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Loans and Allowance for Probable Loan Losses
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Loans and Allowance for Probable Loan Losses [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Probable Loan Losses
6. 
Loans and Allowance for Probable Loan Losses

The following table sets forth loan totals for the periods presented (in thousands):

 
At
  
At
 
 
September 30,
  
December 31,
 
 
2011
  
2010
 
Real Estate Loans:
     
Construction
 $103,859  $115,094 
1-4 Family residential
  228,248   219,031 
Other
  202,595   200,723 
Commercial loans
  140,115   148,761 
Municipal loans
  199,122   196,594 
Loans to individuals
  166,532   197,717 
Total loans
 $1,040,471  $1,077,920 
 
Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is based on the most current review of the loan portfolio and is validated by multiple processes.  First, the bank utilizes historical data to establish general reserve amounts for each class of loans.  While we track several years of data, we primarily review one year data because we found during the 1980's that longer periods would not respond quickly enough to market conditions.  Second, our lenders have the primary responsibility for identifying problem loans and estimating necessary reserves based on customer financial stress and underlying collateral.  These recommendations are reviewed by the Senior lender, the Special Assets department, and the Loan Review department and are signed off on by the President.  Third, the Loan Review department does independent reviews of the portfolio on an annual basis.  The Loan Review department follows a board-approved annual loan review scope.  The loan review scope encompasses a number of metrics that takes into consideration the size of the loan, the type of credit extended, the seasoning of the loan and the performance of the loan.  The loan review scope as it relates to size, focuses more on larger dollar loan relationships, typically, for example, aggregate debt of $500,000 or greater.  The Loan Review officer also tracks specific reserves for loans by type compared to general reserves to determine trends in comparative reserves as well as losses not reserved for prior to charge off to determine the efficiency of the specific reserve process.

At each review, a subjective analysis methodology is used to grade the respective loan.  Categories of grading vary in severity from loans that do not appear to have a significant probability of loss at the time of review to loans that indicate a probability that the entire balance of the loan will be uncollectible.  If full collection of the loan balance appears unlikely at the time of review, estimates of future expected cash flows or appraisals of the collateral securing the debt are used to allocate the necessary allowances.  The internal loan review department maintains a list of all loans or loan relationships that are graded as having more than the normal degree of risk associated with them.  In addition, a list of specifically reserved loans or loan relationships of $50,000 or more is updated on a quarterly basis in order to properly allocate necessary allowances and keep management informed on the status of attempts to correct the deficiencies noted with respect to the loan.

For loans to individuals, the methodology associated with determining the appropriate allowance for losses on loans primarily consists of an evaluation of individual payment histories, remaining term to maturity and underlying collateral support.

Industry experience indicates that a portion of our loans will become delinquent and a portion of the loans will require partial or entire charge-off.  Regardless of the underwriting criteria utilized, losses may be experienced as a result of various factors beyond our control, including, among other things, changes in market conditions affecting the value of properties used as collateral for loans and problems affecting the credit of the borrower and the ability of the borrower to make payments on the loan.  Our determination of the adequacy of allowance for loan losses is based on various considerations, including an analysis of the risk characteristics of various classifications of loans, previous loan loss experience, specific loans which would have loan loss potential, delinquency trends, estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, current economic conditions, the views of the bank regulators (who have the authority to require additional allowances), and geographic and industry loan concentration.

Consumer loans at SFG are reserved for based on general estimates of loss at the time of purchase for current loans.  SFG loans experiencing past due status or extension of maturity characteristics are reserved for at significantly higher levels based on the circumstances associated with each specific loan.  In general the reserves for SFG are calculated based on the past due status of the loan.  For reserve purposes, the portfolio has been segregated by past due status and by the remaining term variance from the original contract.  During repayment, loans that pay late will take longer to pay out than the original contract.  Additionally, some loans may be granted extensions for extenuating payment circumstances.  The remaining term extensions increase the risk of collateral deterioration and accordingly, reserves are increased to recognize this risk.

For SFG automobile loan pools purchased after August 1, 2010, additional reserve methods have been added.  New pools purchased are reserved at their estimated annual loss.  Thereafter, the reserve is adjusted based on the actual performance versus projected performance.  Additionally, during the fourth quarter of 2010, data mining measures were further enhanced to track migration within risk tranches.  Reserves are adjusted quarterly to match the migration metrics.

Credit Quality Indicators

We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as:  current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors.  We use the following definitions for risk ratings:

·
Satisfactory (Rating 1 - 4) - This rating is assigned to all satisfactory loans.  This category, by definition, should consist of completely acceptable credit.  Credit and collateral exceptions should not be present, although their presence would not necessarily prohibit a loan from being rated Satisfactory, if deficiencies are in process of correction.  These loans will not be included in the Watch List.
 
 
·
Satisfactory (Rating 5) - Special Treatment Required - (Pass Watch) - These loans require some degree of special treatment, but not due to credit quality.  This category does not include loans specially mentioned or adversely classified by the Loan Review Officer or regulatory authorities; however, particular attention must be accorded such credits due to characteristics such as:

·
A lack of, or abnormally extended payment program;
·
A heavy degree of concentration of collateral without sufficient margin;
·
A vulnerability to competition through lesser or extensive financial leverage;
·
A dependence on a single, or few customers, or sources of supply and materials without suitable substitutes or alternatives.

·
Special Mention (Rating 6) - A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution's credit position at some future date.  Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

·
Substandard (Rating 7) - Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any.  Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt.  They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

·
Doubtful (Rating 8) - Loans classified Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation, in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

·
Loss (Rating 9) - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible or of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.  This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

Loans not meeting risk ratings six through nine are reserved for as a group of similar type pass rated credits and included in the general portion of the allowance for loan losses.

The general portion of the loan loss allowance is reflective of historical charge-off levels for similar loans adjusted for changes in current conditions and other relevant factors.  These factors are likely to cause estimated losses to differ from historical loss experience and include:

·
Changes in lending policies or procedures, including underwriting, collection, charge-off, and recovery procedures;
·
Changes in local, regional and national economic and business conditions including entry into new markets;
·
Changes in the volume or type of credit extended;
·
Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management;
·
Changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual, restructured, or classified loans;
·
Changes in loan review or Board oversight; and,
·
Changes in the level of concentrations of credit.
 
The following table details activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses by portfolio segment for the periods presented (in thousands):
 
   
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
   
Real Estate
                
   
Construction
  
1-4 Family
Residential
  
Other
  
Commercial
Loans
  
Municipal
Loans
  
Loans to
Individuals
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
                          
Balance at beginning of period
 $2,585  $1,988  $3,354  $3,746  $607  $7,978  $453  $20,711 
Provision (reversal) for loan losses
  (25 )  397   (318 )  (65 )  (9 )  4,628   844   5,452 
Loans charged off
  (9 )  (654 )  (271 )  (1,231 )  -   (8,085 )  -   (10,250 )
Recoveries of loans charged off
  38   96   274   397   -   1,471   -   2,276 
Balance at end of period
 $2,589  $1,827  $3,039  $2,847  $598  $5,992  $1,297  $18,189 

   
Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
   
Real Estate
                
   
Construction
  
1-4 Family
Residential
  
Other
  
Commercial
Loans
  
Municipal
Loans
  
Loans to
Individuals
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
                          
Balance at beginning of period
 $2,800  $1,879  $3,023  $2,916  $610  $6,657  $1,524  $19,409 
Provision (reversal) for loan losses
  (235 )  216   206   166   (12 )  1,340   (227 )  1,454 
Loans charged off
  -   (271 )  (191 )  (304 )  -   (2,413 )  -   (3,179 )
Recoveries of loans charged off
  24   3   1   69   -   408   -   505 
Balance at end of period
 $2,589  $1,827  $3,039  $2,847  $598  $5,992  $1,297  $18,189 

   
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
 
   
Real Estate
                
   
Construction
  
1-4 Family
Residential
  
Other
  
Commercial
Loans
  
Municipal
Loans
  
Loans to
Individuals
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
                          
Balance at beginning of period
 $3,080  $1,460  $3,175  $3,184  $400  $7,321  $1,276  $19,896 
Provision (reversal) for loan losses
  36   585   640   2,233   151   6,483   (800 )  9,328 
Loans charged off
  (873 )  (236 )  (519 )  (2,023 )  -   (9,165 )  -   (12,816 )
Recoveries of loans charged off
  165   12   -   202   -   1,944   -   2,323 
Balance at end of period
 $2,408  $1,821  $3,296  $3,596  $551  $6,583  $476  $18,731 

   
Three Months Ended September 30, 2010
 
   
Real Estate
                
   
Construction
  
1-4 Family
Residential
  
Other
  
Commercial
Loans
  
Municipal
Loans
  
Loans to
Individuals
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
                          
Balance at beginning of period
 $2,180  $1,820  $3,334  $3,367  $514  $6,804  $1,264  $19,283 
Provision (reversal) for loan losses
  228   114   281   1,242   37   2,087   (788 )  3,201 
Loans charged off
  -   (120 )  (319 )  (1,058 )  -   (2,844 )  -   (4,341 )
Recoveries of loans charged off
  -   7   -   45   -   536   -   588 
Balance at end of period
 $2,408  $1,821  $3,296  $3,596  $551  $6,583  $476  $18,731 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
 
Real Estate
           
 
Construction
 
1-4 Family
Residential
 
Other
 
Commercial
Loans
 
Municipal
Loans
 
Loans to
Individuals
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
                          
Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment
 $1,015  $746  $527  $1,129  $110  $396  $-  $3,923 
Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment
  1,574   1,081   2,512   1,718   488   5,596   1,297   14,266 
Balance at end of period
 $2,589  $1,827  $3,039  $2,847  $598  $5,992  $1,297  $18,189 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
 
 
Real Estate
           
 
Construction
 
1-4 Family
Residential
 
Other
 
Commercial
Loans
 
Municipal
Loans
 
Loans to
Individuals
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
                          
Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment
 $1,088  $673  $836  $1,752  $125  $580  $-  $5,054 
Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment
  1,320   1,148   2,460   1,844   426   6,003   476   13,677 
Balance at end of period
 $2,408  $1,821  $3,296  $3,596  $551  $6,583  $476  $18,731 

The following table details activity of the Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments for the periods presented (in thousands):

   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Reserve For Unfunded Loan Commitments:
               
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
30
   
$
5
 
Provision (reversal) for losses on unfunded loan commitments
   
(8
)
   
15
 
Balance at end of period
 
$
22
   
$
20
 
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Reserve For Unfunded Loan Commitments:
               
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
22
   
$
40
 
Provision (reversal) for losses on unfunded loan commitments
   
-
     
(20
)
Balance at end of period
 
$
22
   
$
20
 

The following table sets forth the balance in the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment based on impairment method as described in the allowance for loan losses methodology discussion for the periods presented (in thousands):

 
Real Estate
             
September 30, 2011
Construction
 
1-4 Family
Residential
 
Other
 
Commercial
Loans
 
Municipal
Loans
 
Loans to
Individuals
 
Total
 
                       
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 $7,869  $11,059  $7,271  $6,245  $651  $1,317  $34,412 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  95,990   217,189   195,324   133,870   198,471   165,215   1,006,059 
Total ending loans balance
 $103,859  $228,248  $202,595  $140,115  $199,122  $166,532  $1,040,471 
 
 
Real Estate
             
December 31, 2010
Construction
 
1-4 Family
Residential
 
Other
 
Commercial
Loans
 
Municipal
Loans
 
Loans to
Individuals
 
Total
 
                       
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 $10,355  $8,331  $10,688  $12,144  $738  $1,625  $43,881 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  104,739   210,700   190,035   136,617   195,856   196,092   1,034,039 
Total ending loans balance
 $115,094  $219,031  $200,723  $148,761  $196,594  $197,717  $1,077,920 

The following table sets forth loans by credit quality indicator for the periods presented (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2011
 
Pass
  
Pass
Watch
  
Special
Mention
  
Substandard
  
Doubtful
  
Loss
  
Total
 
                       
Real Estate Loans:
                     
Construction
 $95,990  $1,237  $449  $6,041  $142  $-  $103,859 
1-4 Family residential
  217,188   640   5,242   4,313   865   -   228,248 
Other
  195,324   94   3,270   3,869   38   -   202,595 
Commercial loans
  133,871   904   246   5,015   68   11   140,115 
Municipal loans
  198,471   231   -   420   -   -   199,122 
Loans to individuals
  155,590   7,306   -   2,564   1,040   32   166,532 
Total
 $996,434  $10,412  $9,207  $22,222  $2,153  $43  $1,040,471 
 
December 31, 2010
 
Pass
  
Pass
Watch
  
Special
Mention
  
Substandard
  
Doubtful
  
Loss
  
Total
 
                       
Real Estate Loans:
                     
Construction
 $104,739  $761  $1,420  $8,174  $-  $-  $115,094 
1-4 Family residential
  210,699   812   1,379   5,332   809   -   219,031 
Other
  190,036   102   4,784   5,418   298   85   200,723 
Commercial loans
  136,617   2,273   1,224   8,403   199   45   148,761 
Municipal loans
  195,856   258   -   480   -   -   196,594 
Loans to individuals
  182,174   8,766   27   4,564   2,175   11   197,717 
Total
 $1,020,121  $12,972  $8,834  $32,371  $3,481  $141  $1,077,920 

The following table sets forth nonperforming assets for the periods presented:

  
At
September 30,
2011
  
At
December 31,
2010
 
  
(in thousands)
 
        
Nonaccrual loans
 $10,634  $14,524 
Accruing loans past due more than 90 days
  21   7 
Restructured loans
  1,486   2,320 
Other real estate owned
  831   220 
Repossessed assets
  188   638 
Total Nonperforming Assets
 $13,160  $17,709 

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

Nonaccrual loans are those loans which are 90 days or more delinquent and collection in full of both the principal and interest is in doubt.  Additionally, some loans that are not delinquent may be placed on nonaccrual status due to doubts about full collection of principal or interest.  When a loan is categorized as nonaccrual, the accrual of interest is discontinued and the accrued balance is reversed for financial statement purposes.  Payments of contractual interest are recognized as income only to the extent that full recovery of the principal balance of the loan is reasonably certain.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.  Other factors, such as the value of collateral securing the loan and the financial condition of the borrower must be considered in judgments as to potential loan loss.

Loans are considered impaired if, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the historical effective interest rate stipulated in the loan agreement, except that all collateral-dependent loans are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral.  In measuring the fair value of the collateral, in addition to relying on third party appraisals, we use assumptions such as discount rates, and methodologies, such as comparison to the recent selling price of similar assets, consistent with those that would be utilized by unrelated third parties performing a valuation.

Nonaccrual loans and accruing loans past due more than 90 days include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.

The following table sets forth the recorded investment in nonaccrual and accruing loans past due more than 90 days by class of loans for the periods presented (in thousands):

   
September 30, 2011
  
December 31, 2010
 
   
Nonaccrual
  
Accruing Loans
Past Due More
Than 90 Days
  
Nonaccrual
  
Accruing Loans
Past Due More
Than 90 Days
 
Real Estate Loans:
            
Construction
 $3,838  $-  $4,730  $- 
1-4 Family residential
  1,863   -   2,353   - 
Other
  1,291   -   1,428   - 
Commercial loans
  1,495   -   1,799   - 
Loans to individuals
  2,147   21   4,214   7 
Total
 $10,634  $21  $14,524  $7 

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of September 30, 2011 by class of loans (in thousands):

   
30-59 Days
Past Due
  
60-89 Days
Past Due
  
Greater than
90 Days
Past Due
  
Total Past
Due
  
Loans Not
Past Due
  
Total
 
Real Estate Loans:
                  
Construction
 $448  $370  $3,838  $4,656  $99,203  $103,859 
1-4 Family residential
  3,720   723   1,863   6,306   221,942   228,248 
Other
  364   31   1,291   1,686   200,909   202,595 
Commercial loans
  1,097   343   1,495   2,935   137,180   140,115 
Municipal loans
  -   -   -   -   199,122   199,122 
Loans to individuals
  2,705   713   2,168   5,586   160,946   166,532 
Total
 $8,334  $2,180  $10,655  $21,169  $1,019,302  $1,040,471 

Impaired loans, primarily nonaccrual loans, were as follows (in thousands):

   
September 30,
  
December 31,
 
   
2011
  
2010
 
Loans with no allocated allowance for loan losses
 $5  $69 
Loans with allocated allowance for loan losses
  12,080   16,699 
Total
 $12,085  $16,768 
          
Amount of the allowance for loan losses allocated
 $2,512  $3,864 

At any time a potential loss is recognized in the collection of principal, proper reserves should be allocated.  Loans are charged off when deemed uncollectible.  Loans are charged down as soon as collection by liquidation is evident to the liquidation value of the collateral net of liquidation costs, if any, and placed in nonaccrual status.

Interest income recognized on nonaccrual and restructured loans by class of loans for the period presented (in thousands):
 
   
September 30, 2011
 
   
Interest Income
Recognized
  
Accruing Interest
at Original
Contracted Rate
 
     
Real Estate Loans:
      
Construction
 $9  $209 
1-4 Family residential
  60   89 
Other
  19   99 
Commercial loans
  4   54 
Municipal loans
  -   - 
Loans to individuals
  363   578 
Total
 $455  $1,029 

The following table sets forth impaired loans by class of loans for the periods presented (in thousands).  Average recorded investment is reported on a year-to-date basis.

September 30, 2011
 
Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
  
Recorded
Investment
With No
Allowance
  
Recorded
Investment
 With
Allowance
  
Total
Recorded
Investment
  
Loan Losses
Allocated
  
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
                    
Real Estate Loans:
                  
Construction
 $4,750  $-  $3,838  $3,838  $633  $4,083 
1-4 Family residential
  1,927   -   1,863   1,863   277   2,386 
Other
  1,890   -   1,290   1,290   125   1,830 
Commercial loans
  1,564   -   1,495   1,495   477   1,832 
Municipal loans
  -   -   -   -   -   - 
Loans to individuals
  3,886   5   3,594   3,599   1,000   4,888 
Total
 $14,017  $5  $12,080  $12,085  $2,512  $15,019 
 
December 31, 2010
 
Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
  
Recorded
Investment
With No
Allowance
  
Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
  
Total
Recorded
Investment
  
Loan Losses
Allocated
  
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
                    
Real Estate Loans:
                  
Construction
 $6,045  $-  $4,730  $4,730  $562  $6,013 
1-4 Family residential
  2,453   -   2,354   2,354   426   1,250 
Other
  1,807   -   1,428   1,428   179   1,445 
Commercial loans
  1,826   -   1,799   1,799   719   1,950 
Municipal loans
  -   -   -   -   -   - 
Loans to individuals
  6,854   69   6,388   6,457   1,978   7,904 
Total
 $18,985  $69  $16,699  $16,768  $3,864  $18,562 

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a "troubled debt restructuring" if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession.  Concessions may include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses.  Effective July 1, 2011, we adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2011-02, "Receivables (Topic 310) - A Creditor's Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring."  We reassessed all loan modifications occurring since January 1, 2011 for identification as troubled debt restructurings.

The following table sets forth troubled debt restructurings for the periods presented:

   
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2011
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2011
 
Real Estate Loans:
      
Construction
 $-  $54 
1-4 Family residential
  -   284 
Other
  -   - 
Commercial loans
  -   - 
Loans to individuals
  57   78 
Total
 $57  $416 

The loans identified as troubled debt restructurings were previously reported as impaired loans prior to restructuring.  The modifications related to extending the amortization periods, lowering interest rates and principal forgiveness of the loans.  Of the loans restructured during the nine months ended September 30, 2011, $406,000 were on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2011.  Because the loans were classified and on nonaccrual status both before and after restructuring, the modifications did not impact our determination of the allowance for loan losses.  For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, there have been no defaults on any loans that were modified as troubled debt restructurings during the preceding twelve months.