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Segment and Geographic Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment And Geographic Information Segment and Geographic Information
The Company’s operations are organized, managed, and classified into three reportable business segments:  Ag Services and Oilseeds, Carbohydrate Solutions, and Nutrition. Each of these segments is organized based upon the nature of products and services offered. The Company’s remaining operations are not reportable segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard, and are classified as Other Business.

The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment includes global activities related to the origination, merchandising, transportation, and storage of agricultural raw materials, and the crushing and further processing of oilseeds such as soybeans and soft seeds (cottonseed, sunflower seed, canola, rapeseed, and flaxseed) into vegetable oils and protein meals. Oilseeds products produced and marketed by the segment include ingredients for food, feed, energy, and industrial customers. Crude vegetable oils produced by the segment’s crushing activities are sold “as is” to manufacturers of renewable green diesel and other customers or are further processed by refining, blending, bleaching, and deodorizing into salad oils. Salad oils are sold “as is” or are further processed by hydrogenating and/or interesterifying into margarine, shortening, and other food products. Partially refined oils are used to produce biodiesel and glycols or are sold to other manufacturers for use in chemicals, paints, and other industrial products. Oilseed protein meals are principally sold to third parties to be used as ingredients in commercial livestock and poultry feeds. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment is also a major supplier of peanuts and peanut-derived ingredients to both the U.S. and export markets. In North America, cotton cellulose pulp is manufactured and sold to the chemical, paper, and other industrial markets. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment’s grain sourcing, handling, and transportation network (including barge, ocean-going vessel, truck, rail, and container freight services) provides reliable and efficient services to the Company’s customers and agricultural processing operations. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment also includes agricultural commodity and feed product import, export, and global distribution, and structured trade finance activities. The Company engages in various structured trade finance activities to leverage its global trade flows. This segment also includes the Company’s share of the results of its equity investments in Wilmar, Pacificor, SoyVen, Olenex, Stratas Foods LLC, and Edible Oils Limited.

The Carbohydrate Solutions segment is engaged in corn and wheat wet and dry milling and other activities. The Carbohydrate Solutions segment converts corn and wheat into products and ingredients used in the food and beverage industry including sweeteners, corn and wheat starches, syrup, glucose, wheat flour, and dextrose. Dextrose and starch are used by the Carbohydrate Solutions segment as feedstocks in other downstream processes. By fermentation of dextrose, the Carbohydrate Solutions segment produces alcohol and other food and animal feed ingredients. Ethyl alcohol is produced by the Company for industrial use in products such as hand sanitizers and ethanol for use in gasoline due to its ability to increase octane as an extender and oxygenate. Corn gluten feed and meal, as well as distillers’ grains, are produced for use as animal feed ingredients. Corn germ, a by-product of the wet milling process, is further processed into vegetable oil and protein meal. Other Carbohydrate Solutions products include citric acids which are used in various food and industrial products. The Carbohydrate Solutions segment is a leader in carbon capture and sequestration. This segment also includes the Company’s share of the results of its equity investments in Hungrana Ltd., Almidones Mexicanos S.A., Aston Foods and Food Ingredients, Red Star Yeast Company, LLC, and LSCP, LLLP. In November 2021, the Company sold its ethanol production complex in Peoria, Illinois.

The Nutrition segment serves various end markets including food, beverages, nutritional supplements, and feed and premix for livestock, aquaculture, and pet food. The segment engages in the manufacturing, sale, and distribution of a wide array of ingredients and solutions including plant-based proteins, natural flavors, flavor systems, natural colors, emulsifiers, soluble fiber, polyols, hydrocolloids, probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, enzymes, botanical extracts, and other specialty food and feed ingredients. The Nutrition segment includes the activities related to the procurement, processing, and distribution of edible beans. The segment also includes activities related to the processing and distribution of formula feeds and animal health and nutrition products and the manufacture of contract and private label pet treats and foods. This segment also includes the Company’s share of the results of its equity investments in Vimison S.A. de C.V., ADM Matsutani LLC, Matsutani Singapore Pte. Ltd., ADM Vland Biotech Shandong Co., Ltd., Dusial S.A., and Vitafort ZRT.

Other Business includes the Company’s financial business units related to futures commission and insurance activities.
Intersegment sales have been recorded using principles consistent with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Operating profit for each segment is based on net sales less identifiable operating expenses. Also included in operating profit for each segment is equity in earnings of affiliates based on the equity method of accounting. Specified items included in total segment operating profit and certain corporate items are not allocated to the Company’s individual business segments because operating performance of each business segment is evaluated by management exclusive of these items. Corporate results principally include unallocated corporate expenses, interest cost net of interest income, and revaluation gains and losses on cost method investments and the share of the results of equity investments in early-stage start-up companies.

Correction of Certain Segment-Specific Historical Financial Information

As previously disclosed, the Company received a voluntary document request from the SEC relating to intersegment sales between the Company’s Nutrition segment and the Company’s Ag Services and Oilseeds and Carbohydrate Solutions segments. In response, the Company engaged external counsel, assisted by a forensic accounting firm, to conduct an internal investigation, overseen by the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, which is separately advised by external counsel (the Investigation).

The Company has historically disclosed in the footnotes to its financial statements that intersegment sales have been recorded at amounts approximating market. In connection with the Investigation, the Company identified certain intersegment sales for the years ended December 31, 2021 through 2023 that occurred between the Company’s Nutrition segment and the Company’s Ag Services and Oilseeds and Carbohydrate Solutions segments that were not recorded at amounts approximating market.

The correction of these immaterial errors does not have any impact on the Company’s previously reported Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, or Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for any of the periods presented below.

The following tables present: (i) adjustments and revised gross revenues, intersegment revenues, and operating profit amounts for the Ag Services and Oilseeds segment; (ii) adjustments and revised gross revenues, intersegment revenues and operating profit amounts for the Carbohydrate Solutions segment; and (iii) adjustments and revised operating profit amounts for the Nutrition segment, in each case, for each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. No adjustments were required to the gross revenues of the Nutrition segment.

Impact of the Adjustments on Ag Services and Oilseeds Segment Gross Revenues and Operating Profit
Years Ended December 31
(In millions)
2023(1)
20222021
Gross revenues, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$77,457 $83,686 $70,455 
Adjustments1 15 24 
Gross revenues, as revised$77,458 $83,701 $70,479 
Intersegment revenues, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$4,031 $4,123 $3,408 
Adjustments1 15 24 
Intersegment revenues, as revised$4,032 $4,138 $3,432 
Segment operating profit, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$4,066 $4,386 $2,775 
Adjustments1 15 24 
Segment operating profit, as revised$4,067 $4,401 $2,799 

(1) The adjustments set forth in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflect adjustments effected for the period January 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023. Given the timing of the Investigation, no adjustments were effected in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Impact of the Adjustments on Carbohydrate Solutions Segment Gross Revenues and Operating Profit
Years Ended December 31
(In millions)
2023(1)
20222021
Gross revenues, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$14,509 $16,336 $12,672 
Adjustments30 53 35 
Gross revenues, as revised$14,539 $16,389 $12,707 
Intersegment revenues, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$1,635 $2,375 $1,562 
Adjustments30 53 35 
Intersegment revenues, as revised$1,665 $2,428 $1,597 
Segment operating profit, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$1,345 $1,360 $1,283 
Adjustments30 53 35 
Segment operating profit, as revised$1,375 $1,413 $1,318 

(1) The adjustments set forth in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflect adjustments effected for the period January 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023. Given the timing of the Investigation, no adjustments were effected in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Impact of the Adjustments on Nutrition Segment Operating Profit
Years Ended December 31
(In millions)
2023(1)
20222021
Segment operating profit, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$458 $736 $691 
Adjustments(31)(68)(59)
Segment operating profit, as revised$427 $668 $632 

(1) The adjustments set forth in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflect adjustments effected for the period January 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023. Given the timing of the Investigation, no adjustments were effected in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Separately, the Company determined that a portion of the originally reported gross revenues and intersegment revenues of each of the Ag Services and Oilseeds, Carbohydrate Solutions, and Nutrition segments included certain intrasegment revenues (resulting from sales within the segment), and should have included exclusively intersegment revenues (resulting from sales from one segment to the other).

The correction of these immaterial errors does not have any impact on the Company’s previously reported Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, or Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for any of the periods presented below.

The following tables present: (i) additional adjustments and further revised gross revenues and intersegment revenues amounts for the Ag Services and Oilseeds segment; (ii) additional adjustments and further revised gross revenues and intersegment revenues amounts for the Carbohydrate Solutions segment; and (iii) adjustments and revised gross revenues and intersegment revenues amounts for the Nutrition segment, for each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
Additional Impact of the Adjustments on Ag Services and Oilseeds Segment Gross Revenues and Intersegment Revenues
Years Ended December 31
(In millions)
2023(1)
20222021
Gross revenues, as revised$77,458 $83,701 $70,479 
Additional adjustments(1,446)(1,579)(1,115)
Gross revenues, as further revised$76,012 $82,122 $69,364 
Intersegment revenues, as revised$4,032 $4,138 $3,432 
Additional adjustments(1,446)(1,579)(1,115)
Intersegment revenues, as further revised$2,586 $2,559 $2,317 

(1) The adjustments set forth in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflect adjustments effected for the period January 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023. Given the timing of the Investigation, no adjustments were effected in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Additional Impact of the Adjustments on Carbohydrate Solutions Segment Gross Revenues and Intersegment Revenues
Years Ended December 31
(In millions)
2023(1)
20222021
Gross revenues, as revised$14,539 $16,389 $12,707 
Additional adjustments(11)(487)(295)
Gross revenues, as further revised$14,528 $15,902 $12,412 
Intersegment revenues, as revised$1,665 $2,428 $1,597 
Additional adjustments(11)(487)(295)
Intersegment revenues, as further revised$1,654 $1,941 $1,302 

(1) The adjustments set forth in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflect adjustments effected for the period January 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023. Given the timing of the Investigation, no adjustments were effected in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Impact of the Adjustments on Nutrition Segment Gross Revenues and Intersegment Revenues
Years Ended December 31
(In millions)
2023(1)
20222021
Gross revenues, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$7,466 $7,836 $6,933 
Adjustments(141)(15)(68)
Gross revenues, as revised$7,325 $7,821 $6,865 
Intersegment revenues, as originally reported for 2022 and 2021$255 $200 $221 
Adjustments(141)(15)(68)
Intersegment revenues, as revised$114 $185 $153 

(1) The adjustments set forth in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflect adjustments effected for the period January 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023. Given the timing of the Investigation, no adjustments were effected in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Segment Information

The following tables present data by segment, adjusted for the matters discussed above, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(In millions)Year Ended December 31
 202320222021
Gross revenues
Ag Services and Oilseeds$76,012 $82,122 $69,364 
Carbohydrate Solutions14,528 15,902 12,412 
Nutrition7,325 7,821 6,865 
Other424 396 380 
Intersegment elimination(4,354)(4,685)(3,772)
Total$93,935 $101,556 $85,249 
Intersegment revenues 
Ag Services and Oilseeds$2,586 $2,559 $2,317 
Carbohydrate Solutions1,654 1,941 1,302 
Nutrition114 185 153 
Total$4,354 $4,685 $3,772 
Revenues from external customers
Ag Services and Oilseeds
Ag Services$47,420 $53,181 $45,017 
Crushing14,020 13,139 11,368 
Refined Products and Other11,986 13,243 10,662 
Total Ag Services and Oilseeds73,426 79,563 67,047 
Carbohydrate Solutions
Starches and Sweeteners9,885 10,251 7,611 
Vantage Corn Processors 2,989 3,710 3,499 
Total Carbohydrate Solutions12,874 13,961 11,110 
Nutrition
Human Nutrition3,634 3,769 3,189 
Animal Nutrition3,577 3,867 3,523 
Total Nutrition7,211 7,636 6,712 
Other424 396 380 
Total$93,935 $101,556 $85,249 
(In millions)Year Ended December 31
 202320222021
Depreciation
Ag Services and Oilseeds$350 $334 $349 
Carbohydrate Solutions304 307 322 
Nutrition132 120 101 
Other10 9 8 
Corporate29 24 27 
Total$825 $794 $807 
Long-lived asset impairments(1)
Ag Services and Oilseeds$11 $— $10 
Carbohydrate Solutions32 14 13 
Nutrition65 21 50 
Total$108 $35 $73 
Interest and investment income
Ag Services and Oilseeds$54 $52 $27 
Nutrition(18)2 1 
Other499 185 16 
Corporate(36)54 52 
Total$499 $293 $96 
Equity in earnings of affiliates
Ag Services and Oilseeds$459 $714 $500 
Carbohydrate Solutions76 94 70 
Nutrition21 23 24 
Corporate(5)1 1 
Total$551 $832 $595 
(1) See Note 18 for total asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs.
(In millions)Year Ended December 31
 202320222021
Segment Operating Profit
Ag Services and Oilseeds$4,067 $4,401 $2,799 
Carbohydrate Solutions1,375 1,413 1,318 
Nutrition427 668 632 
Other375 167 25 
Specified Items:
Gains on sales of assets and businesses(1)
17 47 77 
Impairment, restructuring, and net settlement contingencies(2)
(361)(147)(213)
Total segment operating profit5,900 6,549 4,638 
Corporate(1,606)(1,316)(1,325)
Earnings before income taxes$4,294 $5,233 $3,313 
(1) The gains in 2023 and 2022 were related to the sale of certain assets. The gains in 2021 were related to the sale of ethanol and certain other assets.

(2) The charges in 2023 were related to the impairment of certain long-lived assets, goodwill, intangibles, and an equity investment, restructuring, and a contingency related to import duties, partially offset by settlement/contingency adjustments. The charges in 2022 were related to the impairment of certain assets, restructuring, and settlement contingencies. The charges in 2021 were related to the impairment of certain long-lived assets, goodwill, and other intangibles, restructuring, and a legal settlement.
(In millions)December 31
20232022
Investments in and advances to affiliates
Ag Services and Oilseeds$4,888 $4,863 
Carbohydrate Solutions380 365 
Nutrition145 111 
Corporate87 128 
Total$5,500 $5,467 
Identifiable assets
Ag Services and Oilseeds$25,473 $28,657 
Carbohydrate Solutions6,334 6,801 
Nutrition10,341 10,615 
Other8,701 10,569 
Corporate3,782 3,132 
Total$54,631 $59,774 
(In millions)Year Ended December 31
 20232022
Gross additions to property, plant, and equipment 
Ag Services and Oilseeds$732 $568 
Carbohydrate Solutions351 261 
Nutrition262 314 
Other1 15 
Corporate37 53 
Total$1,383 $1,211 
Geographic information:  The following geographic data include revenues attributed to the countries based on the location of the subsidiary making the sale and long-lived assets based on physical location.  Long-lived assets represent the net book value of property, plant, and equipment.
 
Year Ended
(In millions)December 31
 202320222021
Revenues 
United States$38,783 $43,272 $35,396 
Switzerland19,898 21,821 18,453 
Cayman Islands7,646 5,883 5,515 
Brazil3,361 4,004 3,213 
Mexico3,185 3,709 2,934 
Canada2,400 2,272 1,818 
United Kingdom2,219 2,231 1,848 
Other Foreign16,443 18,364 16,072 
 $93,935 $101,556 $85,249 
(In millions)December 31
20232022
Long-lived assets
United States$6,660 $6,322 
Brazil874 801 
Other Foreign2,974 2,810 
 $10,508 $9,933