Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

The following tables set forth, by level, the Company’s assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
			(In millions)
Assets:
Inventories carried at market	$	—	$	4,274	$	2,713	$	6,987
Unrealized derivative gains:
Commodity contracts	—		628		731		1,359
Foreign exchange contracts	—		187		—		187

Cash equivalents	209		—		—		209

Segregated investments	1,362		—		—		1,362

Total Assets	$	1,571	$	5,089	$	3,444	$	10,104
Liabilities:
Unrealized derivative losses:
Commodity contracts	$	—	$	500	$	457	$	957
Foreign exchange contracts	—		144		—		144


Inventory-related payables	—		1,219		101		1,320
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	1,863	$	558	$	2,421


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
			(In millions)
Assets:
Inventories carried at market	$	—	$	6,281	$	2,760	$	9,041
Unrealized derivative gains:
Commodity contracts	—		796		541		1,337
Foreign currency contracts	—		258		—		258
Interest rate contracts	—		109		—		109
Cash equivalents	405		—		—		405

Segregated investments	1,453		—		—		1,453

Total Assets	$	1,858	$	7,444	$	3,301	$	12,603
Liabilities:
Unrealized derivative losses:
Commodity contracts	$	—	$	665	$	603	$	1,268
Foreign currency contracts	—		275		—		275

Debt conversion option	—		—		6		6
Inventory-related payables	—		1,181		89		1,270
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	2,121	$	698	$	2,819

Estimated fair values of inventories and inventory-related payables stated at market are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted for differences in local markets and quality, referred to as basis. Market valuations for the Company’s inventories are adjusted for location and quality (basis) because the exchange-quoted prices represent contracts that have standardized terms for commodity, quantity, future delivery period, delivery location, and commodity quality or grade. The basis adjustments are generally determined using inputs from competitor and broker quotations or market transactions and are considered observable. Basis adjustments are impacted by specific local supply and demand characteristics at each facility and the overall market. Factors such as substitute products, weather, fuel costs, contract terms, and futures prices also impact the movement of these basis adjustments. In some cases, the basis adjustments are unobservable because they are supported by little to no market activity. When unobservable inputs have a significant impact (more than 10%) on the measurement of fair value, the inventory is classified in Level 3. Changes in the fair value of inventories and inventory-related payables are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of cost of products sold.

Derivative contracts include exchange-traded commodity futures and options contracts, forward commodity purchase and sale contracts, and OTC instruments related primarily to agricultural commodities, energy, interest rates, and foreign currencies. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified in Level 1. The majority of the Company’s exchange-traded futures and options contracts are cash-settled on a daily basis and, therefore, are not included in these tables. Fair value for forward commodity purchase and sale contracts is estimated based on exchange-quoted prices adjusted for differences in local markets. Market valuations for the Company’s forward commodity purchase and sale contracts are adjusted for location (basis) because the exchange-quoted prices represent contracts that have standardized terms for commodity, quantity, future delivery period, delivery location, and commodity quality or grade. The basis adjustments are generally determined using inputs from competitor and broker quotations or market transactions and are considered observable. Basis adjustments are impacted by specific local supply and demand characteristics at each facility and the overall market. Factors such as substitute products, weather, fuel costs, contract terms, and futures prices also impact the movement of these basis adjustments. In some cases, the basis adjustments are unobservable because they are supported by little to no market activity. When observable inputs are available for substantially the full term of the contract, it is classified in Level 2. When unobservable inputs have a significant impact (more than 10%) on the measurement of fair value, the contract is classified in Level 3. Except for certain derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of commodity-related derivatives are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of cost of products sold. Changes in the fair value of foreign currency-related derivatives are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of revenues, cost of products sold, and other (income) expense - net, depending upon the purpose of the contract. The changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as effective cash flow hedges are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of AOCI until the hedged items are recorded in earnings or it is probable the hedged transaction will no longer occur.

The Company’s cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds valued using quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1.

The Company’s segregated investments are comprised of U.S. Treasury securities. U.S. Treasury securities are valued using quoted market prices and are classified in Level 1.

The debt conversion option was the equity linked embedded derivative related to the exchangeable bonds. The fair value of the embedded derivative was included in long-term debt, with changes in fair value recognized as interest, and was valued with the assistance of a third-party pricing service (a level 3 measurement).

The following tables present a rollforward of the activity of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.


	Level 3 Fair Value Assets Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Inventories Carried at Market		Commodity Derivative Contracts Gains		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	2,760	$	541	$	3,301
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized gains included in cost of products sold	432		1,460		1,892
Purchases	29,929		—		29,929
Sales	(30,038)		—		(30,038)
Settlements	(4)		(1,559)		(1,563)
Transfers into Level 3	1,584		371		1,955
Transfers out of Level 3	(1,950)		(82)		(2,032)
Ending balance, December 31, 2023 (1)	$	2,713	$	731	$	3,444

(1) Includes increase in unrealized gains of $2.1 billion relating to Level 3 assets still held at December 31, 2023.


	Level 3 Fair Value Liabilities Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Inventory- related Payables		Commodity Derivative Contracts Losses		Debt Conversion Option		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	89	$	603	$	6	$	698
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized losses included in cost of products sold and interest expense	5		1,303		(6)		1,302
Purchases	49		—		—		49

Settlements	(35)		(1,583)		—		(1,618)
Transfers into Level 3	1		157		—		158
Transfers out of Level 3	(8)		(23)		—		(31)
Ending balance, December 31, 2023 (1)	$	101	$	457	$	—	$	558

(1) Includes increase in unrealized losses of $1.3 billion relating to Level 3 liabilities still held at December 31, 2023.


	Level 3 Fair Value Assets Measurements at December 31, 2022
	Inventories Carried at Market		Commodity Derivative Contracts Gains		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	3,004	$	460	$	3,464
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized gains included in cost of products sold	867		1,648		2,515
Purchases	49,735		—		49,735
Sales	(50,414)		—		(50,414)
Settlements	—		(1,672)		(1,672)
Transfers into Level 3	1,088		400		1,488
Transfers out of Level 3	(1,520)		(295)		(1,815)
Ending balance, December 31, 2022 (1)	$	2,760	$	541	$	3,301

(1) Includes increase in unrealized gains of $2.7 billion relating to Level 3 assets still held at December 31, 2022.


	Level 3 Fair Value Liabilities Measurements at December 31, 2022
	Inventory- related Payables		Commodity Derivative Contracts Losses		Debt Conversion Option		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	106	$	815	$	15	$	936
Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized losses included in cost of products sold and interest expense	3		2,483		(9)		2,477
Purchases	183		—		—		183
Sales	(203)		—		—		(203)
Settlements	—		(2,844)		—		(2,844)
Transfers into Level 3	—		401		—		401
Transfers out of Level 3	—		(252)		—		(252)
Ending balance, December 31, 2022 (1)	$	89	$	603	$	6	$	698

(1) Includes increase in unrealized losses of $2.5 billion relating to Level 3 liabilities still held at December 31, 2022.

Transfers into Level 3 of assets and liabilities previously classified in Level 2 were due to the relative value of unobservable inputs to the total fair value measurement of certain products and derivative contracts rising above the 10% threshold. Transfers out of Level 3 were primarily due to the relative value of unobservable inputs to the total fair value measurement of certain products and derivative contracts falling below the 10% threshold and thus permitting reclassification to Level 2.

In some cases, the price components that result in differences between exchange-traded prices and local prices for inventories and commodity purchase and sale contracts are observable based upon available quotations for these pricing components, and in some cases, the differences are unobservable. These price components primarily include transportation costs and other adjustments required due to location, quality, or other contract terms. In the table below, these other adjustments are referred to as basis.

The following table sets forth the weighted average percentage of the unobservable price components included in the Company’s Level 3 valuations as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company’s Level 3 measurements may include basis only, transportation cost only, or both price components. As an example, for Level 3 inventories with basis, the unobservable component as of December 31, 2023 is a weighted average 25.0% of the total price for assets and 33.2% of the total price for liabilities.


	Weighted Average % of Total Price
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Component Type	Assets	Liabilities	Assets	Liabilities
Inventories and Related Payables
Basis	25.0%	33.2%	19.4%	15.2%
Transportation cost	11.5%	—%	10.5%	—%
Commodity Derivative Contracts
Basis	24.2%	24.9%	22.7%	26.5%
Transportation cost	9.3%	3.2%	13.5%	3.7%

In certain of the Company’s principal markets, the Company relies on price quotes from third parties to value its inventories and physical commodity purchase and sale contracts. These price quotes are generally not further adjusted by the Company in determining the applicable market price. In some cases, availability of third-party quotes is limited to only one or two independent sources. In these situations, absent other corroborating evidence, the Company considers these price quotes as 100% unobservable and, therefore, the fair value of these items is reported in Level 3.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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