UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to

Commission file number:

1-6523

Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter:

Bank of America Corporation

State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization:

Delaware

IRS Employer Identification No.:

56-0906609

Address of principal executive offices:

Bank of America Corporate Center

100 N. Tryon Street

Charlotte, North Carolina 28255

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(704) 386-5681

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	BAC	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share	BAC PrE	New York Stock Exchange
of Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share	BAC PrB	New York Stock Exchange
of 6.000% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series GG
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share	BAC PrK	New York Stock Exchange
of 5.875% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series HH
7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L	BAC PrL	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share	BML PrG	New York Stock Exchange
of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 1

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share	BML PrH	New York Stock Exchange
of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 2
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share	BML PrJ	New York Stock Exchange
of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 4
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share	BML PrL	New York Stock Exchange
of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 5
Floating Rate Preferred Hybrid Income Term Securities of BAC Capital	BAC/PF	New York Stock Exchange
Trust XIII (and the guarantee related thereto)
5.63% Fixed to Floating Rate Preferred Hybrid Income Term Securities	BAC/PG	New York Stock Exchange
of BAC Capital Trust XIV (and the guarantee related thereto)
Income Capital Obligation Notes initially due December 15, 2066 of	MER PrK	New York Stock Exchange
Bank of America Corporation
Senior Medium-Term Notes, Series A, Step Up Callable Notes, due	BAC/31B	New York Stock Exchange
November 28, 2031 of BofA Finance LLC (and the guarantee
of the Registrant with respect thereto)
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of	BAC PrM	New York Stock Exchange
5.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series KK
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share	BAC PrN	New York Stock Exchange
of 5.000% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series LL
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of	BAC PrO	New York Stock Exchange
4.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series NN
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of	BAC PrP	New York Stock Exchange
4.125% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series PP
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of	BAC PrQ	New York Stock Exchange
4.250% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series QQ
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share	BAC PrS	New York Stock Exchange
of 4.750% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series SS

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

                                         Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).

Yes ☐ No ☑

On July 29, 2024, there were 7,759,577,413 shares of Bank of America Corporation Common Stock outstanding.

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

June 30, 2024

Form 10-Q

INDEX

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements	Page
Consolidated Statement of Income	49
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	49
Consolidated Balance Sheet	50
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	51
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	52
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	53
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles	53
Note 2 – Net Interest Income and Noninterest Income	54
Note 3 – Derivatives	55
Note 4 – Securities	63
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses	66
Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities	77
Note 7 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets	81
Note 8 – Leases	82
Note 9 – Securities Financing Agreements, Collateral and Restricted Cash	82
Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies	84
Note 11 – Shareholders’ Equity	87
Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	87
Note 13 – Earnings Per Common Share	88
Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements	88
Note 15 – Fair Value Option	95
Note 16 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments	97
Note 17 – Business Segment Information	97
Glossary	102
Acronyms	104

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Executive Summary	3
Recent Developments	3
Financial Highlights	4
Supplemental Financial Data	6
Business Segment Operations	10
Consumer Banking	10
Global Wealth & Investment Management	14
Global Banking	16
Global Markets	18
All Other	20
Managing Risk	21
Capital Management	21
Liquidity Risk	25
Credit Risk Management	28
Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management	29
Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management	33
Non-U.S. Portfolio	39
Allowance for Credit Losses	40
Market Risk Management	42
Trading Risk Management	42
Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book	44
Mortgage Banking Risk Management	46
Climate Risk	46
Complex Accounting Estimates	47
Non-GAAP Reconciliations	48
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	48
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	48

1 Bank of America

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	105
Item 1A. Risk Factors	105
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	105
Item 5. Other Information	105
Item 6. Exhibits	106
Signature	106

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Bank of America Corporation (the “Corporation”) and its management may make certain statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipates,” “targets,” “expects,” “hopes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “believes,” “continue” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements represent the Corporation’s current expectations, plans or forecasts of its future results, revenues, liquidity, net interest income, provision for credit losses, expenses, efficiency ratio, capital measures, strategy, deposits, assets, and future business and economic conditions more generally, and other future matters. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and are often beyond the Corporation’s control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any of these forward-looking statements.

You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties more fully discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the Corporation’s subsequent Securities and Exchange Commission filings: the Corporation’s potential judgments, orders, settlements, penalties, fines and reputational damage, which are inherently difficult to predict, resulting from pending, threatened or future litigation and regulatory investigations, proceedings and enforcement actions, of which the Corporation is subject to in the ordinary course of business, including matters related to our processing of unemployment benefits for California and certain other states, the features of our automatic credit card payment service, the adequacy of the Corporation’s anti-money laundering and economic sanctions programs, the processing of electronic payments and related fraud and the rates paid on uninvested cash in investment advisory accounts that is swept into interest-paying bank deposits, which are in various stages; the possibility that the Corporation's future liabilities may be in excess of its recorded liability and estimated range of possible loss for litigation, and regulatory and government actions; the possibility that the Corporation could face increased claims from one or more parties involved in mortgage securitizations; the Corporation's ability to resolve representations and warranties repurchase and related claims; the risks related to the discontinuation of reference rates, including increased expenses and litigation and the effectiveness of hedging strategies; uncertainties about the financial stability and growth rates of non-U.S. jurisdictions, the risk that those jurisdictions may face difficulties servicing their sovereign debt, and related stresses on financial markets, currencies and trade, and the Corporation’s exposures to such risks, including direct, indirect and operational;

the impact of U.S. and global interest rates, inflation, currency exchange rates, economic conditions, trade policies and tensions, including tariffs, and potential geopolitical instability; the impact of the interest rate, inflationary, macroeconomic, banking and regulatory environment on the Corporation’s assets, business, financial condition and results of operations; the impact of adverse developments affecting the U.S. or global banking industry, including bank failures and liquidity concerns, resulting in worsening economic and market volatility, and regulatory responses thereto; the possibility that future credit losses may be higher than currently expected due to changes in economic assumptions, customer behavior, adverse developments with respect to U.S. or global economic conditions and other uncertainties, including the impact of supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures and labor shortages on economic conditions and our business; potential losses related to the Corporation’s concentration of credit risk; the Corporation’s ability to achieve its expense targets and expectations regarding revenue, net interest income, provision for credit losses, net charge-offs, effective tax rate, loan growth or other projections; variances to the underlying assumptions and judgments used in estimating banking book net interest income sensitivity; adverse changes to the Corporation’s credit ratings from the major credit rating agencies; an inability to access capital markets or maintain deposits or borrowing costs; estimates of the fair value and other accounting values, subject to impairment assessments, of certain of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities; the estimated or actual impact of changes in accounting standards or assumptions in applying those standards; uncertainty regarding the content, timing and impact of regulatory capital and liquidity requirements; the impact of adverse changes to total loss-absorbing capacity requirements, stress capital buffer requirements and/or global systemically important bank surcharges; the potential impact of actions of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on the Corporation’s capital plans; the effect of changes in or interpretations of income tax laws and regulations; the impact of implementation and compliance with U.S. and international laws, regulations and regulatory interpretations, including, but not limited to, recovery and resolution planning requirements, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments, the Volcker Rule, fiduciary standards, derivatives regulations and potential changes to loss allocations between financial institutions and customers, including for losses incurred from the use of our products and services, including electronic payments and payment of checks, that were authorized by the customer but induced by fraud; the impact of failures or disruptions in or breaches of the Corporation’s operations or information systems, or those of third parties, including as a result of cybersecurity incidents; the risks related to the development, implementation, use and management of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning; the risks related to the transition and physical impacts of climate change; our ability to achieve environmental, social and governance goals and commitments or the impact of any changes in the Corporation’s sustainability strategy or commitments generally; the impact of uncertain political conditions or any future federal government

Bank of America 2

shutdown and uncertainty regarding the federal government’s debt limit or changes in fiscal, monetary or regulatory policy; the emergence or continuation of widespread health emergencies or pandemics; the impact of natural disasters, extreme weather events, military conflicts (including the Russia/Ukraine conflict, the conflict in the Middle East, the possible expansion of such conflicts and potential geopolitical consequences), terrorism or other geopolitical events; and other matters.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Corporation undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) are incorporated by reference into the MD&A. Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation. Throughout the MD&A, the Corporation uses certain acronyms and abbreviations which are defined in the Glossary.

Executive Summary

Business Overview

The Corporation is a Delaware corporation, a bank holding company (BHC) and a financial holding company. When used in this report, “Bank of America,” “the Corporation,” “we,” “us” and “our” may refer to Bank of America Corporation individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates. Our principal executive offices are located in Charlotte, North Carolina. Through our various bank and nonbank subsidiaries throughout the U.S. and in international markets, we provide a diversified range of banking and nonbank financial services and products through four business segments: Consumer Banking, Global Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM), Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. We operate our banking activities primarily under the Bank of America, National Association (Bank of America, N.A. or BANA) charter. At June 30, 2024, the Corporation had $3.3 trillion in assets and a headcount of approximately 212,000 employees.

As of June 30, 2024, we served clients through operations across the U.S., its territories and more than 35 countries. Our retail banking footprint covers all major markets in the U.S., and we serve approximately 69 million consumer and small business clients with approximately 3,800 retail financial centers, approximately 15,000 ATMs, and leading digital banking platforms (www.bankofamerica.com) with approximately

47 million active users, including approximately 39 million active mobile users. We offer industry-leading support to approximately four million small business households. Our GWIM businesses, with client balances of $4.0 trillion, provide tailored solutions to meet client needs through a full set of investment management, brokerage, banking, trust and retirement products. We are a global leader in corporate and investment banking and trading across a broad range of asset classes serving corporations, governments, institutions and individuals around the world.

The Corporation’s website is www.bankofamerica.com, and the Investor Relations portion of our website is https://investor.bankofamerica.com. We use our website to distribute company information, including as a means of disclosing material, non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. We routinely post and make accessible financial and other information, including environmental, social and governance (ESG) information, regarding the Corporation on our website. Investors should monitor our website, including the Investor Relations portion, in addition to our press releases, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, public conference calls and webcasts. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the information contained on our website as referenced in this paragraph is not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Recent Developments

Capital Management

On June 26, 2024, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve) announced the results of the 2024 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) supervisory stress tests. Based on the results, our stress capital buffer (SCB) is expected to be 3.2 percent, and the Common equity tier 1 (CET1) minimum requirement will be 10.7 percent when finalized. The new SCB will be effective from October 1, 2024 through September 30, 2025.

On July 24, 2024, the Corporation’s Board of Directors (the Board) authorized a $25 billion common stock repurchase program, effective August 1, 2024, to replace the Corporation’s existing program, which will expire on the same date. For more information, see Capital Management – CCAR and Capital Planning on page 21. The Board also declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.26 per share, an increase of eight percent compared to the prior dividend, payable on September 27, 2024 to shareholders of record as of September 6, 2024.

For more information on our capital resources and regulatory developments, see Capital Management beginning on page 21.

3 Bank of America

Financial Highlights

Table 1	Summary Income Statement and Selected Financial Data
		Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions, except per share information)		2024			2023			2024			2023
Income statement
Net interest income		$	13,702		$	14,158		$	27,734		$	28,606
Noninterest income		11,675			11,039			23,461			22,849
Total revenue, net of interest expense		25,377			25,197			51,195			51,455
Provision for credit losses		1,508			1,125			2,827			2,056
Noninterest expense		16,309			16,038			33,546			32,276
Income before income taxes		7,560			8,034			14,822			17,123
Income tax expense		663			626			1,251			1,554
Net income		6,897			7,408			13,571			15,569
Preferred stock dividends		315			306			847			811
Net income applicable to common shareholders		$	6,582		$	7,102		$	12,724		$	14,758
Per common share information
Earnings		$	0.83		$	0.88		$	1.60		$	1.83
Diluted earnings		0.83			0.88			1.59			1.82
Dividends paid		0.24			0.22			0.48			0.44
Performance ratios
Return on average assets (1)		0.85		%	0.94		%	0.84		%	1.00		%
Return on average common shareholders’ equity (1)		9.98			11.21			9.67			11.84
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (2)		13.57			15.49			13.15			16.42
Efficiency ratio (1)		64.26			63.65			65.53			62.73
								June 30 2024			December 31 2023
Balance sheet
Total loans and leases								$	1,056,785		$	1,053,732
Total assets								3,257,996			3,180,151
Total deposits								1,910,491			1,923,827
Total liabilities								2,964,104			2,888,505
Total common shareholders’ equity								267,344			263,249
Total shareholders’ equity								293,892			291,646

(1)For definitions, see Key Metrics on page 103.

(2)Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information and a corresponding reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measures defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 48.

Net income was $6.9 billion and $13.6 billion, or $0.83 and $1.59 per diluted share, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $7.4 billion and $15.6 billion, or $0.88 and $1.82 per diluted share, for the same periods in 2023. The decrease in net income was primarily due to higher noninterest expense and provision for credit losses.

Total assets increased $77.8 billion from December 31, 2023 to $3.3 trillion primarily driven by higher securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell and trading account assets to support Global Markets client activity.

Total liabilities increased $75.6 billion from December 31, 2023 to $3.0 trillion primarily driven by higher securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase to support Global Markets client activity.

Shareholders’ equity increased $2.2 billion from December 31, 2023 primarily due to net income, partially offset by returns of capital to shareholders through common stock repurchases, common and preferred stock dividends, and preferred stock redemptions.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income decreased $456 million to $13.7 billion, and $872 million to $27.7 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. Net interest yield on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis decreased 13 basis points (bps) to 1.93 percent and 17 bps to 1.96 percent for the same periods. The decreases were primarily driven by higher deposit costs, partially offset by higher asset yields and higher net interest income related to Global Markets activity. For more information on net interest yield and FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 6, and for more information on interest rate risk management, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 44.

Bank of America 4

Noninterest Income

Table 2	Noninterest Income
		Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024		2023		2024		2023
Fees and commissions:
Card income		$	1,581	$	1,546	$	3,044	$	3,015
Service charges		1,507		1,364		2,949		2,774
Investment and brokerage services		4,320		3,839		8,507		7,691
Investment banking fees		1,561		1,212		3,129		2,375
Total fees and commissions		8,969		7,961		17,629		15,855
Market making and similar activities		3,298		3,697		7,186		8,409
Other income		(592)		(619)		(1,354)		(1,415)
Total noninterest income		$	11,675	$	11,039	$	23,461	$	22,849

Noninterest income increased $636 million to $11.7 billion and $612 million to $23.5 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. The following highlights the significant changes.

●    Service charges increased $143 million and $175 million primarily driven by higher treasury service charges.

●    Investment and brokerage services increased $481 million and $816 million primarily driven by higher asset management fees due to higher average equity market valuations and positive assets under management (AUM) flows, partially offset by the impact of lower AUM pricing.

●    Investment banking fees increased $349 million and $754 million primarily due to higher debt and equity issuance fees.

●    Market making and similar activities decreased $399 million and $1.2 billion primarily driven by lower trading revenue from macro products in Fixed Income, Currencies and Commodities (FICC). The decreases were partially offset by higher trading revenue in Equities.

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses increased $383 million to $1.5 billion and $771 million to $2.8 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. The provision for credit losses for the current-year periods was primarily driven by credit card loans and the commercial real estate office portfolio, partially offset by an improved macroeconomic outlook. For more information on the provision for credit losses, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 40.

Noninterest Expense

Table 3	Noninterest Expense
		Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024		2023		2024		2023
Compensation and benefits		$	9,826	$	9,401	$	20,021	$	19,319
Occupancy and equipment		1,818		1,776		3,629		3,575
Information processing and communications		1,763		1,644		3,563		3,341
Product delivery and transaction related		891		956		1,742		1,846
Marketing		487		513		942		971
Professional fees		654		527		1,202		1,064
Other general operating		870		1,221		2,447		2,160
Total noninterest expense		$	16,309	$	16,038	$	33,546	$	32,276

Noninterest expense increased $271 million to $16.3 billion and $1.3 billion to $33.5 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. The increases in both periods were primarily driven by higher investments in people and revenue-related compensation,

partially offset by lower litigation expense. The increase in the six-month period also included the additional accrual of $700 million for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) special assessment recorded in the first quarter of 2024, as well as higher investments in technology.

5 Bank of America

Income Tax Expense

Table 4	Income Tax Expense
		Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024			2023			2024			2023
Income before income taxes		$	7,560		$	8,034		$	14,822		$	17,123
Income tax expense		663			626			1,251			1,554
Effective tax rate		8.8		%	7.8		%	8.4		%	9.1		%

The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were primarily driven by our recurring tax preference benefits that mainly consist of tax credits from investments in affordable housing and renewable energy. Also included in the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was the discrete benefit from the $700 million charge recorded in the first quarter for the FDIC special assessment. Absent the tax credits and discrete tax benefits, the effective tax rates would have been approximately 25 percent and 26 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and 26 percent for both the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Supplemental Financial Data

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we present certain non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures exclude certain items or otherwise include components that differ from the most directly comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures are provided as additional useful information to assess our financial condition, results of operations (including period-to-period operating performance) or compliance with prospective regulatory requirements. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as a substitute for GAAP financial measures and may not be defined or calculated the same way as non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.

When presented on a consolidated basis, we view net interest income on an FTE basis as a non-GAAP financial measure. To derive the FTE basis, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent before-tax basis with a corresponding increase in income tax expense. For purposes of this calculation, we use the federal statutory tax rate of 21 percent and a representative state tax rate. Net interest yield, which measures the basis points we earn over the cost of funds, utilizes net interest income on an FTE basis. We believe that presentation of these items on an FTE basis allows for comparison of amounts from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practices.

We may present certain key performance indicators and ratios excluding certain items (e.g., debit valuation adjustment (DVA) gains (losses)), which result in non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that the presentation of measures that exclude these items is useful because such measures provide additional information to assess the underlying operational performance and trends of our businesses and to allow better comparison of period-to-period operating performance.

We also evaluate our business based on certain ratios that utilize tangible equity, a non-GAAP financial measure. Tangible equity represents shareholders’ equity or common

shareholders’ equity reduced by goodwill and intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)), net of related deferred tax liabilities (“adjusted” shareholders’ equity or common shareholders’ equity). These measures are used to evaluate our use of equity. In addition, profitability, relationship and investment models use both return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity and return on average tangible shareholders’ equity as key measures to support our overall growth objectives. These ratios are:

●    Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity measures our net income applicable to common shareholders as a percentage of adjusted average common shareholders’ equity. The tangible common equity ratio represents adjusted ending common shareholders’ equity divided by total tangible assets.

●    Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity measures our net income as a percentage of adjusted average total shareholders’ equity. The tangible equity ratio represents adjusted ending shareholders’ equity divided by total tangible assets.

●    Tangible book value per common share represents adjusted ending common shareholders’ equity divided by ending common shares outstanding.

We believe ratios utilizing tangible equity provide additional useful information because they present measures of those assets that can generate income. Tangible book value per common share provides additional useful information about the level of tangible assets in relation to outstanding shares of common stock.

The aforementioned supplemental data and performance measures are presented in Table 5 on page 7.

For more information on the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the corresponding GAAP financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 48.

Key Performance Indicators

We present certain key financial and nonfinancial performance indicators (key performance indicators) that management uses when assessing our consolidated and/or segment results. We believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information about our underlying operational performance and trends. These key performance indicators (KPIs) may not be defined or calculated in the same way as similar KPIs used by other companies. For information on how these metrics are defined, see Key Metrics on page 103.

Our consolidated key performance indicators, which include various equity and credit metrics, are presented in Table 1 on page 4 and Table 5 on page 7.

For information on key segment performance metrics, see Business Segment Operations on page 10.

Bank of America 6

Table 5	Selected Financial Data
																	Six Months Ended June 30
		2024 Quarters						2023 Quarters
(In millions, except per share information)		Second			First			Fourth			Third			Second			2024			2023
Income statement
Net interest income		$	13,702		$	14,032		$	13,946		$	14,379		$	14,158		$	27,734		$	28,606
Noninterest income		11,675			11,786			8,013			10,788			11,039			23,461			22,849
Total revenue, net of interest expense		25,377			25,818			21,959			25,167			25,197			51,195			51,455
Provision for credit losses		1,508			1,319			1,104			1,234			1,125			2,827			2,056
Noninterest expense		16,309			17,237			17,731			15,838			16,038			33,546			32,276
Income before income taxes		7,560			7,262			3,124			8,095			8,034			14,822			17,123
Income tax expense		663			588			(20)			293			626			1,251			1,554
Net income		6,897			6,674			3,144			7,802			7,408			13,571			15,569
Net income applicable to common shareholders		6,582			6,142			2,838			7,270			7,102			12,724			14,758
Average common shares issued and outstanding		7,897.9			7,968.2			7,990.9			8,017.1			8,040.9			7,933.3			8,053.5
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding		7,960.9			8,031.4			8,062.5			8,075.9			8,080.7			7,996.2			8,162.6
Performance ratios
Return on average assets (1)		0.85		%	0.83		%	0.39		%	0.99		%	0.94		%	0.84		%	1.00		%
Four-quarter trailing return on average assets (2)		0.76			0.78			0.84			0.98			0.96			n/a			n/a
Return on average common shareholders’ equity (1)		9.98			9.35			4.33			11.24			11.21			9.67			11.84
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (3)		13.57			12.73			5.92			15.47			15.49			13.15			16.42
Return on average shareholders’ equity (1)		9.45			9.18			4.32			10.86			10.52			9.32			11.22
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (3)		12.42			12.07			5.71			14.41			14.00			12.25			14.97
Total ending equity to total ending assets		9.02			8.97			9.17			9.10			9.07			9.02			9.07
Common equity ratio (1)		8.21			8.10			8.28			8.20			8.16			8.21			8.16
Total average equity to total average assets		8.96			9.01			8.98			9.11			8.89			8.98			8.92
Dividend payout (1)		28.66			31.11			67.42			26.39			24.88			29.84			23.99
Per common share data
Earnings		$	0.83		$	0.77		$	0.36		$	0.91		$	0.88		$	1.60		$	1.83
Diluted earnings		0.83			0.76			0.35			0.90			0.88			1.59			1.82
Dividends paid		0.24			0.24			0.24			0.24			0.22			0.48			0.44
Book value (1)		34.39			33.71			33.34			32.65			32.05			34.39			32.05
Tangible book value (3)		25.37			24.79			24.46			23.79			23.23			25.37			23.23
Market capitalization		$	309,202		$	298,312		$	265,840		$	216,942		$	228,188		$	309,202		$	228,188
Average balance sheet
Total loans and leases		$	1,051,472		$	1,047,890		$	1,050,705		$	1,046,254		$	1,046,608
Total assets		3,274,988			3,247,159			3,213,159			3,128,466			3,175,358
Total deposits		1,909,925			1,907,462			1,905,011			1,876,153			1,875,353
Long-term debt		243,689			254,782			256,262			245,819			248,480
Common shareholders’ equity		265,290			264,114			260,221			256,578			254,028
Total shareholders’ equity		293,403			292,511			288,618			284,975			282,425
Asset quality
Allowance for credit losses (4)		$	14,342		$	14,371		$	14,551		$	14,640		$	14,338
Nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties (5)		5,691			6,034			5,630			4,993			4,274
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding (5)		1.26		%	1.26		%	1.27		%	1.27		%	1.24		%
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases (5)		242			225			243			275			314
Net charge-offs		$	1,533		$	1,498		$	1,192		$	931		$	869
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (5)		0.59		%	0.58		%	0.45		%	0.35		%	0.33		%
Capital ratios at period end (6)
Common equity tier 1 capital		11.9		%	11.9		%	11.8		%	11.9		%	11.6		%
Tier 1 capital		13.5			13.6			13.5			13.6			13.3
Total capital		15.1			15.2			15.2			15.4			15.1
Tier 1 leverage		7.0			7.1			7.1			7.3			7.1
Supplementary leverage ratio		6.0			6.0			6.1			6.2			6.0
Tangible equity (3)		7.0			7.0			7.1			7.0			7.0
Tangible common equity (3)		6.2			6.1			6.2			6.1			6.1
Total loss-absorbing capacity and long-term debt metrics
Total loss-absorbing capacity to risk-weighted assets		28.2		%	28.7		%	29.0		%	29.3		%	28.8		%
Total loss-absorbing capacity to supplementary leverage exposure		12.5			12.8			13.0			13.3			13.0
Eligible long-term debt to risk-weighted assets		13.7			14.2			14.5			14.8			14.6
Eligible long-term debt to supplementary leverage exposure		6.0			6.3			6.5			6.7			6.6

(1)For definitions, see Key Metrics on page 103.

(2)Calculated as total net income for four consecutive quarters divided by annualized average assets for four consecutive quarters.

(3)Tangible equity ratios and tangible book value per share of common stock are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information on these ratios and corresponding reconciliations to GAAP financial measures, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 6 and Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 48.

(4)Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.

(5)Balances and ratios do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. For additional exclusions from nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 33 and corresponding Table 25 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 37 and corresponding Table 31.

(6)For more information, including which approach is used to assess capital adequacy, see Capital Management on page 21.

n/a = not applicable

7 Bank of America

Table 6	Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis
		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense (1)		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense (1)		Yield/ Rate
(Dollars in millions)		Second Quarter 2024						Second Quarter 2023
Earning assets
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central    banks and other banks		$	345,423	$	4,498	5.24	%	$	359,042	$	4,303	4.81	%
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments		10,845		123		4.55		11,271		129		4.56
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under    agreements to resell		318,380		5,159		6.52		294,535		4,955		6.75
Trading account assets		202,295		2,542		5.05		187,420		2,091		4.47
Debt securities		852,427		6,352		2.98		771,355		4,717		2.44
Loans and leases (2)
Residential mortgage		227,567		1,824		3.21		228,758		1,704		2.98
Home equity		25,529		405		6.38		25,957		353		5.45
Credit card		98,983		2,825		11.48		94,431		2,505		10.64
Direct/Indirect and other consumer		103,689		1,428		5.54		104,915		1,274		4.87
Total consumer		455,768		6,482		5.71		454,061		5,836		5.15
U.S. commercial		386,232		5,267		5.49		379,027		4,786		5.06
Non-U.S. commercial		123,094		2,170		7.09		125,827		1,949		6.21
Commercial real estate (3)		71,345		1,285		7.24		74,065		1,303		7.06
Commercial lease financing		15,033		196		5.22		13,628		149		4.38
Total commercial		595,704		8,918		6.02		592,547		8,187		5.54
Total loans and leases		1,051,472		15,400		5.89		1,046,608		14,023		5.37
Other earning assets		107,093		2,940		11.04		102,712		2,271		8.88
Total earning assets		2,887,935		37,014		5.15		2,772,943		32,489		4.70
Cash and due from banks		24,208						26,098
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses		362,845						376,317
Total assets		$	3,274,988					$	3,175,358
Interest-bearing liabilities
U.S. interest-bearing deposits
Demand and money market deposits		$	941,109	$	5,234	2.24	%	$	951,403	$	3,565	1.50	%
Time and savings deposits		348,689		3,331		3.84		230,008		1,452		2.53
Total U.S. interest-bearing deposits		1,289,798		8,565		2.67		1,181,411		5,017		1.70
Non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits		106,496		1,090		4.12		96,802		768		3.18
Total interest-bearing deposits		1,396,294		9,655		2.78		1,278,213		5,785		1.82
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements     to repurchase		371,372		6,171		6.68		322,728		5,807		7.22
Short-term borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities		152,742		2,899		7.64		163,739		2,548		6.24
Trading account liabilities		53,895		540		4.03		44,944		472		4.22
Long-term debt		243,689		3,887		6.40		248,480		3,584		5.78
Total interest-bearing liabilities		2,217,992		23,152		4.20		2,058,104		18,196		3.55
Noninterest-bearing sources
Noninterest-bearing deposits		513,631						597,140
Other liabilities (4)		249,962						237,689
Shareholders’ equity		293,403						282,425
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	3,274,988					$	3,175,358
Net interest spread						0.95	%					1.15	%
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources						0.98						0.91
Net interest income/yield on earning assets (5)				$	13,862	1.93	%			$	14,293	2.06	%

(1)Includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 44.

(2)Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.

(3)Includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $65.3 billion and $68.0 billion, and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $6.0 billion for both the second quarter of 2024 and 2023.

(4)Includes $46.6 billion and $39.9 billion of structured notes and liabilities for the second quarter of 2024 and 2023.

(5)Net interest income includes FTE adjustments of $160 million and $135 million for the second quarter of 2024 and 2023.

Bank of America 8

Table 7	Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis
		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense (1)		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense (1)		Yield/ Rate
		Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024						2023
Earning assets
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks		$	345,943	$	9,029	5.25	%	$	281,303	$	6,302	4.52	%
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments		10,286		239		4.67		10,928		237		4.37
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell		311,600		10,334		6.67		291,053		8,667		6.01
Trading account assets		202,377		5,024		4.99		185,549		4,131		4.49
Debt securities		847,455		12,514		2.95		811,046		10,202		2.51
Loans and leases (2)
Residential mortgage		227,658		3,627		3.19		229,015		3,388		2.96
Home equity		25,526		795		6.26		26,234		670		5.15
Credit card		99,399		5,611		11.35		93,110		4,931		10.68
Direct/Indirect and other consumer		103,529		2,827		5.49		105,284		2,460		4.71
Total consumer		456,112		12,860		5.66		453,643		11,449		5.08
U.S. commercial		382,898		10,503		5.52		377,945		9,257		4.94
Non-U.S. commercial		124,059		4,340		7.03		126,412		3,727		5.95
Commercial real estate (3)		71,666		2,596		7.28		72,337		2,447		6.82
Commercial lease financing		14,946		396		5.31		13,657		296		4.35
Total commercial		593,569		17,835		6.04		590,351		15,727		5.37
Total loans and leases		1,049,681		30,695		5.88		1,043,994		27,176		5.24
Other earning assets		106,915		5,622		10.57		98,592		4,563		9.33
Total earning assets		2,874,257		73,457		5.14		2,722,465		61,278		4.53
Cash and due from banks		24,197						26,936
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses		362,617						386,478
Total assets		$	3,261,071					$	3,135,879
Interest-bearing liabilities
U.S. interest-bearing deposits
Demand and money market deposits		948,912		10,246		2.17	%	963,178		6,355		1.33	%
Time and savings deposits		337,228		6,390		3.81		213,587		2,371		2.24
Total U.S. interest-bearing deposits		1,286,140		16,636		2.60		1,176,765		8,726		1.50
Non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits		105,434		2,157		4.11		94,218		1,373		2.94
Total interest-bearing deposits		1,391,574		18,793		2.72		1,270,983		10,099		1.60
Federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase		360,939		12,197		6.80		289,556		9,358		6.52
Short-term borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities		146,917		5,408		7.40		160,331		5,177		6.51
Trading account liabilities		52,826		1,086		4.14		44,451		976		4.43
Long-term debt		249,234		7,921		6.37		246,630		6,793		5.53
Total interest-bearing liabilities		2,201,490		45,405		4.15		2,011,951		32,403		3.24
Noninterest-bearing sources
Noninterest-bearing deposits		517,119						613,468
Other liabilities (4)		249,505						230,607
Shareholders’ equity		292,957						279,853
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	3,261,071					$	3,135,879
Net interest spread						0.99	%					1.29	%
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources						0.97						0.84
Net interest income/yield on earning assets (5)				$	28,052	1.96	%			$	28,875	2.13	%

(1)Includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 44.

(2)Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.

(3)Includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $65.8 billion and $66.8 billion, and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $5.9 billion and $5.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

(4)Includes $45.3 billion and $38.6 billion of structured notes and liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

(5)Net interest income includes FTE adjustments of $318 million and $269 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

9 Bank of America

Business Segment Operations

Segment Description and Basis of Presentation

We report our results of operations through four business segments: Consumer Banking, GWIM, Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. We manage our segments and report their results on an FTE basis. For more information, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We periodically review capital allocated to our businesses and allocate capital annually during the strategic and capital planning processes. We utilize a methodology that considers the effect of regulatory capital requirements in addition to internal risk-based capital models. The capital allocated to the business segments is referred to as allocated capital. Allocated equity in the reporting units is comprised of allocated capital plus capital

for the portion of goodwill and intangibles specifically assigned to the reporting unit. For more information, including the definition of a reporting unit, see Note 7 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

For more information on our presentation of financial information on an FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 6, and for reconciliations to consolidated total revenue, net income and period-end total assets, see Note 17 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Key Performance Indicators

We present certain key financial and nonfinancial performance indicators that management uses when evaluating segment results. We believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information about our segments’ operational performance, client trends and business growth.

Consumer Banking

	Deposits						Consumer Lending						Total Consumer Banking
	Three Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023			% Change
Net interest income	$	5,220		$	5,733		$	2,898		$	2,704		$	8,118		$	8,437		(4)	%
Noninterest income:
Card income	(10)			(10)			1,371			1,351			1,361			1,341			1
Service charges	614			524			—			1			614			525			17
All other income	95			177			18			44			113			221			(49)
Total noninterest income	699			691			1,389			1,396			2,088			2,087			—
Total revenue, net of interest expense	5,919			6,424			4,287			4,100			10,206			10,524			(3)
Provision for credit losses	74			103			1,207			1,164			1,281			1,267			1
Noninterest expense	3,385			3,428			2,079			2,025			5,464			5,453			—
Income before income taxes	2,460			2,893			1,001			911			3,461			3,804			(9)
Income tax expense	616			723			250			228			866			951			(9)
Net income	$	1,844		$	2,170		$	751		$	683		$	2,595		$	2,853		(9)
Effective tax rate (1)													25.0		%	25.0		%
Net interest yield	2.22		%	2.29		%	3.78		%	3.58		%	3.29		%	3.24		%
Return on average allocated capital	54			64			10			10			24			27
Efficiency ratio	57.20			53.33			48.49			49.43			53.54			51.81
Balance Sheet
	Three Months Ended June 30
Average	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023			% Change
Total loans and leases	$	4,299		$	4,078		$	307,955		$	302,584		$	312,254		$	306,662		2	%
Total earning assets (2)	946,784			1,002,528			308,116			302,944			992,304			1,045,743			(5)
Total assets (2)	979,302			1,035,969			313,070			309,228			1,029,777			1,085,469			(5)
Total deposits	944,363			1,001,307			4,817			5,030			949,180			1,006,337			(6)
Allocated capital	13,700			13,700			29,550			28,300			43,250			42,000			3

(1)    Estimated at the segment level only.

(2) In segments and businesses where the total of liabilities and equity exceeds assets, we allocate assets from All Other to match the segments’ and businesses’ liabilities and allocated shareholders’ equity. As a result, total earning assets and total assets of the businesses may not equal total Consumer Banking.

Bank of America 10

	Deposits						Consumer Lending						Total Consumer Banking
	Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023			% Change
Net interest income	$	10,489		$	11,549		$	5,826		$	5,481		$	16,315		$	17,030		(4)	%
Noninterest income:
Card income	(20)			(20)			2,653			2,635			2,633			2,615			1
Service charges	1,191			1,122			1			2			1,192			1,124			6
All other income	197			374			35			87			232			461			(50)
Total noninterest income	1,368			1,476			2,689			2,724			4,057			4,200			(3)
Total revenue, net of interest expense	11,857			13,025			8,515			8,205			20,372			21,230			(4)
Provision for credit losses	150			286			2,281			2,070			2,431			2,356			3
Noninterest expense	6,764			6,843			4,175			4,083			10,939			10,926			—
Income before income taxes	4,943			5,896			2,059			2,052			7,002			7,948			(12)
Income tax expense	1,236			1,474			515			513			1,751			1,987			(12)
Net income	$	3,707		$	4,422		$	1,544		$	1,539		$	5,251		$	5,961		(12)
Effective tax rate (1)													25.0		%	25.0		%
Net interest yield	2.22		%	2.30		%	3.80		%	3.67		%	3.30		%	3.25		%
Return on average allocated capital	54			65			11			11			24			29
Efficiency ratio	57.04			52.53			49.04			49.77			53.70			51.46
Balance Sheet
	Six Months Ended June 30
Average	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023			% Change
Total loans and leases	$	4,270		$	4,099		$	308,376		$	301,126		$	312,646		$	305,225		2	%
Total earning assets (2)	948,489			1,012,432			308,515			301,378			993,931			1,055,419			(6)
Total assets (2)	981,080			1,045,933			313,433			307,760			1,031,439			1,095,302			(6)
Total deposits	946,103			1,011,285			4,720			4,949			950,823			1,016,234			(6)
Allocated capital	13,700			13,700			29,550			28,300			43,250			42,000			3
Period end	June 30 2024			December 31 2023			June 30 2024			December 31 2023			June 30 2024			December 31 2023			% Change
Total loans and leases	$	4,357		$	4,218		$	308,444		$	310,901		$	312,801		$	315,119		(1)	%
Total earning assets (2)	948,823			965,088			308,592			311,008			995,348			1,009,360			(1)
Total assets (2)	981,546			999,372			314,481			317,194			1,033,960			1,049,830			(2)
Total deposits	946,420			964,136			6,053			5,436			952,473			969,572			(2)

See page 10 for footnotes.

Consumer Banking, comprised of Deposits and Consumer Lending, offers a diversified range of credit, banking and investment products and services to consumers and small businesses. For more information about Consumer Banking, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Consumer Banking Results

Three-Month Comparison

Net income for Consumer Banking decreased $258 million to $2.6 billion primarily due to lower revenue. Net interest income decreased $319 million to $8.1 billion primarily driven by lower deposit balances, partially offset by higher loan balances. Noninterest income was $2.1 billion, largely unchanged from the same period a year ago.

The provision for credit losses was $1.3 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago. Noninterest expense was $5.5 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

The return on average allocated capital was 24 percent, down from 27 percent, due to an increase in allocated capital and lower net income. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 10.

Six-Month Comparison

Net income for Consumer Banking decreased $710 million to $5.3 billion primarily due to lower revenue. Net interest income decreased $715 million to $16.3 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. Noninterest income decreased $143 million to $4.1 billion, primarily due to lower other income driven by the allocation of asset and liability management (ALM) results.

The provision for credit losses increased $75 million to $2.4 billion primarily driven by credit card loans. Noninterest expense was $10.9 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

The return on average allocated capital was 24 percent, down from 29 percent, primarily due to an increase in allocated capital and lower net income.

11 Bank of America

Deposits

Three-Month Comparison

Net income for Deposits decreased $326 million to $1.8 billion primarily due to lower revenue. Net interest income decreased $513 million to $5.2 billion primarily driven by lower deposit balances. Noninterest income was $699 million, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

Noninterest expense was $3.4 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

Average deposits decreased $56.9 billion to $944.4 billion primarily due to net outflows of $60.9 billion in money market savings and $26.1 billion in checking, partially offset by growth in time deposits of $40.1 billion.

Six-Month Comparison

Net income for Deposits decreased $715 million to $3.7 billion primarily due to lower revenue. Net interest income decreased $1.1 billion to $10.5 billion primarily due to the same factor as described in the three-month discussion. Noninterest income decreased $108 million to $1.4 billion primarily driven by the allocation of ALM results.

Average deposits decreased $65.2 billion to $946.1 billion primarily due to net outflows of $67.2 billion in money market savings and $29.1 billion in checking, partially offset by growth in time deposits of $41.8 billion.

The table below provides key performance indicators for Deposits. Management uses these metrics, and we believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information to evaluate our deposit profitability and digital/mobile trends.

Key Statistics – Deposits
	Three Months Ended June 30		Six Months Ended June 30
	2024	2023	2024		2023
Total deposit spreads (excludes noninterest costs) (1)	2.77%	2.67%	2.73%		2.60%
Period end
Consumer investment assets (in millions) (2)			$	476,116	$	386,761
Active digital banking users (in thousands) (3)			47,304		45,713
Active mobile banking users (in thousands) (4)			38,988		37,329
Financial centers			3,786		3,887
ATMs			14,972		15,335

(1)Includes deposits held in Consumer Lending.

(2)Includes client brokerage assets, deposit sweep balances, Bank of America, N.A. brokered CDs and AUM in Consumer Banking.

(3)Represents mobile and/or online active users over the past 90 days.

(4)Represents mobile active users over the past 90 days.

Consumer investment assets increased $89.4 billion from June 30, 2023 to $476.1 billion at June 30, 2024 driven by market performance and positive net client flows. Active mobile banking users increased approximately two million, reflecting continuing changes in our clients’ banking preferences. Since June 30, 2023, we have had a net decrease of 101 financial centers and 363 ATMs as we continue to optimize our consumer banking network.

Consumer Lending

Three-Month Comparison

Net income for Consumer Lending increased $68 million to $751 million primarily due to higher revenue. Net interest income increased $194 million to $2.9 billion primarily due to higher loan balances. Noninterest income was $1.4 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

The provision for credit losses was $1.2 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago. Noninterest expense increased $54 million to $2.1 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

Average loans increased $5.4 billion to $308.0 billion primarily driven by an increase in credit card loans.

Six-Month Comparison

Net income for Consumer Lending was $1.5 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago. Net interest income increased $345 million to $5.8 billion primarily due to the same factor as described in the three-month discussion. Noninterest income was $2.7 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

The provision for credit losses increased $211 million to $2.3 billion primarily driven by credit card loans. Noninterest expense increased $92 million to $4.2 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

Average loans increased $7.3 billion to $308.4 billion primarily driven by the same factor as described in the three-month discussion.

The following table provides key performance indicators for Consumer Lending. Management uses these metrics, and we believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information about loan growth and profitability.

Bank of America 12

Key Statistics – Consumer Lending
	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Total credit card (1)
Gross interest yield (2)	12.32		%	11.66		%	12.28		%	11.75		%
Risk-adjusted margin (3)	6.75			7.83			6.78			8.25
New accounts (in thousands)	951			1,137			1,949			2,324
Purchase volumes	$	93,296		$	93,103		$	180,307		$	178,647
Debit card purchase volumes	$	140,346		$	132,962		$	272,753		$	257,338

(1)Includes GWIM's credit card portfolio.

(2)Calculated as the effective annual percentage rate divided by average loans.

(3)Calculated as the difference between total revenue, net of interest expense, and net credit losses divided by average loans.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the total risk-adjusted margin decreased 108 bps and 147 bps primarily driven by higher net credit losses and lower net fee income, partially offset by higher interest margin. During the

three and six months ended June 30, 2024, total credit card purchase volumes increased $193 million and $1.7 billion, and debit card purchase volumes increased $7.4 billion and $15.4 billion, reflecting higher levels of consumer spending.

Key Statistics – Loan Production (1)
	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Consumer Banking:
First mortgage	$	2,696	$	2,889	$	4,384	$	4,845
Home equity	2,027		2,171		3,627		4,354
Total (2):
First mortgage	$	5,728	$	5,940	$	9,171	$	9,877
Home equity	2,393		2,542		4,284		5,138

(1)The loan production amounts represent the unpaid principal balance of loans and, in the case of home equity, the principal amount of the total line of credit.

(2)In addition to loan production in Consumer Banking, there is also first mortgage and home equity loan production in GWIM.

First mortgage loan originations for Consumer Banking and the total Corporation decreased $193 million and $212 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily driven by lower demand. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, first mortgage loan originations for Consumer Banking and the total Corporation decreased $461 million and $706 million primarily driven by lower demand.

Home equity production in Consumer Banking and the total Corporation decreased $144 million and $149 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily driven by lower demand. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, home equity production in Consumer Banking and the total Corporation decreased $727 million and $854 million primarily driven by lower demand.

13 Bank of America

Global Wealth & Investment Management

	Three Months Ended June 30								Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024			2023			% Change		2024			2023			% Change
Net interest income	$	1,693		$	1,805		(6)	%	$	3,507		$	3,681		(5)	%
Noninterest income:
Investment and brokerage services	3,707			3,251			14		7,307			6,489			13
All other income	174			186			(6)		351			387			(9)
Total noninterest income	3,881			3,437			13		7,658			6,876			11
Total revenue, net of interest expense	5,574			5,242			6		11,165			10,557			6
Provision for credit losses	7			13			(46)		(6)			38			(116)
Noninterest expense	4,199			3,925			7		8,463			7,992			6
Income before income taxes	1,368			1,304			5		2,708			2,527			7
Income tax expense	342			326			5		677			632			7
Net income	$	1,026		$	978		5		$	2,031		$	1,895		7
Effective tax rate	25.0		%	25.0		%			25.0		%	25.0		%
Net interest yield	2.15			2.21					2.19			2.20
Return on average allocated capital	22			21					22			21
Efficiency ratio	75.34			74.86					75.80			75.70
Balance Sheet
	Three Months Ended June 30								Six Months Ended June 30
Average	2024			2023			% Change		2024			2023			% Change
Total loans and leases	$	222,776		$	218,604		2	%	$	220,696		$	220,018		—	%
Total earning assets	317,250			327,066			(3)		322,471			336,671			(4)
Total assets	330,958			340,105			(3)		336,039			349,582			(4)
Total deposits	287,678			295,380			(3)		292,525			304,648			(4)
Allocated capital	18,500			18,500			—		18,500			18,500			—
Period end									June 30 2024			December 31 2023			% Change
Total loans and leases									$	224,837		$	219,657		2	%
Total earning assets									310,055			330,653			(6)
Total assets									324,476			344,626			(6)
Total deposits									281,283			299,657			(6)

GWIM consists of two primary businesses: Merrill Wealth Management and Bank of America Private Bank. For additional information on GWIM, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Three-Month Comparison

Net income for GWIM increased $48 million to $1.0 billion primarily due to higher revenue, largely offset by higher noninterest expense. The operating margin was 25 percent, unchanged from the same period a year ago.

Net interest income decreased $112 million to $1.7 billion primarily driven by an increase in the deposit rate paid and lower average deposit balances.

Noninterest income, which primarily includes investment and brokerage services income, increased $444 million to $3.9 billion. The increase was primarily driven by higher asset management fees due to higher average equity market valuations and positive AUM flows, partially offset by the impact of lower AUM pricing.

Noninterest expense increased $274 million to $4.2 billion primarily due to higher revenue-related incentives.

The return on average allocated capital was 22 percent, up from 21 percent, due to higher net income. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 10.

Average loans increased $4.2 billion to $222.8 billion primarily driven by custom lending and residential mortgage, partially offset by securities-based lending. Average deposits decreased $7.7 billion to $287.7 billion primarily driven by a higher level of client tax payments as well as clients moving deposits to higher yielding investment cash alternatives, including offerings on our investment and brokerage platforms.

Merrill Wealth Management revenue of $4.6 billion increased seven percent primarily driven by higher asset management fees due to the impact of higher average equity market valuations and positive AUM flows, partially offset by the impact of lower AUM pricing and lower net interest income.

Bank of America Private Bank revenue of $951 million increased five percent primarily driven by higher asset management fees due to the impact of higher average equity market valuations and the impact of positive AUM flows.

Bank of America 14

Six-Month Comparison

Net income for GWIM increased $136 million to $2.0 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. The operating margin was 24 percent, unchanged from the same period a year ago.

Net interest income decreased $174 million to $3.5 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Noninterest income, which primarily includes investment and brokerage services income, increased $782 million to $7.7 billion due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Noninterest expense increased $471 million to $8.5 billion due to the same factor as described in the three-month discussion.

The return on average allocated capital was 22 percent, up from 21 percent, due to the same factor as described in the three-month discussion.

Average loans increased $678 million to $220.7 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. Average deposits decreased $12.1 billion to $292.5 billion due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Merrill Wealth Management revenue of $9.3 billion increased six percent primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Bank of America Private Bank revenue of $1.9 billion increased four percent primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Key Indicators and Metrics
	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue by Business
Merrill Wealth Management	$	4,623	$	4,340	$	9,270	$	8,737
Bank of America Private Bank	951		902		1,895		1,820
Total revenue, net of interest expense	$	5,574	$	5,242	$	11,165	$	10,557
Client Balances by Business, at period end
Merrill Wealth Management					$	3,371,418	$	3,057,680
Bank of America Private Bank					640,467		577,514
Total client balances					$	4,011,885	$	3,635,194
Client Balances by Type, at period end
Assets under management					$	1,758,875	$	1,531,042
Brokerage and other assets					1,779,881		1,628,294
Deposits					281,283		292,526
Loans and leases (1)					227,657		222,280
Less: Managed deposits in assets under management					(35,811)		(38,948)
Total client balances					$	4,011,885	$	3,635,194
Assets Under Management Rollforward
Assets under management, beginning of period	$	1,730,005	$	1,467,242	$	1,617,740	$	1,401,474
Net client flows	10,790		14,296		35,445		29,558
Market valuation/other	18,080		49,504		105,690		100,010
Total assets under management, end of period	$	1,758,875	$	1,531,042	$	1,758,875	$	1,531,042

(1)Includes margin receivables, which are classified in customer and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Client Balances

Client balances increased $376.7 billion, or 10 percent, to $4.0 trillion at June 30, 2024 compared to June 30, 2023. The increase in client balances was primarily due to the impact of higher end-of-period market valuations and positive net client flows.

15 Bank of America

Global Banking

	Three Months Ended June 30								Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024			2023			% Change		2024			2023			% Change
Net interest income	$	3,275		$	3,690		(11)	%	$	6,735		$	7,597		(11)	%
Noninterest income:
Service charges	775			735			5		1,525			1,449			5
Investment banking fees	835			718			16		1,685			1,386			22
All other income	1,168			1,319			(11)		2,088			2,233			(6)
Total noninterest income	2,778			2,772			—		5,298			5,068			5
Total revenue, net of interest expense	6,053			6,462			(6)		12,033			12,665			(5)
Provision for credit losses	235			9			n/m		464			(228)			n/m
Noninterest expense	2,899			2,819			3		5,911			5,759			3
Income before income taxes	2,919			3,634			(20)		5,658			7,134			(21)
Income tax expense	803			981			(18)		1,556			1,926			(19)
Net income	$	2,116		$	2,653		(20)		$	4,102		$	5,208		(21)
Effective tax rate	27.5		%	27.0		%			27.5		%	27.0		%
Net interest yield	2.37			2.80					2.44			2.92
Return on average allocated capital	17			22					17			21
Efficiency ratio	47.88			43.59					49.12			45.46
Balance Sheet
	Three Months Ended June 30								Six Months Ended June 30
Average	2024			2023			% Change		2024			2023			% Change
Total loans and leases	$	372,738		$	383,058		(3)	%	$	373,173		$	382,039		(2)	%
Total earning assets	555,834			527,959			5		555,895			525,181			6
Total assets	624,189			595,585			5		623,631			592,254			5
Total deposits	525,357			497,533			6		525,528			495,069			6
Allocated capital	49,250			49,250			—		49,250			49,250			—
Period end									June 30 2024			December 31 2023			% Change
Total loans and leases									$	372,421		$	373,891		—	%
Total earning assets									550,525			552,453			—
Total assets									620,217			621,751			—
Total deposits									522,525			527,060			(1)

n/m = not meaningful

Global Banking, which includes Global Corporate Banking, Global Commercial Banking, Business Banking and Global Investment Banking, provides a wide range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management and treasury solutions, and underwriting and advisory services through our network of global offices and client relationship teams. For more information about Global Banking, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Three-Month Comparison

Net income for Global Banking decreased $537 million to $2.1 billion primarily driven by lower revenue and higher provision for credit losses.

Net interest income decreased $415 million to $3.3 billion primarily due to the impact of interest rates, partially offset by the benefit of higher average deposit balances.

Noninterest income was $2.8 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.

The provision for credit losses increased $226 million to $235 million primarily driven by the commercial real estate office portfolio.

Noninterest expense increased $80 million to $2.9 billion due to higher regulatory costs and continued investments in the business, including technology.

The return on average allocated capital was 17 percent, down from 22 percent, due to lower net income. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 10.

Six-Month Comparison

Net income for Global Banking decreased $1.1 billion to $4.1 billion driven by higher provision for credit losses, lower revenue and higher noninterest expense.

Net interest income decreased $862 million to $6.7 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Noninterest income increased $230 million to $5.3 billion due to higher investment banking fees and treasury service charges, partially offset by lower leasing-related revenue.

The provision for credit losses increased $692 million to $464 million primarily driven by the commercial real estate office portfolio compared to a benefit in the prior year due to certain improved macroeconomic conditions.

Noninterest expense increased $152 million to $5.9 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

The return on average allocated capital was 17 percent, down from 21 percent, due to lower net income.

Bank of America 16

Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking

The following table and discussion present a summary of the results, which exclude certain investment banking and other activities in Global Banking.

Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking
	Global Corporate Banking				Global Commercial Banking				Business Banking				Total
	Three Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue
Business Lending	$	1,260	$	1,359	$	1,247	$	1,270	$	58	$	63	$	2,565	$	2,692
Global Transaction Services	1,261		1,483		938		1,045		362		395		2,561		2,923
Total revenue, net of interest expense	$	2,521	$	2,842	$	2,185	$	2,315	$	420	$	458	$	5,126	$	5,615
Balance Sheet
Average
Total loans and leases	$	162,283	$	174,280	$	197,906	$	196,069	$	12,439	$	12,508	$	372,628	$	382,857
Total deposits	287,350		267,949		186,975		177,901		51,032		51,682		525,357		497,532
	Global Corporate Banking				Global Commercial Banking				Business Banking				Total
	Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue
Business Lending	$	2,325	$	2,393	$	2,527	$	2,503	$	117	$	130	$	4,969	$	5,026
Global Transaction Services	2,596		3,032		1,908		2,174		723		782		5,227		5,988
Total revenue, net of interest expense	$	4,921	$	5,425	$	4,435	$	4,677	$	840	$	912	$	10,196	$	11,014
Balance Sheet
Average
Total loans and leases	$	163,662	$	174,783	$	197,091	$	194,442	$	12,285	$	12,563	$	373,038	$	381,788
Total deposits	288,871		263,587		186,351		180,245		50,305		51,241		525,527		495,073
Period end
Total loans and leases	$	162,276	$	173,248	$	197,546	$	195,899	$	12,467	$	12,324	$	372,289	$	381,471
Total deposits	283,248		265,104		187,766		177,235		51,509		50,391		522,523		492,730

Business Lending revenue decreased $127 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period a year ago primarily driven by lower leasing-related revenue and the impact of lower average loan balances. Business lending revenue decreased $57 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period a year ago primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Global Transaction Services revenue decreased $362 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily driven by the impact of interest rates, partially offset by the benefit of higher average deposit balances and treasury service charges. Global Transaction Services revenue decreased $761 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Average loans and leases of $372.6 billion decreased three percent for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and average loans and leases of $373.0 billion decreased two percent for the six months ended June 30, 2024 due to lower client demand.

Average deposits of $525.4 billion and $522.5 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 increased six percent for both periods. The increases were due to growth in both domestic and international balances.

Global Investment Banking

Client teams and product specialists underwrite and distribute debt, equity and loan products, and provide advisory services and tailored risk management solutions. The economics of certain investment banking and underwriting activities are shared primarily between Global Banking and Global Markets under an internal revenue-sharing arrangement. Global Banking originates certain deal-related transactions with our corporate and commercial clients that are executed and distributed by Global Markets. To provide a complete discussion of our consolidated investment banking fees, the table below presents total Corporation investment banking fees and the portion attributable to Global Banking.

17 Bank of America

Investment Banking Fees
	Global Banking				Total Corporation				Global Banking				Total Corporation
	Three Months Ended June 30								Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Products
Advisory	$	322	$	333	$	374	$	375	$	639	$	646	$	747	$	738
Debt issuance	363		263		880		600		746		553		1,765		1,244
Equity issuance	150		122		357		287		300		187		720		455
Gross investment banking fees	835		718		1,611		1,262		1,685		1,386		3,232		2,437
Self-led deals	(5)		(16)		(50)		(50)		(18)		(20)		(103)		(62)
Total investment banking fees	$	830	$	702	$	1,561	$	1,212	$	1,667	$	1,366	$	3,129	$	2,375

Total Corporation investment banking fees, which exclude self-led deals and are primarily included within Global Banking and Global Markets, were $1.6 billion and $3.1 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The three-month period increased 29 percent compared to the same period in 2023, and the six-month period increased 32 percent compared to the same period in 2023. The increases in both periods were primarily due to higher debt and equity issuance fees.

Global Markets

	Three Months Ended June 30								Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024			2023			% Change		2024			2023			% Change
Net interest income	$	770		$	297		n/m		$	1,451		$	406		n/m
Noninterest income:
Investment and brokerage services	516			499			3	%	1,011			1,032			(2)	%
Investment banking fees	719			503			43		1,427			972			47
Market making and similar activities	3,218			3,409			(6)		7,048			7,807			(10)
All other income	236			163			45		405			280			45
Total noninterest income	4,689			4,574			3		9,891			10,091			(2)
Total revenue, net of interest expense	5,459			4,871			12		11,342			10,497			8
Provision for credit losses	(13)			(4)			n/m		(49)			(57)			n/m
Noninterest expense	3,486			3,349			4		6,978			6,700			4
Income before income taxes	1,986			1,526			30		4,413			3,854			15
Income tax expense	576			420			37		1,280			1,060			21
Net income	$	1,410		$	1,106		27		$	3,133		$	2,794		12
Effective tax rate	29.0		%	27.5		%			29.0		%	27.5		%
Return on average allocated capital	13			10					14			12
Efficiency ratio	63.83			68.74					61.52			63.82
Balance Sheet	Three Months Ended June 30								Six Months Ended June 30
Average	2024			2023			% Change		2024			2023			% Change
Trading-related assets:
Trading account securities	$	321,204		$	317,928		1	%	$	322,207		$	328,529		(2)	%
Reverse repurchases	139,901			139,480			—		136,991			133,155			3
Securities borrowed	139,705			120,481			16		137,278			118,392			16
Derivative assets	38,953			43,236			(10)		38,318			43,490			(12)
Total trading-related assets	639,763			621,125			3		634,794			623,566			2
Total loans and leases	135,106			128,539			5		134,431			126,802			6
Total earning assets	706,383			657,947			7		699,615			643,024			9
Total assets	908,525			877,471			4		901,952			873,727			3
Total deposits	31,944			33,222			(4)		32,265			34,658			(7)
Allocated capital	45,500			45,500			—		45,500			45,500			—
Period end									June 30 2024			December 31 2023			% Change
Total trading-related assets									$	619,122		$	542,544		14	%
Total loans and leases									138,441			136,223			2
Total earning assets									701,978			637,955			10
Total assets									887,162			817,588			9
Total deposits									33,151			34,833			(5)

n/m = not meaningful

Global Markets offers sales and trading services and research services to institutional clients across fixed-income, credit, currency, commodity and equity businesses. Global Markets

product coverage includes securities and derivative products in both the primary and secondary markets. For more information about Global Markets, see Business Segment

Bank of America 18

Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following explanations for period-over-period changes in results for Global Markets, including those disclosed under Sales and Trading Revenue, are the same for amounts including and excluding net DVA. Amounts excluding net DVA are a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on net DVA, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 6.

Three-Month Comparison

Net income for Global Markets increased $304 million to $1.4 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Net DVA losses totaled $1 million compared to $102 million in 2023. Excluding net DVA, net income increased $227 million to $1.4 billion. These increases were primarily driven by higher revenue, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.

Revenue increased $588 million to $5.5 billion primarily due to higher sales and trading revenue and investment banking fees. Sales and trading revenue increased $394 million, and excluding net DVA, increased $293 million. These increases were primarily driven by higher revenue in Equities.

Noninterest expense increased $137 million to $3.5 billion, primarily driven by revenue-related expenses and continued investments in the business, including technology.

Average total assets increased $31.1 billion to $908.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 driven by increased securities financing activity, higher levels of inventory and loan growth in FICC.

The return on average allocated capital was 13 percent, up from 10 percent in the same period a year ago, reflecting higher net income. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 10.

Six-Month Comparison

Net income for Global Markets increased $339 million to $3.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Net DVA losses were $86 million compared to $88 million in 2023. Excluding net DVA, net income increased $337 million to $3.2 billion. These increases were primarily driven by higher revenue, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.

Revenue increased $845 million to $11.3 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. Sales and trading revenue increased $419 million, and excluding net DVA, sales and trading revenue increased $417 million. These increases were driven by higher revenue in Equities, partially offset by lower revenue in FICC.

Noninterest expense increased $278 million to $7.0 billion, driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

Average total assets increased $28.2 billion to $902.0 billion, and period-end total assets increased $69.6 billion from December 31, 2023 to $887.2 billion. The increases were driven by higher securities financing activity and higher levels of inventory in FICC.

The return on average allocated capital was 14 percent, up from 12 percent in the same period a year ago, reflecting higher net income.

Sales and Trading Revenue

For a description of sales and trading revenue, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following table and related discussion present sales and trading revenue, substantially all of which is in Global Markets, with the remainder in Global Banking. In addition, the following table and related discussion also present sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on net DVA, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 6.

Sales and Trading Revenue (1, 2, 3)
	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Sales and trading revenue (2)
Fixed-income, currencies and commodities	$	2,742	$	2,667	$	5,973	$	6,107
Equities	1,937		1,618		3,798		3,245
Total sales and trading revenue	$	4,679	$	4,285	$	9,771	$	9,352
Sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA (4)
Fixed-income, currencies and commodities	$	2,737	$	2,764	$	6,044	$	6,193
Equities	1,943		1,623		3,813		3,247
Total sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA	$	4,680	$	4,387	$	9,857	$	9,440

(1)For more information on sales and trading revenue, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2)Includes FTE adjustments of $142 million and $291 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $85 million and $175 million for the same periods in 2023.

(3)Includes Global Banking sales and trading revenue of $186 million and $330 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $154 million and $331 million for the same periods in 2023.

(4)FICC and Equities sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, is a non-GAAP financial measure. FICC net DVA gains (losses) were $5 million and $(71) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $(97) million and $(86) million for the same periods in 2023. Equities net DVA gains (losses) were $(6) million and $(15) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $(5) million and $(2) million for the same periods in 2023.

Three-Month Comparison

Including net DVA, FICC revenue increased $75 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Excluding net DVA, FICC revenue decreased $27 million. FICC revenue, including and excluding net DVA, was driven by a weaker trading environment for foreign exchange and rates products, largely offset by improved client activity in mortgages, credit and commodities. Including and excluding net DVA, Equities revenue increased $319 million and $320 million driven by a strong trading performance in cash and derivatives.

Six-Month Comparison

Including and excluding net DVA, FICC revenue decreased $134 million and $149 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 driven by a weaker trading environment for macro products, partially offset by improved trading in mortgages. Including and excluding net DVA, Equities revenue increased $553 million and $566 million driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.

19 Bank of America

All Other

	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change
Net interest income	$	6	$	64	(91)	%	$	44	$	161	(73)	%
Noninterest income (loss)	(1,761)		(1,831)		(4)		(3,443)		(3,386)		2
Total revenue, net of interest expense	(1,755)		(1,767)		(1)		(3,399)		(3,225)		5
Provision for credit losses	(2)		(160)		(99)		(13)		(53)		(75)
Noninterest expense	261		492		(47)		1,255		899		40
Loss before income taxes	(2,014)		(2,099)		(4)		(4,641)		(4,071)		14
Income tax benefit	(1,764)		(1,917)		(8)		(3,695)		(3,782)		(2)
Net loss	$	(250)	$	(182)	37		$	(946)	$	(289)	n/m
Balance Sheet
	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
Average	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change
Total loans and leases	$	8,598	$	9,745	(12)	%	$	8,735	$	9,910	(12)	%
Total assets (1)	381,539		276,728		38		368,010		225,014		64
Total deposits	115,766		42,881		n/m		107,552		33,842		n/m
Period end							June 30 2024		December 31 2023		% Change
Total loans and leases							$	8,285	$	8,842	(6)	%
Total assets (1)							392,181		346,356		13
Total deposits							121,059		92,705		31

(1)In segments where the total of liabilities and equity exceeds assets, which are generally deposit-taking segments, we allocate assets from All Other to those segments to match liabilities (i.e., deposits) and allocated shareholders’ equity. Average allocated assets were $941.7 billion and $949.8 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $977.8 billion and $995.1 billion for the same periods in 2023, and period-end allocated assets were $931.1 billion and $972.9 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

n/m = not meaningful

All Other primarily consists of ALM activities, liquidating businesses and certain expenses not otherwise allocated to a business segment. ALM activities encompass interest rate and foreign currency risk management activities for which substantially all of the results are allocated to our business segments. For more information on our ALM activities, see Note 17 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Three-Month Comparison

The net loss in All Other increased $68 million to $250 million primarily due to a lower income tax benefit, partially offset by lower noninterest expense.

Noninterest expense decreased $231 million to $261 million primarily due to lower expenses related to a liquidating business activity.

The income tax benefit decreased $153 million to $1.8 billion due to lower tax preference benefits primarily related to

tax credit investment activity. Both periods included income tax benefit adjustments to eliminate the FTE treatment of certain tax credits recorded in Global Banking and Global Markets.

Six-Month Comparison

The net loss in All Other increased $657 million to $946 million primarily due to higher noninterest expense.

Noninterest expense increased $356 million to $1.3 billion primarily due to a $700 million accrual for the increase in the Corporation’s estimated share of the FDIC special assessment, partially offset by lower expenses related to a liquidating business activity.

The income tax benefit was $3.7 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago. Both periods included income tax benefit adjustments to eliminate the FTE treatment of certain tax credits recorded in Global Banking and Global Markets.

Bank of America 20

Managing Risk

Risk is inherent in all our business activities. The seven key types of risk faced by the Corporation are strategic, credit, market, liquidity, compliance, operational and reputational. Sound risk management enables us to serve our customers and deliver for our shareholders. If not managed well, risk can result in financial loss, regulatory sanctions and penalties, and damage to our reputation, each of which may adversely impact our ability to execute our business strategies. We take a comprehensive approach to risk management with a defined Risk Framework and an articulated Risk Appetite Statement, which are approved annually by the Enterprise Risk Committee and the Board.

Our Risk Framework serves as the foundation for the consistent and effective management of risks facing the Corporation. The Risk Framework sets forth roles and responsibilities for the management of risk and provides a blueprint for how the Board, through delegation of authority to committees and executive officers, establishes risk appetite and associated limits for our activities.

Our risk appetite provides a common framework that includes a set of measures to assist senior management and the Board in assessing the Corporation’s risk profile across all risk types against our risk appetite and risk capacity. Our risk appetite is formally articulated in the Risk Appetite Statement, which includes both qualitative statements and quantitative limits.

For more information on the Corporation’s risks, see Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks are being managed within our Risk Framework and supporting risk management programs. For more information on our Risk Framework, risk management activities and the key types of risk faced by the Corporation, see the Managing Risk section in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Capital Management

The Corporation manages its capital position so that its capital is more than adequate to support its business activities and aligns with risk, risk appetite and strategic planning. For more information, see Capital Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CCAR and Capital Planning

The Federal Reserve requires BHCs to submit a capital plan and planned capital actions on an annual basis, consistent with the rules governing the CCAR capital plan, which includes supervisory stress testing by the Federal Reserve. We submitted our 2024 CCAR capital plan and related supervisory stress tests in April 2024 and received our results on June 26, 2024. Based on the results, our SCB is expected to be 3.2 percent, and the CET1 minimum requirement will be 10.7 percent when finalized. The new SCB will be effective from October 1, 2024 through September 30, 2025.

The Board has authorized the repurchase of up to $25 billion of common stock over time, which includes common stock repurchases to offset shares awarded under the Corporation’s equity-based compensation plans. Pursuant to Board authorization, during the three months ended June 30, 2024, we repurchased $3.5 billion of common stock. For more

information, see Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds on page 105 and Capital Management – CCAR and Capital Planning in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

On July 24, 2024, the Corporation’s Board authorized a $25 billion common stock repurchase program, effective August 1, 2024, to replace the Corporation’s existing program adopted by the Board in October 2021 and subsequently modified in September 2023. The existing repurchase program will expire on August 1, 2024.

The timing and amount of common stock repurchases are subject to various factors, including the Corporation’s capital position, liquidity, financial performance and alternative uses of capital, stock trading price, regulatory requirements and general market conditions, and may be suspended at any time. Such repurchases may be effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including repurchase plans that satisfy the conditions of Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act).

Regulatory Capital

As a BHC, we are subject to regulatory capital rules, including Basel 3, issued by U.S. banking regulators. The Corporation's depository institution subsidiaries are also subject to the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework. The Corporation and its primary affiliated banking entity, BANA, are Advanced approaches institutions under Basel 3 and are required to report regulatory risk-based capital ratios and risk-weighted assets (RWA) under both the Standardized and Advanced approaches. The lower of the capital ratios under Standardized or Advanced approaches compared to their respective regulatory capital ratio requirements is used to assess capital adequacy, including under the PCA framework. As of June 30, 2024, the CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios under the Standardized approach were the binding ratios.

Minimum Capital Requirements

In order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, the Corporation must meet risk-based capital ratio requirements that include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent (under the Advanced approaches only), an SCB (under the Standardized approach only), plus any applicable countercyclical capital buffer and a global systemically important bank (G-SIB) surcharge. The buffers and surcharge must be comprised solely of CET1 capital. For the period from January 1, 2024 through September 30, 2024, the Corporation's minimum CET1 capital ratio requirements are 10.0 percent under both the Standardized approach and the Advanced approaches.

The Corporation is required to calculate its G-SIB surcharge on an annual basis under two methods and is subject to the higher of the resulting two surcharges. Method 1 is consistent with the approach prescribed by the Basel Committee’s assessment methodology and is calculated using specified indicators of systemic importance. Method 2 modifies the Method 1 approach by, among other factors, including a measure of the Corporation’s reliance on short-term wholesale funding. Effective January 1, 2024, the Corporation’s G-SIB surcharge, which is higher under Method 2, increased 50 bps, resulting in an increase in our minimum CET1 capital ratio

21 Bank of America

requirement under the Standardized approach to 10.0 percent from 9.5 percent. At June 30, 2024, the Corporation’s CET1 capital ratio of 11.9 percent under the Standardized approach exceeded its CET1 capital ratio requirement.

The Corporation is also required to maintain a minimum supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) of 3.0 percent plus a leverage buffer of 2.0 percent in order to avoid certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At June 30, 2024, our insured depository institution subsidiaries exceeded their requirement to

maintain a minimum 6.0 percent SLR to be considered well capitalized under the PCA framework.

Capital Composition and Ratios

Table 8 presents Bank of America Corporation’s capital ratios and related information in accordance with Basel 3 Standardized and Advanced approaches as measured at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. For the periods presented herein, the Corporation met the definition of well capitalized under current regulatory requirements.

Table 8	Bank of America Corporation Regulatory Capital under Basel 3
		Standardized Approach (1)			Advanced Approaches (1)			Regulatory Minimum (2)
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)		June 30, 2024
Risk-based capital metrics:
Common equity tier 1 capital		$	198,119		$	198,119
Tier 1 capital		224,641			224,641
Total capital (3)		251,434			241,423
Risk-weighted assets (in billions)		1,661			1,469
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio		11.9		%	13.5		%	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital ratio		13.5			15.3			11.5
Total capital ratio		15.1			16.4			13.5
Leverage-based metrics:
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (4)		$	3,196		$	3,196
Tier 1 leverage ratio		7.0		%	7.0		%	4.0
Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions)					$	3,757
Supplementary leverage ratio					6.0		%	5.0
		December 31, 2023
Risk-based capital metrics:
Common equity tier 1 capital		$	194,928		$	194,928
Tier 1 capital		223,323			223,323
Total capital (3)		251,399			241,449
Risk-weighted assets (in billions)		1,651			1,459
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio		11.8		%	13.4		%	9.5	%
Tier 1 capital ratio		13.5			15.3			11.0
Total capital ratio		15.2			16.6			13.0
Leverage-based metrics:
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (4)		$	3,135		$	3,135
Tier 1 leverage ratio		7.1		%	7.1		%	4.0
Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions)					$	3,676
Supplementary leverage ratio					6.1		%	5.0

(1)Capital ratios as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are calculated using the regulatory capital rule that allows a five-year transition period related to the adoption of the current expected credit losses (CECL) accounting standard on January 1, 2020.

(2)The CET1 capital regulatory minimum is the sum of the CET1 capital ratio minimum of 4.5 percent, our G-SIB surcharge of 3.0 percent at June 30, 2024 and 2.5 percent at December 31, 2023, and our capital conservation buffer (under the Advanced approaches) or SCB (under the Standardized approach) of 2.5 percent, as applicable. The countercyclical capital buffer was zero for both periods. The SLR regulatory minimum includes a leverage buffer of 2.0 percent.

(3)Total capital under the Advanced approaches differs from the Standardized approach due to differences in the amount permitted in Tier 2 capital related to the qualifying allowance for credit losses.

(4)Reflects total average assets adjusted for certain Tier 1 capital deductions.

At June 30, 2024, CET1 capital was $198.1 billion, an increase of $3.2 billion from December 31, 2023, primarily due to earnings, partially offset by capital distributions. Tier 1 capital increased $1.3 billion primarily driven by the same factors as CET1 capital, partially offset by preferred stock redemptions. Total capital under the Standardized approach increased $35 million primarily due to the same factors driving the increase in Tier 1 capital and an increase in the adjusted allowance for

credit losses included in Tier 2 capital, largely offset by a decrease in subordinated debt. RWA under the Standardized approach, which yielded the lower CET1 capital ratio at June 30, 2024, increased $10.2 billion during 2024 to $1,661 billion primarily driven by client activity in Global Markets and lending activity in GWIM. Supplementary leverage exposure at June 30, 2024 increased $80.2 billion primarily driven by increased activity in Global Markets and ALM activities in All Other.

Bank of America 22

Table 9 shows the capital composition at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 9	Capital Composition under Basel 3
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Total common shareholders’ equity		$	267,344	$	263,249
CECL transitional amount (1)		627		1,254
Goodwill, net of related deferred tax liabilities		(68,648)		(68,648)
Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards		(8,074)		(7,912)
Intangibles, other than mortgage servicing rights, net of related deferred tax liabilities		(1,467)		(1,496)
Defined benefit pension plan net assets		(787)		(764)
Cumulative unrealized net (gain) loss related to changes in fair value of financial liabilities attributable to own creditworthiness,  net-of-tax		1,511		1,342
Accumulated net (gain) loss on certain cash flow hedges (2)		7,762		8,025
Other		(149)		(122)
Common equity tier 1 capital		198,119		194,928
Qualifying preferred stock, net of issuance cost		26,547		28,396
Other		(25)		(1)
Tier 1 capital		224,641		223,323
Tier 2 capital instruments		13,583		15,340
Qualifying allowance for credit losses (3)		13,564		12,920
Other		(354)		(184)
Total capital under the Standardized approach		251,434		251,399
Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses under the Advanced approaches (3)		(10,011)		(9,950)
Total capital under the Advanced approaches		$	241,423	$	241,449

(1)June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include 25 percent and 50 percent of the CECL transition provision’s impact as of December 31, 2021.

(2)Includes amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) related to the hedging of items that are not recognized at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(3)Includes the impact of transition provisions related to the CECL accounting standard.

Table 10 shows the components of RWA as measured under Basel 3 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 10	Risk-weighted Assets under Basel 3
		Standardized Approach		Advanced Approaches		Standardized Approach		Advanced Approaches
(Dollars in billions)		June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
Credit risk		$	1,588	$	991	$	1,580	$	983
Market risk		73		73		71		71
Operational risk		n/a		359		n/a		361
Risks related to credit valuation adjustments		n/a		46		n/a		44
Total risk-weighted assets		$	1,661	$	1,469	$	1,651	$	1,459

n/a = not applicable

23 Bank of America

Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital

Table 11 presents regulatory capital information for BANA in accordance with Basel 3 Standardized and Advanced approaches as measured at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. BANA met the definition of well capitalized under the PCA framework for both periods.

Table 11	Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital under Basel 3
		Standardized Approach (1)			Advanced Approaches (1)			Regulatory Minimum (2)
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)		June 30, 2024
Risk-based capital metrics:
Common equity tier 1 capital		$	190,106		$	190,106
Tier 1 capital		190,106			190,106
Total capital (3)		205,041			195,264
Risk-weighted assets (in billions)		1,406			1,124
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio		13.5		%	16.9		%	7.0	%
Tier 1 capital ratio		13.5			16.9			8.5
Total capital ratio		14.6			17.4			10.5
Leverage-based metrics:
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (4)		$	2,492		$	2,492
Tier 1 leverage ratio		7.6		%	7.6		%	5.0
Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions)					$	2,944
Supplementary leverage ratio					6.5		%	6.0
		December 31, 2023
Risk-based capital metrics:
Common equity tier 1 capital		$	187,621		$	187,621
Tier 1 capital		187,621			187,621
Total capital (3)		201,932			192,175
Risk-weighted assets (in billions)		1,395			1,114
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio		13.5		%	16.8		%	7.0	%
Tier 1 capital ratio		13.5			16.8			8.5
Total capital ratio		14.5			17.2			10.5
Leverage-based metrics:
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (4)		$	2,471		$	2,471
Tier 1 leverage ratio		7.6		%	7.6		%	5.0
Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions)					$	2,910
Supplementary leverage ratio					6.4		%	6.0

(1)Capital ratios as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are calculated using the regulatory capital rule that allows a five-year transition period related to the adoption of the CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2020.

(2)Risk-based capital regulatory minimums at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are the minimum ratios under Basel 3 including a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent. The regulatory minimums for the leverage ratios as of both period ends are the percent required to be considered well capitalized under the PCA framework.

(3)Total capital under the Advanced approaches differs from the Standardized approach due to differences in the amount permitted in Tier 2 capital related to the qualifying allowance for credit losses.

(4)Reflects total average assets adjusted for certain Tier 1 capital deductions.

Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity Requirements

Total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) consists of the Corporation’s Tier 1 capital and eligible long-term debt issued directly by the Corporation. Eligible long-term debt for TLAC ratios is comprised of unsecured debt that has a remaining maturity of at least one year and satisfies additional requirements as prescribed in the TLAC final rule. As with the

risk-based capital ratios and SLR, the Corporation is required to maintain TLAC ratios in excess of minimum requirements plus applicable buffers to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. Table 12 presents the Corporation's TLAC and long-term debt ratios and related information as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Bank of America 24

Table 12	Bank of America Corporation Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity and Long-Term Debt
		TLAC (1)			Regulatory Minimum (2)		Long-term Debt			Regulatory Minimum (3)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2024
Total eligible balance		$	467,863				$	226,808
Percentage of risk-weighted assets (4)		28.2		%	22.0	%	13.7		%	9.0	%
Percentage of supplementary leverage exposure		12.5			9.5		6.0			4.5
		December 31, 2023
Total eligible balance		$	479,156				$	239,892
Percentage of risk-weighted assets (4)		29.0		%	22.0	%	14.5		%	8.5	%
Percentage of supplementary leverage exposure		13.0			9.5		6.5			4.5

(1)As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, TLAC ratios are calculated using the regulatory capital rule that allows a five-year transition period related to the adoption of the CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2020.

(2)The TLAC RWA regulatory minimum consists of 18.0 percent plus a TLAC RWA buffer comprised of 2.5 percent plus the Method 1 G-SIB surcharge of 1.5 percent. The countercyclical buffer is zero for both periods. The TLAC supplementary leverage exposure regulatory minimum consists of 7.5 percent plus a 2.0 percent TLAC leverage buffer. The TLAC RWA and leverage buffers must be comprised solely of CET1 capital and Tier 1 capital, respectively.

(3)The long-term debt RWA regulatory minimum is comprised of 6.0 percent plus the Corporation’s G-SIB surcharge of 3.0 percent at June 30, 2024 and 2.5 percent at December 31, 2023. The long-term debt leverage exposure regulatory minimum is 4.5 percent. Effective January 1, 2024, the Corporation’s G-SIB surcharge, which is higher under Method 2, increased 50 bps, resulting in an increase in our long-term debt RWA regulatory minimum requirement to 9.0 percent from 8.5 percent.

(4)The approach that yields the higher RWA is used to calculate TLAC and long-term debt ratios, which was the Standardized approach as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Regulatory Developments

For information on regulatory developments, see Capital Management – Regulatory Developments in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Regulatory Capital and Securities Regulation

The Corporation’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are BofA Securities, Inc. (BofAS) and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (MLPF&S). The Corporation's principal European subsidiaries undertaking broker-dealer activities are Merrill Lynch International (MLI) and BofA Securities Europe SA (BofASE).

The U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to the net capital requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act. BofAS computes its capital requirements as an alternative net capital broker-dealer under Rule 15c3-1e, and MLPF&S computes its capital requirements in accordance with the alternative standard under Rule 15c3-1. BofAS is registered as a futures commission merchant and is subject to Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Regulation 1.17. The U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are also registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). Pursuant to FINRA Rule 4110, FINRA may impose higher net capital requirements than Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act with respect to each of the broker-dealers.

BofAS provides institutional services, and in accordance with the alternative net capital requirements, is required to maintain tentative net capital in excess of $5.0 billion and net capital in excess of the greater of $1.0 billion or a certain percentage of its reserve requirement in addition to a certain percentage of securities-based swap risk margin. BofAS must also notify the SEC in the event its tentative net capital is less than $6.0 billion. BofAS is also required to hold a certain percentage of its customers' and affiliates' risk-based margin in order to meet its CFTC minimum net capital requirement. At June 30, 2024, BofAS had tentative net capital of $22.0 billion. BofAS also had regulatory net capital of $19.3 billion, which exceeded the minimum requirement of $4.1 billion.

MLPF&S provides retail services. At June 30, 2024, MLPF&S' regulatory net capital was $4.2 billion, which exceeded the minimum requirement of $158 million.

Our European broker-dealers are subject to requirements from U.S. and non-U.S. regulators. MLI, a U.K. investment firm, is regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority and is subject to certain regulatory

capital requirements. At June 30, 2024, MLI’s capital resources were $33.8 billion, which exceeded the minimum Pillar 1 requirement of $12.1 billion.

BofASE, an authorized credit institution with its head office located in France, is regulated by the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution and the Autorité des Marchés Financiers, and supervised under the Single Supervisory Mechanism by the European Central Bank. At June 30, 2024, BofASE's capital resources were $9.8 billion, which exceeded the minimum Pillar 1 requirement of $3.5 billion.

In addition, MLI and BofASE remained conditionally registered with the SEC as security-based swap dealers, and maintained net liquid assets at June 30, 2024 that exceeded the applicable minimum requirements under the Exchange Act. The entities are also registered as swap dealers with the CFTC and met applicable capital requirements at June 30, 2024.

Liquidity Risk

Funding and Liquidity Risk Management

Our primary liquidity risk management objective is to meet expected or unexpected cash flow and collateral requirements, including payments under long-term debt agreements, commitments to extend credit and customer deposit withdrawals, while continuing to support our businesses and customers under a range of economic conditions. To achieve that objective, we analyze and monitor our liquidity risk under expected and stressed conditions, maintain liquidity and access to diverse funding sources, including our stable deposit base, and seek to align liquidity-related incentives and risks. These liquidity risk management practices have allowed us to effectively manage market fluctuations from the rising interest rate environment, inflationary pressures and changes in the macroeconomic environment.

We define liquidity as readily available assets, limited to cash and high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities that we can use to meet our contractual and contingent financial obligations as they arise. We manage our liquidity position through line-of-business and ALM activities, as well as through our legal entity funding strategy, on both a forward and current (including intraday) basis under both expected and stressed conditions. We believe that a centralized approach to funding and liquidity management enhances our ability to monitor liquidity requirements, maximizes access to funding sources,

25 Bank of America

minimizes borrowing costs and facilitates timely responses to liquidity events. For more information on the Corporation’s liquidity risks, see the Liquidity section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information regarding global funding and liquidity risk management, as well as liquidity sources, liquidity arrangements, contingency planning and credit ratings discussed below, see Liquidity Risk in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

NB Holdings Corporation

Bank of America Corporation, as the parent company (the Parent), which is a separate and distinct legal entity from our bank and nonbank subsidiaries, has an intercompany arrangement with our wholly-owned holding company subsidiary, NB Holdings Corporation (NB Holdings). We have transferred, and agreed to transfer, additional Parent assets not required to satisfy anticipated near-term expenditures to NB Holdings. The Parent is expected to continue to have access to the same flow of dividends, interest and other amounts of cash necessary to service its debt, pay dividends and perform other obligations as it would have had it not entered into these arrangements and transferred any assets. These arrangements support our preferred single point of entry resolution strategy, under which only the Parent would be resolved under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

Global Liquidity Sources and Other Unencumbered Assets

We maintain liquidity available to the Corporation, including the Parent and selected subsidiaries, in the form of cash and high- quality, liquid, unencumbered securities. Our liquidity buffer, referred to as Global Liquidity Sources (GLS), is comprised of assets that are readily available to the Parent and selected subsidiaries, including holding company, bank and broker-dealer subsidiaries, even during stressed market conditions. Our cash is primarily on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank and, to a lesser extent, central banks outside of the U.S. We limit the composition of high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities to U.S. government securities, U.S. agency securities, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities and other investment-grade securities, and a select group of non-U.S. government securities. We can obtain cash for these securities, even in stressed conditions, through repurchase agreements or outright sales. We hold our GLS in legal entities that allow us to meet the liquidity requirements of our global businesses, and we consider the impact of potential regulatory, tax, legal and other restrictions that could limit the transferability of funds among entities.

Table 13 presents average GLS for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 13	Average Global Liquidity Sources
		Three Months Ended
(Dollars in billions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Bank entities		$	745	$	735
Nonbank and other entities (1)		164		162
Total Average Global Liquidity Sources		$	909	$	897

(1) Nonbank includes Parent, NB Holdings and other regulated entities.

Our bank subsidiaries’ liquidity is primarily driven by deposit and lending activity, as well as securities valuation and net debt activity. Bank subsidiaries can also generate incremental liquidity by pledging a range of unencumbered loans and securities to certain Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) and the

Federal Reserve Discount Window. The cash we could have obtained by borrowing against this pool of specifically-identified eligible assets was $317 billion and $312 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. We have established operational procedures to enable us to borrow against these assets, including regularly monitoring our total pool of eligible loans and securities collateral. Eligibility is defined in guidelines from the FHLBs and the Federal Reserve and is subject to change at their discretion. Due to regulatory restrictions, liquidity generated by the bank subsidiaries can generally be used only to fund obligations within the bank subsidiaries, and transfers to the Parent or nonbank subsidiaries may be subject to prior regulatory approval.

Liquidity is also held in nonbank entities, including the Parent, NB Holdings and other regulated entities. The Parent and NB Holdings liquidity is typically in the form of cash deposited at BANA, which is excluded from the liquidity at bank subsidiaries, and high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities. Liquidity held in other regulated entities, comprised primarily of broker-dealer subsidiaries, is primarily available to meet the obligations of that entity, and transfers to the Parent or to any other subsidiary may be subject to prior regulatory approval due to regulatory restrictions and minimum requirements. Our other regulated entities also hold unencumbered investment-grade securities and equities that we believe could be used to generate additional liquidity.

Table 14 presents the composition of average GLS for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 14	Average Global Liquidity Sources Composition
		Three Months Ended
(Dollars in billions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Cash on deposit		$	344	$	380
U.S. Treasury securities		256		197
U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, and other investment-grade securities		286		299
Non-U.S. government securities		23		21
Total Average Global Liquidity Sources		$	909	$	897

Our GLS are substantially the same in composition to what qualifies as High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) under the final U.S. Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) rules. However, HQLA for purposes of calculating LCR is not reported at market value, but at a lower value that incorporates regulatory deductions and the exclusion of excess liquidity held at certain subsidiaries. The LCR is calculated as the amount of a financial institution’s unencumbered HQLA relative to the estimated net cash outflows the institution could encounter over a 30-day period of significant liquidity stress, expressed as a percentage. Our average consolidated HQLA, on a net basis, was $592 billion and $590 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. For the same periods, the average consolidated LCR was 113 percent and 115 percent. Our LCR fluctuates due to normal business flows from customer activity.

Liquidity Stress Analysis

We utilize liquidity stress analysis to assist us in determining the appropriate amounts of liquidity to maintain at the Parent and our subsidiaries to meet contractual and contingent cash outflows under a range of scenarios. For more information on liquidity stress analysis, see Liquidity Risk – Liquidity Stress Analysis in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Bank of America 26

Net Stable Funding Ratio

The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) is a liquidity requirement for large banks to maintain a minimum level of stable funding over a one-year period. The requirement is intended to support the ability of banks to lend to households and businesses in both normal and adverse economic conditions and is complementary to the LCR, which focuses on short-term liquidity risks. The U.S. NSFR applies to the Corporation on a consolidated basis and to our insured depository institutions. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the average consolidated NSFR was 120 percent and 119 percent.

Diversified Funding Sources

We fund our assets primarily with a mix of deposits, and secured and unsecured liabilities through a centralized, globally coordinated funding approach diversified across products, programs, markets, currencies and investor groups. We fund a substantial portion of our lending activities through our deposits, which were $1.91 trillion and $1.92 trillion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Our trading activities in other regulated entities are primarily funded on a secured basis through securities lending and repurchase agreements, and these amounts will vary based on customer activity and market conditions.

Deposits

Our deposit base is well-diversified by clients, geography and product type across our business segments. At June 30, 2024, 50 percent of our deposits were in Consumer Banking, 15 percent in GWIM and 27 percent in Global Banking. We consider a substantial portion of our deposit base to be a stable, low-

cost and consistent source of liquidity. At June 30, 2024 approximately 68 percent of consumer and small business deposits and 79 percent of U.S. deposits in Global Banking were held by clients who have had accounts with us for 10 or more years. In addition, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 27 percent and 28 percent of our deposits were noninterest bearing and included operating accounts of our consumer and commercial clients. Deposits at June 30, 2024 decreased $13.3 billion from December 31, 2023 primarily due to seasonal deposit outflows and customers’ movement of balances to higher yielding investment alternatives, partially offset by time deposit growth.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, rates paid on deposits were 60 bps and 22 bps in Consumer Banking, 314 bps and 235 bps in GWIM, and 318 bps and 224 bps in Global Banking. For information on rates paid on consolidated deposit balances, see Table 6 on page 8.

Long-term Debt

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we issued $29.8 billion of long-term debt consisting of $7.8 billion of notes issued by Bank of America Corporation, which were primarily TLAC compliant, $10.6 billion of notes issued by Bank of America, N.A. and $11.4 billion of other debt.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we had total long-term debt maturities and redemptions in the aggregate of $33.7 billion consisting of $20.9 billion for Bank of America Corporation, $6.8 billion for Bank of America, N.A. and $6.0 billion of other debt. Table 15 presents the carrying value of aggregate annual contractual maturities of long-term debt at June 30, 2024.

Table 15	Long-term Debt by Maturity
(Dollars in millions)		Remainder of 2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
Bank of America Corporation
Senior notes (1)		$	—	$	13,013	$	24,560	$	21,349	$	27,423	$	102,997	$	189,342
Senior structured notes		317		1,550		1,281		927		1,056		11,231		16,362
Subordinated notes		3,105		5,129		4,865		2,085		913		9,122		25,219
Junior subordinated notes		—		—		—		191		—		557		748
Total Bank of America Corporation		3,422		19,692		30,706		24,552		29,392		123,907		231,671
Bank of America, N.A.
Senior notes		—		4,913		3,261		—		662		—		8,836
Subordinated notes		—		—		—		—		—		1,424		1,424
Advances from Federal Home Loan Banks		4,750		3,712		8		3		8		40		8,521
Securitizations and other Bank VIEs (2)		—		2,392		3,475		1,249		1,234		274		8,624
Other		21		572		82		18		57		80		830
Total Bank of America, N.A.		4,771		11,589		6,826		1,270		1,961		1,818		28,235
Other debt
Structured Liabilities		2,045		4,702		4,677		4,211		1,983		12,399		30,017
Nonbank VIEs (2)		35		8		6		—		6		496		551
Total other debt		2,080		4,710		4,683		4,211		1,989		12,895		30,568
Total long-term debt		$	10,273	$	35,991	$	42,215	$	30,033	$	33,342	$	138,620	$	290,474

(1)Total includes $176.5 billion of outstanding notes that are both TLAC eligible and callable one year before their stated maturities, including $9.6 billion during the remainder of 2024, and $21.8 billion, $21.3 billion, $24.6 billion and $19.4 billion during each year of 2025 through 2028, respectively, and $79.8 billion thereafter. For more information on our TLAC eligible and callable outstanding notes, see Liquidity Risk – Diversified Funding Sources in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(2)Represents liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) included in total long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Total long-term debt decreased $11.7 billion to $290.5 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to debt maturities and valuation adjustments, partially offset by debt issuances. We may, from time to time, purchase outstanding debt instruments in various transactions, depending on market conditions, liquidity and other factors. Our other regulated entities may also make markets in our debt instruments to provide liquidity for investors.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we issued $14.2 billion of structured notes, which are debt obligations that pay investors returns linked to other debt or equity securities, indices, currencies or commodities. These structured notes are typically issued to meet client demand, and notes with certain attributes may also be TLAC eligible. We typically hedge the returns we are obligated to pay on these liabilities with derivatives and/or investments in the underlying

27 Bank of America

instruments, so that from a funding perspective, the cost is similar to our other unsecured long-term debt. We could be required to settle certain structured note obligations for cash or other securities prior to maturity under certain circumstances, which we consider for liquidity planning purposes. We believe, however, that a portion of such borrowings will remain outstanding beyond the earliest put or redemption date.

Substantially all of our senior and subordinated debt obligations contain no provisions that could trigger a requirement for an early repayment, require additional collateral support, result in changes to terms, accelerate maturity or create additional financial obligations upon an adverse change in our credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings, cash flows or stock price. For more information on long-term debt funding, including issuances and maturities and redemptions, see Note 11 – Long-term Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We use derivative transactions to manage the duration, interest rate and currency risks of our borrowings, considering the characteristics of the assets they are funding. For more information on our ALM activities, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 44.

Credit Ratings

Credit ratings and outlooks are opinions expressed by rating agencies on our creditworthiness and that of our obligations or securities, including long-term debt, short-term borrowings, preferred stock and other securities, including asset securitizations. Table 16 presents the Corporation’s current long-term/short-term senior debt ratings and outlooks expressed by the rating agencies.

The ratings and outlooks from Moody's Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings for the Corporation and its subsidiaries have not changed from those disclosed in the Corporation's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For more information on additional collateral and termination payments that could be required in connection with certain over-the-counter derivative contracts and other trading agreements in the event of a credit rating downgrade, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein and Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table 16	Senior Debt Ratings
		Moody’s Investors Service			Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings			Fitch Ratings
		Long-term	Short-term	Outlook	Long-term	Short-term	Outlook	Long-term	Short-term	Outlook
Bank of America Corporation		A1	P-1	Stable	A-	A-2	Stable	AA-	F1+	Stable
Bank of America, N.A.		Aa1	P-1	Negative	A+	A-1	Stable	AA	F1+	Stable
Bank of America Europe Designated Activity Company		NR	NR	NR	A+	A-1	Stable	AA	F1+	Stable
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated		NR	NR	NR	A+	A-1	Stable	AA	F1+	Stable
BofA Securities, Inc.		NR	NR	NR	A+	A-1	Stable	AA	F1+	Stable
Merrill Lynch International		NR	NR	NR	A+	A-1	Stable	AA	F1+	Stable
BofA Securities Europe SA		NR	NR	NR	A+	A-1	Stable	AA	F1+	Stable

NR = not rated

Finance Subsidiary Issuers and Parent Guarantor

BofA Finance LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (BofA Finance), is a consolidated finance subsidiary of the Corporation that has issued and sold, and is expected to continue to issue and sell, its senior unsecured debt securities (Guaranteed Notes) that are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Corporation. The Corporation guarantees the due and punctual payment, on demand, of amounts payable on the Guaranteed Notes if not paid by BofA Finance. In addition, each of BAC Capital Trust XIII, BAC Capital Trust XIV and BAC Capital Trust XV, Delaware statutory trusts (collectively, the Trusts) is a 100 percent owned finance subsidiary of the Corporation that has issued and sold trust preferred securities (the Trust Preferred Securities) or capital securities (the Capital Securities and, together with the Guaranteed Notes and the Trust Preferred Securities, the Guaranteed Securities), as applicable, that remained outstanding at June 30, 2024. The Corporation has fully and unconditionally guaranteed (or effectively provided for the full and unconditional guarantee of) all such securities issued by such finance subsidiaries. For more information regarding such guarantees by the Corporation, see Liquidity Risk – Finance Subsidiary Issuers and Parent Guarantor in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Representations and Warranties Obligations

For information on representations and warranties obligations in connection with the sale of mortgage loans, see Note 12 –

Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Credit Risk Management

For information on our credit risk management activities, see the following: Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 29, Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 33, Non-U.S. Portfolio on page 39, Allowance for Credit Losses on page 40, Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Credit Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For information on the Corporation’s loan modification programs, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on the Corporation’s credit risks, see the Credit section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, our net charge-off ratio increased primarily driven by credit card loans and the commercial real estate office portfolio. Commercial reservable criticized exposure increased compared to December 31, 2023 driven by an increase across a broad range of industries excluding commercial real estate, while nonperforming loans remained relatively unchanged. Uncertainty remains regarding

Bank of America 28

broader economic impacts as a result of inflationary pressures, elevated rates and the current geopolitical environment and could lead to adverse impacts to credit quality metrics in future periods.

Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management

Credit risk management for the consumer portfolio begins with initial underwriting and continues throughout a borrower’s credit cycle. Statistical techniques in conjunction with experiential judgment are used in all aspects of portfolio management including underwriting, product pricing, risk appetite, setting credit limits, and establishing operating processes and metrics to quantify and balance risks and returns. Statistical models are built using detailed behavioral information from external sources, such as credit bureaus, and/or internal historical experience and are a component of our consumer credit risk management process. These models are used in part to assist in making both new and ongoing credit decisions as well as portfolio management strategies, including authorizations and line management, collection practices and strategies, and determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses and allocated capital for credit risk.

Consumer Credit Portfolio

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the U.S. unemployment rate remained relatively stable and home prices continued to rise. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, net charge-offs increased $339 million and $714 million to $1.1 billion and $2.1 billion compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily due to higher credit card loan charge-offs.

The consumer allowance for loan and lease losses was $8.5 billion, relatively unchanged from December 31, 2023. For more information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 40.

For more information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, charge-offs and loan modifications for the consumer portfolio, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table 17 presents our outstanding consumer loans and leases, consumer nonperforming loans and accruing consumer loans past due 90 days or more.

Table 17	Consumer Credit Quality
		Outstandings				Nonperforming						Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024			December 31 2023			June 30 2024			December 31 2023
Residential mortgage (1)		$	227,870	$	228,403	$	2,097		$	2,114		$	211		$	252
Home equity		25,442		25,527		422			450			—			—
Credit card		99,450		102,200		n/a			n/a			1,257			1,224
Direct/Indirect consumer (2)		103,834		103,468		152			148			6			2
Other consumer		117		124		—			—			—			—
Consumer loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option		$	456,713	$	459,722	$	2,671		$	2,712		$	1,474		$	1,478
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)		231		243
Total consumer loans and leases		$	456,944	$	459,965
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (4)		n/a		n/a		0.58		%	0.59		%	0.32		%	0.32		%
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases, excluding fully-insured loan portfolios (4)		n/a		n/a		0.60			0.60			0.28			0.27

(1)Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, residential mortgage included $125 million and $156 million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $86 million and $96 million of loans on which interest was still accruing.

(2)Outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $53.6 billion and $53.9 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $46.7 billion and $46.0 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.8 billion at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(3)For more information on the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(4)Excludes consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans accounted for under the fair value option past due 90 days or more and not accruing interest were insignificant.

n/a= not applicable

29 Bank of America

Table 18 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for consumer loans and leases.

Table 18	Consumer Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios
		Net Charge-offs								Net Charge-off Ratios (1)
		Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30				Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Residential mortgage		$	—	$	2	$	3	$	3	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Home equity		(14)		(16)		(27)		(28)		(0.23)		(0.25)		(0.21)		(0.21)
Credit card		955		610		1,854		1,111		3.88		2.60		3.75		2.41
Direct/Indirect consumer		51		17		116		18		0.20		0.06		0.23		0.03
Other consumer		67		107		141		269		n/m		n/m		n/m		n/m
Total		$	1,059	$	720	$	2,087	$	1,373	0.93		0.64		0.92		0.61

(1)Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases, excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.

n/m = not meaningful

We believe that the presentation of information adjusted to exclude the impact of the fully-insured loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option is more representative of the ongoing operations and credit quality of the business. As a result, in the following tables and discussions of the residential mortgage and home equity portfolios, we exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option and provide information that excludes the impact of the fully-insured loan portfolio in certain credit quality statistics.

Residential Mortgage

The residential mortgage portfolio made up the largest percentage of our consumer loan portfolio at 50 percent of consumer loans and leases at June 30, 2024. Approximately 51 percent of the residential mortgage portfolio was in Consumer Banking, 46 percent was in GWIM and the remaining portion was in All Other.

Outstanding balances in the residential mortgage portfolio decreased $533 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, as paydowns and payoffs outpaced new originations.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the residential mortgage portfolio included $10.5 billion and $11.0 billion of outstanding fully-insured loans, of which $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion had FHA insurance, with the remainder protected by Fannie Mae long-term standby agreements.

Table 19 presents certain residential mortgage key credit statistics on both a reported basis and excluding the fully-insured loan portfolio. The following discussion presents the residential mortgage portfolio excluding the fully-insured loan portfolio.

Table 19	Residential Mortgage – Key Credit Statistics
		Reported Basis (1)						Excluding Fully-insured Loans (1)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024			December 31 2023			June 30 2024			December 31 2023
Outstandings		$	227,870		$	228,403		$	217,377		$	217,439
Accruing past due 30 days or more		1,452			1,513			987			986
Accruing past due 90 days or more		211			252			—			—
Nonperforming loans (2)		2,097			2,114			2,097			2,114
Percent of portfolio
Refreshed LTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100		1		%	1		%	1		%	1		%
Refreshed LTV greater than 100		—			—			—			—
Refreshed FICO below 620		1			1			1			1

(1)Outstandings, accruing past due, nonperforming loans and percentages of portfolio exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.

(2)Includes loans that are contractually current that have not yet demonstrated a sustained period of payment performance following a modification.

Nonperforming outstanding balances in the residential mortgage portfolio remained relatively unchanged during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Of the nonperforming residential mortgage loans at June 30, 2024, $1.3 billion, or 63 percent, were current on contractual payments. Loans accruing past due 30 days or more of $987 million also remained relatively unchanged.

Of the $217.4 billion in total residential mortgage loans outstanding at June 30, 2024, $63.5 billion, or 29 percent, of loans were originated as interest-only. The outstanding balance of interest-only residential mortgage loans that had entered the amortization period was $3.5 billion, or six percent, at June 30, 2024. Residential mortgage loans that have entered the amortization period generally experience a higher rate of early stage delinquencies and nonperforming status compared to the residential mortgage portfolio as a whole. At June 30, 2024,

$49 million, or one percent, of outstanding interest-only residential mortgages that had entered the amortization period were accruing past due 30 days or more compared to $987 million, or less than one percent, for the entire residential mortgage portfolio. In addition, at June 30, 2024, $197 million, or six percent, of outstanding interest-only residential mortgage loans that had entered the amortization period were nonperforming, of which $75 million were contractually current. Loans that have yet to enter the amortization period in our interest-only residential mortgage portfolio are primarily well-collateralized loans to our wealth management clients and have an interest-only period of three years to 10 years. Substantially all of these loans that have yet to enter the amortization period will not be required to make a fully-amortizing payment until 2026 or later.

Bank of America 30

Table 20 presents outstandings, nonperforming loans and net charge-offs by certain state concentrations for the residential mortgage portfolio. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) made up 15 percent of outstandings at both

June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California represented 14 percent of outstandings at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 20	Residential Mortgage State Concentrations
		Outstandings (1)				Nonperforming (1)				Net Charge-offs
		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)										2024		2023		2024		2023
California		$	81,240	$	81,085	$	634	$	641	$	—	$	(1)	$	2	$	(1)
New York		25,864		25,975		317		320		1		1		1		3
Florida		15,605		15,450		138		131		(1)		—		(1)		(2)
Texas		9,313		9,361		88		88		—		1		—		1
New Jersey		8,626		8,671		94		97		(1)		(1)		(1)		(1)
Other		76,729		76,897		826		837		1		2		2		3
Residential mortgage loans		$	217,377	$	217,439	$	2,097	$	2,114	$	—	$	2	$	3	$	3
Fully-insured loan portfolio		10,493		10,964
Total residential mortgage loan portfolio		$	227,870	$	228,403

(1)Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.

Home Equity

At June 30, 2024, the home equity portfolio made up six percent of the consumer portfolio and was comprised of home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), home equity loans and reverse mortgages. HELOCs generally have an initial draw period of 10 years, and after the initial draw period ends, the loans generally convert to 15- or 20-year amortizing loans. We no longer originate home equity loans or reverse mortgages.

At June 30, 2024, 84 percent of the home equity portfolio was in Consumer Banking, 10 percent was in GWIM and the remainder of the portfolio was in All Other. Outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio decreased $85 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to paydowns outpacing draws on existing lines and new originations. Of the

total home equity portfolio at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $9.7 billion and $10.1 billion, or 38 percent and 39 percent, were in first-lien positions. At June 30, 2024, outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio that were in a second-lien or more junior-lien position and where we also held the first-lien loan totaled $4.4 billion, or 17 percent, of our total home equity portfolio.

Unused HELOCs totaled $45.3 billion and $45.1 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The HELOC utilization rate was 35 percent at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 21 presents certain home equity portfolio key credit statistics.

Table 21	Home Equity – Key Credit Statistics (1)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024			December 31 2023
Outstandings		$	25,442		$	25,527
Accruing past due 30 days or more		87			95
Nonperforming loans (2)		422			450
Percent of portfolio
Refreshed CLTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100		—		%	—		%
Refreshed CLTV greater than 100		—			—
Refreshed FICO below 620		3			3

(1)Outstandings, accruing past due, nonperforming loans and percentages of the portfolio exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.

(2)Includes loans that are contractually current that have not yet demonstrated a sustained period of payment performance following a modification.

Nonperforming outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio decreased $28 million to $422 million at June 30, 2024, primarily driven by paydowns and payoffs and returns to performing status outpacing new additions. Of the nonperforming home equity loans at June 30, 2024, $253 million, or 60 percent, were current on contractual payments. In addition, $94 million, or 22 percent, were 180 days or more past due and had been written down to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell. Accruing loans that were 30 days or more past due remained relatively unchanged during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Of the $25.4 billion in total home equity portfolio outstandings at June 30, 2024, as shown in Table 21, 10 percent require interest-only payments. The outstanding balance of HELOCs that had reached the end of their draw period and

entered the amortization period was $3.6 billion at June 30, 2024. The HELOCs that have entered the amortization period have experienced a higher percentage of early stage delinquencies and nonperforming status when compared to the HELOC portfolio as a whole. At June 30, 2024, $36 million, or one percent, of outstanding HELOCs that had entered the amortization period were accruing past due 30 days or more. In addition, at June 30, 2024, $262 million, or seven percent, were nonperforming.

For our interest-only HELOC portfolio, we do not actively track how many of our home equity customers pay only the minimum amount due on their home equity loans and lines; however, we can infer some of this information through a review of our HELOC portfolio that we service and is still in its revolving period. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, 29 percent

31 Bank of America

of these customers with an outstanding balance did not pay any principal on their HELOCs.

Table 22 presents outstandings, nonperforming balances and net recoveries by certain state concentrations for the home equity portfolio. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA made up 11 percent of the

outstanding home equity portfolio at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California made up 10 percent of the outstanding home equity portfolio at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 22	Home Equity State Concentrations
		Outstandings (1)				Nonperforming (1)				Net Charge-Offs
		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)										2024		2023		2024		2023
California		$	6,960	$	6,966	$	105	$	109	$	(2)	$	(1)	$	(5)	$	(2)
Florida		2,539		2,576		49		53		(2)		(2)		(4)		(5)
New Jersey		1,830		1,870		38		46		(2)		(3)		(4)		(3)
New York		1,527		1,590		66		71		(2)		(2)		(2)		(4)
Texas		1,457		1,410		15		16		—		—		—		—
Other		11,129		11,115		149		155		(6)		(8)		(12)		(14)
Total home equity loan portfolio		$	25,442	$	25,527	$	422	$	450	$	(14)	$	(16)	$	(27)	$	(28)

(1)Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.

Credit Card

At June 30, 2024, 97 percent of the credit card portfolio was managed in Consumer Banking with the remainder in GWIM. Outstandings in the credit card portfolio decreased $2.8 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $99.5 billion as payments more than offset purchase volume and card transfers. Net charge-offs increased $345 million to $955 million and $743 million to $1.9 billion during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023.

Credit card loans 30 days or more past due and still accruing interest of $2.4 billion, and 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest of $1.3 billion remained relatively unchanged at June 30, 2024.

Unused lines of credit for credit card increased to $396.5 billion at June 30, 2024 from $390.2 billion at December 31, 2023.

Table 23 presents certain state concentrations for the credit card portfolio.

Table 23	Credit Card State Concentrations
		Outstandings				Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More				Net Charge-offs
		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)										2024		2023		2024		2023
California		$	16,518	$	16,952	$	235	$	216	$	177	$	109	$	338	$	197
Florida		10,325		10,521		172		168		130		80		253		149
Texas		8,739		8,978		127		125		94		57		184		105
New York		5,574		5,788		79		84		60		51		122		90
Washington		5,339		5,352		43		41		31		18		58		32
Other		52,955		54,609		601		590		463		295		899		538
Total credit card portfolio		$	99,450	$	102,200	$	1,257	$	1,224	$	955	$	610	$	1,854	$	1,111

Direct/Indirect Consumer

At June 30, 2024, 52 percent of the direct/indirect portfolio was included in Consumer Banking (consumer auto and recreational vehicle lending) and 48 percent was included in

GWIM (principally securities-based lending loans). Outstandings in the direct/indirect portfolio increased $366 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $103.8 billion driven by increases in securities-based lending.

Bank of America 32

Table 24 presents certain state concentrations for the direct/indirect consumer loan portfolio.

Table 24	Direct/Indirect State Concentrations
		Outstandings				Nonperforming				Net Charge-offs
		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)										2024		2023		2024		2023
California		$	15,502	$	15,416	$	30	$	27	$	12	$	4	$	27	$	6
Florida		13,953		13,550		18		18		6		3		15		3
Texas		9,859		9,668		15		14		7		3		15		3
New York		7,365		7,335		13		11		3		2		7		2
New Jersey		4,401		4,376		6		5		2		1		4		1
Other		52,754		53,123		70		73		21		4		48		3
Total direct/indirect loan portfolio		$	103,834	$	103,468	$	152	$	148	$	51	$	17	$	116	$	18

Other Consumer

Other consumer primarily consists of deposit overdraft balances. Net charge-offs decreased $40 million to $67 million and $128 million to $141 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily driven by lower overdraft losses from fraud activity.

Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity

Table 25 presents nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties activity for the three and six months

ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, nonperforming consumer loans of $2.7 billion remained relatively unchanged.

At June 30, 2024, $460 million, or 17 percent, of nonperforming loans were 180 days or more past due and had been written down to their estimated property value less costs to sell. In addition, at June 30, 2024, $1.6 billion, or 61 percent, of nonperforming consumer loans were current and classified as nonperforming loans in accordance with applicable policies.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, foreclosed properties of $114 million remained relatively unchanged.

Table 25	Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity
		Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024			2023			2024		2023
Nonperforming loans and leases, beginning of period		$	2,697		$	2,714		$	2,712	$	2,754
Additions		223			258			477		511
Reductions:
Paydowns and payoffs		(118)			(131)			(249)		(234)
Sales		(1)			(2)			(2)		(4)
Returns to performing status (1)		(121)			(92)			(234)		(262)
Charge-offs		(7)			(13)			(17)		(25)
Transfers to foreclosed properties		(2)			(5)			(16)		(11)
Total net additions (reductions) to nonperforming loans and leases		(26)			15			(41)		(25)
Total nonperforming loans and leases, June 30		2,671			2,729			2,671		2,729
Foreclosed properties, June 30		114			97			114		97
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties, June 30 (2)		$	2,785		$	2,826		$	2,785	$	2,826
Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (3)		0.58		%	0.60		%
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties (3)		0.61			0.62

(1)Consumer loans may be returned to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection.

(2)Includes repossessed non-real estate assets of $22 million and $0 at June 30, 2024 and 2023.

(3)Outstanding consumer loans and leases exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.

Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management

Commercial credit risk is evaluated and managed with the goal that concentrations of credit exposure continue to be aligned with our risk appetite. We review, measure and manage concentrations of credit exposure by industry, product, geography, customer relationship and loan size. We also review, measure and manage commercial real estate loans by geographic location and property type. In addition, within our non-U.S. portfolio, we evaluate exposures by region and by country. Tables 30, 32 and 35 summarize our concentrations. We also utilize syndications of exposure to third parties, loan sales, hedging and other risk mitigation techniques to manage

the size and risk profile of the commercial credit portfolio. For more information on our industry concentrations, see Table 32 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Industry Concentrations on page 37.

For more information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, net charge-offs and loan modifications for the commercial portfolio, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

33 Bank of America

Commercial Credit Portfolio

Outstanding commercial loans and leases increased $6.1 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2024 due to growth in U.S. commercial, primarily in GWIM and Global Markets. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, commercial credit quality deteriorated as reservable criticized utilized exposure increased primarily driven by U.S. commercial across a broad range of industries while commercial nonperforming loans remained relatively unchanged. Commercial net charge-offs increased $325 million and $641 million to $474 million and $944 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 primarily due to higher losses in the commercial real estate office portfolio.

With the exception of the office property type, which is further discussed in the Commercial Real Estate section herein, credit quality of commercial real estate borrowers has remained relatively stable since December 31, 2023; however, we are closely monitoring emerging trends and borrower performance in the higher interest rate environment. Recent demand for office space has been stagnant, and future demand for office space continues to be uncertain as companies evaluate space needs with employment models that utilize a mix of remote and conventional office use.

The commercial allowance for loan and lease losses decreased $98 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $4.7 billion. For more information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 40.

Total commercial utilized credit exposure increased $1.5 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $697.8 billion primarily driven by increased loans and leases, partially offset by lower derivative assets. The utilization rate for loans and leases, standby letters of credit (SBLCs) and financial guarantees, and commercial letters of credit, in the aggregate, was 55 percent at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 26 presents commercial credit exposure by type for utilized, unfunded and total binding committed credit exposure. Commercial utilized credit exposure includes SBLCs and financial guarantees and commercial letters of credit that have been issued and for which we are legally bound to advance funds under prescribed conditions during a specified time period, and excludes exposure related to trading account assets. Although funds have not yet been advanced, these exposure types are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes.

Table 26	Commercial Credit Exposure by Type
		Commercial Utilized (1)				Commercial Unfunded (2, 3, 4)				Total Commercial Committed
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Loans and leases		$	599,841	$	593,767	$	512,178	$	507,641	$	1,112,019	$	1,101,408
Derivative assets (5)		35,956		39,323		—		—		35,956		39,323
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees		31,290		31,348		1,912		1,953		33,202		33,301
Debt securities and other investments		17,902		20,422		4,595		3,083		22,497		23,505
Loans held-for-sale		5,996		4,338		5,482		4,904		11,478		9,242
Operating leases		5,191		5,312		—		—		5,191		5,312
Commercial letters of credit		874		943		165		232		1,039		1,175
Other		763		846		—		—		763		846
Total		$	697,813	$	696,299	$	524,332	$	517,813	$	1,222,145	$	1,214,112

(1)Commercial utilized exposure includes loans of $3.0 billion and $3.3 billion accounted for under the fair value option at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(2)Commercial unfunded exposure includes commitments accounted for under the fair value option with a notional amount of $3.2 billion and $2.6 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(3)Excludes unused business card lines, which are not legally binding.

(4)Includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments, net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $10.3 billion at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(5)Derivative assets are carried at fair value, reflect the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by cash collateral of $27.4 billion and $29.4 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Not reflected in utilized and committed exposure is additional non-cash derivative collateral held of $56.8 billion and $56.1 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, which consists primarily of other marketable securities.

Bank of America 34

Table 27 presents our commercial loans and leases portfolio and related credit quality information at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 27	Commercial Credit Quality
		Outstandings				Nonperforming				Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Commercial and industrial:
U.S. commercial		$	369,139	$	358,931	$	700	$	636	$	68	$	51
Non-U.S. commercial		122,183		124,581		90		175		3		4
Total commercial and industrial		491,322		483,512		790		811		71		55
Commercial real estate		70,284		72,878		1,971		1,927		59		32
Commercial lease financing		14,874		14,854		19		19		7		7
		576,480		571,244		2,780		2,757		137		94
U.S. small business commercial (1)		20,395		19,197		22		16		189		184
Commercial loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option		$	596,875	$	590,441	$	2,802	$	2,773	$	326	$	278
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (2)		2,966		3,326
Total commercial loans and leases		$	599,841	$	593,767

(1)Includes card-related products.

(2)Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial of $2.0 billion and $2.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial of $945 million and $1.2 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. For more information on the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table 28 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for our commercial loans and leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Table 28	Commercial Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios
		Net Charge-offs								Net Charge-off Ratios (1)
		Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30				Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Commercial and industrial:
U.S. commercial		$	87	$	5	153		$	52	0.10	%	0.01	%	0.08	%	0.03	%
Non-U.S. commercial		(3)		—		(12)		20		(0.01)		—		(0.02)		0.03
Total commercial and industrial		84		5		141		72		0.07		—		0.06		0.03
Commercial real estate		272		69		576		91		1.53		0.37		1.62		0.25
Commercial lease financing		—		1		1		—		—		—		0.01		—
		356		75		718		163		0.25		0.05		0.25		0.06
U.S. small business commercial		118		74		226		140		2.35		1.62		2.28		1.55
Total commercial		$	474	$	149	$	944	$	303	0.32		0.10		0.32		0.10

(1)Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases, excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.

Table 29 presents commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure by loan type. Criticized exposure corresponds to the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful asset categories as defined by regulatory authorities. Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure increased $1.5 billion during the six

months ended June 30, 2024 primarily driven by U.S. commercial, partially offset by commercial real estate. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 90 percent and 89 percent of commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure was secured.

Table 29	Commercial Reservable Criticized Utilized Exposure (1, 2)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial:
U.S. commercial		$	13,758	3.48	%	$	12,006	3.12	%
Non-U.S. commercial		1,835		1.44		1,787		1.37
Total commercial and industrial		15,593		2.98		13,793		2.68
Commercial real estate		8,314		11.62		8,749		11.80
Commercial lease financing		211		1.42		166		1.12
		24,118		3.96		22,708		3.76
U.S. small business commercial		643		3.16		592		3.08
Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure		$	24,761	3.94		$	23,300	3.74

(1)Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure includes loans and leases of $23.7 billion and $22.5 billion and commercial letters of credit of $1.0 billion and $795 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(2)Percentages are calculated as commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure divided by total commercial reservable utilized exposure for each exposure category.

35 Bank of America

Commercial and Industrial

Commercial and industrial loans include U.S. commercial and non-U.S. commercial portfolios.

U.S. Commercial

At June 30, 2024, 62 percent of the U.S. commercial loan portfolio, excluding small business, was managed in Global Banking, 22 percent in Global Markets, 15 percent in GWIM (loans that provide financing for asset purchases, business investments and other liquidity needs for high net worth clients) and the remainder primarily in Consumer Banking. U.S. commercial loans increased $10.2 billion, or three percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily driven by Global Banking and GWIM. Reservable criticized utilized exposure increased $1.8 billion, or 15 percent, driven by a broad range of industries.

Non-U.S. Commercial

At June 30, 2024, 60 percent of the non-U.S. commercial loan portfolio was managed in Global Banking, 39 percent in Global Markets and the remainder primarily in GWIM. Non-U.S. commercial loans decreased $2.4 billion, or two percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily driven by Global Banking. Reservable criticized utilized exposure increased $48 million, or three percent. For information on the non-U.S. commercial portfolio, see Non-U.S. Portfolio on page 39.

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial real estate primarily includes commercial loans secured by non-owner-occupied real estate and is dependent on the sale or lease of the real estate as the primary source of repayment. Outstanding loans decreased $2.6 billion, or four percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $70.3 billion primarily driven by the office property type. The

commercial real estate portfolio is primarily managed in Global Banking and consists of loans made primarily to public and private developers, and commercial real estate firms. The portfolio remains diversified across property types and geographic regions. California represented the largest state concentration at 20 percent of commercial real estate at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased $435 million, or five percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily driven by office loans. Office loans represented the largest property type concentration at 23 percent of the commercial real estate portfolio at June 30, 2024, and approximately two percent of total loans for the Corporation. This property type is roughly 75 percent Class A and had an origination loan-to-value of approximately 55 percent. Reservable criticized exposure for the office property type was $5.1 billion at June 30, 2024, and approximately $4.8 billion of office loans are scheduled to mature by the end of 2024.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, net charge-offs increased by $203 million and $485 million to $272 million and $576 million compared to the same periods in 2023 driven by office loans. We use a number of proactive risk mitigation initiatives to reduce adversely rated exposure in the commercial real estate portfolio, including transfers of deteriorating exposures for management by independent special asset officers and the pursuit of loan restructurings or asset sales to achieve the best results for our customers and the Corporation.

Table 30 presents outstanding commercial real estate loans by geographic region, based on the geographic location of the collateral, and by property type.

Table 30	Outstanding Commercial Real Estate Loans
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
By Geographic Region
Northeast		$	15,966	$	15,920
California		14,085		14,551
Southwest		8,566		9,318
Southeast		7,245		8,368
Florida		4,654		4,986
Midwest		3,414		3,149
Illinois		3,266		3,361
Midsouth		2,833		2,785
Northwest		2,100		2,095
Non-U.S.		5,891		6,052
Other		2,264		2,293
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans		$	70,284	$	72,878
By Property Type
Non-residential
Office		$	16,314	$	17,976
Industrial / Warehouse		14,675		14,746
Multi-family rental		11,561		10,606
Shopping centers / Retail		5,640		5,756
Hotel / Motels		5,051		5,665
Multi-use		2,131		2,681
Other		14,080		14,201
Total non-residential		69,452		71,631
Residential		832		1,247
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans		$	70,284	$	72,878

Bank of America 36

U.S. Small Business Commercial

The U.S. small business commercial loan portfolio is comprised of small business card loans and small business loans primarily managed in Consumer Banking. Credit card-related products were 54 percent of the U.S. small business commercial portfolio at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and represented 99 percent and 98 percent of net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 98 percent for the same periods in 2023. Accruing past due 90 days or more of $189 million remained relatively unchanged.

Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity

Table 31 presents the nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Nonperforming loans do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, nonperforming commercial loans and leases increased $29 million to $2.8 billion. At June 30, 2024, 94 percent of commercial nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties were secured, and 42 percent were contractually current. Commercial nonperforming loans were carried at 79 percent of their unpaid principal balance, as the carrying value of these loans has been reduced to the estimated collateral value less costs to sell.

Table 31	Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity (1, 2)
		Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024			2023			2024		2023
Nonperforming loans and leases, beginning of period		$	3,186		$	1,204		$	2,773	$	1,054
Additions		704			484			1,710		903
Reductions:
Paydowns		(505)			(171)			(725)		(243)
Sales		(9)			(3)			(10)		(3)
Returns to performing status (3)		(129)			(7)			(133)		(59)
Charge-offs		(357)			(87)			(725)		(175)
Transfers to foreclosed properties		(88)			(23)			(88)		(23)
Transfers to loans held-for-sale		—			—			—		(57)
Total net additions (reductions) to nonperforming loans and leases		(384)			193			29		343
Total nonperforming loans and leases, June 30		2,802			1,397			2,802		1,397
Foreclosed properties, June 30		104			51			104		51
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties, June 30		$	2,906		$	1,448		$	2,906	$	1,448
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases (4)		0.47		%	0.24		%
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties (4)		0.49			0.25

(1)Balances do not include nonperforming loans held-for-sale of $707 million and $174 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023.

(2)Includes U.S. small business commercial activity. Small business card loans are excluded as they are not classified as nonperforming.

(3)Commercial loans and leases may be returned to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection, or when a modified loan demonstrates a sustained period of payment performance.

(4)Outstanding commercial loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.

Industry Concentrations

Table 32 presents commercial committed and utilized credit exposure by industry. For information on net notional credit protection purchased to hedge funded and unfunded exposures for which we elected the fair value option, as well as certain other credit exposures, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Risk Mitigation.

Commercial credit exposure is diversified across a broad range of industries. Total commercial committed exposure increased $8.0 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $1.2 trillion. The increase in commercial committed exposure was concentrated in Asset managers and funds, Software and services and Consumer services.

For information on industry limits, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Risk Mitigation in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Asset managers and funds, our largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $174.3 billion, increased $5.0 billion, or three percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily driven by investment-grade exposures.

Real estate, our second largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $97.3 billion decreased $3.0 billion or three percent during the six months ended June 30, 2024. For more information on the commercial real estate and related portfolios, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Commercial Real Estate on page 36.

Capital goods, our third largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $92.2 billion, decreased $4.8 billion, or five percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decline in committed exposure was primarily due to decreases in Industrial conglomerates and Aerospace and defense, partially offset by an increase in Building products.

Various macroeconomic challenges, including geopolitical tensions, inflationary pressures and elevated interest rates, have led to uncertainty in the U.S. and global economies and have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, a number of industries. We continue to monitor all industries, particularly higher risk industries that are experiencing or could experience a more significant impact to their financial condition.

37 Bank of America

Table 32	Commercial Credit Exposure by Industry (1)
		Commercial Utilized				Total Commercial Committed (2)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Asset managers and funds		$	106,806	$	103,138	$	174,326	$	169,318
Real estate (3)		71,734		73,150		97,266		100,269
Capital goods		48,192		49,698		92,243		97,044
Finance companies		60,950		62,906		89,871		89,119
Healthcare equipment and services		34,369		35,037		62,557		61,766
Materials		25,662		25,223		56,069		55,296
Retailing		25,016		24,561		53,432		54,523
Consumer services		27,525		27,355		51,504		49,105
Food, beverage and tobacco		24,317		23,865		49,745		49,426
Government and public education		31,755		31,051		47,840		45,873
Individuals and trusts		34,124		32,481		46,069		43,938
Commercial services and supplies		23,282		22,642		42,292		41,473
Utilities		17,426		18,610		39,416		39,481
Energy		12,332		12,450		37,122		36,996
Transportation		23,798		24,200		34,860		36,267
Technology hardware and equipment		11,033		11,951		29,585		29,160
Software and services		10,901		9,830		26,734		22,381
Global commercial banks		21,621		22,749		24,819		25,684
Media		12,626		13,033		24,302		24,908
Vehicle dealers		18,179		16,283		23,546		22,570
Consumer durables and apparel		8,803		9,184		21,201		20,732
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology		6,778		6,852		20,920		22,169
Insurance		9,903		9,371		20,115		19,322
Telecommunication services		9,165		9,224		17,685		17,269
Automobiles and components		8,044		7,049		16,192		16,459
Food and staples retailing		7,956		7,423		12,911		12,496
Financial markets infrastructure (clearinghouses)		2,953		4,229		5,156		6,503
Religious and social organizations		2,563		2,754		4,367		4,565
Total commercial credit exposure by industry		$	697,813	$	696,299	$	1,222,145	$	1,214,112

(1)Includes U.S. small business commercial exposure.

(2)Includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments, net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $10.3 billion at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(3)Industries are viewed from a variety of perspectives to best isolate the perceived risks. For purposes of this table, the real estate industry is defined based on the primary business activity of the borrowers or counterparties using operating cash flows and primary source of repayment as key factors.

Risk Mitigation

We purchase credit protection to cover the funded portion as well as the unfunded portion of certain credit exposures. To lower the cost of obtaining our desired credit protection levels, we may add credit exposure within an industry, borrower or counterparty group by selling protection.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, net notional credit default protection purchased in our credit derivatives portfolio to hedge our funded and unfunded exposures for which we elected the fair value option, as well as certain other credit exposures, was $10.4 billion and $10.9 billion. We recorded net gains of $9 million and net losses of $16 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to net losses of $34 million and $111 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The gains and losses on these instruments were largely offset by gains and losses on the

related exposures. The Value-at-Risk (VaR) results for these exposures are included in the fair value option portfolio information in Table 38. For more information, see Trading Risk Management on page 42.

Tables 33 and 34 present the maturity profiles and the credit exposure debt ratings of the net credit default protection portfolio at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 33	Net Credit Default Protection by Maturity
		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Less than or equal to one year		18	%	36	%
Greater than one year and less than or equal to five years		82		64
Total net credit default protection		100	%	100	%

Bank of America 38

Table 34	Net Credit Default Protection by Credit Exposure Debt Rating
		Net Notional (1)		Percent of Total		Net Notional (1)		Percent of Total
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
Ratings (2, 3)
AAA		$	(399)	3.8	%	$	(479)	4.4	%
AA		(633)		6.1		(1,080)		9.9
A		(5,151)		49.3		(5,237)		48.2
BBB		(3,134)		30.0		(2,912)		26.8
BB		(616)		5.9		(698)		6.4
B		(284)		2.7		(419)		3.9
CCC and below		(233)		2.2		(52)		0.5
NR (4)		1		—		2		(0.1)
Total net credit default protection		$	(10,449)	100.0	%	$	(10,875)	100.0	%

(1)Represents net credit default protection purchased.

(2)Ratings are refreshed on a quarterly basis.

(3)Ratings of BBB- or higher are considered to meet the definition of investment grade.

(4)NR is comprised of index positions held and any names that have not been rated.

For more information on credit derivatives and counterparty credit risk valuation adjustments, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Non-U.S. Portfolio

Our non-U.S. credit and trading portfolios are subject to country risk. We define country risk as the risk of loss from unfavorable economic and political conditions, currency fluctuations, social instability and changes in government policies. A risk management framework is in place to measure, monitor and manage non-U.S. risk and exposures. In addition to the direct risk of doing business in a country, we also are exposed to indirect country risks (e.g., related to the collateral received on secured financing transactions or related to client clearing activities). These indirect exposures are managed in the normal course of business through credit, market and operational risk governance rather than through country risk governance. For more information on our non-U.S. credit and trading portfolios, see Non-U.S. Portfolio in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on risks related to our non-U.S. portfolio, see the Geopolitical section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table 35 presents our 20 largest non-U.S. country exposures at June 30, 2024. These exposures accounted for 89 percent of our total non-U.S. exposure at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Net country exposure for these 20 countries increased $10.0 billion in 2024 primarily driven by an increase in the United Kingdom.

Table 35	Top 20 Non-U.S. Countries Exposure
(Dollars in millions)		Funded Loans  and Loan  Equivalents		Unfunded  Loan  Commitments		Net  Counterparty  Exposure		Securities/ Other Investments		Country Exposure at June 30 2024		Hedges and Credit Default Protection		Net Country Exposure at June 30 2024		Increase (Decrease) from December 31 2023
United Kingdom		$	38,443	$	19,266	$	5,098	$	5,820	$	68,627	$	(1,816)	$	66,811	$	10,876
Germany		24,453		9,659		1,245		2,268		37,625		(4,019)		33,606		(2,049)
Canada		13,565		9,944		1,339		3,074		27,922		(453)		27,469		(546)
France		13,946		9,069		1,078		3,159		27,252		(1,671)		25,581		723
Australia		12,059		4,856		439		1,840		19,194		(361)		18,833		(2,489)
Brazil		9,781		1,367		1,055		4,171		16,374		(94)		16,280		997
Japan		8,874		1,985		1,777		4,367		17,003		(735)		16,268		(706)
India		6,334		254		873		5,299		12,760		(55)		12,705		780
Ireland		7,822		2,078		63		473		10,436		(162)		10,274		(59)
Singapore		4,464		526		159		4,905		10,054		(37)		10,017		(800)
China		5,341		285		562		3,637		9,825		(239)		9,586		1,074
Switzerland		4,085		4,865		282		245		9,477		(182)		9,295		66
South Korea		4,727		1,306		590		1,937		8,560		(128)		8,432		(28)
Mexico		5,167		1,735		445		986		8,333		(131)		8,202		(717)
Netherlands		2,995		3,870		691		673		8,229		(1,038)		7,191		42
Italy		4,559		2,319		155		545		7,578		(738)		6,840		225
Spain		2,838		2,023		166		1,044		6,071		(302)		5,769		173
Hong Kong		3,200		550		420		1,111		5,281		(29)		5,252		(600)
Saudi Arabia		3,728		1,454		151		77		5,410		(1,396)		4,014		1,506
Indonesia		741		—		31		3,056		3,828		(38)		3,790		1,555
Total top 20 non-U.S. countries exposure		$	177,122	$	77,411	$	16,619	$	48,687	$	319,839	$	(13,624)	$	306,215	$	10,023

Our largest non-U.S. country exposure at June 30, 2024 was the United Kingdom with net exposure of $66.8 billion, which increased $10.9 billion from December 31, 2023 primarily due to increased deposits with the central bank. Our second largest non-U.S. country exposure was Germany with net exposure of $33.6 billion at June 30, 2024, which decreased $2.0 billion from December 31, 2023 primarily due to lower exposure with financial institutions.

39 Bank of America

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses decreased $209 million from December 31, 2023 to $14.3 billion at June 30, 2024, which included a $33 million and $176 million reserve decrease related to the consumer and commercial portfolios. The reserve

decrease was primarily driven by the commercial portfolio due to an improved macroeconomic outlook.

Table 36 presents an allocation of the allowance for credit losses by product type at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 36	Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses by Product Type
		Amount		Percent of Total		Percent of Loans and Leases Outstanding (1)		Amount		Percent of Total		Percent of Loans and Leases Outstanding (1)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Residential mortgage		$	283	2.14	%	0.12	%	$	339	2.54	%	0.15	%
Home equity		64		0.48		0.25		47		0.35		0.19
Credit card		7,341		55.45		7.38		7,346		55.06		7.19
Direct/Indirect consumer		751		5.67		0.72		715		5.36		0.69
Other consumer		75		0.57		n/m		73		0.55		n/m
Total consumer		8,514		64.31		1.86		8,520		63.86		1.85
U.S. commercial (2)		2,586		19.54		0.66		2,600		19.49		0.69
Non-U.S. commercial		822		6.21		0.67		842		6.31		0.68
Commercial real estate		1,279		9.66		1.82		1,342		10.06		1.84
Commercial lease financing		37		0.28		0.25		38		0.28		0.26
Total commercial		4,724		35.69		0.79		4,822		36.14		0.82
Allowance for loan and lease losses		13,238		100.00	%	1.26		13,342		100.00	%	1.27
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments		1,104						1,209
Allowance for credit losses		$	14,342					$	14,551

(1)Ratios are calculated as allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.

(2)Includes allowance for loan and lease losses for U.S. small business commercial loans of $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

n/m = not meaningful

Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 were $1.5 billion and $3.0 billion compared to $869 million and $1.7 billion for the same periods in 2023 primarily due to credit card loans and the commercial real estate office portfolio. The provision for credit losses increased $383 million to $1.5 billion and $771 million to $2.8 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. The provision for credit losses for the current-year periods was primarily driven by credit card loans and the commercial real estate office portfolio. The provision for credit losses for the consumer portfolio, including unfunded lending commitments, of $1.1 billion and $2.1 billion was largely unchanged for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. The provision for credit

losses for the commercial portfolio, including unfunded lending commitments, increased $255 million to $414 million and $764 million to $774 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023.

Table 37 presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses, including certain loan and allowance ratios for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. For more information on the Corporation’s credit loss accounting policies and activity related to the allowance for credit losses, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Bank of America 40

Table 37	Allowance for Credit Losses
		Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		2024			2023			2024			2023
Allowance for loan and lease losses, December 31		n/a			n/a			$	13,342		$	12,682
January 1, 2023 adoption of credit loss standard		n/a			n/a			n/a			(243)
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period		$	13,213		$	12,514		$	13,342		$	12,439
Loans and leases charged off
Residential mortgage		(5)			(10)			(13)			(18)
Home equity		(3)			(5)			(6)			(11)
Credit card		(1,106)			(756)			(2,151)			(1,406)
Direct/Indirect consumer		(89)			(56)			(191)			(96)
Other consumer		(72)			(112)			(150)			(283)
Total consumer charge-offs		(1,275)			(939)			(2,511)			(1,814)
U.S. commercial (1)		(226)			(106)			(422)			(240)
Non-U.S. commercial		—			(8)			(1)			(31)
Commercial real estate		(278)			(71)			(582)			(95)
Commercial lease financing		—			(1)			(1)			—
Total commercial charge-offs		(504)			(186)			(1,006)			(366)
Total loans and leases charged off		(1,779)			(1,125)			(3,517)			(2,180)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off
Residential mortgage		5			8			10			15
Home equity		17			21			33			39
Credit card		151			146			297			295
Direct/Indirect consumer		38			39			75			78
Other consumer		5			5			9			14
Total consumer recoveries		216			219			424			441
U.S. commercial (2)		21			27			43			48
Non-U.S. commercial		3			8			13			11
Commercial real estate		6			2			6			4
Total commercial recoveries		30			37			62			63
Total recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off		246			256			486			504
Net charge-offs		(1,533)			(869)			(3,031)			(1,676)
Provision for loan and lease losses		1,562			1,309			2,932			2,209
Other		(4)			(4)			(5)			(22)
Allowance for loan and lease losses, June 30		13,238			12,950			13,238			12,950
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period		1,158			1,437			1,209			1,540
Provision for unfunded lending commitments		(54)			(50)			(105)			(153)
Other		—			1			—			1
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, June 30		1,104			1,388			1,104			1,388
Allowance for credit losses, June 30		$	14,342		$	14,338		$	14,342		$	14,338
Loan and allowance ratios (3):
Loans and leases outstanding at June 30		$	1,053,588		$	1,046,897		$	1,053,588		$	1,046,897
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding at June 30		1.26		%	1.24		%	1.26		%	1.24		%
Consumer allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total consumer loans and leases outstanding at June 30		1.86			1.70			1.86			1.70
Commercial allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total commercial loans and leases outstanding at June 30		0.79			0.88			0.79			0.88
Average loans and leases outstanding		$	1,048,300		$	1,041,976		$	1,046,511		$	1,039,172
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding		0.59		%	0.33		%	0.58		%	0.33		%
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases at June 30		242			314			242			314
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at June 30 to annualized net charge-offs		2.15			3.71			2.17			3.83
Amounts included in allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at June 30 (4)		$	8,453		$	5,481		$	8,453		$	5,481
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases, excluding the allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at June 30 (4)		87		%	181		%	87		%	181		%

(1)Includes U.S. small business commercial charge-offs of $130 million and $248 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $84 million and $159 million for the same periods in 2023.

(2)Includes U.S. small business commercial recoveries of $12 million and $22 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $10 million and $19 million for the same periods in 2023.

(3)Ratios are calculated as allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.

(4)Primarily includes amounts related to credit card and unsecured consumer lending portfolios in Consumer Banking.

n/a = not applicable

41 Bank of America

Market Risk Management

For more information on our market risk management process, see Market Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on market risks, see the Market section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Market risk is the risk that changes in market conditions may adversely impact the value of assets or liabilities, or otherwise negatively impact earnings. This risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations, primarily within our Global Markets segment. We are also exposed to these risks in other areas of the Corporation (e.g., our ALM activities). In the event of market stress, these risks could have a material impact on our results.

Trading Risk Management

To evaluate risks in our trading activities, we focus on the actual and potential volatility of revenues generated by individual positions as well as portfolios of positions. VaR is a common statistic used to measure market risk. Our primary VaR statistic is equivalent to a 99 percent confidence level, which means that for a VaR with a one-day holding period, there should not be losses in excess of VaR, on average, 99 out of 100 trading days.

Table 38 presents the total market-based portfolio VaR, which is the combination of the total covered positions (and less liquid trading positions) portfolio and the fair value option portfolio. For more information on the market risk VaR for trading activities, see Trading Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The total market-based portfolio VaR results in Table 38 include market risk to which we are exposed from all business segments, excluding credit valuation adjustment (CVA), DVA and related hedges. The majority of this portfolio is within the Global Markets segment.

Table 38 presents period-end, average, high and low daily trading VaR for the three months ended June 30, 2024, March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023 using a 99 percent confidence level. The amounts disclosed in Table 38 and Table 39 align to the view of covered positions used in the Basel 3 capital calculations. Foreign exchange and commodity positions are always considered covered positions, regardless of trading or banking treatment for the trade, except for structural foreign currency positions that are excluded with prior regulatory approval.

The average of total covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolio VaR increased for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the prior quarter due to an increase in interest rate and debt risk.

Table 38	Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities
		Three Months Ended																								Six Months Ended June 30
		June 30, 2024								March 31, 2024								June 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)		Period End		Average		High (1)		Low (1)		Period End		Average		High (1)		Low (1)		Period End		Average		High (1)		Low (1)		2024 Average		2023 Average
Foreign exchange		$	30	$	32	$	40	$	25	$	34	$	34	$	42	$	27	$	22	$	29	$	42	$	16	$	33	$	31
Interest rate		76		70		91		50		56		63		89		41		42		50		74		36		66		47
Credit		66		54		69		44		48		46		55		42		50		50		54		47		50		67
Equity		19		20		26		14		19		17		25		13		24		24		56		13		18		21
Commodities		10		9		12		8		10		10		12		8		8		9		12		7		10		10
Portfolio diversification		(120)		(104)		n/a		n/a		(97)		(103)		n/a		n/a		(85)		(98)		n/a		n/a		(103)		(110)
Total covered positions portfolio		81		81		99		64		70		67		86		55		61		64		85		53		74		66
Impact from less liquid exposures (2)		2		9		n/a		n/a		6		13		n/a		n/a		8		12		n/a		n/a		11		26
Total covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolio		83		90		110		73		76		80		100		69		69		76		105		63		85		92
Fair value option loans		15		21		45		12		12		14		17		11		19		20		26		15		18		31
Fair value option hedges		8		16		27		8		8		9		12		6		12		16		20		12		12		16
Fair value option portfolio diversification		(10)		(23)		n/a		n/a		(11)		(11)		n/a		n/a		(19)		(24)		n/a		n/a		(17)		(29)
Total fair value option portfolio		13		14		24		10		9		12		16		9		12		12		14		11		13		18
Portfolio diversification		(8)		(8)		n/a		n/a		(5)		(7)		n/a		n/a		(6)		(7)		n/a		n/a		(7)		(8)
Total market-based portfolio		$	88	$	96	117		82		$	80	$	85	106		74		$	75	$	81	113		66		$	91	$	102

(1)The high and low for each portfolio may have occurred on different trading days than the high and low for the components. Therefore the impact from less liquid exposures and the amount of portfolio diversification, which is the difference between the total portfolio and the sum of the individual components, is not relevant.

(2)Impact is net of diversification effects between the covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolios.

n/a = not applicable

Bank of America 42

The following graph presents the daily covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolio VaR for the previous five quarters, corresponding to the data in Table 38.

Additional VaR statistics produced within our single VaR model are provided in Table 39 at the same level of detail as in Table 38. Evaluating VaR with additional statistics allows for an increased understanding of the risks in the portfolio, as the historical market data used in the VaR calculation does not necessarily follow a predefined statistical distribution. Table 39 presents average trading VaR statistics at 99 percent and 95 percent confidence levels for the three months ended June 30, 2024, March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

Table 39	Average Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities – 99 percent and 95 percent VaR Statistics
		Three Months Ended
		June 30, 2024				March 31, 2024				June 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)		99 percent		95 percent		99 percent		95 percent		99 percent		95 percent
Foreign exchange		$	32	$	21	$	34	$	21	$	29	$	19
Interest rate		70		36		63		32		50		27
Credit		54		30		46		26		50		29
Equity		20		10		17		7		24		12
Commodities		9		5		10		6		9		5
Portfolio diversification		(104)		(63)		(103)		(57)		(98)		(56)
Total covered positions portfolio		81		39		67		35		64		36
Impact from less liquid exposures		9		6		13		8		12		7
Total covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolio		90		45		80		43		76		43
Fair value option loans		21		13		14		9		20		13
Fair value option hedges		16		9		9		5		16		10
Fair value option portfolio diversification		(23)		(14)		(11)		(7)		(24)		(15)
Total fair value option portfolio		14		8		12		7		12		8
Portfolio diversification		(8)		(5)		(7)		(4)		(7)		(6)
Total market-based portfolio		$	96	$	48	$	85	$	46	$	81	$	45

Backtesting

The accuracy of the VaR methodology is evaluated by backtesting, which compares the daily VaR results, utilizing a one-day holding period, against a comparable subset of trading revenue. For more information on our backtesting process, see Trading Risk Management – Backtesting in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, there were no days where this subset of trading revenue had losses that exceeded our total covered portfolio VaR, utilizing a one-day holding period.

Total Trading-related Revenue

Total trading-related revenue, excluding brokerage fees, and CVA, DVA and funding valuation adjustment gains (losses), represents the total amount earned from trading positions,

including market-based net interest income, which are taken in a diverse range of financial instruments and markets. For more information, see Trading Risk Management – Total Trading-related Revenue in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following histogram is a graphic depiction of trading volatility and illustrates the daily level of trading-related revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 100 percent of the trading days, of which 95 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million. This compares to the three months ended March 31, 2024 where positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 100 percent of the trading days, of which 97 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million.

43 Bank of America

Trading Portfolio Stress Testing

Because the very nature of a VaR model suggests results can exceed our estimates and it is dependent on a limited historical window, we also stress test our portfolio using scenario analysis. This analysis estimates the change in the value of our trading portfolio that may result from abnormal market movements. For more information, see Trading Risk Management – Trading Portfolio Stress Testing in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book

The following discussion presents net interest income for banking book activities. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table 40 presents the spot and 12-month forward rates used in our baseline forecasts at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Table 40	Forward Rates
		Federal Funds		SOFR		10-Year SOFR
		June 30, 2024
Spot rates		5.50	%	5.33	%	3.98	%
12-month forward rates		4.50		4.42		3.79
		December 31, 2023
Spot rates		5.50	%	5.38	%	3.47	%
12-month forward rates		3.89		3.93		3.32

Table 41 shows the potential pretax impact to net interest income over the next 12 months from June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 resulting from instantaneous parallel and non-parallel shocks to the market-based forward curve. Periodically, we evaluate the scenarios presented so that they are meaningful in the context of the current rate environment.

Table 41	Estimated Banking Book Net Interest Income Sensitivity to Curve Changes
		Short Rate (bps)	Long Rate (bps)	Dynamic Deposits (1)		Static Deposits (1)		Static Deposits (1)
(Dollars in billions)				June 30 2024		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Parallel Shifts
+100 bps instantaneous shift		+100	+100	$	1.7	$	3.3	$	3.5
-100 bps instantaneous shift		-100	-100	(2.2)		(3.3)		(3.1)
+200 bps instantaneous shift		+200	+200	2.7		5.9		n/a
-200 bps instantaneous shift		-200	-200	(5.1)		(6.7)		n/a
Flatteners
Short-end instantaneous change		+100	—	1.8		3.2		3.2
Long-end instantaneous change		—	-100	0.1		(0.2)		(0.3)
Steepeners
Short-end instantaneous change		-100	—	(2.1)		(3.0)		(2.8)
Long-end instantaneous change		—	+100	(0.1)		0.2		0.3

(1)Dynamic Deposit sensitivity reflects behavioral customer deposit balance changes that could occur under various scenarios while Static Deposits assumes no deposit balance change.

n/a = not applicable

Bank of America 44

We continue to be asset sensitive to a parallel upward move in interest rates, with the majority of that impact coming from the short end of the yield curve. Additionally, higher interest rates negatively impact the fair value of our debt securities classified as available for sale and adversely affect accumulated OCI and thus capital levels under the Basel 3 capital rules. Under instantaneous upward parallel shifts, the near-term adverse impact to Basel 3 capital would be reduced over time by offsetting positive impacts to net interest income generated from banking book activities. For more information on Basel 3, see Capital Management – Regulatory Capital on page 21.

As part of our ALM activities, we use securities, certain residential mortgages, and interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives in managing interest rate sensitivity. The sensitivity analysis in Table 41 assumes that we take no action in response to these rate shocks and does not assume any change in other macroeconomic variables normally correlated with changes in interest rates. Beginning in the second quarter of 2024, the sensitivity analysis incorporates potential movements in customer behavior that could result in changes in both total customer deposit balances and deposit balance mix, (e.g., interest bearing versus noninterest bearing), under the various interest rate scenarios. In higher rate scenarios, the analysis assumes that a portion of low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits are replaced with higher yielding deposits or market-based funding. Conversely, in lower rate scenarios, the analysis assumes that a portion of higher yielding deposits or market-based funding are replaced with low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits.

For larger interest rate scenarios, the interest rate sensitivity may behave in a non-linear manner as there are numerous estimates and assumptions, which require a high degree of judgment and are often interrelated, that could impact the outcome. Pertaining to the mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage portfolio, if long-end interest rates were to significantly decrease over the next twelve months, for example over 200 bps, there would generally be an increase in customer prepayment behaviors with an incremental reduction to net interest income, noting that the extent of changes in customer prepayment activity can be impacted by multiple factors and is not necessarily limited to long-end interest rates. Conversely, if long-end interest rates were to significantly increase over the next twelve months, for example, over 200 bps, customer prepayments would likely modestly decrease and result in an incremental increase to net interest income. In addition, deposit pricing is rate sensitive in nature. This sensitivity is assumed to have non-linear impacts to larger short-end rate movements. In decreasing interest rate scenarios, and particularly where interest rates have decreased to small amounts, the ability to further reduce rates paid is reduced as customer rates near zero. In higher short-end rate scenarios, deposit pricing will likely increase at a faster rate, leading to incremental interest expense and reducing asset sensitivity. While the impact related to the above assumptions used in the asset sensitivity analysis can provide directional analysis on how net interest income will be impacted in changing environments, the ultimate impact is dependent upon the interrelationship of the assumptions and factors, which vary in different macroeconomic scenarios.

Economic Value of Equity

In addition to interest rate sensitivity described above, the Corporation’s management of its interest rate exposures in the banking book also considers a long-term view of interest rate sensitivity through the measurement of Economic Value of Equity (EVE). EVE captures changes in the net present value of banking book assets and liabilities under various interest rate scenarios and its impact to Tier 1 capital. Similar to net interest income, the Corporation establishes limits for EVE. EVE is largely driven by the Corporation’s longer duration fixed-rate products, such as investment securities, residential mortgages and deposits. For assets or liabilities that have no stated maturity, such as deposits, the Corporation estimates the duration for measurement purposes.

Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts

We use interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts in our ALM activities to manage our interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Specifically, we use those derivatives to manage both the variability in cash flows and changes in fair value of various assets and liabilities arising from those risks. Our interest rate derivative contracts are generally non-leveraged swaps tied to various benchmark interest rates and foreign exchange basis swaps, options, futures and forwards, and our foreign exchange contracts include cross-currency interest rate swaps, foreign currency futures contracts, foreign currency forward contracts and options.

The derivatives used in our ALM activities can be split into two broad categories: designated accounting hedges and other risk management derivatives. Designated accounting hedges are primarily used to manage our exposure to interest rates as described in the Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book section and are included in the sensitivities presented in Table 41. The Corporation also uses foreign currency derivatives in accounting hedges to manage substantially all of the foreign exchange risk of our foreign operations. By hedging the foreign exchange risk of our foreign operations, the Corporation's market risk exposure in this area is not significant.

Risk management derivatives are predominantly used to hedge foreign exchange risks related to various foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities and eliminate substantially all foreign currency exposures in the cash flows of the Corporation’s non-trading foreign currency-denominated financial instruments. These foreign exchange derivatives are sensitive to other market risk exposures such as cross-currency basis spreads and interest rate risk. However, as these features are not a significant component of these foreign exchange derivatives, the market risk related to this exposure is not significant. For more information on the accounting for derivatives, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

45 Bank of America

Mortgage Banking Risk Management

We originate, fund and service mortgage loans, which subject us to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks, among others. We determine whether loans will be held for investment or held for sale at the time of commitment and manage credit and liquidity risks by selling or securitizing a portion of the loans we originate.

Changes in interest rates impact the value of interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) and the related residential first mortgage loans held-for-sale (LHFS), as well as the value of the MSRs. Because the interest rate risks of these hedged items offset, we combine them into one overall hedged item with one combined economic hedge portfolio consisting of derivative contracts and securities. For more information on IRLCs and the related residential mortgage LHFS, see Mortgage Banking Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

There were no significant gains or losses related to the change in fair value of MSRs, IRLCs and LHFS, net of gains and losses on the hedge portfolio, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. For more information on MSRs, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Climate Risk

Climate Risk Management

Climate risk is the risk that climate change or actions taken to mitigate climate change expose the Corporation to economic, legal/regulatory, operational or reputational harm. Climate-related risks are divided into two major categories, both of which span across the seven key risk types discussed in the Managing Risk section in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K: (1) Physical Risk: risks related to the physical impacts of climate change, driven by extreme weather events such as hurricanes and floods, as well as chronic longer-term shifts such as rising average global temperatures and sea levels, and (2) Transition Risk: risks related to the transition to a low-carbon economy, which may entail extensive policy, legal, technology and market changes.

Physical risks of climate change, such as more frequent and severe extreme weather events, can increase the Corporation’s risks, including credit risk by diminishing borrowers’ repayment capacity or collateral values, and operational risk by negatively impacting the Corporation’s facilities, employees, or vendors. Transition risks of climate change may amplify credit risks through the financial impacts of changes in policy, technology or the market on the Corporation or our counterparties. Unanticipated market changes can lead to sudden price adjustments and give rise to heightened market risk.

Reputational risk can arise if we do not meet our climate-related goals and/or targets, or are perceived to be inadequately responsive to climate change or otherwise.

Our approach to managing climate risk is consistent with our risk management governance structure, from senior management to our Board and its committees, including the Enterprise Risk Committee (ERC) and the Corporate Governance, ESG and Sustainability Committee (CGESC) of the Board, which regularly discuss climate-related topics. The ERC oversees climate risk as set forth in our Risk Framework and Risk Appetite Statement. The CGESC is responsible for overseeing the Corporation’s environmental and sustainability-related activities and practices, and regularly reviews the Corporation’s climate-related policies and practices. Our Climate Risk Council consists of leaders across risk, Front Line Unit and control functions, and meets routinely to discuss our approach to managing climate-related risks.

Our climate risk management efforts are overseen by an officer who reports to the Chief Risk Officer. The Corporation has a Climate and Environmental Risk Management function that is responsible for overseeing climate risk management. They are responsible for establishing the Climate Risk Framework (described below) and governance structure, and providing an independent assessment of enterprise-wide climate risks.

Based on the Corporation’s Risk Framework, in 2023 we created our internal Climate Risk Framework, which addresses how the Corporation identifies, measures, monitors and controls climate risk by enhancing existing risk management processes and also includes examples of how climate risk manifests across the seven risk types. The framework details the roles and responsibilities for climate risk management across our three lines of defense (i.e., Front Line Units, Global Risk Management and Corporate Audit).

For more information on our governance framework, see the Managing Risk section in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on climate risk, see Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Climate-related Goals and Targets

In 2021, the Corporation announced a goal of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions before 2050 in our financing activities, operations and supply chain (Net Zero goal). As part of this goal, we have set interim 2030 targets across our financing activities related to certain high-emitting sectors (2030 Financing Activity Emissions Targets), operations and supply chain, all of which are further supported and complemented by our 10-year goal to mobilize and deploy $1.5 trillion in sustainable finance by 2030 in support of the U.N.

Bank of America 46

Sustainable Development Goals, of which $1 trillion is dedicated to supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy, including capital mobilized across clean energy sectors and tailored financial solutions for emerging areas of the low-carbon economy. In particular, we have announced 2030 Financing Activity Emissions Targets for auto manufacturing, aviation, cement, energy, iron and steel, maritime shipping and power generation sectors.

Achieving our climate--related goals and targets, including our Net Zero goal and 2030 Financing Activity Emissions Targets, may require technological advances, clearly defined roadmaps for industry sectors and better emissions data reporting. Required changes may also include new standards and public policies, including those that improve the cost of capital for the transition to a low-carbon economy, as well as strong and active engagement with customers, suppliers, investors, government officials and other stakeholders. Activities related to our climate-related goals and targets have not resulted in a significant effect on our results of operations or financial position in the relevant periods presented herein.

For more information on climate-related matters and the Corporation’s climate-related goals and targets, including the Corporation’s plans to achieve its Net Zero goal and its 2030 targets, and progress on its sustainable finance goal, see the Corporation’s website, including its 2023 Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) Report (2023 TCFD Report) and Addendum to the 2023 TCFD Report (2023 TCFD Addendum). The contents of the Corporation’s website, including the 2023 TCFD Report and 2023 TCFD Addendum are not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The foregoing discussion and the statements on the Corporation’s website, including in the 2023 TCFD Report and 2023 TCFD Addendum, regarding the Corporation’s climate-related goals and targets, its approach with respect to climate risk management, and the nature and extent of climate-related risks, contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and are often beyond the Corporation’s control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any of these forward-looking statements.

Complex Accounting Estimates

Our significant accounting principles, are essential in understanding the MD&A. Many of our significant accounting principles require complex judgments to estimate the values of assets and liabilities. We have procedures and processes in place to facilitate making these judgments. For more information, see Complex Accounting Estimates in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The nature of and accounting for goodwill and intangible assets are discussed in Note 7 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein and Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of June 30, 2024, goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheet was as follows.

Table 42	Goodwill by Reporting Segment
(Dollars in millions)		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
Consumer Banking		$	30,137	$	30,137
Global Wealth and Investment Management		9,677		9,677
Global Banking		24,026		24,026
Global Markets		5,181		5,181
Total		$	69,021	$	69,021

We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of June 30, 2024 by using a qualitative assessment. Factors considered in the qualitative assessment include, among others, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, financial performance of the respective reporting unit and other relevant entity and reporting-unit specific considerations. Based on our assessment, we have concluded that none of our reporting units are at risk of impairment, as each of the reporting units’ fair values are substantially in excess of their carrying values.

47 Bank of America

Non-GAAP Reconciliations

Table 43 provides reconciliations of certain non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

Table 43	Average and Period-end Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures (1)
		2024 Quarters				2023 Quarters						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)		Second		First		Fourth		Third		Second		2024		2023
Reconciliation of average shareholders’ equity to average tangible shareholders’ equity and average tangible common shareholders’ equity
Shareholders’ equity		$	293,403	$	292,511	$	288,618	$	284,975	$	282,425	$	292,957	$	279,853
Goodwill		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,022)		(69,021)		(69,022)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)		(1,971)		(1,990)		(2,010)		(2,029)		(2,049)		(1,980)		(2,058)
Related deferred tax liabilities		869		874		886		890		895		871		897
Tangible shareholders’ equity		$	223,280	$	222,374	$	218,473	$	214,815	$	212,249	$	222,827	$	209,670
Preferred stock		(28,113)		(28,397)		(28,397)		(28,397)		(28,397)		(28,255)		(28,397)
Tangible common shareholders’ equity		$	195,167	$	193,977	$	190,076	$	186,418	$	183,852	$	194,572	$	181,273
Reconciliation of period-end shareholders’ equity to period-end tangible shareholders’ equity and period-end tangible common shareholders’ equity
Shareholders’ equity		$	293,892	$	293,552	$	291,646	$	287,064	$	283,319
Goodwill		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,021)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)		(1,958)		(1,977)		(1,997)		(2,016)		(2,036)
Related deferred tax liabilities		864		869		874		886		890
Tangible shareholders’ equity		$	223,777	$	223,423	$	221,502	$	216,913	$	213,152
Preferred stock		(26,548)		(28,397)		(28,397)		(28,397)		(28,397)
Tangible common shareholders’ equity		$	197,229	$	195,026	$	193,105	$	188,516	$	184,755
Reconciliation of period-end assets to period-end tangible assets
Assets		$	3,257,996	$	3,273,803	$	3,180,151	$	3,153,090	$	3,123,198
Goodwill		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,021)		(69,021)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)		(1,958)		(1,977)		(1,997)		(2,016)		(2,036)
Related deferred tax liabilities		864		869		874		886		890
Tangible assets		$	3,187,881	$	3,203,674	$	3,110,007	$	3,082,939	$	3,053,031

(1)For more information on non-GAAP financial measures and ratios we use in assessing the results of the Corporation, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 6.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

See Market Risk Management on page 42 in the MD&A and the sections referenced therein for Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness and design of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended June 30, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

Bank of America 48

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statement of Income
	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(In millions, except per share information)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net interest income
Interest income	$	36,854	$	32,354	$	73,139	$	61,009
Interest expense	23,152		18,196		45,405		32,403
Net interest income	13,702		14,158		27,734		28,606
Noninterest income
Fees and commissions	8,969		7,961		17,629		15,855
Market making and similar activities	3,298		3,697		7,186		8,409
Other income (loss)	(592)		(619)		(1,354)		(1,415)
Total noninterest income	11,675		11,039		23,461		22,849
Total revenue, net of interest expense	25,377		25,197		51,195		51,455
Provision for credit losses	1,508		1,125		2,827		2,056
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits	9,826		9,401		20,021		19,319
Occupancy and equipment	1,818		1,776		3,629		3,575
Information processing and communications	1,763		1,644		3,563		3,341
Product delivery and transaction related	891		956		1,742		1,846
Professional fees	654		527		1,202		1,064
Marketing	487		513		942		971
Other general operating	870		1,221		2,447		2,160
Total noninterest expense	16,309		16,038		33,546		32,276
Income before income taxes	7,560		8,034		14,822		17,123
Income tax expense	663		626		1,251		1,554
Net income	$	6,897	$	7,408	$	13,571	$	15,569
Preferred stock dividends	315		306		847		811
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	6,582	$	7,102	$	12,724	$	14,758
Per common share information
Earnings	$	0.83	$	0.88	$	1.60	$	1.83
Diluted earnings	0.83		0.88		1.59		1.82
Average common shares issued and outstanding	7,897.9		8,040.9		7,933.3		8,053.5
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding	7,960.9		8,080.7		7,996.2		8,162.6

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income	$	6,897	$	7,408	$	13,571	$	15,569
Other comprehensive income (loss), net-of-tax:
Net change in debt securities	(305)		168		27		723
Net change in debit valuation adjustments	53		(404)		(135)		(394)
Net change in derivatives	686		(1,993)		270		49
Employee benefit plan adjustments	25		9		48		19
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments	(31)		5		(51)		17
Other comprehensive income (loss)	428		(2,215)		159		414
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	7,325	$	5,193	$	13,730	$	15,983

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

49 Bank of America

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheet
		June 30 2024		December 31 2023
(Dollars in millions)
Assets
Cash and due from banks		$	25,849	$	27,892
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks		294,783		305,181
Cash and cash equivalents		320,632		333,073
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments		8,369		8,346
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell    (includes $167,835 and $133,053 measured at fair value)		337,752		280,624
Trading account assets (includes $151,737 and $130,815 pledged as collateral)		306,466		277,354
Derivative assets		35,956		39,323
Debt securities:
Carried at fair value		301,051		276,852
Held-to-maturity, at cost (fair value $466,636 and $496,597)		577,366		594,555
Total debt securities		878,417		871,407
Loans and leases (includes $3,197 and $3,569 measured at fair value)		1,056,785		1,053,732
Allowance for loan and lease losses		(13,238)		(13,342)
Loans and leases, net of allowance		1,043,547		1,040,390
Premises and equipment, net		11,917		11,855
Goodwill		69,021		69,021
Loans held-for-sale (includes $1,572 and $2,059 measured at fair value)		7,043		6,002
Customer and other receivables		80,978		81,881
Other assets (includes $15,314 and $11,861 measured at fair value)		157,898		160,875
Total assets		$	3,257,996	$	3,180,151
Liabilities
Deposits in U.S. offices:
Noninterest-bearing		$	503,037	$	530,619
Interest-bearing (includes $370 and $284 measured at fair value)		1,291,853		1,273,904
Deposits in non-U.S. offices:
Noninterest-bearing		14,573		16,427
Interest-bearing		101,028		102,877
Total deposits		1,910,491		1,923,827
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase    (includes $214,719 and $178,609 measured at fair value)		368,106		283,887
Trading account liabilities		100,345		95,530
Derivative liabilities		40,508		43,432
Short-term borrowings (includes $7,200 and $4,690 measured at fair value)		40,429		32,098
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $15,064 and $11,473 measured at fair value    and $1,104 and $1,209 of reserve for unfunded lending commitments)		213,751		207,527
Long-term debt (includes $46,875 and $42,809 measured at fair value)		290,474		302,204
Total liabilities		2,964,104		2,888,505
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities    and Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized – 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 4,013,928 and 4,088,099 Shares		26,548		28,397
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.01 par value; authorized – 12,800,000,000 shares;    issued and outstanding – 7,774,753,442 and 7,895,457,665 shares		51,376		56,365
Retained earnings		233,597		224,672
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(17,629)		(17,788)
Total shareholders’ equity		293,892		291,646
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	3,257,996	$	3,180,151
	Assets of consolidated variable interest entities included in total assets above (isolated to settle the liabilities of the variable interest entities)
	Trading account assets	$	5,647	$	6,054
	Loans and leases	19,827		18,276
	Allowance for loan and lease losses	(917)		(826)
	Loans and leases, net of allowance	18,910		17,450
	All other assets	281		269
	Total assets of consolidated variable interest entities	$	24,838	$	23,773
	Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities included in total liabilities above
	Short-term borrowings (includes $0 and $23 of non-recourse short-term borrowings)	$	3,343	$	2,957
	Long-term debt (includes $9,137 and $8,456 of non-recourse debt)	9,137		8,456
	All other liabilities (includes $22 and $19 of non-recourse liabilities)	22		19
	Total liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities	$	12,502	$	11,432

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Bank of America 50

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
	Preferred Stock		Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
(In millions)			Shares	Amount
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	28,397	7,866.9	$	54,310	$	228,902	$	(18,057)	$	293,552
Net income						6,897				6,897
Net change in debt securities								(305)		(305)
Net change in debit valuation adjustments								53		53
Net change in derivatives								686		686
Employee benefit plan adjustments								25		25
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments								(31)		(31)
Dividends declared:
Common						(1,887)				(1,887)
Preferred						(310)				(310)
Redemption of preferred stock	(1,849)					(5)				(1,854)
Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other			0.4	601						601
Common stock repurchased			(92.5)	(3,535)						(3,535)
Balance, June 30, 2024	$	26,548	7,774.8	$	51,376	$	233,597	$	(17,629)	$	293,892
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	28,397	7,895.5	$	56,365	$	224,672	$	(17,788)	$	291,646
Net income						13,571				13,571
Net change in debt securities								27		27
Net change in debit valuation adjustments								(135)		(135)
Net change in derivatives								270		270
Employee benefit plan adjustments								48		48
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments								(51)		(51)
Dividends declared:
Common						(3,797)				(3,797)
Preferred						(842)				(842)
Redemption of preferred stock	(1,849)					(5)				(1,854)
Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other			44.4	1,046		(2)				1,044
Common stock repurchased			(165.1)	(6,035)						(6,035)
Balance, June 30, 2024	$	26,548	7,774.8	$	51,376	$	233,597	$	(17,629)	$	293,892
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	28,397	7,972.4	$	57,264	$	213,062	$	(18,527)	$	280,196
Net income						7,408				7,408
Net change in debt securities								168		168
Net change in debit valuation adjustments								(404)		(404)
Net change in derivatives								(1,993)		(1,993)
Employee benefit plan adjustments								9		9
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments								5		5
Dividends declared:
Common						(1,767)				(1,767)
Preferred						(306)				(306)
Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other			0.4	553						553
Common stock repurchased			(19.2)	(550)						(550)
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	28,397	7,953.6	$	57,267	$	218,397	$	(20,742)	$	283,319
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	28,397	7,996.8	$	58,953	$	207,003	$	(21,156)	$	273,197
Cumulative adjustment for adoption of credit loss accounting    standard						184				184
Net income						15,569				15,569
Net change in debt securities								723		723
Net change in debit valuation adjustments								(394)		(394)
Net change in derivatives								49		49
Employee benefit plan adjustments								19		19
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments								17		17
Dividends declared:
Common						(3,541)				(3,541)
Preferred						(811)				(811)
Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other			42.8	1,079		(7)				1,072
Common stock repurchased			(86.0)	(2,765)						(2,765)
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	28,397	7,953.6	$	57,267	$	218,397	$	(20,742)	$	283,319

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

51 Bank of America

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
	Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023
Operating activities
Net income	$	13,571	$	15,569
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	2,827		2,056
(Gains) losses on sales of debt securities	(14)		404
Depreciation and amortization	1,081		1,013
Net (accretion) amortization of discount/premium on debt securities	(394)		64
Deferred income taxes	(883)		(612)
Stock-based compensation	1,710		1,626
Loans held-for-sale:
Originations and purchases	(16,956)		(7,345)
Proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as held for sale and instruments from related securitization activities	15,663		7,349
Net change in:
Trading and derivative assets/liabilities	(25,246)		1,289
Other assets	1,335		(6,618)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	6,183		(18,449)
Other operating activities, net	3,680		4,140
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,557		486
Investing activities
Net change in:
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments	(23)		(722)
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell	(54,628)		(8,707)
Debt securities carried at fair value:
Proceeds from sales	24,454		93,947
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities	188,518		35,177
Purchases	(239,755)		(39,260)
Held-to-maturity debt securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities	16,568		18,078
Purchases	—		(77)
Loans and leases:
Proceeds from sales of loans originally classified as held for investment and instruments from related securitization activities	4,199		5,129
Purchases	(2,736)		(2,590)
Other changes in loans and leases, net	(7,610)		(9,731)
Other investing activities, net	(1,832)		(2,514)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(72,845)		88,730
Financing activities
Net change in:
Deposits	(13,336)		(53,132)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase	84,219		92,992
Short-term borrowings	8,331		14,085
Long-term debt:
Proceeds from issuance	30,373		30,709
Retirement	(36,142)		(22,268)
Preferred stock redemption	(1,854)		—
Common stock repurchased	(6,035)		(2,765)
Cash dividends paid	(4,735)		(4,443)
Other financing activities, net	(463)		(752)
Net cash provided by financing activities	60,358		54,426
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(2,511)		(292)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(12,441)		143,350
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1	333,073		230,203
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30	$	320,632	$	373,553

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Bank of America 52

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Principles

Bank of America Corporation, a bank holding company and a financial holding company, provides a diverse range of financial services and products throughout the U.S. and in certain international markets. The term “the Corporation” as used herein may refer to Bank of America Corporation, individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities (VIEs) where the Corporation is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Results of operations of acquired companies are included from the dates of acquisition, and for VIEs, from the dates that the Corporation became the primary beneficiary. Assets held in an agency or fiduciary capacity are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Corporation accounts for investments in companies for which it owns a voting interest and for which it has the ability to exercise

significant influence over operating and financing decisions using the equity method of accounting. These investments, which include the Corporation’s interests in affordable housing and renewable energy partnerships, are recorded in other assets. Equity method investments are subject to impairment testing, and the Corporation’s proportionate share of income or loss is included in other income.

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates and assumptions.

These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The nature of the Corporation’s business is such that the results of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim period results, have been made. The Corporation evaluates subsequent events through the date of filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

53 Bank of America

NOTE 2 Net Interest Income and Noninterest Income

The table below presents the Corporation’s net interest income and noninterest income disaggregated by revenue source for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. For more information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a disaggregation of noninterest income by business segment and All Other, see Note 17 – Business Segment Information.

	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net interest income
Interest income
Loans and leases	$	15,338	$	13,970	$	30,578	$	27,067
Debt securities	6,325		4,691		12,462		10,151
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell	5,159		4,955		10,334		8,667
Trading account assets	2,516		2,076		4,971		4,104
Other interest income (1)	7,516		6,662		14,794		11,020
Total interest income	36,854		32,354		73,139		61,009
Interest expense
Deposits	9,655		5,785		18,793		10,099
Short-term borrowings	9,070		8,355		17,605		14,535
Trading account liabilities	540		472		1,086		976
Long-term debt	3,887		3,584		7,921		6,793
Total interest expense	23,152		18,196		45,405		32,403
Net interest income	$	13,702	$	14,158	$	27,734	$	28,606
Noninterest income
Fees and commissions
Card income
Interchange fees (2)	$	1,023	$	1,023	$	1,954	$	1,979
Other card income	558		523		1,090		1,036
Total card income	1,581		1,546		3,044		3,015
Service charges
Deposit-related fees	1,172		1,045		2,294		2,142
Lending-related fees	335		319		655		632
Total service charges	1,507		1,364		2,949		2,774
Investment and brokerage services
Asset management fees	3,370		2,969		6,640		5,887
Brokerage fees	950		870		1,867		1,804
Total investment and brokerage services	4,320		3,839		8,507		7,691
Investment banking fees
Underwriting income	869		657