Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

The table below summarizes select information related to first-lien mortgage securitizations for 2024, 2023 and 2022.



First-lien Mortgage Securitizations

	Residential Mortgage - Agency				Commercial Mortgage


(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2022		2024		2023		2022
Proceeds from loan sales (1)	$	4,459	$	4,513	$	8,084	$	13,392	$	2,132	$	5,853
Gains (losses) on securitizations (2)	(6)		(15)		8		164		44		46
Repurchases from securitization trusts (3)	36		33		53		—		—		—

(1)The Corporation transfers residential mortgage loans to securitizations sponsored primarily by the GSEs or GNMA in the normal course of business and primarily receives residential mortgage-backed securities in exchange. Substantially all of these securities are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and are typically sold shortly after receipt.

(2)A majority of the first-lien residential mortgage loans securitized are initially classified as LHFS and accounted for under the fair value option. Gains recognized on these LHFS prior to securitization, which totaled $33 million, $49 million and $41 million, net of hedges, during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are not included in the table above.

(3)The Corporation may have the option to repurchase delinquent loans out of securitization trusts, which reduces the amount of servicing advances it is required to make. The Corporation may also repurchase loans from securitization trusts to perform modifications. Repurchased loans include FHA-insured mortgages collateralizing GNMA securities.

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The table below summarizes the maximum loss exposure and assets held by the Corporation that related to other asset-backed VIEs at December 31, 2024 and 2023.



Other Asset-backed VIEs

	Credit Card and Automobile (1)				Resecuritization Trusts and Customer VIEs				Municipal Bond Trusts and CDOs				Investment VIEs and Leveraged Lease Trusts
	December 31
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Unconsolidated VIEs
Maximum loss exposure	$	—	$	—	$	5,300	$	4,494	$	1,839	$	1,787	$	2,454	$	2,197
On-balance sheet assets
Securities (2):
Trading account assets	$	—	$	—	$	1,641	$	626	$	16	$	23	$	354	$	469
Debt securities carried at fair value	—		—		809		920		—		—		—		4
Held-to-maturity securities	—		—		1,983		2,237		—		—		—		—
Loans and leases	—		—		—		—		—		—		70		90
Allowance for loan and lease losses	—		—		—		—		—		—		(2)		(12)
All other assets	—		—		868		711		6		7		1,522		1,168
Total retained positions	$	—	$	—	$	5,301	$	4,494	$	22	$	30	$	1,944	$	1,719
Total assets of VIEs	$	—	$	—	$	24,216	$	15,862	$	6,474	$	9,279	$	22,965	$	18,398

Consolidated VIEs
Maximum loss exposure	$	9,385	$	8,127	$	583	$	1,240	$	3,519	$	3,136	$	1,012	$	1,596
On-balance sheet assets
Trading account assets	$	—	$	—	$	1,002	$	1,798	$	3,436	$	3,084	$	5	$	1
Debt securities carried at fair value	—		—		—		—		83		52		—		—
Loans and leases	18,110		16,640		—		—		—		—		1,012		1,605
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(924)		(832)		—		—		—		—		(1)		(1)

All other assets	195		163		39		38		—		—		1		15
Total assets	$	17,381	$	15,971	$	1,041	$	1,836	$	3,519	$	3,136	$	1,017	$	1,620
On-balance sheet liabilities
Short-term borrowings	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,329	$	2,934	$	—	$	23
Long-term debt	7,975		7,825		458		596		—		—		5		1
All other liabilities	21		19		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total liabilities	$	7,996	$	7,844	$	458	$	596	$	3,329	$	2,934	$	5	$	24

(1)At December 31, 2024 and 2023 loans and leases in the consolidated credit card trust included $4.5 billion and $3.2 billion of seller’s interest.

(2)The retained senior securities were valued using quoted market prices or observable market inputs (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

Mortgage And Home Equity Securitizations

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The following table summarizes select information related to mortgage and home equity securitization trusts in which the Corporation held a variable interest and had continuing involvement at December 31, 2024 and 2023.



Mortgage and Home Equity Securitizations

	Residential Mortgage
					Non-agency
	Agency				Prime and Alt-A				Subprime				Home Equity (1)				Commercial Mortgage
	December 31
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Unconsolidated VIEs
Maximum loss exposure (2)	$	7,353	$	8,190	$	84	$	92	$	301	$	657	$	—	$	—	$	1,640	$	1,558
On-balance sheet assets
Senior securities:
Trading account assets	$	126	$	235	$	10	$	13	$	12	$	20	$	—	$	—	$	328	$	70
Debt securities carried at fair value	2,222		2,541		—		—		416		341		—		—		—		—
Held-to-maturity securities	5,005		5,414		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,172		1,287
All other assets	—		—		3		4		23		23		—		—		41		79
Total retained positions	$	7,353	$	8,190	$	13	$	17	$	451	$	384	$	—	$	—	$	1,541	$	1,436
Principal balance outstanding (3)	$	69,018	$	76,134	$	12,590	$	13,963	$	4,180	$	4,508	$	187	$	252	$	90,222	$	80,078

Consolidated VIEs
Maximum loss exposure (2)	$	1,132	$	1,164	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10	$	12	$	—	$	—
On-balance sheet assets
Trading account assets	$	1,132	$	1,171	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Loans and leases	—		—		—		—		—		—		22		31		—		—
Allowance for loan and lease losses	—		—		—		—		—		—		6		7		—		—

All other assets	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		1		—		—
Total assets	$	1,132	$	1,171	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	29	$	39	$	—	$	—




Total liabilities	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	27	$	—	$	—

(1)For unconsolidated home equity loan VIEs, the maximum loss exposure includes outstanding trust certificates issued by trusts in rapid amortization, net of recorded reserves. For both consolidated and unconsolidated home equity loan VIEs, the maximum loss exposure excludes the reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees. For more information, see Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies.

(2)Maximum loss exposure includes obligations under loss-sharing reinsurance and other arrangements for non-agency residential mortgage and commercial mortgage securitizations, but excludes the reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees and also excludes servicing advances and other servicing rights and obligations. For more information, see Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies and Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements.

(3)Principal balance outstanding includes loans where the Corporation was the transferor to securitization VIEs with which it has continuing involvement, which may include servicing the loans.

Tax Credit Vehicles

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The table below summarizes select information related to unconsolidated tax credit VIEs in which the Corporation held a variable interest at December 31, 2024 and 2023.



Unconsolidated Tax Credit VIEs


	December 31

(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023
Maximum loss exposure	$	29,727		$	30,040
On-balance sheet assets






All other assets	29,727			30,040
Total	$	29,727		$	30,040

On-balance sheet liabilities



All other liabilities	7,599			7,254
Total	$	7,599		$	7,254
Total assets of VIEs	$	85,654		$	84,148

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

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- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

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