Share-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Share-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

13.           Share-Based Compensation

We have several stockholder-approved stock incentive plans for our employees and directors.  We currently have three types of share-based awards outstanding under these plans: stock options, restricted stock units, and restricted stock.  We believe that such awards align the interests of our employees and directors with those of our stockholders.

We grant options under these plans at market value on the date of grant, except in the case of certain performance awards which may be granted at a price above market value.  The options generally vest over or at the end of four years based on service conditions and expire seven or ten years from the date of grant.  Restricted stock units and restricted stock awards generally vest over or at the end of four years.  We recognize share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.  Option, restricted stock units, and restricted stock awards generally provide for accelerated vesting upon a change in control or normal or early retirement (as defined in the applicable stock incentive plan).  At December 31, 2012, we have reserved approximately 1.1 million shares for future equity grants under our stock incentive plans.

Following are certain amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for share-based compensation arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010.  We did not capitalize any share-based compensation costs during these periods.

	Year Ended
	December 31,		December 31,		December 31,
(In millions)	2012		2011		2010
Total share-based compensation	$	6.4	$	9.2		$	11.5
Share-based compensation included in cost of services		3.0		4.1			5.0
Share-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expenses		3.4		4.5			5.0
Share-based compensation included in restructuring and related charges		—		0.6			1.5
Total income tax benefit recognized		2.9		1.0			4.5

As of December 31, 2012, there was $14.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the stock incentive plans.  That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.

Stock Options

We use a lattice-based binomial option valuation model ("lattice binomial model") to estimate the fair values of stock options.  We base expected volatility on historical volatility due to the low volume of traded options on our stock.  The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the lattice binomial model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding.  We used historical data to estimate expected option exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior within the lattice binomial model.

The following table sets forth the weighted average grant-date fair values of options and the weighted average assumptions we used to develop the fair value estimates under each of the option valuation models for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options per share	$	4.01		$	5.94		$	7.22
Assumptions:
Expected volatility		54.4	%		53.0	%		51.9	%
Expected dividends		—			—			—
Expected term (in years)		5.1			5.6			5.5
Risk-free rate		2.0	%		2.4	%		3.2	%

A summary of option activity as of December 31, 2012 and the changes during the year then ended is presented below:

Options	Shares (thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual  Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2012		5,659		$	17.58
Granted		854			7.81
Exercised		(402	)		7.23
Forfeited		(606	)		10.60
Expired		(816	)		28.75
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		4,689		$	15.65		5.5	$	2,886
Exercisable at December 31, 2012		2,701		$	19.51		3.4	$	278

The total intrinsic value, which represents the difference between the underlying stock's market price and the option's exercise price, of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $1.3 million, $1.9 million, and $1.9 million, respectively.

Cash received from option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements during 2012 was $2.8 million.  The actual tax benefit realized during 2012 for the tax deductions from option exercises totaled $0.5 million.  We issue new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

The fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units ("nonvested shares") is determined based on the closing bid price of the Company's common stock on the grant date.  The weighted average grant-date fair value of nonvested shares granted during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, was $8.29, $13.26, and $11.32, respectively.

The following table sets forth a summary of our nonvested shares as of December 31, 2012 as well as activity during the year then ended.  The total grant-date fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $3.6 million, $7.4 million, and $10.0 million, respectively.

Nonvested Shares	Shares (thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested at January 1, 2012		910		$	12.22
Granted		573			8.29
Vested		(288	)		12.40
Forfeited		(182	)		10.68
Nonvested at December 31, 2012		1,013		$	9.93