Revenues

Revenue Recognition

The Company principally generates revenue from merchandising and transporting agricultural commodities and manufactured products used as ingredients in food, feed, energy, and industrial products. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with a customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company follows a policy of recognizing revenue at a single point in time when it satisfies its performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. For transportation service contracts, the Company recognizes revenue over time as the barge, ocean-going vessel, truck, rail, or container freight moves towards its destination in accordance with the transfer of control guidance of Topic 606. For physically settled derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by ASC 610-20, Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Topic 610-20).

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs related to contracts with customers for sale of goods are accounted for as a fulfillment activity and are included in cost of products sold. Accordingly, amounts billed to customers for such costs are included as a component of revenues.

Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities

The Company does not include taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are (i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers from the measurement of transactions prices, as a component of revenues and cost of products sold.

Contract Costs

The Company capitalizes commission fees paid to intermediaries as a result of obtaining certain contracts. Capitalized commission fees are included in other current assets and are amortized based on the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate and are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 40-25-4 of ASC 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. The amounts of capitalized incremental commission fees and related amortization as of and for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 were immaterial.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table presents revenue disaggregated by timing of recognition and major product lines for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.



	Topic 606 Revenue						Topic 815⁽¹⁾		Total
	Point in Time		Over Time		Total		Revenue		Revenues
Origination
Merchandising and Handling	$	619	$	62	$	681	$	5,479	$	6,160
Transportation	—		55		55		—		55
Total Origination	619		117		736		5,479		6,215
Oilseeds
Crushing and Origination	186		—		186		3,424		3,610
Refining, Packaging, Biodiesel, and Other	558		—		558		1,465		2,023
Total Oilseeds	744		—		744		4,889		5,633
Carbohydrate Solutions
Starches and Sweeteners	1,638		—		1,638		—		1,638
Bioproducts	984		—		984		—		984
Total Carbohydrate Solutions	2,622		—		2,622		—		2,622
Nutrition
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients	636		—		636		—		636
Animal Nutrition	314		—		314		—		314
Total Nutrition	950		—		950		—		950

Other	106		—		106		—		106
Total Revenues	$	5,041	$	117	$	5,158	$	10,368	$	15,526

⁽¹⁾Topic 815 revenue relates to the physical delivery or the settlement of the Company’s sales contracts that are accounted for as derivatives and are outside the scope of Topic 606.

Origination

The Origination segment generates revenue from the sale of commodities and from the service fees for the transportation of goods. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. For transportation service contracts in Transportation, the Company recognizes revenue over time as the barge, ocean-going vessel, truck, rail, or container freight moves towards its destination in accordance with the transfer of control guidance of Topic 606. For fixed and provisionally-priced derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by Topic 610-20.

Oilseeds

The Oilseeds segment generates revenue primarily from the sale of products manufactured in its global processing facilities. The segment also generates revenue from the sale of raw commodities in its South American grain origination business and from the sale of peanuts, tree nuts, and peanut-derived ingredients. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over a product. The amount of revenue recognized follows the contractually specified price which may include freight or other contractually specified cost components. For fixed and provisionally-priced derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by Topic 610-20.

Carbohydrate Solutions

The Carbohydrate Solutions segment generates revenue from the sale of products manufactured at the Company’s global corn and milling facilities around the world. Revenue is recognized when control over products is transferred to the customer. Products are shipped to the customers from the Company’s various facilities and from its network of storage terminals. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration specified in the contract which could include freight and other costs depending on the specific shipping terms of each contract.

Nutrition

The Nutrition segment sells specialty products including natural flavor ingredients, flavor systems, natural colors, animal nutrition products, other specialty food and feed ingredients. Revenue is recognized when control over products is transferred to the customer. The amount of revenue recognized follows the contracted price or the mutually-agreed price of the product. Freight and shipping are recognized as a component of revenue at the same time control transfers to the customer.

Other

Other includes the Company’s futures commission business whose primary sources of revenue are commissions and brokerage income generated from executing orders and clearing futures contracts and options on futures contracts on behalf of its customers. Commissions and brokerage revenue are recognized on the date the transaction is executed. Other also includes the Company’s captive insurance business which generates third party revenue through its proportionate share of premiums from third-party reinsurance pools. Reinsurance premiums are recognized on a straight-line basis over the period underlying the policy.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets relate to unbilled amounts resulting from goods already transferred to the customer where revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer and right to payment is not subject to the passage of time. Contract assets are recorded in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheet and were immaterial as of March 31, 2018 and the January 1, 2018 transition date.

Contract liabilities relate to advance payments from customers for goods and services that the Company has yet to provide. Contract liabilities of $194 million and $185 million as of March 31, 2018 and January 1, 2018, respectively, are recorded in accrued expenses and other payables in the consolidated balance sheet. For the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized revenues of $124 million from the contract liabilities included at January 1, 2018.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company generally recognizes revenue at a point in time with the exception of revenue from transportation services which is recognized over time. The majority of the Company’s contracts with customers have one performance obligation and a contract duration of one year or less. The Company applies the practical expedient in paragraph 10-50-14 of Topic 606 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.

Impacts on Financial Statements

The following tables summarize the impacts of Topic 606 adoption on the various lines of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Consolidated Balance Sheet (excerpt) as of March 31, 2018 and January 1, 2018



	January 1, 2018		March 31, 2018
	After Adoption		As		Under		Effect of
	of Topic 606		Reported		Topic 605		Change
	(In millions)
Assets
Trade receivables	$	2,343	$	2,147	$	1,752	$	395
Inventories	8,770		9,820		10,212		(392		)
Total Current Assets	19,918		20,906		20,903		3
Total Assets	$	39,956	$	41,100	$	41,097	$	3
Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Shareholders’ Equity
Accrued expenses and other payables	$	2,826	$	3,035	$	3,035	$	—
Total Current Liabilities	12,563		13,285		13,285		—
Reinvested earnings	17,552		17,755		17,752		3
Total Shareholders’ Equity	18,322		18,737		18,734		3
Total Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Shareholders’ Equity	$	39,956	$	41,100	$	41,097	$	3

Consolidated Statement of Earnings (excerpt) for the quarter ended March 31, 2018



			Without
	As		Adoption of		Effect of
	Reported		Topic 606		Change
	(In millions)
Revenues	$	15,526	$	15,536	$	(10	)
Cost of products sold	14,637		14,652		(15		)
Gross profit	889		884		5
Earnings before income taxes	464		459		5
Income taxes	68		66		2
Net earnings including noncontrolling interests	396		393		3
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests	$	393	$	390	$	3