The majority of the Company’s derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments. The Company uses exchange-traded commodity futures and OTC option contracts to manage its net position of merchandisable agricultural product inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations in agricultural commodities and foreign currencies. The Company also uses exchange-traded futures and options and OTC swaps and options as components of merchandising strategies designed to enhance margins. The results of these strategies can be significantly impacted by factors such as the correlation between the value of exchange-traded commodities futures contracts and the value of the underlying commodities, counterparty contract defaults, and volatility of freight markets.

Derivatives, including exchange-traded contracts and forward commodity purchase or sale contracts, and inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural products, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at fair value. Inventory is not a derivative and therefore fair values of and changes in fair values of inventories are not included in the tables below.


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities


Foreign Currency Contracts	$	166	$	186	$	187	$	122

Commodity Contracts	959		926		1,343		957

Total	$	1,125	$	1,112	$	1,530	$	1,079

The following tables set forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in millions).


			Cost of		Other (income) expense - net		Interest
	Revenues		products sold				expense		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024


Pre-tax gains (losses) on:





Foreign Currency Contracts	$	(7)	$	20	$	(63)	$	—
Commodity Contracts	—		(17)		—		—

Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$	(7)	$	3	$	(63)	$	—	$	(67)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023


Pre-tax gains (losses) on:
Foreign Currency Contracts	$	1	$	(38)	$	96	$	—
Commodity Contracts	—		168		—		—

Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$	1	$	130	$	96	$	—	$	227


			Cost of		Other (income) expense - net		Interest
	Revenues		products sold				expense		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024


Pre-tax gains (losses) on:
Foreign Currency Contracts	$	11	$	(197)	$	(2)	$	—
Commodity Contracts	—		158		—		—

Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$	11	$	(39)	$	(2)	$	—	$	(30)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023


Pre-tax gains (losses) on:
Foreign Currency Contracts	$	(25)	$	210	$	123	$	—
Commodity Contracts	—		643		—		—
Debt Conversion Option	—		—		—		6
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings	$	(25)	$	853	$	123	$	6	$	957

Changes in the market value of inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural commodities, inventory-related payables, forward cash purchase and sales contracts, exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts are recognized in earnings immediately as a component of cost of products sold.

Changes in the fair value of foreign currency-related derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings as a component of revenues, cost of products sold, and other (income) expense - net depending on the purpose of the contract.

The Company had certain derivatives designated as cash flow and net investment hedges as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. In addition, the Company had certain derivatives designated as fair value hedges as of September 30, 2024.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flow that is attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of AOCI and as an operating activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and is reclassified into earnings in the same line item affected by the hedged transaction in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and gains and losses related to discontinued hedges are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the current period.

For each of the hedge programs described below, the derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges. The changes in the market value of such derivative contracts have historically been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in price movements of the hedged item. Once the hedged item is recognized in earnings, the gains and losses arising from the hedge are reclassified from AOCI to either revenues or cost of products sold, as applicable.

The Company uses futures and options contracts to hedge the purchase price of anticipated volumes of corn to be purchased and processed in a future month. The objective of this hedging program is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s forecasted purchases of corn. The Company’s corn processing plants normally grind approximately 59 million bushels of corn per month. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 12% and 33% of its monthly grind. At September 30, 2024, the Company had designated hedges representing between 3% and 30% of its anticipated monthly grind of corn for the next 12 months.

The Company uses futures and options contracts to hedge the purchase price of the anticipated volumes of soybeans to be purchased and processed in a future month for certain of its U.S. soybean crush facilities, subject to certain program limits. The Company also uses futures and options contracts to hedge the sales prices of anticipated soybean meal and soybean oil sales proportionate to the soybean crushing process at these facilities, subject to certain program limits. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 76% and 100% of the anticipated monthly soybean crush for soybean purchases and soybean meal and oil sales at the designated facilities. At September 30, 2024, the Company had designated hedges representing between 7% and 100% of the anticipated monthly soybean crush for soybean purchases and soybean meal and oil sales at the designated facilities over the next 12 months.

The Company uses futures and OTC swaps to hedge the purchase price of anticipated volumes of natural gas consumption in a future month for certain of its facilities in North America and Europe, subject to certain program limits. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 39% and 70% of the anticipated monthly natural gas consumption at the designated facilities. At September 30, 2024, the Company had designated hedges representing between 29% and 43% of the anticipated monthly natural gas consumption over the next 12 months.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had after-tax gains of $39 million and $42 million in AOCI, respectively, related to gains and losses from these programs. The Company expects to recognize $39 million of the September 30, 2024 after-tax gains in its Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the next 12 months.

The Company uses interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to protect the fair value of fixed-rate debt due to changes in interest rates. The changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps and the underlying fixed-rate debt is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the current period. The terms of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the underlying debt. The Company executed fixed to floating rate interest swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $500 million as of September 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had pre-tax gains of $28 million in other current assets and a corresponding offset to the underlying debt for the same amount with no net impact to earnings.

The Company uses cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange forwards designated as net investment hedges to protect the Company’s investment in foreign subsidiaries against changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company executed USD-fixed to Euro-fixed cross-currency swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $400 million and $800 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively and foreign exchange forwards with an aggregate notional amount of

$1.9 billion and $2.1 billion as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had after-tax losses of $27 million and $5 million in AOCI, respectively, related to foreign exchange gains and losses from net investment hedge transactions. The amount is deferred in AOCI until the underlying investment is divested.


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities

Commodity Contracts	$	6	$	—	$	16	$	—
Foreign Currency Contracts	—		36		—		22
Interest Rate Contracts	28		—		—		—
Total	$	34	$	36	$	16	$	22

The following tables set forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in millions).

Cost of products sold

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Pre-tax gains (losses) on:

Commodity Contracts

(49)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

Pre-tax gains (losses) on:

Commodity Contracts

(132)

Cost of products sold

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Pre-tax gains (losses) on:

Commodity Contracts

(52)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Pre-tax gains (losses) on:

Commodity Contracts

(277)

The Company has designated $725 million (€650 million) of its outstanding long-term debt and commercial paper borrowings at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 as hedges of its net investment in a foreign subsidiary. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had after-tax gains of $204 million and $212 million in AOCI, respectively, related to foreign exchange gains and losses from the net investment hedge transactions. The amount is deferred in AOCI until the underlying investment is divested.