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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
NOTE A.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Britton & Koontz Capital Corporation (the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Britton & Koontz Bank, National Association (the “Bank”).  All material inter-company profits, balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Nature of Operations

The Bank operates under a national bank charter and provides full banking services.  The primary area served by the Bank is the southwest region of Mississippi and East Baton Rouge Parish in Louisiana.  Services are provided at three locations in Natchez, Mississippi, two locations in Vicksburg, Mississippi, and three locations in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  The Company also operates a loan production office in Central, Louisiana.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses.  In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties.

While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions.  In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank's allowance for loan losses.  Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.  Because of these factors, it is reasonably possible that the allowance for loan losses may change materially in the near term.  However, the amount of the change that is reasonably possible cannot be estimated.

Investment Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase.  If management has the positive intent and the Bank has the ability at the time of purchase to hold debt securities until maturity, they are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using methods approximating the interest method.  Management has sold securities from time to time as they pay-down below $500 thousand. Available-for-sale securities include securities that management intends to use as part of its asset and liability management strategy and that may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, resultant prepayment risk and other related factors.  These securities are carried at fair value.  Trading securities are also carried at fair value.  Equity securities primarily include stock in the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), which are restricted and are carried at cost.
 
Realized gains and losses on dispositions of investment securities are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted book value of the securities sold, using the specific identification method. Unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available-for-sale are based on the difference between book value and fair value of each security.  These unrealized gains and losses are reported as a component of comprehensive income in stockholders' equity, net of the related deferred tax effect.  The Bank marks to market its trading portfolio at the end of each quarter with gains or losses reported to net income.  Such changes in the fair value due to market changes may contribute to volatility in quarterly earnings.  The Bank sold its portfolio of trading securities in early 2008 and does not currently intend to classify future security purchases into this category.

Loans

Loans are stated at the amount of principal outstanding, reduced by unearned income and an allowance for loan losses.  Unearned income on certain installment loans is recognized as income over the terms of the loans by a method which approximates the interest method.  Interest on other loans is calculated by using the simple interest method on daily balances of the principal amount outstanding.  Loans are ordinarily placed on non-accrual when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when principal or interest is delinquent for 90 days or more; however, management may elect to continue the accrual when the estimated net realizable value of collateral is sufficient to cover the principal balance and the accrued interest.  Any unpaid interest previously accrued on non-accrual loans is reversed from income.  Interest income, generally, is not recognized on loans specifically determined to be impaired unless the likelihood of further loss is remote.  Interest payments received on such loans are applied as a reduction of the loan principal balance.  Interest income on other non-accrual loans is recognized only to the extent of interest payments received.

Loans Held-for-Sale

Loans held-for-sale primarily consist of ten, fifteen and thirty-year fixed-rate, one-to-four family real estate loans which are valued at the lower of cost or market, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors or current investor yield requirements, calculated on an individual basis.  These loans are originated with the intent of selling them in the secondary market.

Unrealized losses on loans held-for-sale are charged against income in the period of decline. Such declines are recorded in a valuation allowance account and deducted from the cost basis of the loans.  There were no such losses at December 31, 2011 and 2010.

Gains on loans held-for-sale are recognized when realized.  Gains on sales of loans in the held-for-sale portfolio were $508 thousand and $275 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date based on evaluations of the collectability of loans and prior loan loss experience.  The evaluations take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrower's ability to pay.  A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Allowances for impaired loans are generally determined based on collateral values or the present value of estimated cash flows.  Credits deemed uncollectible are charged to the allowance.  Provisions for loan losses and recoveries on loans previously charged off are adjusted to the allowance.  Past due status is determined based on contractual terms.

Bank Premises and Equipment

Bank premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed by the straight-line method and is charged to expense over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 3 to 40 years.

Other Real Estate

Properties acquired through foreclosure or in settlement of loans and in lieu of loan foreclosures are classified as foreclosed properties and are recorded at the fair value of the property acquired less estimated selling costs.  At the time of foreclosure, the excess, if any, of the loan value over the estimated fair value of the property acquired less estimated selling costs, is charged to the allowance for loan losses.  Additional decreases in the carrying values of foreclosed properties or changes in estimated selling costs, subsequent to the time of foreclosure, are recognized through provisions charged to operations.  Revenues and expenses from operations and gains and losses on dispositions of such assets are recorded in earnings in the period incurred.

The fair value of foreclosed properties is determined based upon appraised value, utilizing either the estimated replacement cost, the selling price of properties utilized for similar purposes, or discounted cash flow analyses of the properties' operations.

Compensated Absences
 
Employees of the Bank are entitled to paid vacation, emergency and sick days off, depending on length of service in the banking industry.  Vacation, emergency and sick days are granted on an annual basis to eligible employees.  Unused vacation and emergency days expire on December 31 of each year.  Unused sick days expire on each employee's employment anniversary date each year.  The estimated amount of compensation for future absences is deemed immaterial to the consolidated financial statements; accordingly, no liability has been recorded in the accompanying financial statements.  The Bank's policy is to recognize the cost of compensated absences when actually paid to employees.

Income Taxes
 
The provision for income taxes is based on amounts reported in the statements of income after exclusion of nontaxable income such as interest on state and municipal securities.  Also, certain items of income and expense are recognized in different time periods for financial statement purposes than for income tax purposes.  Thus, provisions for deferred taxes are recorded in recognition of such temporary differences.

Deferred taxes are determined utilizing a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences.  Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.  Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Consolidated income tax expense is allocated on the basis of each company's income adjusted for permanent differences.

The Company adopted the provisions of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in financial statements.  The Company has not recognized any interest or penalties in the consolidated financial statements, nor has it recorded an accrued liability for interest or penalty payments.

The Company files income tax returns in the U. S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions.  With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal and state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2008.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance.  All shares held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan are treated as outstanding in computing earnings per share.  Stock options are used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share if they are dilutive.  Earnings per common share has been computed as follows:

   
2011
  
2010
 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
  2,139,926   2,134,332 
Dilutive effect of stock options
  -   609 
Dilutive weighted average shares outstanding
  2,139,926   2,134,941 
Net income
 $394,476  $1,912,745 
Net income per share-basic
 $0. 18  $0. 90 
Net income per share-dilutive
 $0.18  $0.90 
 
The Company has granted options to purchase various amounts of the Company's common stock at various prices ranging from $10.20 to $19.02 per share.  Those options whose exercise price exceeded the average market price of the common shares are not included in the options adjustment for diluted earnings per share.

Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank has entered into off-balance-sheet financial instruments consisting of interest-rate swap and cap agreements (which are discussed below), commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.  Financial instruments related to loans are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable.

Statement of Cash Flows

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers only cash and due from banks to be cash equivalents.
 
Advertising Costs
 
Advertising and marketing costs are recorded as expenses in the year in which they are incurred.
 
Interest-Rate Cap Agreements

The Company uses these financial instruments to manage interest rate risk.  There were no interest rate cap agreements in place at December 31, 2011 or 2010.

Interest-Rate Swap Agreements

The Bank enters into interest-rate swap agreements to modify the interest rate characteristics of its assets and liabilities.  These agreements may involve the receipt or payment of fixed rate amounts in exchange for floating rate interest receipts or payments over the life of the agreement without an exchange of the underlying principal amount.  The differential to be paid or received is accrued as interest rates change and recognized as an adjustment to interest income or expense.  The related amount payable to or receivable from counter-parties is included in other liabilities or assets.  There were no interest-rate swap agreements in place at December 31, 2011 or 2010.

Amortization of Core Deposits

During 1999, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of three Union Planters, N.A. branches in Natchez and Vicksburg, Mississippi, which were accounted for as a purchase.  The Bank paid a premium for the depositor relationship of $1,614,210.  This premium is included in other assets and is being amortized over 15 years, which is the estimated life of the customer base.

Stock Compensation Plans

The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity based instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes the cost over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award.  Note I below sets forth information with respect to stock based awards.

Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-01, Deferral of the Effective Date of Disclosures about Troubled Debt Restructurings in Update No. 2010-20.  ASU 2011-01 temporarily delayed the effective date of the disclosures surrounding troubled debt restructurings in ASU 2010-20 for public companies.  The effective date of the new disclosures is for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2011.  The adoption of ASU 2011-01 did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial position.

In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-02, A Creditor's Determination of Whether a Restructuring is a Troubled Debt Restructuring.  ASU 2011-02 clarifies guidance on a creditor's evaluation of whether it has granted a concession and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties.  The effective date for ASU 2011-02 is for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after June 15, 2011.  The adoption of ASU 2011-02 did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position, disclosures or level of troubled debt restructurings.
 
 
In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-03, Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements. This update revises the criteria for assessing effective control for repurchase agreements and other agreements that both entitle and obligate a transferor to repurchase or redeem financial assets before their maturity.  The update will be effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial position.

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement.  ASU 2011-04 amends the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in order to gain consistency between the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and the International Financial Reporting Standards.  The effective date for ASU 2011-04 is for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011.  The adoption of ASU 2011-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or disclosures.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income.  ASU 2011-05 requires entities to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate consecutive statements.  The effective date for ASU 2011-05 is for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011.  The adoption of ASU 2011-05 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial position.  It will require a change in presentation as the Company currently presents comprehensive income in its consolidated statement of changes in stockholders' equity.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2010 consolidated financial statements in order to conform to the classifications adopted for reporting in 2011.