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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments

The majority of the Company’s derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments.

The Company uses exchange-traded and OTC commodity instruments to manage its net position of merchandisable agricultural product inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations in agricultural commodities and foreign currencies. 

The Company also uses exchange-traded and OTC commodity instruments as components of merchandising strategies designed to enhance margins. The results of these strategies can be significantly impacted by factors such as the correlation between the value of exchange-traded commodities futures and the value of the underlying commodities, counterparty contract defaults, and volatility of freight markets.

The Company recognizes changes in market value of inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural commodities, inventory-related payables, forward cash purchase and sales contracts, and exchange-traded and OTC instruments in earnings immediately as a component of Cost of products sold.
Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Derivatives, including exchange-traded contracts and forward commodity purchase or sale contracts, and inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural products, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at fair value. Inventory is not a derivative and therefore fair values of and changes in fair values of inventories are not included in the tables below.

The following table sets forth the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions).
 June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
 AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Foreign Currency Contracts$181 $158 $272 $102 
Commodity Contracts1,010 708 828 760 
Total$1,191 $866 $1,100 $862 

Changes in the fair value of foreign currency-related derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings as a component of Revenues, Cost of products sold, and Other (income) - net, depending on the purpose of the contract.

Changes in the fair value of commodity contracts are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings as a component of Cost of products sold.

The following table sets forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in millions).

 Cost ofOther
products(income) -
RevenuessoldnetTotal
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Pre-tax gains (losses) on:
Foreign Currency Contracts$(22)$81 $(90)
Commodity Contracts— 327 — 
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings$(22)$408 $(90)$296 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Pre-tax gains (losses) on:
Foreign Currency Contracts$18 $(155)$8 
Commodity Contracts— (22)— 
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings$18 $(177)$8 $(151)
 Cost ofOther
products(income) -
RevenuessoldnetTotal
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Pre-tax gains (losses) on:
Foreign Currency Contracts$(46)$231 $(158)
Commodity Contracts— 440 — 
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings$(46)$671 $(158)$467 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Pre-tax gains (losses) on:
Foreign Currency Contracts$19 $(218)$62 
Commodity Contracts— 175 — 
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings$19 $(43)$62 $38 

Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments

The Company had certain derivatives designated as cash flow, fair value, and net investment hedges as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Cash Flow Hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flow that is attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of AOCI and as an operating activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and is reclassified into earnings in the same line item affected by the hedged transaction in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, if any, and gains and losses related to discontinued hedges are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the relevant period.

For each of the hedge programs described below, the derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges. The changes in the market value of such derivative contracts have historically been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in price movements of the hedged item. Once the hedged item is recognized in earnings, the gains and losses arising from the hedge are reclassified from AOCI to either Revenues or Cost of products sold, as applicable.

The Company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts to hedge the purchase price of anticipated volumes of corn to be purchased and processed in a future month. The objective of this hedging program is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s forecasted purchases of corn. The Company’s corn processing plants normally grind approximately 59 million bushels of corn per month. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 13% and 31% of its monthly grind. At June 30, 2025, the Company had designated hedges representing between 1% and 21% of its anticipated monthly grind of corn for the next 12 months.

The Company uses exchange-traded futures and options contracts to hedge the purchase price of the anticipated volumes of soybeans to be purchased and processed in a future month for certain of its U.S. soybean crush facilities, subject to certain program limits. The Company also uses futures and options contracts to hedge the sales prices of anticipated soybean meal and soybean oil sales proportionate to the soybean crushing process at these facilities, subject to certain program limits. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 76% and 100% of the anticipated monthly soybean crush for soybean purchases and soybean meal and oil sales at the designated facilities. At June 30, 2025, the Company had designated hedges representing between 0% and 100% of the anticipated monthly soybean crush for soybean purchases and soybean meal and oil sales at the designated facilities over the next 12 months.
The Company uses exchange-traded futures and OTC swaps to hedge the purchase price of anticipated volumes of natural gas consumption in a future month for certain of its facilities in North America and Europe, subject to certain program limits. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 42% and 62% of the anticipated monthly natural gas consumption at the designated facilities. At June 30, 2025, the Company had designated hedges representing between 6% and 60% of the anticipated monthly natural gas consumption over the next 12 months.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had after-tax losses of $29 million and $13 million, respectively, in AOCI related to these programs. The Company expects to recognize $29 million of the June 30, 2025 after-tax losses in its Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the next 12 months.

Fair Value Hedges

The Company uses interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to protect the fair value of fixed-rate debt due to changes in interest rates. The changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps and the underlying fixed-rate debt is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the current period. The terms of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the underlying debt.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had pre-tax gains of $19 million and $5 million, respectively, in Other current assets related to interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $500 million. A corresponding offset to the underlying debt is recorded for the same amount, with no net impact to earnings.

Net Investment Hedges

The Company uses cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange forwards designated as net investment hedges to protect the Company’s investment in foreign subsidiaries against changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

The Company executed USD-fixed to Euro-fixed cross-currency swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $447 million and $394 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and foreign exchange forwards with an aggregate notional amount of $2.6 billion and $2.1 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2025 the Company had after-tax losses of $180 million in AOCI related to foreign exchange gains and losses from net investment hedge transactions. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had after-tax gains of $99 million in AOCI related to foreign exchange gains and losses from net investment hedge transactions. The amount is deferred in AOCI until the underlying investment is divested.

The Company has designated its €650 million outstanding long-term debt at each of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 as hedges of its net investment in a foreign subsidiary. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had after-tax gains of $175 million and $251 million in AOCI, respectively, related to foreign exchange gains and losses from the net investment hedge transactions. The amount is deferred in AOCI until the underlying investment is divested.

Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

The following table sets forth the fair value of derivatives designated as hedging instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions).

 June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
 AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Commodity Contracts$— $— $3 $— 
Foreign Currency Contracts— 254 — 110 
Interest Rate Contracts19 — 5 — 
Total$19 $254 $8 $110 
The following table sets forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedging instruments that have been recognized in Cost of products sold in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in millions).

Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2025202420252024
Pre-tax gains on:
Commodity Contracts$(11)$(23)$6 $(4)