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Securities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities Securities
Debt securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of investment and mortgage-backed AFS and HTM securities as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are reflected in the tables below (in thousands):
 June 30, 2021
Amortized
Gross
Unrealized
Gross UnrealizedEstimated
AVAILABLE FOR SALECostGainsLossesFair Value
Investment securities:
U.S. Treasury$42,753 $983 $— $43,736 
State and political subdivisions1,765,231 101,074 1,426 1,864,879 
Corporate bonds and other 112,387 2,191 331 114,247 
MBS: (1)
   
Residential606,765 26,387 252 632,900 
Commercial106,938 3,585 250 110,273 
Total$2,634,074 $134,220 $2,259 $2,766,035 
HELD TO MATURITY
Investment securities:   
State and political subdivisions$908 $$— $913 
MBS: (1)
Residential42,171 3,002 — 45,173 
Commercial51,771 3,511 — 55,282 
Total $94,850 $6,518 $— $101,368 

 December 31, 2020
Amortized
Gross
Unrealized
Gross UnrealizedEstimated
AVAILABLE FOR SALECostGainsLossesFair Value
Investment securities: 
State and political subdivisions$1,475,030 $105,601 $37 $1,580,594 
Corporate bonds and other 77,224 1,053 22 78,255 
MBS: (1)
 
Residential
771,409 38,674 73 810,010 
Commercial
113,850 4,746 150 118,446 
Total$2,437,513 $150,074 $282 $2,587,305 
HELD TO MATURITY
Investment securities:
State and political subdivisions$907 $13 $— $920 
MBS: (1)
 
Residential47,948 4,187 — 52,135 
Commercial60,143 5,000 — 65,143 
Total$108,998 $9,200 $— $118,198 
(1) All MBS are issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. GSEs.

Investment securities and MBS with carrying values of $1.49 billion and $1.56 billion were pledged as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, to collateralize FHLB borrowings, borrowings from the FRDW, repurchase agreements and public fund deposits, for potential liquidity needs or other purposes as required by law.
The following tables represent the fair value and unrealized losses on AFS investment and MBS for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, segregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous loss position (in thousands):
June 30, 2021
 Less Than 12 MonthsMore Than 12 MonthsTotal
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss
AVAILABLE FOR SALE      
Investment securities:
State and political subdivisions$154,122 $1,426 $— $— $154,122 $1,426 
Corporate bonds and other37,452 331 — — 37,452 331 
MBS:
Residential15,619 252 — — 15,619 252 
Commercial— — 4,637 250 4,637 250 
Total$207,193 $2,009 $4,637 $250 $211,830 $2,259 
December 31, 2020
Less Than 12 Months
More Than 12 Months
Total
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss
AVAILABLE FOR SALE      
Investment securities:
State and political subdivisions$17,305 $37 $— $— $17,305 $37 
Corporate bonds and other11,562 22 — — 11,562 22 
MBS:
Residential6,287 73 — — 6,287 73 
Commercial4,744 150 — — 4,744 150 
Total$39,898 $282 $— $— $39,898 $282 

With the adoption of ASU 2016-13, for those AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position where management (i) has the intent to sell or (ii) where it will more-likely-than-not be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, we write the security down to fair value with an adjustment to earnings. For those AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position that do not meet either of these criteria, management assesses whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit-related factors, using both qualitative and quantitative criteria. Determining the allowance under the credit loss method requires the use of a discounted cash flow method to assess the credit losses. Any credit-related impairment will be recognized in allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Noncredit-related impairment, the portion of the impairment relating to factors other than credit (such as changes in market interest rates), is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax.
Based on our consideration of the qualitative factors associated with each security type in our AFS portfolio, we did not recognize any unrealized losses in income on our AFS securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 or 2020. Our state and political subdivisions are highly rated municipal securities with a long history of no credit losses. Our AFS MBS are highly rated securities which are either explicitly or implicitly backed by the U.S. Government through its agencies which are highly rated by major ratings agencies and also have a long history of no credit losses. Our corporate bonds and other investment securities as of June 30, 2021 consist of highly rated investment grade bonds. Management does not intend to sell and it is likely we will not be required to sell those securities in an unrealized loss position prior to the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost basis. These unrealized losses on our investment and MBS are largely due to changes in interest rates and spreads and other market conditions impacted by COVID-19. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we did not have an allowance for credit losses on our AFS securities.
We assess the likelihood of default and the potential amount of default when assessing our HTM securities for credit losses. We utilize term structures and, due to no prior loss exposure on our state and political subdivision securities, we currently apply a third-party average loss given default rate to model our securities. Due to a small number of HTM municipal securities in our portfolio as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, we elected to use the specific identification method to model these securities which aligns with our third-party fair value measurement process. The model determined any expected credit loss over the life of these securities to be remote. Management further evaluated the remote expectation of loss along with the qualitative factors
associated with these securities and concluded that, due to the securities being highly rated municipals with a long history of no credit losses, no credit loss should be recognized for these securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 or 2020.
From time to time, we have transferred securities from AFS to HTM due to overall balance sheet strategies. The remaining net unamortized, unrealized loss on the transferred securities included in AOCI in the accompanying balance sheets totaled $2.1 million ($1.6 million, net of tax) at June 30, 2021 and $2.9 million ($2.3 million, net of tax) at December 31, 2020. Any net unrealized gain or loss on the transferred securities included in AOCI at the time of transfer will be amortized over the remaining life of the underlying security as an adjustment to the yield on those securities. Securities transferred with losses included in AOCI continue to be included in management’s assessment for impairment for each individual security. There were no securities transferred from AFS to HTM during the six months ended June 30, 2021 or the year ended December 31, 2020.
The accrued interest receivable on our debt securities is excluded from the credit loss estimate and is included in interest receivable on our consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2021, accrued interest receivable on AFS and HTM debt securities totaled $22.9 million and $251,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, accrued interest receivable on AFS and HTM debt securities totaled $22.0 million and $298,000, respectively. No HTM debt securities were past-due or on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
The following table reflects interest income recognized on securities for the periods presented (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
 20212020
U.S. Treasury$169 $— 
State and political subdivisions10,939 9,869 
Corporate bonds and other986 84 
MBS4,647 9,044 
Total interest income on securities$16,741 $18,997 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 20212020
U.S. Treasury$206 $— 
State and political subdivisions21,345 16,494 
Corporate bonds and other1,831 177 
MBS10,735 20,578 
Total interest income on securities$34,117 $37,249 

There was a $2.0 million net realized gain from the AFS securities portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2021, which consisted of $2.1 million in realized gains and $52,000 in realized losses.  There was a $8.2 million net realized gain from the AFS securities portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2020, which consisted of $8.3 million in realized gains and $89,000 in realized losses. There were no sales from the HTM portfolio during the six months ended June 30, 2021 or 2020.  We calculate realized gains and losses on sales of securities under the specific identification method.
Expected maturities on our securities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.  MBS are presented in total by category since MBS are typically issued with stated principal amounts and are backed by pools of mortgages that have loans with varying maturities.  The characteristics of the underlying pool of mortgages, such as fixed-rate or adjustable-rate, as well as prepayment risk, are passed on to the security holder.  The term of a mortgage-backed pass-through security thus approximates the term of the underlying mortgages and can vary significantly due to prepayments.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of AFS and HTM securities at June 30, 2021, are presented below by contractual maturity (in thousands):
 June 30, 2021
 Amortized CostFair Value
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Investment securities:  
Due in one year or less$4,026 $4,071 
Due after one year through five years30,715 31,829 
Due after five years through ten years163,900 167,864 
Due after ten years1,721,730 1,819,098 
 1,920,371 2,022,862 
MBS:713,703 743,173 
Total$2,634,074 $2,766,035 

 June 30, 2021
 Amortized Cost
Fair Value
HELD TO MATURITY
Investment securities:  
Due in one year or less$120 $120 
Due after one year through five years509 512 
Due after five years through ten years279 281 
Due after ten years— — 
 908 913 
MBS:93,942 100,455 
Total$94,850 $101,368 

Equity Investments
Equity investments on our consolidated balance sheets include Community Reinvestment Act funds with a readily determinable fair value as well as equity investments without readily determinable fair values. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had equity investments recorded in our consolidated balance sheets of $11.8 million and $11.9 million, respectively.
Any realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity investments are reported in income. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are recorded at cost less impairment, if any.
The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses on equity investments recognized in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income during the periods presented (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2021202020212020
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments$17 $$(90)$54 
Less: Net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period— — — — 
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period on equity investments held at the reporting date$17 $$(90)$54 

Equity investments are assessed quarterly for other-than-temporary impairment. Based upon that evaluation, management does not consider any of our equity investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2021.
FHLB Stock
Our FHLB stock, which has limited marketability, is carried at cost and is assessed quarterly for other-than-temporary impairment. Based upon evaluation by management at June 30, 2021, our FHLB stock was not impaired and thus was not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired.