weight greater than 4.8% cannot exceed 50% of the total index weight. These caps are set to allow for a buffer below the 5% limit.

(vi)    If the rule in step (v) is breached, all the component stocks are ranked in descending order of their float-adjusted market capitalization weights and the first component stock that causes the 50% limit to be breached has its weight reduced to 4.6%.

(vii)    This excess weight is equally redistributed to all component stocks with weights below 4.6%. This process is repeated iteratively until step (v) is satisfied.

(viii)    Index share amounts are assigned to each component stock to arrive at the weights calculated above. Since index shares are assigned based on prices one business day prior to rebalancing, the actual weight of each component stock at the rebalancing differs somewhat from these weights due to market movements.

(ix)    If necessary, the reweighting process may take place more than once prior to the close on the last business day of March, June, September or December to ensure conformity with all diversification requirements.

•    Each Select Sector Index is calculated using the same methodology utilized by S&P Dow Jones Indices in calculating the SPX, using a base-weighted aggregate methodology. The daily calculation of each Select Sector Index is computed by dividing the total market value of the companies in the Select Sector Index by a number called the index divisor.

•    The Index Compilation Agent at any time may determine that a Component Stock which has been assigned to one Select Sector Index has undergone such a transformation in the composition of its business, and should be removed from that Select Sector Index and assigned to a different Select Sector Index. In the event that the Index Compilation Agent notifies S&P Dow Jones Indices that a Component Stock’s Select Sector Index assignment should be changed, S&P Dow Jones Indices will disseminate notice of the change following its standard procedure for announcing index changes and will implement the change in the affected Select Sector Indices on a date no less than one week after the initial dissemination of information on the sector change to the maximum extent practicable. It is not anticipated that Component Stocks will change sectors frequently.

•    Component Stocks removed from and added to the SPX will be deleted from and added to the appropriate Select Sector Index on the same schedule used by S&P Dow Jones Indices for additions and deletions from the SPX insofar as practicable.

The S&P 500^® Index

The SPX includes a representative sample of 500 companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy. The SPX is intended to provide an indication of the pattern of common stock price movement. The calculation of the level of the SPX is based on the relative value of the aggregate market value of the common stocks of 500 companies as of a particular time compared to the aggregate average market value of the common stocks of 500 similar companies during the base period of the years 1941 through 1943.

The SPX includes companies from eleven main groups: Communication Services; Consumer Discretionary; Consumer Staples; Energy; Financials; Health Care; Industrials; Information Technology; Real Estate; Materials; and Utilities. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“SPDJI”), the sponsor of the SPX, may from time to time, in its sole discretion, add companies to, or delete companies from, the SPX to achieve the objectives stated above.

SPDJI calculates the SPX by reference to the prices of the constituent stocks of the SPX without taking account of the value of dividends paid on those stocks. As a result, the return on the Notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the SPX constituent stocks and received the dividends paid on those stocks.

Computation of the SPX

While SPDJI currently employs the following methodology to calculate the SPX, no assurance can be given that SPDJI will not modify or change this methodology in a manner that may affect payments on the Notes.

Historically, the market value of any component stock of the SPX was calculated as the product of the market price per share and the number of then

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Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

outstanding shares of such component stock. In March 2005, SPDJI began shifting the SPX halfway from a market capitalization weighted formula to a float-adjusted formula, before moving the SPX to full float adjustment on September 16, 2005. SPDJI’s criteria for selecting stocks for the SPX did not change with the shift to float adjustment. However, the adjustment affects each company’s weight in the SPX.

Under float adjustment, the share counts used in calculating the SPX reflect only those shares that are available to investors, not all of a company’s outstanding shares. Float adjustment excludes shares that are closely held by control groups, other publicly traded companies or government agencies.

In September 2012, all shareholdings representing more than 5% of a stock’s outstanding shares, other than holdings by “block owners,” were removed from the float for purposes of calculating the SPX. Generally, these “control holders” will include officers and directors, private equity, venture capital and special equity firms, other publicly traded companies that hold shares for control, strategic partners, holders of restricted shares, ESOPs, employee and family trusts, foundations associated with the company, holders of unlisted share classes of stock, government entities at all levels (other than government retirement/pension funds) and any individual person who controls a 5% or greater stake in a company as reported in regulatory filings. However, holdings by block owners, such as depositary banks, pension funds, mutual funds and ETF providers, 401(k) plans of the company, government retirement/pension funds, investment funds of insurance companies, asset managers and investment funds, independent foundations and savings and investment plans, will ordinarily be considered part of the float.

Treasury stock, stock options, restricted shares, equity participation units, warrants, preferred stock, convertible stock, and rights are not part of the float. Shares held in a trust to allow investors in countries outside the country of domicile, such as depositary shares and Canadian exchangeable shares, are normally part of the float unless those shares form a control block. If a company has multiple classes of stock outstanding, shares in an unlisted or non-traded class are treated as a control block.

For each stock, an investable weight factor (“IWF”) is calculated by dividing the available float shares by the total shares outstanding. Available float shares are defined as the total shares outstanding less shares held by control holders. This calculation is subject to a 5% minimum threshold for control blocks. For example, if a company’s officers and directors hold 3% of the company’s shares, and no other control group holds 5% of the company’s shares, SPDJI would assign that company an IWF of 1.00, as no control group meets the 5% threshold. However, if a company’s officers and directors hold 3% of the company’s shares and another control group holds 20% of the company’s shares, SPDJI would assign an IWF of 0.77, reflecting the fact that 23% of the company’s outstanding shares are considered to be held for control. As of July 31, 2017, companies with multiple share class lines are no longer eligible for inclusion in the SPX. Constituents of the SPX prior to July 31, 2017 with multiple share class lines will be grandfathered in and continue to be included in the SPX. If a constituent company of the SPX reorganizes into a multiple share class line structure, that company will remain in the SPX at the discretion of the S&P Index Committee in order to minimize turnover.

The SPX is calculated using a base-weighted aggregate methodology. The level of the SPX reflects the total market value of all component stocks relative to the base period of the years 1941 through 1943. An indexed number is used to represent the results of this calculation in order to make the level easier to work with and track over time. The actual total market value of the component stocks during the base period of the years 1941 through 1943 has been set to an indexed level of 10. This is often indicated by the notation 1941- 43 = 10. In practice, the daily calculation of the SPX is computed by dividing the total market value of the component stocks by the “index divisor.” By itself, the index divisor is an arbitrary number. However, in the context of the calculation of the SPX, it serves as a link to the original base period level of the SPX. The index divisor keeps the SPX comparable over time and is the manipulation point for all adjustments to the SPX, which is index maintenance.

Index Maintenance

Index maintenance includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to company restructuring or spinoffs. Some corporate actions, such as stock splits and stock dividends, require changes in the common shares outstanding and the stock prices of the companies in the SPX, and do not require index divisor adjustments.

To prevent the level of the SPX from changing due to corporate actions, corporate actions which affect the total market value of the SPX require an index divisor adjustment. By adjusting the index divisor for the change in market value, the level of the SPX remains constant and does not reflect the corporate actions of individual companies in the SPX. Index divisor adjustments are made after the close of trading and after the calculation of the SPX closing level.

Changes in a company’s shares outstanding of 5.00% or more due to mergers, acquisitions, public offerings, tender offers, Dutch auctions, or exchange offers are made as soon as reasonably possible. Share changes due to mergers or acquisitions of publicly held companies that trade on a major exchange are implemented when the transaction occurs, even if both of the companies are not in the same headline index, and regardless of the size of the change. All other changes of 5.00% or more (due to, for example, company stock repurchases, private placements, redemptions, exercise of options, warrants, conversion of preferred stock, notes, debt, equity participation units, at-the-market offerings, or other recapitalizations) are made weekly and are announced on Fridays for implementation after the close of trading on the following Friday. Changes of less than 5.00% are accumulated and made quarterly on the third Friday of March, June, September, and December, and are usually announced two to five days prior.

If a change in a company’s shares outstanding of 5.00% or more causes a company’s IWF to change by five percentage points or more, the IWF is updated at the same time as the share change. IWF changes resulting from partial tender offers are considered on a case by case basis.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-18

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Historical Performance of the XLU

The following graph sets forth the daily historical performance of the XLU in the period from January 2, 2020 through September 8, 2025. We obtained this historical data from Bloomberg L.P. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information obtained from Bloomberg L.P. On September 8, 2025, the Closing Market Price of the XLU was $82.62.

This historical data on the XLU is not necessarily indicative of the future performance of the XLU or what the value of the Notes may be. Any historical upward or downward trend in the Closing Market Price of the XLU during any period set forth above is not an indication that the Closing Market Price of the XLU is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time over the term of the Notes.

Before investing in the Notes, you should consult publicly available sources for the Closing Market Prices and trading pattern of the XLU.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-19

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

The VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF

The SMH is an exchange-traded fund that trades on the NYSE Arca, Inc. under the ticker symbol “SMH.” The SMH seeks to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of the MVIS^® US Listed Semiconductor 25 Index (“MVSMH”). For more information about the MVSMH, please see “The MVIS^® US Listed Semiconductor 25 Index” below.

The SMH, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate the investment performance of the MVSMH by investing in a portfolio of securities that generally replicates the MVSMH.

The SMH’s return may not match the return of the MVSMH for a number of reasons. For example, the SMH incurs a number of operating expenses not applicable to the MVSMH and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities, especially when rebalancing the SMH’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition of the MVSMH, which are not factored into the return of the MVSMH. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the SMH’s net asset value to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an authorized participant. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the SMH’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the MVSMH. Errors in the MVSMH data, the MVSMH computations and/or the construction of the MVSMH in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the MVSMH provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the SMH and its shareholders. In addition, the SMH may not invest in certain securities included in the MVSMH, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the MVSMH. The SMH’s performance may also deviate from the return of the MVSMH due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain listing standards of the SMH’s listing exchange, a lack of liquidity on stock exchanges in which the securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory reasons (such as diversification requirements). The SMH may value certain of its investments and/or other assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the SMH calculates its net asset value based on fair value prices and the value of the MVSMH is based on securities’ closing prices (i.e., the value of the MVSMH is not based on fair value prices), the SMH’s ability to track the MVSMH may be adversely affected. In addition, any issues the SMH encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the cost of borrowing funds, if any) and repatriation may also increase tracking risk. In light of the factors discussed above, the SMH’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the MVSMH. Changes to the composition of the MVSMH in connection with a rebalancing or reconstitution of the MVSMH may cause the SMH to experience increased volatility, during which time the SMH’s index tracking risk may be heightened.

The MVIS^® US Listed Semiconductor 25 Index

All information contained in this pricing supplement regarding the MVSMH, including, without limitation, its make-up, method of calculation and changes in its components, from publicly available information, without independent verification. This information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by, MV Index Solutions GmbH (“MVIS”). The MVSMH was developed by MVIS and is maintained and published by MVIS. The MVSMH is calculated by Solactive AG. MVIS has no obligation to continue to publish, and may discontinue the publication of, the MVSMH.

The MVSMH is reported by Bloomberg L.P. under the ticker symbol “MVSMH.”

The MVSMH is designed to track the performance of the largest and most liquid U.S.-listed companies that derive at least 50% (25% for current components) of their revenues from semiconductors. This includes companies engaged primarily in the production of semiconductors and semiconductor equipment. The MVSMH was launched on August 12, 2011 with a base index value of 1,000 as of September 29, 2000.

Index Composition and Maintenance

The Index Universe

The index universe includes only common stocks and stocks with similar characteristics from financial markets that are freely investable for foreign investors and that provide real-time and historical component and currency pricing. Limited partnerships are excluded. Companies from financial markets that are not freely investable for foreign investors or that do not provide real-time and historical component and currency pricing may still be eligible if they have a listing on an eligible exchange and if they meet all the size and liquidity requirements on that exchange.

Only stocks that have a full market capitalization exceeding US$50 million are eligible for the index universe.

Investable Index Universe

Companies with a free-float (or shares available to foreign investors) of less than 5% for existing index components or less than 10% for new components are ineligible for inclusion.

In addition to the above, stocks that are currently not in the MVSMH must meet the following size and liquidity requirements:

•     a full market capitalization exceeding US$150 million;

•     a three-month average-daily-trading volume of at least US$1 million at the current review and also at the previous two reviews; and

•     at least 250,000 shares traded per month over the last six months at the current review and also at the previous two reviews.

For stocks already in the MVSMH the following applies:

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-20

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

•     a full market capitalization exceeding US$75 million; and

•     a three-month average-daily-trading volume of at least US$0.2 million in at least two of the latest three quarters (current review and also at previous two reviews)

•     In addition, a three-month average-daily-trading volume of at least US$0.6 million at current review or at one of the previous two reviews; or

•     at least 200,000 shares traded per month over the last six months at the current review or at one of the previous two reviews.

In case the number of investable stocks drops below the minimum component number for the respective index, current components remain investable.

Only one share line of each company is eligible. In case more than one share line fulfills the above size and liquidity rules, only the largest share line by free-float market capitalization is eligible. MVIS can, in exceptional cases (e.g., significantly higher liquidity), decide for a different share line.

In case the free-float market capitalization of a non-component share line:

•     exceeds the free-float market capitalization of a share line of the same company which is an index component by at least 25%; and

•     fulfills all size and liquidity eligibility criteria for non-components,

•     the current component share line will be replaced by the larger one. MVIS can, in exceptional cases (e.g., significantly higher liquidity), decide to keep the current share line instead.

Index Constituent Selection

The MVSMH is reviewed on a semi-annual basis in March and September.

The target coverage of the MVSMH is 25 companies from the investable universe. MVSMH constituents are selected using the following procedure:

(1)     The largest 50 stocks (by full market capitalization) from the investable universe qualify.

(2)     The 50 stocks are ranked in two different ways — by free-float market capitalization in descending order (the largest company receives rank “1”) and then by three-month average-daily-trading volume in descending order (the most liquid company receives rank “1”). These two ranks are added up.

(3)     The 50 stocks are then ranked by the sum of their two ranks in Step 2 in ascending order. If two companies have the same sum of ranks, the larger company is placed on top.

a.     Initially, the highest ranked 25 companies made up the MVSMH.

b.     On-going, a 10-40 buffer is applied: the highest ranked 10 companies qualify. The remaining 15 companies are selected from the highest ranked remaining current MVSMH components ranked between 11 and 40. If the number of selected companies is still below 25, then the highest ranked remaining stocks are selected until 25 companies have been selected.

Review Schedule

The reviews for the MVSMH are based on the closing data on the last business day in February and August. If a company does not trade on the last business day in February or August, the last available price for this company will be used.

The underlying index data (e.g., new number of shares, new free-float factors and new weighting cap factors) is announced on the second Friday in March or September. The weighting cap factors are based on closing data of the Wednesday prior to the second Friday in March or September. Changes to the MVSMH are implemented and based on the closing prices of the third Friday in March or September. If the third Friday is not a business day, then the review will take place on the last business day before the third Friday. If a constituent of the MVSMH does not trade on the third Friday in March or September, then the last available price for that index constituent will be used. Changes become effective on the next business day. The component changes to the MVSMH are announced on the second Friday in March or September.

Ongoing Maintenance

In addition to the periodic reviews, the MVSMH is continually reviewed for corporate events (e.g., mergers, takeovers, spin-offs, delistings and bankruptcies) that affect the MVSMH components.

Deletions. For all corporate events that result in a stock deletion from the MVSMH, the deleted stock will be replaced with the highest ranked non-component on the most recent selection list immediately only if the number of components in the MVSMH would drop below 20. The replacement stock will be added at the same weight as the deleted stock. Only in case the number of components drop below its minimum due to a merger of two or more index components, the replacement stock will be added with its free-float market capitalization, weighted with the capping factor of the uncapped components in the small-weight group of the weighting scheme. In all other cases (i.e., there is not replacement), the additional weight resulting from the deletion will be redistributed proportionally across all other components of the MVSMH.

Changes to Free-Float Factor and Number of Shares. Changes to the number of shares or the free-float factors due to corporate actions like stock dividends, splits, rights issues, etc. are implemented immediately and will be effective the next trading day (i.e., the ex-date). Simple share/float changes are implemented after a 3-day notice period.

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and Spin-Offs. An IPO stock is eligible for fast-track addition to the index universe for the MVSMH once; either at the next

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-21

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

semi-annual review if it has been trading since at least the last trading day of the month prior to the review snapshot dates (i.e., the last trading day in February or August) or else at the then-following semi-annual review. In order to be added to the MVSMH the IPO stock has to meet the size and liquidity requirements:

•     the IPO must have a full market capitalization exceeding US$150 million;

•     the IPO must have a free-float factor of at least 10%;

•     the IPO must have an average-daily-trading volume of at least US$1 million; and

•     the IPO must have traded at least 250,000 shares per month (or per 22 days).

This rule is applicable for newly spun-off companies as well.

Changes due to Mergers & Takeovers. A merger or takeover is deemed successful if it has been declared wholly unconditional and has received approval of all regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over the transaction. The result of a merger or takeover is typically one surviving stock and one or more non-surviving stocks that may not necessarily be de-listed from the respective trading system(s).

If a MVSMH component merges with or takes over another MVSMH component: The surviving stock remains in the MVSMH and the other stock is deleted immediately from the MVSMH. Its shares and float are adjusted according to the terms of the merger/takeover. The index market capitalization of the merged company corresponds to the market capitalization of the two separate companies.

If a MVSMH component merges with or takes over a non-MVSMH component: If the surviving stock meets the MVSMH requirements, then it remains in the MVSMH and its shares (if the share change is greater than 10%) and float are adjusted according to the terms of the merger/takeover. If the surviving stock does not meet the MVSMH requirements, then it is deleted immediately from the MVSMH.

If a non-MVSMH component merges with or takes over a MVSMH component: If the surviving stock meets the MVSMH requirements, then it will be added to the MVSMH (shares (if the share change is greater than 10%) and float adjusted according to the terms of the merger/takeover) and will replace the current MVSMH component. If the surviving stock does not meet the MVSMH requirements, then it will not be added to the MVSMH and the current MVSMH component is deleted immediately from the MVSMH.

Changes due to Spin-Offs. Each spin-off stock is immediately added to the MVSMH for at least two trading days. If a spin-off company does not qualify for the MVSMH, it will be deleted based on its closing price. Shares and floats of the surviving companies are adjusted according to the terms of the spin-off. In case the number of MVSMH components drops below the minimum component number and no non-component stock is eligible as a replacement, the determination of the addition is subject to MVIS’s decision.

Index Calculation

The value of the MVSMH is calculated using the Laspeyres’ formula, rounded to two decimal places, with stock prices converted to U.S. dollars:

where (for all stocks (i) in the MVSMH):

     ·     p _i  = stock price (rounded to four decimal places);

     ·     q _i  = number of shares;

     ·     ff _i  = free-float factor (rounded to two decimal places);

     ·     fx _i  = exchange rate (local currency to U.S. Dollar) (rounded to 12 decimal places);

     ·     cf _i  = sector-weighting cap factor (if applicable, otherwise set to 1) (rounded to 16 decimal places);

     ·     M = free-float market capitalization of the MVSMH; and

     ·     D = divisor (rounded to six decimal places).

Free-Float

The MVSMH is free-float adjusted — that is, the number of shares outstanding is reduced to exclude closely held shares (amount larger than 5% of the company’s full market capitalization) from the index calculation. At times, other adjustments are made to the share count to reflect foreign ownership limits. These are combined with the block-ownership adjustments into a single factor. To avoid unwanted double counting, either the block-ownership adjustment or the restricted stocks adjustment is applied, whichever produces the higher result. Free-float factors are reviewed quarterly.

Company-Weighting Cap Factors

Companies in the MVSMH are weighted according to their free-float market capitalization, as modified by the company-weighting cap factors. The MVSMH used the company-weighting cap factors to ensure diversification to avoid overweighting. The company-weighting cap factors are reviewed quarterly and applied, if necessary. The following weighting scheme applies to the MVSMH:

(1)     All MVSMH components are weighted by their free-float market capitalization.

(2)     All companies exceeding 4.5% but at least the largest five and at the maximum the largest 10 companies are grouped together (so called

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-22

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

“Large-Weights”). All other companies are grouped together as well (so called “Small-Weights“).

(3)     The aggregated weighting of the Large-Weights is capped at 50%:

a.     Large-Weights: If the aggregated weighting of all companies in Large-Weight exceeds 50%, then a capping factor is calculated to bring the weighting down to 50%; at the same time, a second capping factor for the Small-Weights is calculated to increase the aggregated weight to 50%. These two factors are then applied to all companies in the Large-Weights or the Small-Weights respectively.

b.     Large-Weights: The maximum weight for any single stock is 20% and the minimum weighting is 5%. If a stock is above the maximum or below the minimum weight, then the weight will be reduced to the maximum weight or increased to the minimum weight and the excess weight will be re-distributed proportionally across all other remaining MVSMH constituents in the Large-Weights.

c.     Small-Weights: The maximum weight for any single stock is 4.5%. If a stock is above the maximum weight, then the weight will be reduced to the maximum weight and the excess weight will be re-distributed proportionally across all other remaining MVSMH constituents in the Small-Weights.

Divisor Adjustments

Index maintenance (reflecting changes in, e.g., shares outstanding, capital actions, addition or deletion of stocks to the MVSMH) should not change the level of the MVSMH. This is accomplished with an adjustment to the divisor. Any change to the stocks in the MVSMH that alters the total market value of the MVSMH while holding stock prices constant will require a divisor adjustment.

where ∆MC is the difference between closing market capitalization and adjusted closing market capitalization of the MVSMH.

Data Correction

Incorrect or missing input data will be corrected immediately.

Corporate Action Related Adjustments

Corporate actions range widely from routine share issuances or buy backs to unusual events like spin-offs or mergers. These are listed on the table below with notes about the necessary changes and whether the divisor will be adjusted. Implementation takes place on the ex-date.

Special cash dividend pi, adjusted = pi – (Dividend x (1 – Withholding Tax))	Divisor change: Yes
Split Shareholders receive “B” new shares for every “A” share held.	Divisor change: No
Rights offering Shareholders receive “B” new shares for every “A” share held. If the subscription-price is either not available or not smaller than the closing price, then no adjustment will be done.	Divisor change: No

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-23

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Stock dividend Shareholders receive “B” new shares for every “A” share held.	Divisor change: No
Stock dividend from treasury Stock dividends from treasury are adjusted as ordinary cash dividends. Shareholders receive ‘B’ new shares for every ‘A’ share held.	Divisor change: Yes
Stock dividend of a different company security Shareholders receive “B” shares of a different company for every “A” share held.	Divisor change: Yes
Spin-offs Shareholders receive “B” shares of a different company for every “A” share held.	Divisor change: Yes
Addition/deletion of a company Net change in market value determines the divisor adjustment.	Divisor change: Yes
Changes in shares outstanding/free-float Any secondary issuance, share repurchase, buy back, tender offer, Dutch auction, exchange offer, bought deal equity offering or prospectus offering will be updated at the semi-annual review if the change is smaller than 10%. Changes larger than 10% will be pre-announced (3 trading days’ notice) and implemented on a best efforts basis. If necessary and information is available, resulting float changes are taken into consideration. Share changes will not be implemented in the week between review announcement and implementation.	Divisor change: Yes
Changes due to a merger/takeover/spin-off Net change in free-float market value determines the divisor adjustment. In case of no change, the divisor change is 0.	Divisor change: Yes

With corporate actions where cash dividends or other corporate assets are distributed to shareholders, the price of the stock will drop on the ex-dividend day (the first day when a new shareholder is eligible to receive the distribution). The effect of the divisor adjustment is to prevent this price drop from causing a corresponding drop in the MVSMH.

Corporate actions are announced at least four days prior to implementation.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-24

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Historical Performance of the SMH

The following graph sets forth the daily historical performance of the SMH in the period from January 2, 2020 through September 8, 2025. We obtained this historical data from Bloomberg L.P. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information obtained from Bloomberg L.P. On September 8, 2025, the Closing Market Price of the SMH was $296.52.

This historical data on the SMH is not necessarily indicative of the future performance of the SMH or what the value of the Notes may be. Any historical upward or downward trend in the Closing Market Price of the SMH during any period set forth above is not an indication that the Closing Market Price of the SMH is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time over the term of the Notes.

Before investing in the Notes, you should consult publicly available sources for the Closing Market Prices and trading pattern of the SMH.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-25

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Supplement to the Plan of Distribution; Role of BofAS and Conflicts of Interest

BofAS, a broker-dealer affiliate of ours, is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) and will participate as selling agent in the distribution of the Notes. Accordingly, the offering of the Notes will conform to the requirements of FINRA Rule 5121. BofAS may not make sales in this offering to any of its discretionary accounts without the prior written approval of the account holder.

We expect to deliver the Notes against payment therefor in New York, New York on a date that is greater than one business day following the pricing date. Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, if the initial settlement of the Notes occurs more than one business day from the pricing date, purchasers who wish to trade the Notes more than one business day prior to the original issue date will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.

Under our distribution agreement with BofAS, BofAS will purchase the Notes from us as principal at the public offering price indicated on the cover of this pricing supplement, less the indicated underwriting discount, if any. BofAS will sell the Notes to other broker-dealers that will participate in the offering and that are not affiliated with us, at an agreed discount to the principal amount. Each of those broker-dealers may sell the Notes to one or more additional broker-dealers. BofAS has informed us that these discounts may vary from dealer to dealer and that not all dealers will purchase or repurchase the Notes at the same discount. Certain dealers who purchase the Notes for sale to certain fee-based advisory accounts may forgo some or all of their selling concessions, fees or commissions. The public offering price for investors purchasing the Notes in these fee-based advisory accounts may be as low as $990.00 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes. In addition to the underwriting discount, if any, an affiliate of BofA Finance will pay a referral fee of up to $5.00 per $1,000.00 in principal amount of Notes in connection with the distribution of the Notes to other registered broker-dealers.

BofAS and any of our other broker-dealer affiliates may use this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus for offers and sales in secondary market transactions and market-making transactions in the Notes. However, they are not obligated to engage in such secondary market transactions and/or market-making transactions. These broker-dealer affiliates may act as principal or agent in these transactions, and any such sales will be made at prices related to prevailing market conditions at the time of the sale.

At BofAS’s discretion, for a short, undetermined initial period after the issuance of the Notes, BofAS may offer to buy the Notes in the secondary market at a price that may exceed the initial estimated value of the Notes. Any price offered by BofAS for the Notes will be based on then-prevailing market conditions and other considerations, including the performance of the Underlyings and the remaining term of the Notes. However, none of us, the Guarantor, BofAS or any of our other affiliates is obligated to purchase your Notes at any price or at any time, and we cannot assure you that any party will purchase your Notes at a price that equals or exceeds the initial estimated value of the Notes.

Any price that BofAS may pay to repurchase the Notes will depend upon then prevailing market conditions, the creditworthiness of us and the Guarantor, and transaction costs. At certain times, this price may be higher than or lower than the initial estimated value of the Notes.

European Economic Area and United Kingdom

None of this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus or the accompanying prospectus supplement is a prospectus for the purposes of the Prospectus Regulation (as defined below). This pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement have been prepared on the basis that any offer of Notes in any Member State of the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) or in the United Kingdom (each, a “Relevant State”) will only be made to a legal entity which is a qualified investor under the Prospectus Regulation (“Qualified Investors”). Accordingly any person making or intending to make an offer in that Relevant State of Notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated in this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement may only do so with respect to Qualified Investors. Neither BofA Finance nor BAC has authorized, nor does it authorize, the making of any offer of Notes other than to Qualified Investors. The expression “Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.

PROHIBITION OF SALES TO EEA AND UNITED KINGDOM RETAIL INVESTORS – The Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the EEA or in the United Kingdom. For these purposes: (a) a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU, as amended (“MiFID II”); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97 (the Insurance Distribution Directive) where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Regulation; and (b) the expression “offer” includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the Notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the Notes. Consequently no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014, as amended (the “PRIIPs Regulation”) for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the EEA or in the United Kingdom has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the EEA or in the United Kingdom may be unlawful under the PRIIPs Regulation.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-26

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

United Kingdom

The communication of this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and any other document or materials relating to the issue of the Notes offered hereby is not being made, and such documents and/or materials have not been approved, by an authorized person for the purposes of Section 21 of the United Kingdom’s Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended (the “FSMA”). Accordingly, such documents and/or materials are not being distributed to, and must not be passed on to, the general public in the United Kingdom. The communication of such documents and/or materials as a financial promotion is only being made to those persons in the United Kingdom who have professional experience in matters relating to investments and who fall within the definition of investment professionals (as defined in Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the “Financial Promotion Order”)), or who fall within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Financial Promotion Order, or who are any other persons to whom it may otherwise lawfully be made under the Financial Promotion Order (all such persons together being referred to as “Relevant Persons”). In the United Kingdom, the Notes offered hereby are only available to, and any investment or investment activity to which this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relates will be engaged in only with, Relevant Persons. Any person in the United Kingdom that is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or any of their contents.

Any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the FSMA) in connection with the issue or sale of the Notes may only be communicated or caused to be communicated in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to BofA Finance, as Issuer, or BAC, as Guarantor.

All applicable provisions of the FSMA must be complied with in respect to anything done by any person in relation to the Notes in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-27

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Structuring the Notes

The Notes are our debt securities, the return on which is linked to the performance of the Underlyings. The related guarantee is BAC’s obligation. As is the case for all of our and BAC’s respective debt securities, including our market-linked notes, the economic terms of the Notes reflect our and BAC’s actual or perceived creditworthiness at the time of pricing. In addition, because market-linked notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us and BAC, BAC typically borrows the funds under these types of notes at a rate, which we refer to in this pricing supplement as BAC’s internal funding rate, that is more favorable to BAC than the rate that it might pay for a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security. This generally relatively lower internal funding rate, which is reflected in the economic terms of the Notes, along with the fees and charges associated with market-linked notes, typically results in the initial estimated value of the Notes on the pricing date being less than their public offering price.

In order to meet our payment obligations on the Notes, at the time we issue the Notes, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives) with BofAS or one of our other affiliates. The terms of these hedging arrangements are determined based upon terms provided by BofAS and its affiliates, and take into account a number of factors, including our and BAC’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements, the volatility of the Underlyings, the tenor of the Notes and the hedging arrangements. The economic terms of the Notes and their initial estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements.

BofAS has advised us that the hedging arrangements will include hedging related charges, reflecting the costs associated with, and our affiliates’ profit earned from, these hedging arrangements. Since hedging entails risk and may be influenced by unpredictable market forces, actual profits or losses from these hedging transactions may be more or less than any expected amounts.

For further information, see “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-5 and “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” on page PS-20 of the accompanying product supplement.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-28

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary

The following summary of the material U.S. federal income and estate tax considerations of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the Notes supplements, and to the extent inconsistent supersedes, the discussion under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), regulations promulgated under the Code by the U.S. Treasury Department (“Treasury”) (including proposed and temporary regulations), rulings, current administrative interpretations and official pronouncements of the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. This summary does not include any description of the tax laws of any state or local governments, or of any foreign government, that may be applicable to a particular holder.

Although the Notes are issued by us, they will be treated as if they were issued by BAC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly throughout this tax discussion, references to “we,” “our” or “us” are generally to BAC unless the context requires otherwise.

This summary is directed solely to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders that, except as otherwise specifically noted, will purchase the Notes upon original issuance and will hold the Notes as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code, which generally means property held for investment, and that are not excluded from the discussion under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus.

You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences to you of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the Notes, as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local, foreign, or other tax jurisdiction and the possible effects of changes in U.S. federal or other tax laws.

General

Although there is no statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addressing the characterization of the Notes, we intend to treat the Notes for all tax purposes as single financial contracts with respect to the Underlyings and under the terms of the Notes, we and every investor in the Notes agree, in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary, to treat the Notes in accordance with such characterization. In the opinion of our counsel, Sidley Austin LLP, it is reasonable to treat the Notes as single financial contracts with respect to the Underlyings. This discussion assumes that the Notes constitute single financial contracts with respect to the Underlyings for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Notes did not constitute single financial contracts, the tax consequences described below would be materially different.

This characterization of the Notes is not binding on the IRS or the courts. No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the Notes or any similar instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and no ruling is being requested from the IRS with respect to their proper characterization and treatment. Due to the absence of authorities on point, significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes are not certain, and no assurance can be given that the IRS or any court will agree with the characterization and tax treatment described in this pricing supplement. Accordingly, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes, including possible alternative characterizations.

Unless otherwise stated, the following discussion is based on the characterization described above. The discussion in this section assumes that there is a significant possibility of a significant loss of principal on an investment in the Notes.

We will not attempt to ascertain whether the issuer of any Underlying would be treated as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”), within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code, or a United States real property holding corporation, within the meaning of Section 897(c) of the Code. If the issuer of any Underlying were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could possibly apply to a holder of the Notes. You should refer to information filed with the SEC by the issuers of the Underlyings and consult your tax advisor regarding the possible consequences to you, if any, if the issuer of any Underlying is or becomes a PFIC or is or becomes a United States real property holding corporation.

U.S. Holders

Upon receipt of a cash payment at maturity or upon a sale, exchange, or redemption of the Notes prior to maturity, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Notes. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Notes will equal the amount paid by that holder to acquire them. Subject to the discussion below concerning the possible application of the “constructive ownership” rules of Section 1260 of the Code, this capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held the Notes for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Possible Application of Section 1260 of the Code. Since the Underlyings are the type of financial assets described under Section 1260 of the Code (including, among others, any equity interest in pass-through entities such as exchange traded funds, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, partnerships, and passive foreign investment companies, each a “Section 1260 Financial Asset”), while the matter is not entirely clear, there may exist a risk that an investment in the Notes will be treated , in whole or in part, as a “constructive ownership transaction” to which Section 1260 of the Code applies. If Section 1260 of the Code applies, all or a portion of any long-term capital gain recognized by a U.S. Holder in respect of the Notes will be recharacterized as ordinary income (the “Excess Gain”). In addition, an interest charge will also apply to any deemed underpayment of tax in respect of any Excess Gain to the extent such gain would have resulted in gross income inclusion for the U.S. Holder in taxable years prior to the

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-29

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

taxable year of the sale, exchange, redemption, or settlement (assuming such income accrued at a constant rate equal to the applicable federal rate as of the date of sale, exchange, redemption, or settlement).

If an investment in the Notes is treated as a constructive ownership transaction, it is not clear to what extent any long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder in respect of the Notes will be recharacterized as ordinary income. It is possible, for example, that the amount of the Excess Gain (if any) that would be recharacterized as ordinary income in respect of the Notes will equal the excess of (i) any long-term capital gain recognized by the U.S. Holder in respect of the Notes and attributable to Section 1260 Financial Assets, over (ii) the “net underlying long-term capital gain” (as defined in Section 1260 of the Code) such U.S. Holder would have had if such U.S. Holder had acquired an amount of the corresponding Section 1260 Financial Assets at fair market value on the original issue date for an amount equal to the portion of the issue price of the Notes attributable to the corresponding Section 1260 Financial Assets and sold such amount of Section 1260 Financial Assets at maturity or upon sale, exchange or redemption of the Notes at fair market value. Unless otherwise established by clear and convincing evidence, the net underlying long-term capital gain is treated as zero and therefore it is possible that all long-term capital gain recognized by a U.S. Holder in respect of the Notes will be recharacterized as ordinary income if Section 1260 of the Code applies to an investment in the Notes. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of Section 1260 of the Code to an investment in the Notes.

As described below, the IRS, as indicated in Notice 2008-2 (the “Notice”), is considering whether Section 1260 of the Code generally applies or should apply to the Notes, including in situations where the Underlyings are not the type of financial asset described under Section 1260 of the Code.

Alternative Tax Treatments. Due to the absence of authorities that directly address the proper tax treatment of the Notes, prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding all possible alternative tax treatments of an investment in the Notes. In particular, the IRS could seek to subject the Notes to the Treasury regulations governing contingent payment debt instruments. If the IRS were successful in that regard, the timing and character of income on the Notes would be affected significantly. Among other things, a U.S. Holder would be required to accrue original issue discount every year at a “comparable yield” determined at the time of issuance. In addition, any gain realized by a U.S. Holder at maturity or upon a sale, exchange, or redemption of the Notes generally would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized at maturity or upon a sale, exchange, or redemption of the Notes generally would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s prior accruals of original issue discount, and as capital loss thereafter.

The Notice sought comments from the public on the taxation of financial instruments currently taxed as “prepaid forward contracts.” This Notice addresses instruments such as the Notes. According to the Notice, the IRS and Treasury are considering whether a holder of an instrument such as the Notes should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis, regardless of whether any payments are made prior to maturity. It is not possible to determine what guidance the IRS and Treasury will ultimately issue, if any. Any such future guidance may affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain, or loss in respect of the Notes, possibly with retroactive effect.

The IRS and Treasury are also considering additional issues, including whether additional gain or loss from such instruments should be treated as ordinary or capital, whether foreign holders of such instruments should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accruals, whether Section 1260 of the Code, concerning certain “constructive ownership transactions,” generally applies or should generally apply to such instruments, and whether any of these determinations depend on the nature of the underlying asset.

In addition, proposed Treasury regulations require the accrual of income on a current basis for contingent payments made under certain notional principal contracts. The preamble to the regulations states that the “wait and see” method of accounting does not properly reflect the economic accrual of income on those contracts, and requires current accrual of income for some contracts already in existence. While the proposed regulations do not apply to prepaid forward contracts, the preamble to the proposed regulations expresses the view that similar timing issues exist in the case of prepaid forward contracts. If the IRS or Treasury publishes future guidance requiring current economic accrual for contingent payments on prepaid forward contracts, it is possible that you could be required to accrue income over the term of the Notes.

Because of the absence of authority regarding the appropriate tax characterization of the Notes, it is also possible that the IRS could seek to characterize the Notes in a manner that results in tax consequences that are different from those described above. For example, the IRS could possibly assert that any gain or loss that a holder may recognize at maturity or upon the sale, exchange, or redemption of the Notes should be treated as ordinary gain or loss.

Non-U.S. Holders

Except as discussed below, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax for amounts paid in respect of the Notes provided that the Non-U.S. Holder complies with applicable certification requirements and that the payment is not effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a U.S. trade or business. Notwithstanding the foregoing, gain from the sale, exchange, or redemption of the Notes or their settlement at maturity may be subject to U.S. federal income tax if that Non-U.S. Holder is a non-resident alien individual and is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the sale, exchange, redemption, or settlement and certain other conditions are satisfied.

If a Non-U.S. Holder of the Notes is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. and if any gain realized on the settlement at maturity, or upon sale, exchange, or redemption of the Notes, is effectively connected with the conduct of such trade or business (and, if certain tax treaties apply, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the U.S.), the Non-U.S. Holder, although exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax, generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such gain on a net income basis in the same manner as if it were a U.S. Holder.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-30

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Such Non-U.S. Holders should read the material under the heading “—U.S. Holders,” for a description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the Notes. In addition, if such Non-U.S. Holder is a foreign corporation, it may also be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate provided by any applicable tax treaty) of a portion of its earnings and profits for the taxable year that are effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the U.S., subject to certain adjustments.

A “dividend equivalent” payment is treated as a dividend from sources within the United States and such payments generally would be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax if paid to a Non-U.S. Holder. Under Treasury regulations, payments (including deemed payments) with respect to equity-linked instruments (“ELIs”) that are “specified ELIs” may be treated as dividend equivalents if such specified ELIs reference an interest in an “underlying security,” which is generally any interest in an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if a payment with respect to such interest could give rise to a U.S. source dividend. However, IRS guidance provides that withholding on dividend equivalent payments will not apply to specified ELIs that are not delta-one instruments and that are issued before January 1, 2027. Based on our determination that the Notes are not delta-one instruments, Non-U.S. Holders should not be subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments, if any, under the Notes. However, it is possible that the Notes could be treated as deemed reissued for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the occurrence of certain events affecting the Underlyings or the Notes, and following such occurrence the Notes could be treated as subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments. Non-U.S. Holders that enter, or have entered, into other transactions in respect of the Underlyings or the Notes should consult their tax advisors as to the application of the dividend equivalent withholding tax in the context of the Notes and their other transactions. If any payments are treated as dividend equivalents subject to withholding, we (or the applicable paying agent) would be entitled to withhold taxes without being required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.

As discussed above, alternative characterizations of the Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes are possible. Should an alternative characterization, by reason of change or clarification of the law, by regulation or otherwise, cause payments as to the Notes to become subject to withholding tax, tax will be withheld at the applicable statutory rate. As discussed above, the IRS has indicated in the Notice that it is considering whether income in respect of instruments such as the Notes should be subject to withholding tax. Prospective Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of such alternative characterizations.

U.S. Federal Estate Tax. Under current law, while the matter is not entirely clear, individual Non-U.S. Holders, and entities whose property is potentially includible in those individuals’ gross estates for U.S. federal estate tax purposes (for example, a trust funded by such an individual and with respect to which the individual has retained certain interests or powers), should note that, absent an applicable treaty benefit, a Note is likely to be treated as U.S. situs property, subject to U.S. federal estate tax. These individuals and entities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal estate tax consequences of investing in a Note.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Please see the discussion under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — General — Backup Withholding and Information Reporting” in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of the backup withholding and information reporting rules to payments made on the Notes.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-31

Auto-Callable Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the SPDR^® S&P Regional Banking ETF, the Utilities Select Sector SPDR^® Fund and the VanEck^® Semiconductor ETF 

Where You Can Find More Information

The terms and risks of the Notes are contained in this pricing supplement and in the following related product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, which can be accessed at the following links:

•    Product Supplement EQUITY-1 dated December 30, 2022: 
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1682472/000119312522315473/d429684d424b2.htm

•    Series A MTN prospectus supplement dated December 30, 2022 and prospectus dated December 30, 2022: 
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1682472/000119312522315195/d409418d424b3.htm

This pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus have been filed as part of a registration statement with the SEC, which may, without cost, be accessed on the SEC website at www.sec.gov or obtained from BofAS by calling 1-800-294-1322. Before you invest, you should read this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus for information about us, BAC and this offering. Any prior or contemporaneous oral statements and any other written materials you may have received are superseded by this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus. Certain terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement have the meanings set forth in the accompanying product supplement or prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this document to “we,” “us,” “our,” or similar references are to BofA Finance, and not to BAC.

The Notes are our senior debt securities. Any payments on the Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by BAC. The Notes and the related guarantee are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or secured by collateral. The Notes will rank equally in right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations, except obligations that are subject to any priorities or preferences by law. The related guarantee will rank equally in right of payment with all of BAC’s other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations, except obligations that are subject to any priorities or preferences by law, and senior to its subordinated obligations. Any payments due on the Notes, including any repayment of the principal amount, will be subject to the credit risk of BofA Finance, as Issuer, and BAC, as Guarantor.

AUTO-CALLABLE NOTES |  PS-32